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Hodel KVS, Fiuza BSD, Conceição RS, Aleluia ACM, Pitanga TN, Fonseca LMDS, Valente CO, Minafra-Rezende CS, Machado BAS. Pharmacovigilance in Vaccines: Importance, Main Aspects, Perspectives, and Challenges-A Narrative Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:807. [PMID: 38931474 PMCID: PMC11206969 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pharmacovigilance plays a central role in safeguarding public health by continuously monitoring the safety of vaccines, being critical in a climate of vaccine hesitancy, where public trust is paramount. Pharmacovigilance strategies employed to gather information on adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) include pre-registration data, media reports, clinical trials, and societal reporting. Early detection of AEFIs during clinical trials is crucial for thorough safety analysis and preventing serious reactions once vaccines are deployed. This review highlights the importance of societal reporting, encompassing contributions from community members, healthcare workers, and pharmaceutical companies. Technological advancements such as quick response (QR) codes can facilitate prompt AEFI reporting. While vaccines are demonstrably safe, the possibility of adverse events necessitates continuous post-marketing surveillance. However, underreporting remains a challenge, underscoring the critical role of public engagement in pharmacovigilance. This narrative review comprehensively examines and synthesizes key aspects of virus vaccine pharmacovigilance, with special considerations for specific population groups. We explore applicable legislation, the spectrum of AEFIs associated with major vaccines, and the unique challenges and perspectives surrounding pharmacovigilance in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Valéria Saraiva Hodel
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), SENAI CIMATEC University Center, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia State, Brazil
| | - Bianca Sampaio Dotto Fiuza
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), SENAI CIMATEC University Center, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia State, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Souza Conceição
- Department of Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Bahia State, Brazil
| | - Augusto Cezar Magalhães Aleluia
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), SENAI CIMATEC University Center, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia State, Brazil
- Department of Natural Sciences, Southwestern Bahia State University (UESB), Campus Vitória da Conquista, Vitória da Conquista 45031-300, Bahia State, Brazil
| | - Thassila Nogueira Pitanga
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), SENAI CIMATEC University Center, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia State, Brazil
- Laboratory for Research in Genetics and Translational Hematology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ-BA, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia State, Brazil
| | - Larissa Moraes dos Santos Fonseca
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), SENAI CIMATEC University Center, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia State, Brazil
| | - Camila Oliveira Valente
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), SENAI CIMATEC University Center, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia State, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), SENAI CIMATEC University Center, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia State, Brazil
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Hu R, Liu Y, Zhang L, Kang G, Xu B, Li M, Yu J, Zhu Y, Guo H, Wang Z. Post-marketing safety surveillance for both CRM197 and TT carrier proteins PCV13 in Jiangsu, China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1272562. [PMID: 37908689 PMCID: PMC10613985 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1272562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study is to evaluate the safety of two kinds of PCV13 carriers by monitoring the occurrence of adverse event following immunization (AEFI) after the launch of two kinds of PCV13 carriers in Jiangsu Province, China. Methods The AEFI Information System (CNAEFIS) of mainland China was used to monitor the incidence and classification of adverse reactions of the CRM197-carrier protein PCV13 and TT-carrier protein PCV13 vaccines. Results There was no statistical difference between the cumulative reported incidence of AEFI between the two vaccines from 2020 to 2022 (χ2 = 1.991, p < 0.158). 96.62% of the AEFIs were classified as common reactions; rare reactions and coincidental events only accounted for 2.99 and 0.39% of all the AEFI cases, respectively. Redness (2.6 cm-5 cm) is the commonest symptom at the injection site for both vaccines. More than 97% of AEFIs occurred between 30 min and 3 days after administration for both types of PCV13. Conclusion Both vaccines perform well in terms of safety. We did not identify any new/unexpected safety concern from the NAEFISS during a 4 years timespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Hu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanbao Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Guodong Kang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Borong Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingma Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Southeast University School of Public Health, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongxiong Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
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Deng Y, Yi L, Li Y, Zhao Z, Zhong Z, Shi H, Li J, Liang Y, Yang J. Safety evaluation on concomitant immunization with inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine produced from Sabin strains and other vaccines (from 2015 to 2020). Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2041944. [PMID: 35258415 PMCID: PMC9009915 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2041944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the safety of concomitantly administering inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine produced from Sabin strains (sIPVs) with other vaccines. Methods A descriptive analysis was carried out on adverse events following immunization (AEFI) based on the administration of sIPV alone or concomitant with other vaccines (from 2015 to 2020) using data from the national AEFI surveillance system of China (CNAEFIS). All adverse reactions (ADRs) of the concomitant immunization were coded using a medical dictionary for regulatory activities (MedDRA) before comparison. Results The CNAEFIS reported a total of 9130 sIPV-related AEFI cases, including 6842 AEFI cases collected after immunization with sIPV alone and 2288 AEFI cases collected after immunization of sIPV concomitant with other vaccines. The combination of sIPV with diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis vaccine (DTaP) was correlated with the highest frequency of AEFI, which accounted for 53.50% of all 2288 AEFI cases. After MedDRA-based coding, the most frequent ADR was fever (70.18%), followed by erythema and swelling at the injection site (6.95%), induration at the injection site (3.85%), dermatitis allergy (3.56%) and urticaria (1.55%). A statistically significant difference (P < .001) was found between sIPV immunization and sIPV immunization concomitant with other vaccines for general reactions (95.36% and 93.22%, respectively) and abnormal reactions (4.64% and 6.78%, respectively). Conclusion No new safety signal is found for sIPV administered concomitantly, although its administration with other vaccines may increase the occurrence of abnormal reactions. Vaccine manufacturers should focus on the safety of administering sIPV with DTaP and carry out relevant clinical studies when necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Deng
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Yi
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological Products, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhimei Zhao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhilei Zhong
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Haoyu Shi
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiarong Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,College of Nursing Health Sciences, Yunnan Open University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jingsi Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biological Products for Viral Infectious Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Gao S, Wei M, Chu K, Li J, Zhu F. Effects of maternal antibodies in infants on the immunogenicity and safety of inactivated polio vaccine in infants. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2050106. [PMID: 35394898 PMCID: PMC9196670 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2050106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of maternal poliovirus antibodies may interfere with the immune response to inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), and its influence on the safety of vaccination is not yet understood. A total of 1146 eligible infants were randomly assigned (1:1) to the IPV and Sabin IPV (SIPV) groups to compare and analyze the efficacy of the two vaccines in preventing poliovirus infection. We pooled the SIPV and IPV groups and reclassified them into the maternal poliovirus antibody-positive group (MAPG; ≥1: 8) and the maternal poliovirus antibody-negative group (MANG; <1: 8). We evaluated the impact of maternal poliovirus antibodies by comparing the geometric mean titer (GMT), seroconversion rate, and geometric mean increase (GMI) of types I-III poliovirus neutralizing antibodies post-vaccination, and incidence rates of adverse reactions following vaccination between the MAPG and MANG. Respective seroconversion rates in the MAPG and MANG were 94% and 100%, 79.27% and 100%, and 93.26% and 100% (all serotypes, P < .01) for types I-III poliovirus, respectively. The GMT of all types of poliovirus antibodies in the MAPG (1319.13, 219.91, 764.11, respectively) were significantly lower than those in the MANG (1584.92, 286.73, 899.59, respectively) (P < .05). The GMI in the MAPG was significantly lower than that in the MANG (P < .05). No statistically significant difference in the incidence of local and systemic adverse reactions was observed between the MAPG and MANG. Thus, the presence of maternal poliovirus antibodies does not affect the safety of IPV but can negatively impact the immune responses in infants after IPV vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Gao
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Mingwei Wei
- Vaccine Clinical Evaluation Department, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Kai Chu
- Vaccine Clinical Evaluation Department, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jingxin Li
- Vaccine Clinical Evaluation Department, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, PR China.,NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, PR China
| | - Fengcai Zhu
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China.,Vaccine Clinical Evaluation Department, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, PR China.,NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, PR China
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