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Kong D, He Y, Wang J, Chi L, Ao X, Ye H, Qiu W, Zhu X, Liao M, Fan H. A single immunization with H5N1 virus-like particle vaccine protects chickens against divergent H5N1 influenza viruses and vaccine efficacy is determined by adjuvant and dosage. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2287682. [PMID: 37994795 PMCID: PMC10763850 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2287682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The H5N1 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) reveals high variability and threatens poultry production and public health. To prevent the spread of H5N1 HPAIV, we developed an H5N1 virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine based on the insect cell-baculovirus expression system. Single immunization of the H5N1 VLP vaccines induced high levels of HI antibody titres and provided effective protection against homologous virus challenge comparable to the commercial inactivated vaccine. Meanwhile, we assessed the relative efficacy of different adjuvants by carrying out a head-to-head comparison of the adjuvants ISA 201 and ISA 71 and evaluated whether the two adjuvants could induce broadly protective immunity. The ISA 71 adjuvanted vaccine induced significantly higher levels of Th1 and Th2 immune responses and provided superior cross-protection against antigenically divergent H5N1 virus challenge than the ISA 201 adjuvanted vaccine. Importantly, increasing the vaccine dose could further enhance the cross-protective efficacy of H5N1 VLP vaccine and confer completely sterilizing protection against antigenically divergent H5N1 virus challenge, which was mediated by neutralizing antibodies. Our results suggest that the H5N1 VLP vaccine can provide broad-spectrum protection against divergent H5N1 influenza viruses as determined by adjuvant and vaccine dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexin Kong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanjuan He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lanyan Chi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Ao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hejia Ye
- Guangzhou South China Biological Medicine Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weihong Qiu
- Guangzhou South China Biological Medicine Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiutong Zhu
- Guangzhou South China Biological Medicine Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiying Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Jin K, Dai Z, Shi P, Li Y, Zhu C. Severe pneumonia with co-infection of H5N1 and SARS-CoV-2: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:31. [PMID: 38166668 PMCID: PMC10763204 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08901-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The H5N1 influenza virus is a cause of severe pneumonia. Co-infection of influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may lead to poor prognosis of patients during the COVID-19 epidemic. However, reports on patients co-infected with avian influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 are scarce. CASE PRESENTATION A 52-year-old woman presented with a fever, which has persisted for the past eight days, along with worsening shortness of breath and decreased blood pressure. Computed tomography (CT) revealed an air bronchogram, lung consolidation, and bilateral pleural effusion. The subsequent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) revealed positivity for H5N1 and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). CONCLUSION The H5N1 influenza virus is a cause of severe pneumonia. The clinical presentation of the patient had a predomination of H5N1 influenza rather than COVID-19. A PCR analysis for the identification of the virus is necessary to reveal the pathogen causing the severe pneumonia. The patient exhibited an excellent prognosis upon the use of the appropriate antiviral medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Jin
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Zixing Dai
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Ping Shi
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yuwen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Chuanlong Zhu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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3
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Gadiyar I, Dobrovolny HM. Different routes of infection of H5N1 lead to changes in infecting time. Math Biosci 2024; 367:109129. [PMID: 38101614 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2023.109129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Influenza virus infection can result in a wide range of clinical outcomes from asymptomatic infection to severe disease and death. While there are undoubtedly many factors that contribute to the severity of disease, one possible contributing factor that needs more investigation is the route of infection. In this study, we use previously published data from cynomolgus macaques infected with A/Vietnam/1203/04 (H5N1) via either aerosol (with and without bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL)) or a combined intrabronchial, oral, and intranasal route. We fit a mathematical model of within host viral kinetics to the data and find that when the macaques are infected via the aerosol route with subsequent BAL, the infecting time is significantly lower than for the other two groups. A lower infecting time indicates that the virus spreads from cell to cell more rapidly for aerosol infection with BAL than for the combined deposition or aerosol deposition alone. This study helps elucidate the mechanism behind different infection outcomes caused by differences in routes of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishaan Gadiyar
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA; Department of Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hana M Dobrovolny
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
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Sandhu S, Ferrante C, MacCosham A, Atchessi N, Bancej C. Epidemiological characteristics of human infections with avian influenza A(H5N6) virus, China and Laos: A multiple case descriptive analysis, February 2014-June 2023. CANADA COMMUNICABLE DISEASE REPORT = RELEVE DES MALADIES TRANSMISSIBLES AU CANADA 2024; 50:77-85. [PMID: 38655247 PMCID: PMC11037882 DOI: 10.14745/ccdr.v50i12a09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Background The first human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N6) virus was reported in 2014. From then until June 30, 2023, 85 human cases with confirmed A(H5N6) infection have been reported worldwide. Objective To address the present gap in knowledge of the overall epidemiology of human A(H5N6) infections, the epidemiological characteristics of human infection with A(H5N6) in China from February 2014 to June 2023 are described. Methods Considering the severity of human infections with A(H5N6) virus (case fatality rate: 39%), the increased frequency of case reports from 2021 to present day, and lack of comprehensive epidemiologic analysis of all cases, we conducted a multiple-case descriptive analysis and a literature review to create an epidemiologic profile of reported human cases. Case data was obtained via a literature search and using official intelligence sources captured by the Public Health Agency of Canada's International Monitoring and Assessment Tool (IMAT), including Event Information Site posts from the World Health Organization. Results Most human A(H5N6) cases have been reported from China (China: 84; Laos: 1), with severe health outcomes, including hospitalization and death, reported among at-risk populations. The majority (84%) of cases reported contact with birds prior to illness onset. Cases were detected throughout the course of the year, with a slight decrease in illness incidence in the warmer months. Conclusion As A(H5N6) continues to circulate and cause severe illness, surveillance and prompt information sharing is important for creating and implementing effective public health measures to reduce the likelihood of additional human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Sandhu
- Centre for Emerging and Respiratory Infections and Pandemic Preparedness, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON
| | - Christina Ferrante
- Centre for Emerging and Respiratory Infections and Pandemic Preparedness, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON
| | - Aaron MacCosham
- Centre for Emerging and Respiratory Infections and Pandemic Preparedness, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON
| | - Nicole Atchessi
- Centre for Emerging and Respiratory Infections and Pandemic Preparedness, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON
| | - Christina Bancej
- Centre for Emerging and Respiratory Infections and Pandemic Preparedness, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON
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Sun W, Xu J, Wang Z, Li D, Sun Y, Zhu M, Liu X, Li Y, Li F, Wang T, Feng N, Guo Z, Xia X, Gao Y. Clade 2.3.4.4 H5 chimeric cold-adapted attenuated influenza vaccines induced cross-reactive protection in mice and ferrets. J Virol 2023; 97:e0110123. [PMID: 37916835 PMCID: PMC10688331 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01101-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have circulated globally and caused substantial economic loss. Increasing numbers of humans have been infected with Clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 AIVs in recent years. Only a few human influenza vaccines have been licensed to date. However, the licensed live attenuated influenza virus vaccine exhibited the potential of being recombinant with the wild-type influenza A virus (IAV). Therefore, we developed a chimeric cold-adapted attenuated influenza vaccine based on the Clade 2.3.4.4 H5 AIVs. These H5 vaccines demonstrate the advantage of being non-recombinant with circulated IAVs in the future influenza vaccine study. The findings of our current study reveal that these H5 vaccines can induce cross-reactive protective efficacy in mice and ferrets. Our H5 vaccines may provide a novel option for developing human-infected Clade 2.3.4.4 H5 AIV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, College of Life Sciences,Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongxu Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Menghan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiawei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yuanguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Fangxu Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, College of Life Sciences,Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Na Feng
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhendong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Adlhoch C, Fusaro A, Gonzales JL, Kuiken T, Mirinavičiūtė G, Niqueux É, Staubach C, Terregino C, Baldinelli F, Rusinà A, Kohnle L. Avian influenza overview June-September 2023. EFSA J 2023; 21:e08328. [PMID: 37809353 PMCID: PMC10552073 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Between 24 June and 1 September 2023, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5) outbreaks were reported in domestic (25) and wild (482) birds across 21 countries in Europe. Most of these outbreaks appeared to be clustered along coastlines with only few HPAI virus detections inland. In poultry, all HPAI outbreaks were primary and sporadic with most of them occurring in the United Kingdom. In wild birds, colony-breeding seabirds continued to be most heavily affected, but an increasing number of HPAI virus detections in waterfowl is expected in the coming weeks. The current epidemic in wild birds has already surpassed the one of the previous epidemiological year in terms of total number of HPAI virus detections. As regards mammals, A(H5N1) virus was identified in 26 fur animal farms in Finland. Affected species included American mink, red and Arctic fox, and common raccoon dog. The most likely source of introduction was contact with gulls. Wild mammals continued to be affected worldwide, mostly red foxes and different seal species. Since the last report and as of 28 September 2023, two A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b virus detections in humans have been reported by the United Kingdom, and three human infections with A(H5N6) and two with A(H9N2) were reported from China, respectively. No human infection related to the avian influenza detections in animals on fur farms in Finland or in cats in Poland have been reported, and human infections with avian influenza remain a rare event. The risk of infection with currently circulating avian H5 influenza viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b in Europe remains low for the general population in the EU/EEA. The risk of infection remains low to moderate for occupationally or otherwise exposed people to infected birds or mammals (wild or domesticated); this assessment covers different situations that depend on the level of exposure.
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Qu M, Zhang H, Cheng P, Wubshet AK, Yin X, Wang X, Sun Y. Histone deacetylase 6's function in viral infection, innate immunity, and disease: latest advances. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1216548. [PMID: 37638049 PMCID: PMC10450946 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1216548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the family of histone-deacetylases, histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) stands out. The cytoplasmic class IIb histone deacetylase (HDAC) family is essential for many cellular functions. It plays a crucial and debatable regulatory role in innate antiviral immunity. This review summarises the current state of our understanding of HDAC6's structure and function in light of the three mechanisms by which it controls DNA and RNA virus infection: cytoskeleton regulation, host innate immune response, and autophagy degradation of host or viral proteins. In addition, we summed up how HDAC6 inhibitors are used to treat a wide range of diseases, and how its upstream signaling plays a role in the antiviral mechanism. Together, the findings of this review highlight HDAC6's importance as a new therapeutic target in antiviral immunity, innate immune response, and some diseases, all of which offer promising new avenues for the development of drugs targeting the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengyuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ashenafi Kiros Wubshet
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Basic and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Xiangping Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuefeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Bakar MAAA, Ker PJ, Tang SGH, Baharuddin MZ, Lee HJ, Omar AR. Translating conventional wisdom on chicken comb color into automated monitoring of disease-infected chicken using chromaticity-based machine learning models. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1174700. [PMID: 37415964 PMCID: PMC10321238 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1174700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria- or virus-infected chicken is conventionally detected by manual observation and confirmed by a laboratory test, which may lead to late detection, significant economic loss, and threaten human health. This paper reports on the development of an innovative technique to detect bacteria- or virus-infected chickens based on the optical chromaticity of the chicken comb. The chromaticity of the infected and healthy chicken comb was extracted and analyzed with International Commission on Illumination (CIE) XYZ color space. Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machines (SVMs), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Decision Trees have been developed to detect infected chickens using the chromaticity data. Based on the X and Z chromaticity data from the chromaticity analysis, the color of the infected chicken's comb converged from red to green and yellow to blue. The development of the algorithms shows that Logistic Regression, SVM with Linear and Polynomial kernels performed the best with 95% accuracy, followed by SVM-RBF kernel, and KNN with 93% accuracy, Decision Tree with 90% accuracy, and lastly, SVM-Sigmoidal kernel with 83% accuracy. The iteration of the probability threshold parameter for Logistic Regression models has shown that the model can detect all infected chickens with 100% sensitivity and 95% accuracy at the probability threshold of 0.54. These works have shown that, despite using only the optical chromaticity of the chicken comb as the input data, the developed models (95% accuracy) have performed exceptionally well, compared to other reported results (99.469% accuracy) which utilize more sophisticated input data such as morphological and mobility features. This work has demonstrated a new feature for bacteria- or virus-infected chicken detection and contributes to the development of modern technology in agriculture applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Anif A. A. Bakar
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Pin Jern Ker
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Shirley G. H. Tang
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zafri Baharuddin
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Hui Jing Lee
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Institute of Power Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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9
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Miah M, Hossain ME, Hasan R, Alam MS, Puspo JA, Hasan MM, Islam A, Chowdhury S, Rahman MZ. Culture-Independent Workflow for Nanopore MinION-Based Sequencing of Influenza A Virus. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0494622. [PMID: 37212605 PMCID: PMC10269883 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04946-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of influenza A virus (IAV) is crucial for identifying diverse subtypes and newly evolved variants and for selecting vaccine strains. In developing countries, where facilities are often inadequate, WGS is challenging to perform using conventional next-generation sequencers. In this study, we established a culture-independent, high-throughput native barcode amplicon sequencing workflow that can sequence all influenza subtypes directly from a clinical specimen. All segments of IAV in 19 clinical specimens, irrespective of their subtypes, were amplified simultaneously using a two-step reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) system. First, the library was prepared using the ligation sequencing kit, barcoded individually using the native barcodes, and sequenced on the MinION MK 1C platform with real-time base-calling. Then, subsequent data analyses were performed with the appropriate tools. WGS of 19 IAV-positive clinical samples was carried out successfully with 100% coverage and 3,975-fold mean coverage for all segments. This easy-to-install and low-cost capacity-building protocol took only 24 h complete from extracting RNA to obtaining finished sequences. Overall, we developed a high-throughput portable sequencing workflow ideal for resource-limited clinical settings, aiding in real-time surveillance, outbreak investigation, and the detection of emerging viruses and genetic reassortment events. However, further evaluation is required to compare its accuracy with other high-throughput sequencing technologies to validate the widespread application of these findings, including WGS from environmental samples. IMPORTANCE The Nanopore MinION-based influenza sequencing approach we are proposing makes it possible to sequence the influenza A virus, irrespective of its diverse serotypes, directly from clinical and environmental swab samples, so that we are not limited to virus culture. This third-generation, portable, multiplexing, and real-time sequencing strategy is highly convenient for local sequencing, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Bangladesh. Furthermore, the cost-efficient sequencing method could provide new opportunities to respond to the early phase of an influenza pandemic and enable the timely detection of the emerging subtypes in clinical samples. Here, we meticulously described the entire process that might help the researcher who will follow this methodology in the future. Our findings suggest that this proposed method is ideal for clinical and academic settings and will aid in real-time surveillance and in the detection of potential outbreak agents and newly evolved viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojnu Miah
- Infectious Diseases Division, ICDDR,B, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Rashedul Hasan
- Infectious Diseases Division, ICDDR,B, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | - Ariful Islam
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, New York, USA
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
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Jiang L, Li J, Cui H, Zhang C, Jin Y, Fu Y, Ma N, Tang F, Zhang Y, Zheng J, Li L, Lu B, Chen Z, Guo Z, Wang Z. Etiologic characteristics of avian influenza H11 viruses isolated from the live poultry market in southeast coastal region in China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1002670. [PMID: 36338057 PMCID: PMC9634483 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1002670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Since it was first identified in 1956, the H11 subvariant influenza virus has been reported worldwide. However, due to the low pathogenicity of the H11 subvariant and the absence of its widespread transmission among humans, there are only a few reports on the etiology of the H11 subvariant influenza virus. Therefore, in the present study, we isolated a strain of the H11N3 avian influenza virus (AIV) from poultry feces from the live poultry market in the southeast coastal region of China. Considering that the H11 subvariant is known to cause infections in humans and to enrich the knowledge of the H11 subvariant of the avian influenza virus, the genetics, pathogenicity, and transmissibility of the isolate were studied. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the H11N3 isolate was of Eurasian origin and carried genes closely related to duck H7N2 and H4N6. The receptor binding analysis revealed that the H11N3 isolate only acquired a binding affinity for avian-derived receptors. In the respiratory system of mice, the isolate could directly cause infection without adaptation. In addition, the results from transmission experiments and antibody detection in guinea pigs demonstrated that H11N3 influenza viruses can efficiently transmit through the respiratory tract in mammalian models. Direct infection of the H11N3 influenza virus without adaptation in the mouse models and aerosol transmission between guinea pig models confirms its pandemic potential in mammals, underscoring the importance of monitoring rare influenza virus subtypes in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Jiang
- Xiamen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiaming Li
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Cui
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yifei Jin
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Fu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Ningning Ma
- Beijing Institute of Health Care, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Tang
- Xiamen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xiamen, China
| | - Yidun Zhang
- Xiamen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xiamen, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Xiamen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xiamen, China
| | - Li Li
- Xiamen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xiamen, China
| | - Bing Lu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Zehui Chen
- Xiamen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xiamen, China
- Zehui Chen
| | - Zhendong Guo
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun, China
- Zhendong Guo
| | - Zhongyi Wang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongyi Wang
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Rcheulishvili N, Papukashvili D, Liu C, Ji Y, He Y, Wang PG. Promising strategy for developing mRNA-based universal influenza virus vaccine for human population, poultry, and pigs- focus on the bigger picture. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1025884. [PMID: 36325349 PMCID: PMC9618703 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1025884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the first outbreak in the 19th century influenza virus has remained emergent owing to the huge pandemic potential. Only the pandemic of 1918 caused more deaths than any war in world history. Although two types of influenza- A (IAV) and B (IBV) cause epidemics annually, influenza A deserves more attention as its nature is much wilier. IAVs have a large animal reservoir and cause the infection manifestation not only in the human population but in poultry and domestic pigs as well. This many-sided characteristic of IAV along with the segmented genome gives rise to the antigenic drift and shift that allows evolving the new strains and new subtypes, respectively. As a result, the immune system of the body is unable to recognize them. Importantly, several highly pathogenic avian IAVs have already caused sporadic human infections with a high fatality rate (~60%). The current review discusses the promising strategy of using a potentially universal IAV mRNA vaccine based on conserved elements for humans, poultry, and pigs. This will better aid in averting the outbreaks in different susceptible species, thus, reduce the adverse impact on agriculture, and economics, and ultimately, prevent deadly pandemics in the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yunjiao He
- *Correspondence: Yunjiao He, ; Peng George Wang,
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12
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Zhang L, Liu K, Su Q, Chen X, Wang X, Li Q, Wang W, Mao X, Xu J, Zhou X, Xu Q, Zhou L, Liu X, Zhang P. Clinical features of the first critical case of acute encephalitis caused by avian influenza A (H5N6) virus. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:2437-2446. [PMID: 36093829 PMCID: PMC9621215 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2122584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV), such as H5N1, H5N6, and H7N9, have been reported to frequently infect humans, but acute encephalitis caused by HPAIV in humans has been rarely reported. We report the first critical case of acute encephalitis with mild pneumonia caused by the H5N6 virus. On January 25 of 2022, a 6-year-old girl with severe neurological symptoms was admitted to our hospital and rapidly developed into seizures and coma. Brain imaging showed abnormalities. Electroencephalogram (EEG) presented abnormal slow waves. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contained elevated protein (1.64 g/L) and white cells (546 × 106/L). Laboratory investigations revealed abnormally elevated transaminases, lactate dehydrogenase, and cytokines in serum. A novel reassortant H5N6 virus was identified from the patient’s serum, CSF, and tracheal aspirate specimens. Phylogenic analysis indicated that this virus was a novel reassortant avian-origin influenza A (H5N6) virus that belonged to clade 2.3.4.4b. This patient was diagnosed with acute encephalitis and discharged from the hospital accompanied by a language barrier. An epidemiological investigation confirmed that wild waterfowls were the direct source of infection in this case. Our study highlights the urgent need to pay attention to acute encephalitis caused by HPAIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libing Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics of the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University
| | - Kaituo Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University
| | - Qin Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College of Yangzhou University
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Pediatrics of the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Pediatrics of the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University
| | - Wenlei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College of Yangzhou University
| | - Xuhua Mao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Yixing Clinical School of Medical School of Yangzhou University
| | - Jinmei Xu
- Department of Pediatrics of the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University
| | - Xin Zhou
- Yangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention; g Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Yangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention; g Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Le Zhou
- Yangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention; g Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University
| | - Pinghu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College of Yangzhou University
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