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Garnier R, Mathieu-Huart A, Ronga-Pezeret S, Nouyrigat E, Benoit P, Goullé JP, Granon C, Manel J, Manouchehri N, Nisse P, Normand JC, Roulet A, Simon F, Gabach P, Tournoud C. Exposition de la population française à l’arsenic inorganique. Identification de valeurs toxicologiques de référence. TOXICOLOGIE ANALYTIQUE ET CLINIQUE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxac.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
Lead is a health hazard for all humans. Especially children under the age of six are most at risk for lead poisoning. Lead toxicity causes hematological, gastrointestinal, and neurological dysfunction. Symptoms are usually noted with blood lead greater than 2 micromoles/L. Severe or prolonged exposure may also cause chronic nephropathy, hypertension, and reproductive impairment. Lead inhibits some enzymes, alters cellular calcium metabolism, stimulates synthesis of binding proteins in kidney, brain, and bone, and slows down nerve conduction. Acute lead poisoning is relatively infrequent and results from ingestion of acid soluble lead compounds or inhalation of lead vapors but chronic exposure to low levels of the metal is still a public health issue, especially among some minorities and socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. Lead has been used since prehistoric times, and has become widely distributed and mobilized in the environment. Exposure to and uptake of this non-essential element have consequently increased. Both occupational and environmental exposures to lead remain a serious problem in many developing and industrializing countries and a public health problem of global dimensions.
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Xiang Y, Bai Z, Zhang S, Sun Y, Wang S, Wei X, Mo W, Long J, Liu Z, Yang C, Zheng L, Guo X, Xiaoyang W, Mao F, Feng N. Lead adsorption, anticoagulation and in vivo toxicity studies on the new magnetic nanomaterial Fe 3O 4@SiO 2@DMSA as a hemoperfusion adsorbent. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:1341-1351. [PMID: 28115250 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This project aimed to develop and characterize a new nanoadsorbent for hemoperfusion. Fe3O4 nanoparticles synthesized by a facile solvothermal method were coated with SiO2 and further modified by DMSA. TEM, XRD, FTIR, XPS and SEM were performed before and after lead adsorption to reveal the general performance and adsorption mechanism. Rabbit lead poisoning models were established to study the adsorption rate; then, a pig hemoperfusion experiment was used for further validation. In addition, coagulation, liver, kidney and heart function, blood lipids, electrolytes and the immune inflammatory system were studied before and after hemoperfusion. The results indicated that the materials had a high adsorption rate and chemisorbed lead mainly in the plasma. No obvious coagulation-fibrinolysis, organ toxicity, electrolyte disturbances, inflammatory reactions or immunosuppression was observed. The excellent blood compatibility and high biosafety of this material demonstrate its potential as a new type of hemoperfusion adsorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xiang
- Urology Surgery of Haikou People's Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Zhiming Bai
- Urology Surgery of Haikou People's Hospital, Haikou, China.
| | - Shufang Zhang
- Central Laboratory of Haikou People's Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Hemodialysis Department of Haikou People's Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Shunlan Wang
- Central Laboratory of Haikou People's Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaobin Wei
- Clinical Laboratory of Haikou People's Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Wenshi Mo
- Hemodialysis Department of Haikou People's Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Jiale Long
- Urology Surgery of Haikou People's Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Zhenxiang Liu
- Urology Surgery of Haikou People's Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Animal Operation Center of Haikou People's Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Linlin Zheng
- Central Laboratory of Haikou People's Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Xueyi Guo
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wang Xiaoyang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fangfang Mao
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ningchuan Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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Abstract
Although lead poisoning (plumbism) has been recognized for centuries, lead exposures still occur frequently today because of its varied uses and persistence in the environment. Despite the awareness of the adverse effects of lead on adults, childhood plumbism was first reported only about a century ago. Young children are one of the most vulnerable groups to the adverse effects of lead because of their rapidly developing central nervous systems. Federal regulations in the 1970s have been successfully implemented to decrease the amount of environmental lead by decreasing the content of lead in gasoline and indoor paint. However, almost 30 years after these laws were passed, inner-city housing with leaded paint still exists. We describe three children living in New York City who developed plumbism from the ingestion of leaded paint chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Su
- State University of New York-Downstate Medical Center/Kings County Hospital Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA.
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