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Jakubek ZJ, Chen S, Zaifman J, Tam YYC, Zou S. Lipid Nanoparticle and Liposome Reference Materials: Assessment of Size Homogeneity and Long-Term -70 °C and 4 °C Storage Stability. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:2509-2519. [PMID: 36748988 PMCID: PMC9948293 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
With recent advances and anticipated proliferation of lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-delivered vaccines and therapeutics, there is a need for the availability of internationally recognized reference materials of LNP systems. Accordingly, we developed six LNP and liposome (anionic, neutral, and cationic each) candidate reference material formulations and thoroughly characterized by dynamic light scattering their particle hydrodynamic size (Z-avr) and polydispersity. We also evaluated the particle size homogeneity and long-term -70 °C and 4 °C storage stability using multiple large sets of randomly selected vials for each formulation. The formulations stored at -70 °C remained stable and homogeneous for a minimum of 9 months. The Z-avr relative combined uncertainty and the long-term variability were both <1.3% for liposome formulations and anionic LNPs, (3.9% and 1.7%) for neutral LNPs, and (6.7% and 4.4%) for cationic LNPs. An inadvertent few-hour-long storage temperature increase to -35 °C due to a freezer malfunction resulted in a small change of the size and size distribution of anionic liposomes and LNPs but, unexpectedly, a larger size increase of the neutral and cationic liposomes (≤5%) and LNPs (≤25%). The mean Z-avr values of the LNPs stored at 4 °C appeared to slowly increase with t1/3, where t is the storage time, and the Z-avr between-vial heterogeneity and mean polydispersity index values appeared to decrease; no change was observed for liposomes. The size and size distribution evolution of LNPs stored at 4 °C was attributed to an incomplete equilibration of the formulations following the addition of sucrose prior to the initial freezing. Such a process of size increase and size distribution narrowing has not been previously discussed nor observed in the context of LNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zygmunt J. Jakubek
- Metrology
Research Center, National Research Council
Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Sam Chen
- Integrated
Nanotherapeutics Inc., 205-4475 Wayburne Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4X4, Canada
| | - Josh Zaifman
- Integrated
Nanotherapeutics Inc., 205-4475 Wayburne Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4X4, Canada
| | - Yuen Yi C. Tam
- Integrated
Nanotherapeutics Inc., 205-4475 Wayburne Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4X4, Canada
| | - Shan Zou
- Metrology
Research Center, National Research Council
Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
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Nigro V, Angelini R, Bertoldo M, Buratti E, Franco S, Ruzicka B. Chemical-Physical Behaviour of Microgels Made of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks of PNIPAM and Poly(acrylic Acid). Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13091353. [PMID: 33919087 PMCID: PMC8122350 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microgels composed of stimuli responsive polymers have attracted worthwhile interest as model colloids for theorethical and experimental studies and for nanotechnological applications. A deep knowledge of their behaviour is fundamental for the design of new materials. Here we report the current understanding of a dual responsive microgel composed of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), a temperature sensitive polymer, and poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc), a pH sensitive polymer, at different temperatures, PAAc contents, concentrations, solvents and pH. The combination of multiple techniques as Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Raman spectroscopy, Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS), rheology and electrophoretic measurements allow to investigate the hydrodynamic radius behaviour across the typical Volume Phase Transition (VPT), the involved molecular mechanism and the internal particle structure together with the viscoelastic properties and the role of ionic charge in the aggregation phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Nigro
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISC-CNR), Sede Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy; (V.N.); (E.B.)
| | - Roberta Angelini
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISC-CNR), Sede Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy; (V.N.); (E.B.)
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.A.); (B.R.)
| | - Monica Bertoldo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed Agrarie, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, 45121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Elena Buratti
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISC-CNR), Sede Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy; (V.N.); (E.B.)
| | - Silvia Franco
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Base e Applicate per l’Ingegneria (SBAI), Sapienza Università, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Barbara Ruzicka
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISC-CNR), Sede Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy; (V.N.); (E.B.)
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.A.); (B.R.)
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Nigro V, Angelini R, Rosi B, Bertoldo M, Buratti E, Casciardi S, Sennato S, Ruzicka B. Study of network composition in interpenetrating polymer networks of poly(N isopropylacrylamide) microgels: The role of poly(acrylic acid). J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 545:210-219. [PMID: 30889412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The peculiar swelling behaviour of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM)4-based responsive microgels provides the possibility to tune both softness and volume fraction with temperature, making these systems of great interest for technological applications and theoretical implications. Their intriguing phase diagram can be even more complex if poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc)5 is interpenetrated within PNIPAM network to form Interpenetrating Polymer Network (IPN)6 microgels that exhibit an additional pH-sensitivity. The effect of the PAAc/PNIPAM polymeric ratio on both swelling capability and dynamics is still matter of investigation. EXPERIMENTS Here we investigate the role of PAAc in the behaviour of IPN microgels across the volume phase transition through dynamic light scattering (DLS),7 transmission electron microscopy (TEM)8 and electrophoretic measurements as a function of microgel concentration and pH. FINDINGS Our results highlight that aggregation is favored at increasing weight concentration, PAAc content and pH and that a crossover PAAc content CPAAc∗9 exists above which the ionic charges on the microgel become relevant. Moreover we show that the softness of IPN microgels can be tuned ad hoc by changing the PAAc/PNIPAM ratio. These findings provide new insights into the possibility to control experimentally aggregation properties, charge and softness of IPN microgels by varying PAAc content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Nigro
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISC-CNR), sede Sapienza, Pz.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - Roberta Angelini
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISC-CNR), sede Sapienza, Pz.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - Benedetta Rosi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Monica Bertoldo
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IPCF-CNR), Area della Ricerca, Via G.Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Buratti
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IPCF-CNR), Area della Ricerca, Via G.Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Casciardi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, National Institution for Insurance Against Accidents at Work (INAIL Research), Via Fontana Candida 1, Monte Porzio Catone, 00040 Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Sennato
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISC-CNR), sede Sapienza, Pz.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Barbara Ruzicka
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISC-CNR), sede Sapienza, Pz.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
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Ceccacci F, Sennato S, Rossi E, Proroga R, Sarti S, Diociaiuti M, Casciardi S, Mussi V, Ciogli A, Bordi F, Mancini G, Bombelli C. Aggregation behaviour of triphenylphosphonium bolaamphiphiles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 531:451-462. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Bordi F, Chronopoulou L, Palocci C, Bomboi F, Di Martino A, Cifani N, Pompili B, Ascenzioni F, Sennato S. Chitosan–DNA complexes: Effect of molecular parameters on the efficiency of delivery. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Stefanutti E, Papacci F, Sennato S, Bombelli C, Viola I, Bonincontro A, Bordi F, Mancini G, Gigli G, Risuleo G. Cationic liposomes formulated with DMPC and a gemini surfactant traverse the cell membrane without causing a significant bio-damage. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:2646-55. [PMID: 25017801 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cationic liposomes have been intensively studied both in basic and applied research because of their promising potential as non-viral molecular vehicles. This work was aimed to gain more information on the interactions between the plasmamembrane and liposomes formed by a natural phospholipid and a cationic surfactant of the gemini family. The present work was conducted with the synergistic use of diverse experimental approaches: electro-rotation measurements, atomic force microscopy, ζ-potential measurements, laser scanning confocal microscopy and biomolecular/cellular techniques. Electro-rotation measurements pointed out that the interaction of cationic liposomes with the cell membrane alters significantly its dielectric and geometric parameters. This alteration, being accompanied by significant changes of the membrane surface roughness as measured by atomic force microscopy, suggests that the interaction with the liposomes causes locally substantial modifications to the structure and morphology of the cell membrane. However, the results of electrophoretic mobility (ζ-potential) experiments show that upon the interaction the electric charge exposed on the cell surface does not vary significantly, pointing out that the simple adhesion on the cell surface of the cationic liposomes or their fusion with the membrane is to be ruled out. As a matter of fact, confocal microscopy images directly demonstrated the penetration of the liposomes inside the cell and their diffusion within the cytoplasm. Electro-rotation experiments performed in the presence of endocytosis inhibitors suggest that the internalization is mediated by, at least, one specific pathway. Noteworthy, the liposome uptake by the cell does not cause a significant biological damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Stefanutti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - F Papacci
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - S Sennato
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy; dCNR-IPCF, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - C Bombelli
- CNR, Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche and Dipartimento di Chimica Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - I Viola
- National Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute Nanoscience-CNR (NNL, CNR-NANO), I-73100 Lecce, Italy and c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - A Bonincontro
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - F Bordi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy; dCNR-IPCF, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy; Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena, 291-00161 Roma, Italy
| | - G Mancini
- CNR, Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche and Dipartimento di Chimica Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - G Gigli
- National Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute Nanoscience-CNR (NNL, CNR-NANO), I-73100 Lecce, Italy and c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy; Università del Salento, Dip. di Matematica e Fisica Ennio de Giorgi and Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Lecce, Italy
| | - G Risuleo
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
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Amaduzzi F, Bomboi F, Bonincontro A, Bordi F, Casciardi S, Chronopoulou L, Diociaiuti M, Mura F, Palocci C, Sennato S. Chitosan-DNA complexes: charge inversion and DNA condensation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 114:1-10. [PMID: 24161501 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The design of biocompatible polyelectrolyte complexes is a promising strategy for in vivo delivery of biologically active macromolecules. Particularly, the condensation of DNA by polycations received considerable attention for its potential in gene delivery applications, where the development of safe and effective non-viral vectors remains a central challenge. Among polymeric polycations, Chitosan has recently emerged as a very interesting material for these applications. In this study, we compare the observed aggregation behavior of Chitosan-DNA complexes with the predictions of existing models for the complexation of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. By using different and complementary microscopy approaches (AFM, FESEM and TEM), light scattering and electrophoretic mobility techniques, we characterized the structures of the complexes formed at different charge ratios and Chitosan molecular weight. In good agreement with theoretical predictions, a reentrant condensation, accompanied by charge inversion, is clearly observed as the polycation/DNA charge ratio is increased. In fact, the aggregates reach their maximum size in correspondence of a value of the charge ratio where their measured net charge inverts its sign. This value does not correspond to the stoichiometric 1:1 charge ratio, but is inversely correlated with the polycation length. Distinctive "tadpole-like" aggregates are observed in excess polycation, while only globular aggregates are found in excess DNA. Close to the isoelectric point, elongated fiber-like structures appear. Within the framework of the models discussed, different apparently uncorrelated observations reported in the literature find a systematic interpretation. These results suggest that these models are useful tools to guide the design of new and more efficient polycation-based vectors for a more effective delivery of genetic material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Amaduzzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.zzle A. Moro, 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca Bomboi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.zzle A. Moro, 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Adalberto Bonincontro
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.zzle A. Moro, 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Federico Bordi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.zzle A. Moro, 2, 00185 Roma, Italy; CNR-IPCF UOS Roma, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.zzle A. Moro, 2, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - Stefano Casciardi
- Dipartimento di Igiene del Lavoro, ISPESL, 00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
| | - Laura Chronopoulou
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.zzle A. Moro, 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Diociaiuti
- Dipartimento di Tecnologie e Salute, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V.le Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Mura
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Base Applicate all'Ingegneria, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via A. Scarpa, 14, 00183 Roma, Italy
| | - Cleofe Palocci
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.zzle A. Moro, 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Simona Sennato
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.zzle A. Moro, 2, 00185 Roma, Italy; CNR-IPCF UOS Roma, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.zzle A. Moro, 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
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Aleandri S, Bombelli C, Bonicelli MG, Bordi F, Giansanti L, Mancini G, Ierino M, Sennato S. Fusion of gemini based cationic liposomes with cell membrane models: implications for their biological activity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1828:382-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Li X, Fang Y, Al-Assaf S, Phillips GO, Yao X, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Zhang K, Jiang F. Complexation of bovine serum albumin and sugar beet pectin: structural transitions and phase diagram. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:10164-10176. [PMID: 22697399 DOI: 10.1021/la302063u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The complexation between bovine serum albumin (BSA) and sugar beet pectin (SBP) was studied in situ by coupling glucono-δ-lactone (GDL) induced acidification with dynamic light scattering and turbidity measurements. Individual measurements at specific pHs and mixing ratios were also carried out using zeta potentiometry, gel permeation chromatography-multiangle laser light scattering (GPC-MALLS), and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). These investigations together enabled the establishment of a phase diagram of BSA/SBP and the identification of the molecular events during protein/polysaccharide complexation in relation to the phase diagram, which showed five regions: (I) a stable region of mixed individual soluble polymers, (II) a stable region of intramolecular soluble complexes, (III) a quasi-stable region of intermolecular soluble complexes, (IV) an unstable region of intermolecular insoluble complexes, and (V) a second stable region of mixed individual soluble polymers, on lowering pH. We found for the first time that the complexation could take place well above the critical pH(c), the value that most previous studies had regarded as the onset occurrence of complexation. A model of structural transitions between the regions was proposed. The borderline between region II and region III represents the BSA/SBP stoichiometry for intramolecular soluble complex at a specific pH, while that between region III and region IV identifies the composition of the intermolecular insoluble complex. Also studied was the effect of NaCl and CaCl(2) on the phase diagram and structural transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Li
- Glyn O. Phillips Hydrocolloid Research Centre at HUT, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
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Abstract
ABSTRACTMetal oxide nanoparticles are increasingly being used to prepare new nanocrystaline materials. By controlling formulations of multicomponent metal oxides; crystal shape, structure and surface properties important in the design of new materials are gaining acceptance for many applications. Metal oxide composites are being used to design new electronic, magnetic and optical properties into material structures. Often these are formulated and processed in slurries or aqueous suspensions. A key parameter of controlling the design of such colloidal nanoparticle systems is their particle size. There are different methods by which a particle size can be obtained. Comparing stated dimensions from one method with those from another must be approached with caution: distributions in terms of volume, number or scattering intensity usually produce vastly differing results – despite expressing the exact same physical situation. Another fundamental colloidal characteristic is the zeta potential. This parameter effectively quantifies electrostatic stabilization, and can be used in formulation development to avoid instability as a result of particle-particle attraction.Both size and zeta potential are easily measured by light scattering. Small amounts of aggregates are quickly detected by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The zeta potential is rapidly measured by electrophoretic light scattering (ELS). As an example of a typical metal oxide, data for TiO2 nanoparticles are presented.Light scattering is a versatile measurement technique and ideally suited as a metrology of choice for size and stability quantification of nano-sized materials.
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