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Aliabbasi N, Emam-Djomeh Z, Askari G, Salami M. Design of glucono-δ-lactone-induced pinto bean protein isolate/κ-carrageenan mixed gels with various microstructures: fabrication, characterization, and release behavior. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:1484-1498. [PMID: 36184820 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein gels are used for different purposes, such as providing good texture, serving as fat replacers, and enhancing the nutritional and functional characteristics of foods. They can also deliver controlled release agents for sensitive drugs. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of κ-carrageenan (kcr) concentration (0, 1.5, 3, and 4.5 mg g-1 ) on the morphological and physicochemical properties and release behavior of glucono-δ-lactone (GDL)-induced pinto bean protein aggregate (PBA) gels. RESULTS When κ-carrageenan concentration increased from 0 to 1.5 and 3 mg.g-1 , the firmness of the samples increased significantly, by 2.04 and 3.7 fold, respectively (P < 0.05). A compact and homogenous network with considerable strength and maximum water-holding capacity (97.52 ± 1.17%) was obtained with the addition of 3 mg g-1 κ-carrageenan to the gel system. Further increasing the κ-carrageenan concentration to 4.5 mg g-1 produced a coarse gel structure with higher storage modulus (G'), firmness (6.30-fold), thermal stability, and entrapment efficiency (85.6%). Depending on the κ-carrageenan concentration, various microstructures from protein continuous phase to κ-carrageenan continuous phase were observed. The release test indicated that 70.25% of the loaded curcumin was released in the simulated gastrointestinal tract for pure PBA gels. In contrast, for binary gels containing 4.5 mg g-1 κ-carrageenan, curcumin was protected in the upper gastrointestinal tract, and 64.45% of loaded curcumin was delivered to the colon. CONCLUSION Our study showed that κ-carrageenan/PBA gels had high entrapment efficiency and could protect curcumin in the upper gastrointestinal tract. The hydrogels are therefore very valuable for colon-targeting delivery purposes. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Aliabbasi
- Transfer Phenomena Laboratory (TPL), Department of Food Science, Technology and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Zahra Emam-Djomeh
- Transfer Phenomena Laboratory (TPL), Department of Food Science, Technology and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Transfer Phenomena Laboratory (TPL), Department of Food Science, Technology and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Maryam Salami
- Transfer Phenomena Laboratory (TPL), Department of Food Science, Technology and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
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2
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Botezatu A, Elizondo C, Bajec M, Miller R. Enzymatic Management of pH in White Wines. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092730. [PMID: 34066480 PMCID: PMC8124146 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper investigates the potential of the enzymatic management of high pH in white juice and wine using a combination of enzymes-glucose oxidase coupled with catalase. Catazyme® 25 L, a commercially available blend of the two enzymes, was added at different doses (0.2 g/L, 0.6 g/L, and 1g/L) to white grape juice and various parameters (glucose, gluconic acid, pH) were monitored over 24 h of treatment. Treated wines were fermented to dryness without any difficulty and the wines were chemically and sensorially evaluated. At the highest dose (1 g/L), pH was reduced from 3.9 to 3.2, with 20.5 g of gluconic acid produced, while at the lowest dose (0.2 g/L), pH decreased from 4.0 to 3.5 and 8.8 g of gluconic acid was produced. Flash profiling indicated that treated wines were lighter in color than the control and were described using terms such as floral, fruit, citrus, and sour while the control wine was described as being fermented, medicinal, pungent, and oxidized. In conclusion, glucose oxidase coupled with catalase was shown to be effective at significantly reducing juice and wine pH in a short amount of time and with a positive impact on the organoleptic profiles of the treated wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Botezatu
- Horticulture Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Carlos Elizondo
- Horticulture Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Martha Bajec
- Bajec Senseworks Consulting, Hamilton, ON L9A 1L5, Canada;
| | - Rhonda Miller
- Animal Science Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
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Gangani AJ, Kumar P, Fernandes RA. Concise Stereoselective Synthesis of β-Hydroxy-γ-lactones: (4 R,5 R)-4-Hydroxy-γ-decalactone from the Japanese Orange Fly and Enantiomers of Arachnid Harvestmen Isolates. J Nat Prod 2021; 84:120-125. [PMID: 33390009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c01207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The naturally occurring (4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-γ-decalactone from the Japanese orange fly and the antipode of (4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-γ-dodecalactone from the harvestmen arachnid and their stereoisomers are synthesized from the chiral pool material d-glucono-δ-lactone in a few steps. The one-pot conversion of the latter to γ-vinyl-β-hydroxy-γ-lactone, cross-metathesis with requisite olefin, and hydrogenation enabled the synthesis of syn-lactones in just a two-pot operation. An additional efficient Pd-catalyzed allylic isomerization of γ-vinyl-β-hydroxy-γ-lactone led to the anti-lactones in high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashvin J Gangani
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076 Maharashtra, India
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076 Maharashtra, India
| | - Rodney A Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076 Maharashtra, India
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Yang J, Li X, Du Y, Ma M, Zhang L, Zhang J, Li P. Colorimetric recognition of aromatic amino acid enantiomers by gluconic acid-capped gold nanoparticles. Amino Acids 2021; 53:195-204. [PMID: 33432455 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02939-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we prepared gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by employing gluconic acid (GlcA) as reducing-cum-stabilizing agent. The proposed GlcA-AuNPs successfully worked as a colorimetric sensor for visual chiral recognition of aromatic amino acid enantiomers, namely tyrosine (D/L-Tyr), phenylalanine (D/L-Phe), and tryptophan (D/L-Trp). After adding L-types to GlcA-AuNPs solution, the color of the mixture changed from red to purple (or gray), while no obvious color change occurred on the addition of D-types. The effect can be detected by naked eyes. The particles have been characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, zeta potential, the dynamic light scattering analysis as well as UV-Vis spectroscopy. This assay can be used to determine the enantiomeric excess of L-Trp in the range from 0 to + 100%. The method has advantages in simplicity, sensitivity, fast response, and low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangxia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingxiang Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingxuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Peipei Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Buckó Á, Kása Z, Szabados M, Kutus B, Berkesi O, Kónya Z, Kukovecz Á, Sipos P, Pálinkó I. The Structure and Thermal Properties of Solid Ternary Compounds Forming with Ca 2+, Al 3+ and Heptagluconate Ions. Molecules 2020; 25:E4715. [PMID: 33066653 PMCID: PMC7587368 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, the structure and thermal stability of Ca-Al mixed-metal compounds, relevant in the Bayer process as intermediates, have been investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements revealed the amorphous morphology of the compounds, which was corroborated by SEM-EDX measurements. The results of ICP-OES and UV-Vis experiments suggested the formation of three possible ternary calcium aluminum heptagluconate (Ca-Al-Hpgl) compounds, with the formulae of CaAlHpgl(OH)40, Ca2AlHpgl2(OH)50 and Ca3Al2Hpgl3(OH)90. Additional IR and Raman experiments revealed the centrally symmetric arrangement of heptagluconate around the metal ion. The increased thermal stability was demonstrated by thermal analysis of the solids and confirmed our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ákos Buckó
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm sqr. 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Á.B.); (Z.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Zsolt Kása
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm sqr. 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Á.B.); (Z.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Márton Szabados
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm sqr. 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Bence Kutus
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, D-55128 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Ottó Berkesi
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Rerrich B. sqr. 1, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Zoltán Kónya
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich B. sqr. 1, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.K.); (Á.K.)
| | - Ákos Kukovecz
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich B. sqr. 1, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.K.); (Á.K.)
| | - Pál Sipos
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm sqr. 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Á.B.); (Z.K.); (P.S.)
| | - István Pálinkó
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm sqr. 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
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Zhou S, Jin T, Sheen S, Zhao G, Liu L, Juneja V, Yam K. Development of sodium chlorite and glucono delta-lactone incorporated PLA film for microbial inactivation on fresh tomato. Food Res Int 2020; 132:109067. [PMID: 32331688 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is an effective disinfectant used in the sanitization of fresh produce. Glucono delta-lactone (GDL), widely used as an acidifier during food processing, can be partially hydrolyzed to become a weak acid-gluconic acid under chemical equilibrium upon dissolution in water. This study focused on the development of a novel polylactic acid (PLA) film which incorporated with sodium chlorite (NaClO2) and GDL for ClO2(g) generation. The effects of PLA amount, NaClO2 + GDL/PLA ratio, NaClO2/GDL ratio, temperature and relative humidity on the release profiles of ClO2(g) were elucidated. The storage test indicated that film efficacy was well maintained after 4 weeks of storage under ambient conditions. The microbial inactivation results revealed that ClO2(g) generated from the films reduced populations of surface-inoculated Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 from ca. 5 log CFU/tomato to undetectable level (<1 log CFU/tomato) within 2 and 4 h respectively and the complete elimination in populations of both bacterial species was maintained throughout the 14-day storage period at both 10 and 22 °C. The sensory properties of treated tomatoes were evaluated and exhibited no significant difference (p > 0.05) compared to controls except for appearance on day 14 under 22 °C storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Zhou
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA.
| | - Tony Jin
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA
| | - Shiowshuh Sheen
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA
| | - Guohua Zhao
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - LinShu Liu
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA
| | - Vijay Juneja
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA
| | - Kit Yam
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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7
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Sun S, Zhou X, Li Y, Li Y, Xia H, Li Z, Zhuang P. Use of Dietary Components to Reduce the Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability of Cadmium in Rice. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:4166-4175. [PMID: 32189501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Reducing Cd bioavailability in the systemic circulation is an alternative strategy to reduce Cd exposure. The influence of 39 dietary components on Cd bioaccessibility in water or rice was determined using an in vitro gastrointestinal model, following which an in vivo bioassay was used to determine the most effective components on Cd bioavailability in rice. The results showed that several components significantly reduced the solubility of Cd (10-98%) in the intestinal phase. Tannic acid, TiO2, zinc gluconate, CaCl2, and proanthocyanidins were the most effective in decreasing Cd bioaccessibility in rice, with reductions of 93-97, 54-61, 32-49, 24-32, and 11-14%, respectively. Upon adding the dietary components, the reduction rates of the Cd-relative bioavailability (Cd-RBA) were 20-58 and 10-31% in the kidneys and the liver, respectively. The results may have important implications for reducing health risks associated with Cd exposure via consumption of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Sun
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, P. R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofang Zhou
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, P. R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yingwen Li
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, P. R. China
| | - Yongxing Li
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, P. R. China
| | - Hanping Xia
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, P. R. China
| | - Zhian Li
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, P. R. China
| | - Ping Zhuang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, P. R. China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, P. R. China
- Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, P. R. China
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Han J, Luo P, Wang L, Wu J, Li C, Wang Y. Construction of a Multienzymatic Cascade Reaction System of Coimmobilized Hybrid Nanoflowers for Efficient Conversion of Starch into Gluconic Acid. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:15023-15033. [PMID: 32156109 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Introducing an efficient method for the rapid conversion of starch into gluconic acid is desirable to solve the current problems existing in traditional gluconic acid preparation processes. In this study, a robust and easy-to-use multienzymatic cascade reaction system of coimmobilized GA@GOx hybrid nanoflowers with a specific spatial distribution of enzymes by compartmentalization was constructed and applied to catalyze starch to gluconic acid in one pot. In the preparation processes, the glucose oxidase (GOx) hybrid nanoflowers were first synthesized via a self-assembly mechanism, and then, glucoamylase (GA) was adsorbed on the surface of GOx hybrid nanoflowers through the interaction of Cu2+ and amino acids of GA. The optimum preparation conditions and reaction parameters of the GA@GOx hybrid nanoflowers had been investigated. In addition, the morphology, composition, and crystallization of the GA@GOx hybrid nanoflowers had been fully studied. Based on the lower Km, the GA@GOx hybrid nanoflowers with compartmentalization had a better effect of the substrate channeling on the catalytic efficiency. The final results indicated that the overall enzyme activity of the GA@GOx hybrid nanoflowers increased by 1.5 times, and the conversion efficiency was 92.12% within 80 min significantly superior to the free multienzyme system, which showed the outstanding conversion of starch into gluconic acid in one pot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Peng Luo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Jiacong Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Chunmei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Yun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
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Roy B, Pal S, Govindaraju T. Intrinsic Role of Molecular Architectonics in Enhancing the Catalytic Activity of Lead in Glucose Hydrolysis. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:14057-14063. [PMID: 32134618 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c01803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lewis acidity plays a key role in the catalytic activity of lead ion (PbII) in the hydrolysis of glucose in solution under harsh synthetic conditions. We report a number of structurally similar d-gluconamide amphiphiles as functional organic ligands with active an -NH center capable of coordinating PbII (viz., PbII-N-C) in basic condition to enhance the catalytic efficiency through the scheme of molecular architectonics. Amphiphiles with different hydrophobic unit form assembly-architectures with a varying second coordination sphere around the active metal ion center. As a result, the active PbII center in each architecture exhibits substantially different efficiency toward catalyzing the glucose hydrolysis under ambient temperature. The catalytic performance of the dynamic and reversible gluconamide-PbII assembly-architectures are highly dependent on their chemical environments in solution. Further, the active PbII center of gluconamide-PbII complex in the assembly architecture and dispersed states exhibits distinct outcomes with the former being a superior catalyst than the latter as well as PbII alone. The current study demonstrates the potential of molecular architectonics that relies on the hydrophobic units of designer functional amphiphiles to enrich surface electron density with enhanced σ-donation ability through space which substantially improves the catalytic efficiency of PbII toward glucose hydrolysis at ambient temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bappaditya Roy
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Satyajit Pal
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Thimmaiah Govindaraju
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
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Yang XX, Feng P, Cao J, Liu W, Tang Y. Composition-Engineered Metal-Organic Framework-Based Microneedles for Glucose-Mediated Transdermal Insulin Delivery. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:13613-13621. [PMID: 32138507 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Elaborately designed glucose-responsive insulin-delivery systems are highly desirable for the treatment of diabetes because it can secrete insulin depending on blood glucose levels. Herein, mimic multi-enzyme metal-organic framework (MOF)-based (insulin and glucose oxidase-loaded cobalt-doped ZIF-8, abbreviated as Ins/GOx@Co-ZIF-8) stimuli-responsive microneedles (MNs) were designed for painless glucose-mediated transdermal administration. In this work, GOx and Co2+ ions were engineered into MOFs to construct a mimic multi-enzyme vehicle. GOx in the MOF, as the glucose-responsive factor, could catalyze glucose into gluconic acid with the formation of H2O2 as the byproduct. The gluconic acid formed decreases the local pH in MOFs, resulting in the degradation of MOFs and thus preloaded insulin would be released. Meanwhile, catalyzed by Co2+ ions in the MOF, the byproduct H2O2 was decomposed. Possible free Co2+ ions would be chelated by EDTA-SiO2 nanoparticles in MNs and removed by peeling MNs off. The as-obtained mimic multi-enzyme MOF-based MNs showed good dependence on glucose concentration without divulging H2O2 and Co2+ ions and enough stiffness to penetrate into skin. This study offers a new strategy, using facilely synthesized MOFs as depots to integrate with MNs, for designing stimuli-responsive transdermal drug-delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Weisheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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Islas-Valdez S, López-Rayo S, Arcos J, Menéndez N, Lucena JJ. Effect of Fe:ligand ratios on hydroponic conditions and calcareous soil in Solanum lycopersicum L. and Glycine max L. fertilized with heptagluconate and gluconate. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:1106-1117. [PMID: 31667842 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The environmental risk from the application of synthetic chelates has led to the use of biodegradable complexes to correct Fe deficiency in plants. In this article, the Fe oxidation state, the Fe:ligand ratio, and the molecular weight distribution for heptagluconate (G7) and gluconate (G6) are considered as key factors for the efficacy of complexes as fertilizers. Complexes with different Fe:ligand ratios were prepared and analyzed by gel filtration chromatography (GFC). The ability of Fe:ligand ratios to provide Fe to tomato in hydroponics and soybean in calcareous soil was tested and compared with synthetic chelates (Fe3+ :HBED and Fe3+ :EDTA). RESULTS G7 presented greater capacity to complex both Fe(II) and Fe(III) than G6, but the Fe(II) complexes exhibited poor stability at pH 9 and oxidation in solution. Gel filtration chromatography demonstrated the polynuclear nature of the Fe3+ :G7 at various ratios. The effectiveness of the Fe fertilizers depend on the Fe3+ :ligand ratio and the ligand type, the Fe3+ :G7 (1:1 and 1:2) being the most effective. Fe3+ :G7 (1:1) also presented a better response for the uptake of other micronutrients. CONCLUSION Fe3+ :G7 molar ratios have been shown to be critical for plant Fe uptake under hydroponic conditions and with calcareous soil. Thus, the Fe3+ :G7 at equimolar ratio and 1:2 molar ratio can be an environmentally friendly alternative to less degradable synthetic chelates to correct Fe chlorosis in strategy I plants. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Islas-Valdez
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra López-Rayo
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jessica Arcos
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nieves Menéndez
- Department of Applied Physical-Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J Lucena
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Xu B, Huang J, Ding L, Cai J. Graphene oxide-functionalized long period fiber grating for ultrafast label-free glucose biosensor. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2019; 107:110329. [PMID: 31761178 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A label-free glucose biosensor is constructed successfully based on the long period fiber grating (LPFG) functionalized with graphene oxide (GO)-glucose oxidase (GOD) via the chemical crosslink method. GO coated on the surface of LPFG can immobilize GOD by the plentiful binding sites because of its favorable combination of exceptionally high surface-to-volume ratio. The structure and characterization of GOD-GO-modified LPFG are studied by the optical microscope, Fourier transformation infrared spectrometer (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. The reaction between GOD and glucose create gluconic acid and H2O2, which will lead to an evident shift of LPFG transmission spectrum due to the greater change of the surrounding refractive index (SRI). The GOD-GO-modified LPFG sensor shows a linear response with a response coefficient of 0.77 nm/(mg/mL). This biosensor has good selectivity and can be used for the detection of practical sample. The GOD-GO-modified LPFG biosensor has great prospect in the pharmaceutical research and medical diagnosis fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Fiber Optic Sensing Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jun Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Fiber Optic Sensing Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liyun Ding
- National Engineering Laboratory for Fiber Optic Sensing Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Jun Cai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Fiber Optic Sensing Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
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13
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Abstract
Whey-protein-isolate-based emulsion gels were prepared through a cold-set gelation process, and the effect of the solid fat (coconut oil) content in the oil phase on gel properties and β-carotene stability was investigated. An increase in solid fat content (0, 20, 50, 80, and 100% of the oil phase) resulted in a smaller droplet size, higher viscosity, and improved creaming stability of the emulsions. When glucono-δ-lactone was added to initiate gelation, a higher solid fat content contributed to an earlier onset of gelation and a higher storage modulus of the gels. Textural analysis indicated that the increase in the solid fat content allowed for an increase in fracture stress and Young's modulus of the emulsion gels. Microscopic observation revealed that emulsions containing a higher solid fat content formed gels with a denser and more uniform particulate network structure. The stability of β-carotene against thermal treatment (55 °C for 12 days) and ultraviolet light exposure (8 h) was determined. The results suggested that the solidification of the oil phase can improve the stability of β-carotene, and gels with higher hardness were capable of retaining more β-carotene after the treatments. These findings indicated that emulsion gels with a solidified oil phase could be potential delivery systems for lipophilic bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , People's Republic of China
| | - Like Mao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , People's Republic of China
| | - Mengnan Cui
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxiang Gao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , People's Republic of China
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14
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Guo S, Fang Q, Li Z, Zhang J, Zhang J, Li G. Efficient base-free direct oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid over TiO 2-supported gold clusters. Nanoscale 2019; 11:1326-1334. [PMID: 30604816 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr08143c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The transformation of renewable natural resources is an appealing and sustainable protocol to minimize fossil fuel consumption. Here, a simple incipient wetness protocol is developed to prepare ultrasmall gold clusters, immobilized on TiO2 (particle size: 1.2-1.7 nm), using anthranilic acid as a stabilizing agent. The Au clusters can be reduced to metallic Au0 (Au/TH-150 and Au/TH-200) during 150 and 200 °C annealing in the presence of H2 gas, while the Au clusters are converted to Auδ+ species in air at 200 and 500 °C (Au/TA-200 and Au/TA-500), a conclusion supported by XPS and low-temperature (-150 °C) Operando-DRIFTS analysis. Au/TA-200 and Au/TA-500 showed inactivity in the base-free direct oxidation of glucose. For comparison, Au/TH-150 and Au/TH-200 exhibited salient catalytic performance (87-92% conversion and 95-97% selectivity for gluconic acid), revealing that glucose oxidation occurs preferentially on the Au0 species. The turnover frequency (TOF) of Au/TH-150 reaches 1908 molreacted glucose molAu-1 h-1, which is much higher than that of commercial Pd-Bi/C under alkaline conditions (TOF: 1298 molreacted glucose molPd-1 h-1, pH 9.5). The apparent activation energies are 37 (over Au/TH-150) and 47 kJ mol-1 (Au/TH-200), comparable to the unsupported Au colloids, indicating that the oxidation should occur at the Au surface rather than at the perimeter interface between the Au clusters and the supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Guo
- Gold Catalysis Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
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15
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Moreno KX, Harrison CE, Merritt ME, Kovacs Z, Malloy CR, Sherry AD. Hyperpolarized δ-[1- 13 C]gluconolactone as a probe of the pentose phosphate pathway. NMR Biomed 2017; 30:10.1002/nbm.3713. [PMID: 28272754 PMCID: PMC5502806 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is thought to be upregulated in trauma (to produce excess NADPH) and in cancer (to provide ribose for nucleotide biosynthesis), but simple methods for detecting changes in flux through this pathway are not available. MRI of hyperpolarized 13 C-enriched metabolites offers considerable potential as a rapid, non-invasive tool for detecting changes in metabolic fluxes. In this study, hyperpolarized δ-[1-13 C]gluconolactone was used as a probe to detect flux through the oxidative portion of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPPox ) in isolated perfused mouse livers. The appearance of hyperpolarized (HP) H13 CO3- within seconds after exposure of livers to HP-δ-[1-13 C]gluconolactone demonstrates that this probe rapidly enters hepatocytes, becomes phosphorylated, and enters the PPPox pathway to produce HP-H13 CO3- after three enzyme catalyzed steps (6P-gluconolactonase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and carbonic anhydrase). Livers perfused with octanoate as their sole energy source show no change in production of H13 CO3- after exposure to low levels of H2 O2 , while livers perfused with glucose and insulin showed a twofold increase in H13 CO3- after exposure to peroxide. This indicates that flux through the PPPox is stimulated by H2 O2 in glucose perfused livers but not in livers perfused with octanoate alone. Subsequent perfusion of livers with non-polarized [1,2-13 C]glucose followed by 1 H NMR analysis of lactate in the perfusate verified that flux through the PPPox is indeed low in healthy livers and modestly higher in peroxide damaged livers. We conclude that hyperpolarized δ-[1-13 C]gluconolactone has the potential to serve as a metabolic imaging probe of this important biological pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlos X. Moreno
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Crystal E. Harrison
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Matthew E. Merritt
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Dept of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Zoltan Kovacs
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Craig R. Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Dept of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Dept of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX 75216
| | - A. Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Dept of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Dept of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083
- Corresponding Author: A. Dean Sherry; Advanced Imaging Research Center; 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390; telephone: +1 (214) 645-2730, fax: +1 (214) 645-2744; ; URL: http://www8.utsouthwestern.edu/utsw/home/research/AIRC/index.html
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16
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Abstract
Enzymatic glucose biosensors are being developed to incorporate nanoscale materials with the biological recognition elements to assist in the rapid and sensitive detection of glucose. Here we present a highly sensitive and selective glucose sensor based on capacitor circuit that is capable of selectively sensing glucose while simultaneously powering a small microelectronic device. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is chemically modified with pyrroloquinoline quinone glucose dehydrogenase (PQQ-GDH) and bilirubin oxidase (BOD) at anode and cathode, respectively, in the biofuel cell arrangement. The input voltage (as low as 0.25 V) from the biofuel cell is converted to a stepped-up power and charged to the capacitor to the voltage of 1.8 V. The frequency of the charge/discharge cycle of the capacitor corresponded to the oxidation of glucose. The biofuel cell structure-based glucose sensor synergizes the advantages of both the glucose biosensor and biofuel cell. In addition, this glucose sensor favored a very high selectivity towards glucose in the presence of competing and non-competing analytes. It exhibited unprecedented sensitivity of 37.66 Hz/mM.cm2 and a linear range of 1 to 20 mM. This innovative self-powered glucose sensor opens new doors for implementation of biofuel cells and capacitor circuits for medical diagnosis and powering therapeutic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gymama Slaughter
- University of Maryland Baltimore County and Bioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Maryland, USA.
| | - Tanmay Kulkarni
- University of Maryland Baltimore County and Bioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Maryland, USA
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17
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Bahaloo-Horeh N, Mousavi SM. Enhanced recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries through optimization of organic acids produced by Aspergillus niger. Waste Manag 2017; 60:666-679. [PMID: 27825532 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, spent medium bioleaching method was performed using organic acids produced by Aspergillus niger to dissolve Ni, Co, Mn, Li, Cu and Al from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects and interactions between the effective factors of sucrose concentration, initial pH, and inoculum size to optimize organic acid production. Maximum citric acid, malic acid, and gluconic acid concentrations of 26,478, 1832.53 and 8433.76ppm, respectively, and a minimum oxalic acid concentration of 305.558ppm were obtained under optimal conditions of 116.90 (gl-1) sucrose concentration, 3.45% (vv-1) inoculum size, and a pH value of 5.44. Biogenically-produced organic acids are used for leaching of spent LIBs at different pulp densities. The highest metal recovery of 100% Cu, 100% Li, 77% Mn, and 75% Al occurred at 2% (wv-1) pulp density; 64% Co and 54% Ni recovery occurred at 1% (wv-1) pulp density. The bioleaching of metals from spent LIBs can decrease the environmental impact of this waste. The results of this study suggest that the process can be used for large scale industrial purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Bahaloo-Horeh
- Biotechnology Group, Chemical Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mohammad Mousavi
- Biotechnology Group, Chemical Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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Gonzalez C, Kavoosi S, Sanchez A, Wnuk SF. Reduction of sugar lactones to hemiacetals with lithium triethylborohydride. Carbohydr Res 2016; 432:17-22. [PMID: 27341397 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Reduction of ribono-1,4-lactones and gulono-1,4-lactone as well as ribono-1,5-lactone and glucono-1,5-lactones with LTBH (1.2 equiv.) in CH2Cl2 at 0 °C for 30 min provided the corresponding pentose or hexose hemiacetals in high yields. Commonly used in carbohydrate chemistry protecting groups such as trityl, benzyl, silyl, acetals and to some extent acyls are compatible with this reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Sam Kavoosi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Andersson Sanchez
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Stanislaw F Wnuk
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
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19
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Garcia AC, Vavrusova M, Skibsted LH. Calcium d-Saccharate: Aqueous Solubility, Complex Formation, and Stabilization of Supersaturation. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:2352-2360. [PMID: 26934422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Molar conductivity of saturated aqueous solutions of calcium d-saccharate, used as a stabilizer of beverages fortified with calcium d-gluconate, increases strongly upon dilution, indicating complex formation between calcium and d-saccharate ions, for which, at 25 °C, Kassoc = 1032 ± 80, ΔHassoc° = −34 ± 6 kJ mol–1, and ΔSassoc° = −55 ± 9 J mol–1 K–1, were determined electrochemically. Calcium d-saccharate is sparingly soluble, with a solubility product, Ksp, of (6.17 ± 0.32) × 10–7 at 25 °C, only moderately increasing with the temperature: ΔHsol° = 48 ± 2 kJ mol–1, and ΔSassoc° = 42 ± 7 J mol–1 K–1. Equilibria in supersaturated solutions of calcium d-saccharate seem only to adjust slowly, as seen from calcium activity measurements in calcium d-saccharate solutions made supersaturated by cooling. Solutions formed by isothermal dissolution of calcium d-gluconate in aqueous potassium d-saccharate becomes spontaneously supersaturated with both d-gluconate and d-saccharate calcium salts, from which only calcium d-saccharate slowly precipitates. Calcium d-saccharate is suggested to act as a stabilizer of supersaturated solutions of other calcium hydroxycarboxylates with endothermic complex formation through a heat-induced shift in calcium complex distribution with slow equilibration upon cooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- André C Garcia
- Food Chemistry, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen , Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Insituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo , Campus Capivari, Avenida Doutor Ênio Pires de Camargo, 2971, São João Batista, Capivari, São Paulo 13360-000, Brazil
| | - Martina Vavrusova
- Food Chemistry, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen , Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Leif H Skibsted
- Food Chemistry, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen , Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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20
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Nascimento RAS, Özel RE, Mak WH, Mulato M, Singaram B, Pourmand N. Single Cell "Glucose Nanosensor" Verifies Elevated Glucose Levels in Individual Cancer Cells. Nano Lett 2016; 16:1194-200. [PMID: 26752097 PMCID: PMC4887140 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Because the transition from oxidative phosphorylation to anaerobic glycolytic metabolism is a hallmark of cancer progression, approaches to identify single living cancer cells by their unique glucose metabolic signature would be useful. Here, we present nanopipettes specifically developed to measure glucose levels in single cells with temporal and spatial resolution, and we use this technology to verify the hypothesis that individual cancer cells can indeed display higher intracellular glucose levels. The nanopipettes were functionalized as glucose nanosensors by immobilizing glucose oxidase (GOx) covalently to the tip so that the interaction of glucose with GOx resulted in a catalytic oxidation of β-d-glucose to d-gluconic acid, which was measured as a change in impedance due to drop in pH of the medium at the nanopipette tip. Calibration studies showed a direct relationship between impedance changes at the tip and glucose concentration in solution. The glucose nanosensor quantified single cell intracellular glucose levels in human fibroblasts and the metastatic breast cancer lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 and revealed that the cancer cells expressed reproducible and reliable increases in glucose levels compared to the nonmalignant cells. Nanopipettes allow repeated sampling of the same cell, as cells remain viable during and after measurements. Therefore, nanopipette-based glucose sensors provide an approach to compare changes in glucose levels with changes in proliferative or metastatic state. The platform has great promise for mechanistic investigations, as a diagnostic tool to distinguish cancer cells from nonmalignant cells in heterogeneous tissue biopsies, as well as a tool for monitoring cancer progression in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael A. S. Nascimento
- Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-401, Brazil
| | - Rıfat Emrah Özel
- Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
- Corresponding Author: Tel.: +1-831-459-4382. Fax: +1-831-459-2891.
| | - Wai Han Mak
- Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Marcelo Mulato
- Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-401, Brazil
| | - Bakthan Singaram
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Nader Pourmand
- Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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Wu K, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Ge S, Yan M, Yu J, Song X. Paper-Based Analytical Devices Relying on Visible-Light-Enhanced Glucose/Air Biofuel Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:24330-24337. [PMID: 26479328 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b07698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A strategy that combines visible-light-enhanced biofuel cells (BFCs) and electrochemical immunosensor into paper-based analytical devices was proposed for sensitive detection of the carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA15-3). The gold nanoparticle modified paper electrode with large surface area and good conductibility was applied as an effective matrix for primary antibodies. The glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) modified gold-silver bimetallic nanoparticles were used as bioanodic biocatalyst and signal magnification label. Poly(terthiophene) (pTTh), a photoresponsive conducting polymer, served as catalyst in cathode for the reduction of oxygen upon illumination by visible light. In the bioanode, electrons were generated through the oxidation of glucose catalyzed by GDH. The amount of electrons is determined by the amount of GDH, which finally depended on the amount of CA15-3. In the cathode, electrons from the bioanode could combine with the generated holes in the HOMO energy level of cathode catalysts pTTh. Meanwhile, the high energy level photoexcited electrons were generated in the LUMO energy level and involved in the oxygen reduction reaction, finally resulting in an increasing current and a decreasing overpotential. According to the current signal, simple and efficient detection of CA15-3 was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqing Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan , Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan , Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Yanhu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan , Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Shenguang Ge
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Preparation and Measurement of Building Materials, University of Jinan , Jinan 250022, P.R. China
| | - Mei Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan , Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Jinghua Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan , Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Xianrang Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute , Jinan 250117, P.R. China
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22
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Romo-Rodríguez P, Acevedo-Aguilar FJ, Lopez-Torres A, Wrobel K, Wrobel K, Gutiérrez-Corona JF. Cr(VI) reduction by gluconolactone and hydrogen peroxide, the reaction products of fungal glucose oxidase: Cooperative interaction with organic acids in the biotransformation of Cr(VI). Chemosphere 2015; 134:563-570. [PMID: 25577697 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Cr(VI) reducing capability of growing cells of the environmental A. tubingensis Ed8 strain is remarkably efficient compared to reference strains A. niger FGSC322 and A. tubingensis NRRL593. Extracellular glucose oxidase (GOX) activity levels were clearly higher in colonies developed in solid medium and in concentrated extracts of the spent medium of liquid cultures of the Ed8 strain in comparison with the reference strains. In addition, concentrated extracts of the spent medium of A. tubingensis Ed8, but not those of the reference strains, exhibited the ability to reduce Cr(VI). In line with this observation, it was found that A. niger purified GOX is capable of mediating the conversion of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in a reaction dependent on the presence of glucose that is stimulated by organic acids. Furthermore, it was found that a decrease in Cr(VI) may occur in the absence of the GOX enzyme, as long as the reaction products gluconolactone and hydrogen peroxide are present; this conversion of Cr(VI) is stimulated by organic acids in a reaction that generates hydroxyl radicals, which may involve the formation of an intermediate peroxichromate(V) complex. These findings indicated that fungal glucose oxidase acts an indirect chromate reductase through the formation of Cr(VI) reducing molecules, which interact cooperatively with other fungal metabolites in the biotransformation of Cr(VI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Romo-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología, DCNyE, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, C.P. 36000, Guanajuato, Gto, Mexico
| | - Francisco Javier Acevedo-Aguilar
- Departamento de Química, DCNyE, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, C.P. 36000, Guanajuato, Gto, Mexico
| | - Adolfo Lopez-Torres
- Departamento de Biología, DCNyE, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, C.P. 36000, Guanajuato, Gto, Mexico
| | - Kazimierz Wrobel
- Departamento de Química, DCNyE, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, C.P. 36000, Guanajuato, Gto, Mexico
| | - Katarzyna Wrobel
- Departamento de Química, DCNyE, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, C.P. 36000, Guanajuato, Gto, Mexico
| | - J Félix Gutiérrez-Corona
- Departamento de Biología, DCNyE, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, C.P. 36000, Guanajuato, Gto, Mexico.
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Ma D, Meng L, Chen Y, Hu M, Chen Y, Huang C, Shang J, Wang R, Guo Y, Yang J. NaGdF4:Yb(3+)/Er(3+)@NaGdF4:Nd(3+)@Sodium-Gluconate: Multifunctional and Biocompatible Ultrasmall Core-Shell Nanohybrids for UCL/MR/CT Multimodal Imaging. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:16257-65. [PMID: 26161913 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b05194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal bioimaging nanoparticles by integrating diverse imaging ingredients into one system, represent a class of emerging advanced materials that provide more comprehensive and accurate clinical diagnostics than conventional contrast agents. Here monodisperse and biocompatible core-shell nanoparticles, NaGdF4: Yb(3+)/Er(3+)@NaGdF4:Nd@sodium-gluconate (termed as GNa-Er@Nd), with about 26 nm in diameter were successfully prepared by a facile two step reactions in high boiling solvents, and followed a ligand exchange process with sodium gluconate. The resulting GNa-Er@Nd nanoparticles were well characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), and zeta potentials. These nanohybrids present brightly dual-wavelength excited upconversion luminescence (UCL) under both 980 and 793 nm laser because of the synergistic effect of Yb(3+)/Er(3+) and Nd(3+). They also exhibited excellent relaxivity parameters (r1) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Hounsfield units (HU) in X-ray computed tomography (CT) that are comparable to the clinical contrast agents. Therefore, these small and monodisperse nanoparticles provide options to construct a unique platform for potential multimodal UCL/CT/MRI imaging simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Ma
- †Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Lingjie Meng
- †Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yuzhong Chen
- †Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Min Hu
- †Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yanke Chen
- ‡Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Chen Huang
- ‡Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jin Shang
- §Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ruifeng Wang
- §Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Youmin Guo
- §Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jian Yang
- §Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
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24
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Li S, Yang J, Zhao H, Yang N, Jing D, Zhang J, Li Q, Han J. Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and quantitative analysis of metal gluconates. Appl Spectrosc 2015; 69:52-57. [PMID: 25506686 DOI: 10.1366/14-07481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A series of metal gluconates (Na(+), K(+), Mg(2+), Ca(2+), Fe(2+), Cu(2+), and Zn(2+)) were investigated by terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy. The absorption coefficients and refractive indices of the samples were obtained in the frequency range of 0.5-2.6 THz. The gluconates showed distinct THz characteristic fingerprints, and the dissimilarities reflect their different structures, hydrogen-bond networks, and molecular interactions. In addition, some common features were observed among these gluconates, and the similarities probably come from the similar carbohydrate anion group. The X-ray powder diffraction measurements of these metal gluconates were performed, and the copper(II) gluconate was found to be amorphous, corresponding to the monotonic increase feature in the THz absorption spectrum. The results suggest that THz spectroscopy is sensitive to molecular structure and physical form. Binary and ternary mixtures of different gluconates were quantitatively analyzed based on the Beer-Lambert law. A chemical map of a tablet containing calcium D-gluconate monohydrate and α-lactose in the polyethylene host was obtained by THz imaging. The study shows that THz technology is a useful tool in pharmaceutical research and quality control applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxian Li
- Tianjin University, Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
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25
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Santhanaraj D, Rover MR, Resasco DE, Brown RC, Crossley S. Gluconic acid from biomass fast pyrolysis oils: specialty chemicals from the thermochemical conversion of biomass. ChemSusChem 2014; 7:3132-3137. [PMID: 25204798 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201402431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fast pyrolysis of biomass to produce a bio-oil followed by catalytic upgrading is a widely studied approach for the potential production of fuels from biomass. Because of the complexity of the bio-oil, most upgrading strategies focus on removing oxygen from the entire mixture to produce fuels. Here we report a novel method for the production of the specialty chemical, gluconic acid, from the pyrolysis of biomass. Through a combination of sequential condensation of pyrolysis vapors and water extraction, a solution rich in levoglucosan is obtained that accounts for over 30% of the carbon in the bio-oil produced from red oak. A simple filtration step yields a stream of high-purity levoglucosan. This stream of levoglucosan is then hydrolyzed and partially oxidized to yield gluconic acid with high purity and selectivity. This combination of cost-effective pyrolysis coupled with simple separation and upgrading could enable a variety of new product markets for chemicals from biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Santhanaraj
- School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, 100 E. Boyd Street, Room T301 Norman, OK 73019 (USA)
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26
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Tai W, Mo R, Di J, Subramanian V, Gu X, Buse JB, Gu Z. Bio-inspired synthetic nanovesicles for glucose-responsive release of insulin. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:3495-502. [PMID: 25268758 PMCID: PMC4195518 DOI: 10.1021/bm500364a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A new glucose-responsive formulation for self-regulated insulin delivery was constructed by packing insulin, glucose-specific enzymes into pH-sensitive polymersome-based nanovesicles assembled by a diblock copolymer. Glucose can passively transport across the bilayer membrane of the nanovesicle and be oxidized into gluconic acid by glucose oxidase, thereby causing a decrease in local pH. The acidic microenvironment causes the hydrolysis of the pH sensitive nanovesicle that in turn triggers the release of insulin in a glucose responsive fashion. In vitro studies validated that the release of insulin from nanovesicle was effectively correlated with the external glucose concentration. In vivo experiments, in which diabetic mice were subcutaneously administered with the nanovesicles, demonstrate that a single injection of the developed nanovesicle facilitated stabilization of the blood glucose levels in the normoglycemic state (<200 mg/dL) for up to 5 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyi Tai
- Joint
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Center
for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Molecular Pharmaceutics Division, Eshelman
School of Pharmacy, University of North
Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Ran Mo
- Joint
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Center
for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Molecular Pharmaceutics Division, Eshelman
School of Pharmacy, University of North
Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jin Di
- Joint
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Center
for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Molecular Pharmaceutics Division, Eshelman
School of Pharmacy, University of North
Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Vinayak Subramanian
- Joint
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Xiao Gu
- Joint
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - John B. Buse
- Department of Medicine, University
of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Zhen Gu
- Joint
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Center
for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Molecular Pharmaceutics Division, Eshelman
School of Pharmacy, University of North
Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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27
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Linka WA, Golenia E, Zgoda MM, Kołodziejczyk MK. [The use of semi-synthetic polymers in the formulation of sucking and chewable tablets containing sage extract and zinc gluconate]. Polim Med 2014; 44:237-245. [PMID: 25932905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Halitosis and gingivitis are most common pathologies (15-60% of population) which, if left untreated, lead to periodontal diseases and tooth loss. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to develop, based on polymers of dry sage extract and zinc gluconate, tablets intended for sucking and chewing that can be applied in the treatment of halitosis and gingivitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Dried aqueous sage extract, zinc gluconate, Pharmagum M, Prosolv SMCC90 and SMCCHD90, Vivapur 102, sorbitol, mannitol, ludipress. Direct tableting. Testing pharmacopeial parameters and pharmaceutical availability (using basket and rotating disk methods) of tablets intended for sucking and chewing. Approximation of the obtained results. RESULTS Grey and green color tablets were obtained with smooth and uniform surface, without stains, spalls or mechanical damage. The determined average mass (weight) of a tablet complied with the standard. The friability and crushing strength test revealed that tablets containing Prosolv SMCCHD90, Vivapur 102 and mannitol demonstrated the highest mechanical strength. Tablets containing these substances and intended for sucking had prolonged disintegration and release time. Tablets intended for chewing had a hardness at the level of 124 N.They demonstrated compressibility, low friability and prolonged release. The release profiles of tablets intended for sucking (v2) and those for chewing, obtained by basket and rotating disk methods, were similar. CONCLUSIONS The addition of Prosolv SMCCHD90, Vivapur 102 and mannitol increased significantly the mechanical strength (higher hardness, lower friability), prolonged the disintegration time and slowed the release from the obtained tablets intended for sucking and chewing. The application of Prosolv SMCCHD90 in the formulation of tablets for chewing carries the risk for sorption of active components to the polymer structure. This process takes place in the early stage of the release. Rotating disk method used in pharmaceutical availability testing gives better results while analyzing the phenomenon than the standard basket method. The suggested and tested formulations of tablets intended for sucking and chewing may be used as an alternative to formulations containing dried titrated extracts from plants of antimicrobial activity (sage - Salvia officinalis) in combination with substances binding volatile sulfur compounds (zinc gluconate).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewa Golenia
- Zakład Technologii Postaci Leku, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi, Łódź, Polska
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28
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Abstract
Aqueous solubility of calcium l-lactate, calcium d-gluconate, and calcium d-lactobionate increases with temperature (10-30 °C investigated), most significantly for the least soluble d-gluconate, while the calcium ion activity of the saturated solutions decreases with temperature, as measured electrochemically, most significantly for the most soluble d-lactobionate. This unusual behavior is discussed in relation to dairy processing and explained by endothermic binding of calcium to hydroxycarboxylate anions determined to have ΔH°ass = (31 ± 3) kJ·mol(-1) for l-lactate, (34 ± 2) kJ·mol(-1) for d-gluconate, and (29 ± 3) kJ·mol(-1) for d-lactobionate in 1:1 complexes with thermodynamic binding constants at 25 °C of Kass = 49 (l-lactate), 88 (d-gluconate), and 140 (d-lactobionate). Quantum mechanical calculations within density functional theory (DFT) confirm the ordering of strength of binding. The complex formation is entropy driven with ΔS°ass > 0, resulting in decreasing calcium ion activity in aqueous solutions for increasing temperature, even for the saturated solutions despite increasing solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Vavrusova
- Food Chemistry, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen , Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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29
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Pallagi A, Bajnóczi ÉG, Canton SE, Bolin T, Peintler G, Kutus B, Kele Z, Pálinkó I, Sipos P. Multinuclear complex formation between Ca(II) and gluconate ions in hyperalkaline solutions. Environ Sci Technol 2014; 48:6604-6611. [PMID: 24865662 DOI: 10.1021/es501067w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline solutions containing polyhydroxy carboxylates and Ca(II) are typical in cementitious radioactive waste repositories. Gluconate (Gluc(-)) is a structural and functional representative of these sugar carboxylates. In the current study, the structure and equilibria of complexes forming in such strongly alkaline solutions containing Ca(2+) and gluconate have been studied. It was found that Gluc(-) significantly increases the solubility of portlandite (Ca(OH)2(s)) under these conditions and Ca(2+) complexes of unexpectedly high stability are formed. The mononuclear (CaGluc(+) and [CaGlucOH](0)) complexes were found to be minor species, and predominant multinuclear complexes were identified. The formation of the neutral [Ca2Gluc(OH)3](0) (log β213 = 8.03) and [Ca3Gluc2(OH)4](0) (log β324 = 12.39) has been proven via H2/Pt-electrode potentiometric measurements and was confirmed via XAS, (1)H NMR, ESI-MS, conductometry, and freezing-point depression experiments. The binding sites of Gluc(-) were identified from multinuclear NMR measurements. Besides the carboxylate group, the O atoms on the second and third carbon atoms were proved to be the most probable sites for Ca(2+) binding. The suggested structure of the trinuclear complex was deduced from ab initio calculations. These observations are of relevance in the thermodynamic modeling of radioactive waste repositories, where the predominance of the binuclear Ca(2+) complex, which is a precursor of various high-stability ternary complexes with actinides, is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Pallagi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry and ‡Materials and Solution Structure Research Group, University of Szeged , Dóm tér 7, Szeged, H-6720 Hungary
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30
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Todea A, Badea V, Nagy L, Kéki S, Boeriu CG, Péter F. Biocatalytic synthesis of δ-gluconolactone and ε-caprolactone copolymers. Acta Biochim Pol 2014; 61:205-210. [PMID: 24904930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The biodegradability and biocompatibility properties of ε-caprolactone homopolymers place it as a valuable raw material, particularly for controlled drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. However, the usefulness of such materials is limited by their low hydrophilicity and slow biodegradation rate. In order to improve polycaprolactone properties and functionalities, copolymerization of ε-caprolactone with δ-gluconolactone was investigated. Since enzymatic reactions involving sugars are usually hindered by the low solubility of these compounds in common organic solvents, finding the best reaction medium was a major objective of this research. The optimal copolymerization conditions were set up by using different organic media (solvent and solvents mixtures), as well as solvent free systems that are able to dissolve (completely or partially) sugars, and are nontoxic for enzymes. Native and immobilized lipases by different immobilization techniques from Candida antarctica B and Thermomyces lanuginosus have been used as biocatalyst at 80°C. Although the main copolymer amount was synthesized in DMSO:t-BuOH (20:80) medium, the highest polymerization degrees, up to 16 for the copolymer product, were achieved in solventless conditions. The products, cyclic and linear polyesters, have been characterized by FT-IR and MALDI-TOF MS analysis. The reaction product analysis revealed the formation of cyclic products that could be the major impediment of further increase of the chain length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Todea
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, University "Politehnica" of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Valentin Badea
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, University "Politehnica" of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Lajos Nagy
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Carmen G Boeriu
- Wageningen UR Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Francisc Péter
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, University "Politehnica" of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
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31
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Rohatgi N, Nielsen TK, Bjørn SP, Axelsson I, Paglia G, Voldborg BG, Palsson BO, Rolfsson Ó. Biochemical characterization of human gluconokinase and the proposed metabolic impact of gluconic acid as determined by constraint based metabolic network analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98760. [PMID: 24896608 PMCID: PMC4045858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolism of gluconate is well characterized in prokaryotes where it is known to be degraded following phosphorylation by gluconokinase. Less is known of gluconate metabolism in humans. Human gluconokinase activity was recently identified proposing questions about the metabolic role of gluconate in humans. Here we report the recombinant expression, purification and biochemical characterization of isoform I of human gluconokinase alongside substrate specificity and kinetic assays of the enzyme catalyzed reaction. The enzyme, shown to be a dimer, had ATP dependent phosphorylation activity and strict specificity towards gluconate out of 122 substrates tested. In order to evaluate the metabolic impact of gluconate in humans we modeled gluconate metabolism using steady state metabolic network analysis. The results indicate that significant metabolic flux changes in anabolic pathways linked to the hexose monophosphate shunt (HMS) are induced through a small increase in gluconate concentration. We argue that the enzyme takes part in a context specific carbon flux route into the HMS that, in humans, remains incompletely explored. Apart from the biochemical description of human gluconokinase, the results highlight that little is known of the mechanism of gluconate metabolism in humans despite its widespread use in medicine and consumer products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Rohatgi
- Center for Systems Biology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- University of Iceland Biomedical Center, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Tine Kragh Nielsen
- Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara Petersen Bjørn
- Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ivar Axelsson
- Center for Systems Biology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Giuseppe Paglia
- Center for Systems Biology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Bjørn Gunnar Voldborg
- Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Óttar Rolfsson
- Center for Systems Biology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- University of Iceland Biomedical Center, Reykjavik, Iceland
- * E-mail:
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32
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Aufderhorst-Roberts A, Frith WJ, Donald AM. A microrheological study of hydrogel kinetics and micro-heterogeneity. Eur Phys J E Soft Matter 2014; 37:44. [PMID: 24859279 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2014-14044-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The real-time dynamic heterogeneity of the gelation process of the amino acid derivative Fmoc-tyrosine (Fmoc-Y) is studied using particle tracking microrheology. To trigger gelation, glucono-δ-lactone (GdL) is added, which gradually lowers the p H over several hours. The onset of self-assembly in the system is signified by a sharp drop in the mean-squared displacement of embedded particles, a phenomenon that is found to correlate with the p H of the system reaching the pK(a) of Fmoc-Y. The gel point is identified and found to be dependent on the GdL concentration. Analysis of embedded probe particle dynamics allows the heterogeneity of the sample to be quantified, using three metrics: the heterogeneity ratio (HR), the non-Gaussian parameter of the van Hove correlation function (N and the bin distribution of the mean-squared displacement (MSD) of single particles (f(z)). Results from the three techniques are found to be approximately comparable, with increases in heterogeneity observed in all samples for incubation times t(w) = 0-3 hours. The final heterogeneity in all samples is found to be remarkably low compared to other systems previously reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Aufderhorst-Roberts
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK,
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33
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Grygorczyk A, Corredig M. Acid induced gelation of soymilk, comparison between gels prepared with lactic acid bacteria and glucono-δ-lactone. Food Chem 2013; 141:1716-21. [PMID: 23870883 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.03.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to compare the gelation of soymilk particles induced by the acidification of a commercial starter culture with that resulting by addition of glucono-δ-lactone (GDL). Structure formation was followed using rheology, and the microstructure was observed by confocal microscopy. Acidification of lactic acid bacteria resulted in a higher gelation pH (pH 6.29±0.05) compared to that of a gel induced by GDL (pH 5.9±0.04). This difference was attributed to the longer time available for rearrangements of the soymilk particles in soymilk with starter cultures compared to the fast acidification by GDL. In spite of the earlier gelation pH, there were no observed differences in the final gel stiffness measured at pH 5.1, the value of tan δ, the frequency dependence and the linear viscoelastic range of the gels measured at the final pH. Microstructural observations also showed a similar protein network structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grygorczyk
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1K 2W5
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34
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Liu H, Li Q, Zhu D, Li J, Liu J, Geng P, He Y. Effects of sucrose and urea on soy hull pectic polysaccharide gel induced by D-glucono-1,5-lactone. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 98:542-5. [PMID: 23987379 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Gelation properties of pectic polysaccharide extracted with ammonium oxalate from soybean hulls assisted by microwave were seldom studied. Water mobility in soy hull pectic polysaccharide (SHPP) was firstly studied by low field NMR. D-Glucono-1,5-lactone (GDL) and sucrose both could decrease spin-spin relaxation times (T2) of SHPP solutions which indicated the SHPP network formed. Rheological analysis conformed that SHPP gel was formed induced by GDL and enhanced by sucrose. Urea can increase T2 and collapse the network of SHPP. TGA was used to draw the profiles of water desorption from SHPP solutions or gels, during heating at a controlled rate. It was found that sucrose increased the bound water content and urea acted a conversely role. Hydrogen bond is the main force to maintain SHPP gel network.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Liu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Food Safety, Food Science Research Institute, Bohai University, 19 Keji Road, Jinzhou 121013, China.
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35
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Takei T, Nakahara H, Tanaka S, Nishimata H, Yoshida M, Kawakami K. Effect of chitosan-gluconic acid conjugate/poly(vinyl alcohol) cryogels as wound dressing on partial-thickness wounds in diabetic rats. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2013; 24:2479-2487. [PMID: 23801501 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-4991-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We previously developed chitosan cryogels from chitosan-gluconic acid conjugate without using toxic additives for wound care. In this study, we improved physiological characteristics of the previous cryogels by incorporating poly(vinyl alcohol) that also form cryogels. Mechanical strength of the cryogels was more than two times higher than that of the previous cryogels. Furthermore, the incorporation of poly(vinyl alcohol) enhanced water retention and resistance to degradation of the gels by lysozyme. The cryogels retained the favorable biological properties of the previous cryogels that they accelerate infiltration of inflammatory cells into wound sites. Time period for repairing 50 % of initial area of partial-thickness skin wound treated with the cryogels (4.0 ± 1.1 days) was shorter than those with gauze (6.5 ± 0.3 days) or a commercial hydrogel dressing (5.7 ± 0.3 days). Finally, we confirmed that incorporation of basic fibroblast growth factor into the cryogels was effective to further accelerate wound healing (2.7 ± 1.0 days). These results demonstrate that the cryogels in this study are promising for wound care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Takei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan,
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36
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Yang A, James AT. Effects of soybean protein composition and processing conditions on silken tofu properties. J Sci Food Agric 2013; 93:3065-71. [PMID: 23512756 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Texture and water holding are important for silken tofu manufacturers and are affected by many factors, including soybean variety and processing conditions. In this study we evaluated these two key quality attributes of silken tofu produced from two soybean varieties - Bunya and Cowrie - using a soak or a dry processing method with glucono-δ-lactone or nigari as coagulant at concentrations of 1.5-5.0 g kg⁻¹. RESULTS The soak method produced substantially firmer silken tofu with either coagulant. The optimum coagulant concentration to achieve maximum hardness was 2.5-3.0 g kg⁻¹. At 3.0 g kg⁻¹, Bunya produced silken tofu with firmer texture for each of the coagulant-method combinations and lower water loss, an indicator for water holding capacity, for the soak method. The two varieties differed significantly in the composition of major protein subunits for the seed and soymilk. Bunya had no 11SA4, less 11S and more 7S and therefore a lower 11S/7S ratio. CONCLUSION Both variety and processing conditions affect textural properties and water loss of silken tofu. The absence of 11SA4 and subsequent protein subunit compositions are important in determining these two key quality attributes. Variety Bunya produces silken tofu with firmer texture and lower water loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijun Yang
- CSIRO Plant Industry, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia.
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Gu Z, Dang TT, Ma M, Tang BC, Cheng H, Jiang S, Dong Y, Zhang Y, Anderson DG. Glucose-responsive microgels integrated with enzyme nanocapsules for closed-loop insulin delivery. ACS Nano 2013; 7:6758-66. [PMID: 23834678 DOI: 10.1021/nn401617u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A glucose-responsive closed-loop insulin delivery system represents the ideal treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus. In this study, we develop uniform injectable microgels for controlled glucose-responsive release of insulin. Monodisperse microgels (256 ± 18 μm), consisting of a pH-responsive chitosan matrix, enzyme nanocapsules, and recombinant human insulin, were fabricated through a one-step electrospray procedure. Glucose-specific enzymes were covalently encapsulated into the nanocapsules to improve enzymatic stability by protecting from denaturation and immunogenicity as well as to minimize loss due to diffusion from the matrix. The microgel system swelled when subjected to hyperglycemic conditions, as a result of the enzymatic conversion of glucose into gluconic acid and protonation of the chitosan network. Acting as a self-regulating valve system, microgels were adjusted to release insulin at basal release rates under normoglycemic conditions and at higher rates under hyperglycemic conditions. Finally, we demonstrated that these microgels with enzyme nanocapsules facilitate insulin release and result in a reduction of blood glucose levels in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Tsuji A, Tominaga K, Nishiyama N, Yuasa K. Comprehensive enzymatic analysis of the cellulolytic system in digestive fluid of the Sea Hare Aplysia kurodai. Efficient glucose release from sea lettuce by synergistic action of 45 kDa endoglucanase and 210 kDa ß-glucosidase. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65418. [PMID: 23762366 PMCID: PMC3675134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many endo-ß-1,4-glucanases have been isolated in invertebrates, their cellulolytic systems are not fully understood. In particular, gastropod feeding on seaweed is considered an excellent model system for production of bioethanol and renewable bioenergy from third-generation feedstocks (microalgae and seaweeds). In this study, enzymes involved in the conversion of cellulose and other polysaccharides to glucose in digestive fluids of the sea hare (Aplysia kurodai) were screened and characterized to determine how the sea hare obtains glucose from sea lettuce (Ulva pertusa). Four endo-ß-1,4-glucanases (21K, 45K, 65K, and 95K cellulase) and 2 ß-glucosidases (110K and 210K) were purified to a homogeneous state, and the synergistic action of these enzymes during cellulose digestion was analyzed. All cellulases exhibited cellulase and lichenase activities and showed distinct cleavage specificities against cellooligosaccharides and filter paper. Filter paper was digested to cellobiose, cellotriose, and cellotetraose by 21K cellulase, whereas 45K and 65K enzymes hydrolyzed the filter paper to cellobiose and glucose. 210K ß-glucosidase showed unique substrate specificity against synthetic and natural substrates, and 4-methylumbelliferyl (4MU)-ß-glucoside, 4MU–ß-galactoside, cello-oligosaccharides, laminarin, and lichenan were suitable substrates. Furthermore, 210K ß-glucosidase possesses lactase activity. Although ß-glucosidase and cellulase are necessary for efficient hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose to glucose, laminarin is hydrolyzed to glucose only by 210K ß-glucosidase. Kinetic analysis of the inhibition of 210K ß-glucosidase by D-glucono-1,5-lactone suggested the presence of 2 active sites similar to those of mammalian lactase-phlorizin hydrolase. Saccharification of sea lettuce was considerably stimulated by the synergistic action of 45K cellulase and 210K ß-glucosidase. Our results indicate that 45K cellulase and 210K ß-glucosidase are the core components of the sea hare digestive system for efficient production of glucose from sea lettuce. These findings contribute important new insights into the development of biofuel processing biotechnologies from seaweed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Tsuji
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
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Pallagi A, Tasi ÁG, Peintler G, Forgo P, Pálinkó I, Sipos P. Complexation of Al(iii) with gluconate in alkaline to hyperalkaline solutions: formation, stability and structure. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:13470-6. [PMID: 23897548 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51401c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Attila Pallagi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
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40
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Hu H, Fan X, Zhou Z, Xu X, Fan G, Wang L, Huang X, Pan S, Zhu L. Acid-induced gelation behavior of soybean protein isolate with high intensity ultrasonic pre-treatments. Ultrason Sonochem 2013; 20:187-95. [PMID: 22925550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
High intensity ultrasonic (HUS, 20 kHz, 400 W) pre-treatments of soybean protein isolate (SPI) improved the water holding capacity (WHC), gel strength and gel firmness (final elastic moduli) of glucono-δ-lactone induced SPI gels (GISG). Sonication time (0, 5, 20, and 40 min) had a significant effect on the above three properties. 20 min HUS-GISG had the highest WHC (95.53 ± 0.25%), gel strength (60.90 ± 2.87 g) and gel firmness (96340Pa), compared with other samples. Moreover, SH groups and non-covalent interactions of GISG also changed after HUS pre-treatments. The HUS GISG had denser and more uniform microstructures than the untreated GISG. Rheological investments showed that the cooling step (reduce the temperature from 95 to 25 °C at a speed of 2 °C/min) was more important for the HUS GISG network formation while the heat preservation step (keep temperature at 95 for 20 min) was more important for the untreated GISG. HUS reduced the particle size of SPI and Pearson correlation test showed that the particle size of SPI dispersions was negatively correlated with WHC, gel strength and gel firmness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
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Candel I, Aznar E, Mondragón L, de la Torre C, Martínez-Máñez R, Sancenón F, Marcos MD, Amorós P, Guillem C, Pérez-Payá E, Costero A, Gil S, Parra M. Amidase-responsive controlled release of antitumoral drug into intracellular media using gluconamide-capped mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Nanoscale 2012; 4:7237-7245. [PMID: 23072883 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr32062b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
MCM-41 silica nanoparticles were used as inorganic scaffolding to prepare a nanoscopic-capped hybrid material S1, which was able to release an entrapped cargo in the presence of certain enzymes, whereas in the absence of enzymes, a zero release system was obtained. S1 was prepared by loading nanoparticles with Safranine O dye and was then capped with a gluconamide derivative. In the absence of enzymes, the release of the dye from the aqueous suspensions of S1 was inhibited as a result of the steric hindrance imposed by the bulky gluconamide derivative, the polymerized gluconamide layer and the formation of a dense hydrogen-bonded network around the pore outlets. Upon the addition of amidase and pronase enzymes, delivery of Safranine O dye was observed due to the enzymatic hydrolysis of the amide bond in the anchored gluconamide derivative. S1 nanoparticles were not toxic for cells, as demonstrated by cell viability assays using HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines, and were associated with lysosomes, as shown by confocal microscopy. Finally, the S1–CPT material loaded with the cytotoxic drug camptothecin and capped with the gluconamide derivative was prepared. The HeLa cells treated with S1–CPT underwent cell death as a result of material internalization, and of the subsequent cellular enzyme-mediated hydrolysis and aperture of the molecular gate, which induced the release of the camptothecin cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Candel
- Centro de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Unidad Mixta Universitat Politècnica de València-Universitat de València, Spain
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42
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Yan LY, Chen H, Li P, Kim DH, Chan-Park MB. Finely dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes for polysaccharide hydrogels. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2012; 4:4610-4615. [PMID: 22909447 DOI: 10.1021/am300985p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Here we demonstrate a polysaccharide hydrogel reinforced with finely dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) using biocompatible dispersants O-carboxymethylchitosan (OC) and chondroitin sulfate A (CS-A) as a structural support. Both of the dispersants can disperse SWNTs in aqueous solutions and hydrogel matrix as individual tubes or small bundles. Additionally, we have found that compressive modulus and strain of the hydrogels reinforced with SWNTs were enhanced as much as two times by the addition of a few weight percent of SWNTs. Moreover, the SWNT-incorporated hydrogels exhibited lower impedance and higher charge capacity than the alginate/dispersant hydrogel without SWNTs. The OC and the CS-A demonstrated much higher reinforcing enhancement than a commercially available dispersant, sodium dodecyl sulfate. Combined with the experimental data on the mechanical and electrical properties, the biocompatibility of OC and CS-A can provide the possibility of biomedical application of the SWNT-reinforced hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yu Yan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637457, Singapore
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43
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Li X, Fang Y, Al-Assaf S, Phillips GO, Yao X, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Zhang K, Jiang F. Complexation of bovine serum albumin and sugar beet pectin: structural transitions and phase diagram. Langmuir 2012; 28:10164-10176. [PMID: 22697399 DOI: 10.1021/la302063u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The complexation between bovine serum albumin (BSA) and sugar beet pectin (SBP) was studied in situ by coupling glucono-δ-lactone (GDL) induced acidification with dynamic light scattering and turbidity measurements. Individual measurements at specific pHs and mixing ratios were also carried out using zeta potentiometry, gel permeation chromatography-multiangle laser light scattering (GPC-MALLS), and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). These investigations together enabled the establishment of a phase diagram of BSA/SBP and the identification of the molecular events during protein/polysaccharide complexation in relation to the phase diagram, which showed five regions: (I) a stable region of mixed individual soluble polymers, (II) a stable region of intramolecular soluble complexes, (III) a quasi-stable region of intermolecular soluble complexes, (IV) an unstable region of intermolecular insoluble complexes, and (V) a second stable region of mixed individual soluble polymers, on lowering pH. We found for the first time that the complexation could take place well above the critical pH(c), the value that most previous studies had regarded as the onset occurrence of complexation. A model of structural transitions between the regions was proposed. The borderline between region II and region III represents the BSA/SBP stoichiometry for intramolecular soluble complex at a specific pH, while that between region III and region IV identifies the composition of the intermolecular insoluble complex. Also studied was the effect of NaCl and CaCl(2) on the phase diagram and structural transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Li
- Glyn O. Phillips Hydrocolloid Research Centre at HUT, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
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44
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Fan Z, Wu W, Hildebrand A, Kasuga T, Zhang R, Xiong X. A novel biochemical route for fuels and chemicals production from cellulosic biomass. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31693. [PMID: 22384058 PMCID: PMC3285643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The conventional biochemical platform featuring enzymatic hydrolysis involves five key steps: pretreatment, cellulase production, enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation, and product recovery. Sugars are produced as reactive intermediates for subsequent fermentation to fuels and chemicals. Herein, an alternative biochemical route is proposed. Pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis and cellulase production is consolidated into one single step, referred to as consolidated aerobic processing, and sugar aldonates are produced as the reactive intermediates for biofuels production by fermentation. In this study, we demonstrate the viability of consolidation of the enzymatic hydrolysis and cellulase production steps in the new route using Neurospora crassa as the model microorganism and the conversion of cellulose to ethanol as the model system. We intended to prove the two hypotheses: 1) cellulose can be directed to produce cellobionate by reducing β-glucosidase production and by enhancing cellobiose dehydrogenase production; and 2) both of the two hydrolysis products of cellobionate—glucose and gluconate—can be used as carbon sources for ethanol and other chemical production. Our results showed that knocking out multiple copies of β-glucosidase genes led to cellobionate production from cellulose, without jeopardizing the cellulose hydrolysis rate. Simulating cellobiose dehydrogenase over-expression by addition of exogenous cellobiose dehydrogenase led to more cellobionate production. Both of the two hydrolysis products of cellobionate: glucose and gluconate can be used by Escherichia coli KO 11 for efficient ethanol production. They were utilized simultaneously in glucose and gluconate co-fermentation. Gluconate was used even faster than glucose. The results support the viability of the two hypotheses that lay the foundation for the proposed new route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Fan
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America.
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Li F, Kong X, Zhang C, Hua Y. Rheological properties and permeability of soy protein-stabilised emulsion gels made by acidification with glucono-δ-lactone. J Sci Food Agric 2011; 91:2186-2191. [PMID: 21656774 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2010] [Revised: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soy protein, an important efficient emulsifier, is widely used by the food industry for incorporation into milk, yogurts, ice cream, salad dressings, dessert products, etc. The objective of this study was to investigate the rheological and physical properties of soy protein-stabilised emulsion gels as affected by protein concentration and gelation temperature. RESULTS The rheological properties and permeability were determined using oscillatory rheometry, permeability and whey separation. The modulus (G' and G″), fracture stress and fracture strain of acid-induced emulsion gels after 20 h of glucono-δ-lactone addition depended strongly on soy protein concentration and gelation temperature. At increasing soy protein concentrations, acid-induced emulsion gels had shorter gelation times but higher storage moduli (G'), fracture stresses and strains. Increasing gelation temperature decreased the gelation time, G', fracture stresses and strains. Permeability and whey separation were significantly affected by the protein concentration and the gelation temperature. A significant positive correlation was observed between whey separation and permeability coefficient in emulsion gels formed at different temperatures. CONCLUSION The rheological properties and permeability of soy protein-stabilised emulsion gels were significantly influenced by protein concentration and gelation temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, PR China
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Osorio-Román IO, Ortega-Vásquez V, Vargas C V, Aroca RF. Surface-enhanced spectra on D-gluconic acid coated silver nanoparticles. Appl Spectrosc 2011; 65:838-843. [PMID: 21819772 DOI: 10.1366/11-06279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Coated silver (Ag) colloids synthesized with D-glucose permit the observation of surface-enhanced fluorescence (SEF) and surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) of the rhodamine B (RhB) molecule. The organic coating formed during the synthesis of the Ag nanostructures was identified by its surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectrum as D-gluconic acid. The RhB molecule is used to exemplify the distance dependence of SEF and SERRS on the coated Ag nanostructures. The fluorescence enhancement factor for RhB on D-gluconic acid coated silver nanoparticles was determined experimentally and estimated using a simple model. Further support for the plasmon enhancement is obtained from the fact that the measured fluorescence lifetime of RhB on the silver coated with D-gluconic acid is shorter than that found on a glass surface. A very modest enhancement factor is obtained, as expected for very short distance between RhB and the metal surface. Given the very thin metal-fluorophore separation, estimated from the size of the D-gluconic acid, the energy transfer or fluorescence quenching is still efficient and the SEF enhancement is just overcoming the energy transfer. Therefore, both SEF and SERRS are observed. Notably, the aggregation of coated nanoparticles also increases the enhancement factor for SEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor O Osorio-Román
- Departamento de Quimica Inorganica, Facultad de Quimica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.
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Tang CH, Chen L, Foegeding EA. Mechanical and water-holding properties and microstructures of soy protein isolate emulsion gels induced by CaCl2, glucono-δ-lactone (GDL), and transglutaminase: influence of thermal treatments before and/or after emulsification. J Agric Food Chem 2011; 59:4071-4077. [PMID: 21381784 DOI: 10.1021/jf104834m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties, water-holding capacities (WHC), and microstructures of emulsion gels, induced by glucono-δ-lactone (GDL), CaCl(2), and microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) from unheated and heated soy protein isolate (SPI)-stabilized emulsions (at protein concentration 5%, w/v; oil volume fraction, 20%, w/v), were investigated and compared. The influence of thermal pretreatments (at 90 °C for 5 min) before and/or after emulsification was evaluated. Considerable differences in mechanical, water-holding, and microstructural properties were observed among various emulsion gels. The thermal pretreatment after emulsification increased the strength of the emulsion gels induced by GDL and CaCl(2), whereas in the case of MTGase, thermal pretreatments before and/or after emulsification on the contrary greatly inhibited gel network formation. The application of the enzyme coagulant exhibited much higher potential to form SPI-stabilized emulsion gels with higher mechanical strength than that of the other two coagulants. The WHC of the emulsion gels seemed to be not directly related to their gel network strength. Confocal laser scanning microscope analyses indicated that the network microstructure of the formed emulsion gels, mainly composed of aggregated protein-stabilized oil droplets and protein aggregate clumps, varied with the type of applied coagulants and emulsions. The differences in microstructure were basically consistent with the differences in mechanical properties of the gels. These results could provide valuable information for the formation of cold-set soy protein-stabilized emulsion gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-He Tang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Li J, Walker CE, Faubion JM. Acidulant and oven type affect total anthocyanin content of blue corn cookies. J Sci Food Agric 2011; 91:38-43. [PMID: 20848670 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Revised: 07/31/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthocyanins, pink to purple water-soluble flavonoids, are naturally occurring pigments with claimed health benefits. However, they are sensitive to degradation by high pH, light and temperature. Blue corn (maize) contains high levels of anthocyanins. Cookies are popular snacks and might serve as a vehicle to deliver antioxidants. A cookie formula with a high level of blue corn was developed with added acidulents and baked in ovens with different heat transfer coefficients. RESULTS The best whole-grain blue corn flour/wheat pastry flour ratio (80:20 w/w), guar gum level (10 g kg(-1), flour weight basis) and water level (215 g kg(-1), flour weight basis) were determined based on response surface methodology analysis. The interactions of citric and lactic acids and glucono-δ-lactone with three oven types having different heat transfer coefficients (impingement oven 179 °C/4 min, reel oven 204 °C/10 min and convection oven 182 °C/4 min) influenced the total anthocyanin content (TAC) remaining in blue corn-containing cookies after baking. CONCLUSION Cookies baked with citric acid in the convection oven retained the maximum TAC (227 ± 3 mg kg(-1)). By baking rapidly at lower temperatures and adding acidulents, it may be possible to increase residual natural source antioxidants in baked foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of Grain Science & Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-2201, USA
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Lee CM, Jang D, Cheong SJ, Kim EM, Jeong MH, Kim SH, Kim DW, Lim ST, Sohn MH, Jeong HJ. Surface engineering of quantum dots for in vivo imaging. Nanotechnology 2010; 21:285102. [PMID: 20562480 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/28/285102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gluconic acid (GA) conjugation on the biodistribution of cysteamine-capped quantum dots (amino-QDots) in vivo. Cadmium selenide/zinc sulfide (CdSe/ZnS) was capped with cysteamine through a thiol exchange method, and different amounts of GA were conjugated to the amine groups of cysteamine via the formation of an amide bond. The emission maxima of the synthesized QDots, the amino-QDots and the GA-conjugated amine-QDots (GA-QDots) were located at 720, 600 and 610 nm, respectively. In the cell viability studies, the GA-QDots showed very low toxicity against CHO cells as compared to the cytotoxicity of the amino-QDots. The QDots were next intravenously injected into normal mice and then we performed ex vivo optical imaging. The majority of the amino-QDots were accumulated in the lung. In contrast, the GA-QDots were cleared out of the body through the kidney. Therefore, we expect that the conjugation of GA onto the amino-QDots can create opportunities for using amino-QDots for in vivo imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Moon Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-712, Republic of Korea
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Blaga AC, Galaction AI, Caşcaval D. [Selective separation of vitamin C and 2-ketogluconic acid by facilitated pertraction]. Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi 2010; 114:921-927. [PMID: 21243823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The removal of vitamin C from a mixture with 2-ketogluconic acid by using a bulk liquid membrane (BLM) has been investigated. The studies on facilitated pertraction of vitamin C with Amberlite LA-2 indicated the major parameters that affect the separation efficiency: pH gradient between the two aqueous phases, carrier concentration in the liquid membrane and phase mixing intensity. The overall results obtained in this work showed that liquid membrane system can effectively be used to selectively separate vitamin C from its mixture with the fermentation by-product, 2-ketogluconic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Cristina Blaga
- Departamentul de Inginerie organică, şi biochimică, Facultatea de Inginerie Chimică şi Protecţia Mediului, Universitatea Tehnică Gh. Asachi Iaşi
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