1
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Charles-Achille S, Janot JM, Cayrol B, Balme S. Influence of Seed structure on Volume distribution of α-Synuclein Oligomer at Early Stages of Aggregation using nanopipette. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300748. [PMID: 38240074 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Understanding α-synuclein aggregation is crucial in the context of Parkinson's disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of aggregation induced by preformed seeding on the volume of oligomers during the early stages, using a label-free, single-molecule characterization approach. By utilizing nanopipettes of varying sizes, the volume of the oligomers can be calculated from the amplitude of the current blockade and pipette geometry. Further investigation of the aggregates formed over time in the presence of added seeds revealed an acceleration in the formation of large aggregates and the existence of multiple distinct populations of oligomers. Additionally, we observed that spontaneously formed seeds inhibited the formation of smaller oligomers, in contrast to the effect of HNE seeds. These results suggest that the seeds play a crucial role in the formation of oligomers and their sizes during the early stages of aggregation, whereas the classical thioflavin T assay remains negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saly Charles-Achille
- Institut Européen des Membranes, UMR5635 University of Montpellier ENCSM CNRS, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Jean-Marc Janot
- Institut Européen des Membranes, UMR5635 University of Montpellier ENCSM CNRS, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Bastien Cayrol
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Sebastien Balme
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, 34000, Montpellier, France
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2
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Khatri S, Pandey P, Mejia G, Ghimire G, Leng F, He J. Nanoconfinement and Crowding Enhanced Single-Molecule Detection of Small Molecules with Nanopipettes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:28075-28084. [PMID: 37996390 PMCID: PMC11036617 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Glass nanopipettes have gained widespread use as a versatile single-entity detector in chemical and biological sensing, analysis, and imaging. Its advantages include low cost, easy accessibility, simplicity of use, and high versatility. However, conventional nanopipettes based on the volume exclusion mechanism have limitations in detecting small biomolecules due to their small volume and high mobility in aqueous solution. To overcome this challenge, we have employed a novel approach by capitalizing on the strong nanoconfinement effect of nanopipettes. This is achieved by utilizing both the hard confinement provided by the long taper nanopipette tip at the cis side and the soft confinement offered by the hydrogel at the trans side. Through this approach, we have effectively slowed down the exit motion of small molecules, allowing us to enrich and jam them at the nanopipette tip. Consequently, we have achieved high throughput detection of small biomolecules with sizes as small as 1 nm, including nucleoside triphosphates, short peptides, and small proteins with excellent signal-to-noise ratios. Furthermore, molecular complex formation through specific intermolecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonding between closely spaced nucleotides in the jam-packed nanopipette tip, has been detected based on the unique ionic current changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Khatri
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - Popular Pandey
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - German Mejia
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
- Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - Govinda Ghimire
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - Fenfei Leng
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
- Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - Jin He
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
- Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
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3
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Lv J, Wang XY, Zhou XY, Wu X, Chang S, Chen BB, Guo ZQ, Li DW, Qian RC. Spatiotemporal Controlled Formation of Synthetic Nanoreactors in Single Living Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37880972 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Cellular compartments provide confined environments for spatiotemporal control of biological processes and enzymatic reactions. To mimic such compartmentalization of eukaryotic cells, we report an efficient and general platform to precisely control the formation of artificial nanoreactors in single living cells. We introduce an electroosmotic controlled strategy for the synthesis of ZIF-8 at the nanoscale liquid-liquid interface around the tip of a nanopipet, whereby the formed ZIF-8 nanoparticles are driven into a single living cell by the electroosmotic flow. The porous ZIF-8 nanoparticles, as synthetic nanoreactors, are not only able to harvest fluorescent molecules from peripheral cytoplasm but also perform the subsequent photocatalytic degradation, mimicking compartmentalized chemical reactions in eukaryotic cells. Our strategy provides a useful tool for spatiotemporal controlled synthesis of artificial nanoreactors with on-demand functions in single living cells with versatile applications in chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lv
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Joint International Laboratory for Precision Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Joint International Laboratory for Precision Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Yue Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Joint International Laboratory for Precision Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xue Wu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Joint International Laboratory for Precision Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Chang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Joint International Laboratory for Precision Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Bin-Bin Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 2001 Longxiang Boulevard, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Zhi-Qian Guo
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Joint International Laboratory for Precision Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Da-Wei Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Joint International Laboratory for Precision Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Ruo-Can Qian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Joint International Laboratory for Precision Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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4
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Kolmogorov V, Erofeev A, Vaneev A, Gorbacheva L, Kolesov D, Klyachko N, Korchev Y, Gorelkin P. Scanning Ion-Conductance Microscopy for Studying Mechanical Properties of Neuronal Cells during Local Delivery of Glutamate. Cells 2023; 12:2428. [PMID: 37887273 PMCID: PMC10604991 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical properties of neuronal cells have a key role for growth, generation of traction forces, adhesion, migration, etc. Mechanical properties are regulated by chemical signaling, neurotransmitters, and neuronal ion exchange. Disturbance of chemical signaling is accompanied by several diseases such as ischemia, trauma, and neurodegenerative diseases. It is known that the disturbance of chemical signaling, like that caused by glutamate excitotoxicity, leads to the structural reorganization of the cytoskeleton of neuronal cells and the deviation of native mechanical properties. Thus, to investigate the mechanical properties of living neuronal cells in the presence of glutamate, it is crucial to use noncontact and low-stress methods, which are the advantages of scanning ion-conductance microscopy (SICM). Moreover, a nanopipette may be used for the local delivery of small molecules as well as for a probe. In this work, SICM was used as an advanced technique for the simultaneous local delivery of glutamate and investigation of living neuronal cell morphology and mechanical behavior caused by an excitotoxic effect of glutamate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilii Kolmogorov
- Research Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”, Moscow 119049, Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander Erofeev
- Research Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”, Moscow 119049, Russia
| | - Alexander Vaneev
- Research Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”, Moscow 119049, Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Lyubov Gorbacheva
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Faculty of Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Dmitry Kolesov
- Research Laboratory of SPM, Moscow Polytechnic University, Moscow 107023, Russia
| | - Natalia Klyachko
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Yuri Korchev
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Petr Gorelkin
- Research Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”, Moscow 119049, Russia
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5
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Stuber A, Douaki A, Hengsteler J, Buckingham D, Momotenko D, Garoli D, Nakatsuka N. Aptamer Conformational Dynamics Modulate Neurotransmitter Sensing in Nanopores. ACS Nano 2023; 17:19168-19179. [PMID: 37721359 PMCID: PMC10569099 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Aptamers that undergo conformational changes upon small-molecule recognition have been shown to gate the ionic flux through nanopores by rearranging the charge density within the aptamer-occluded orifice. However, mechanistic insight into such systems where biomolecular interactions are confined in nanoscale spaces is limited. To understand the fundamental mechanisms that facilitate the detection of small-molecule analytes inside structure-switching aptamer-modified nanopores, we correlated experimental observations to theoretical models. We developed a dopamine aptamer-functionalized nanopore sensor with femtomolar detection limits and compared the sensing behavior with that of a serotonin sensor fabricated with the same methodology. When these two neurotransmitters with comparable mass and equal charge were detected, the sensors showed an opposite electronic behavior. This distinctive phenomenon was extensively studied using complementary experimental techniques such as quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring, in combination with theoretical assessment by the finite element method and molecular dynamic simulations. Taken together, our studies demonstrate that the sensing behavior of aptamer-modified nanopores in detecting specific small-molecule analytes correlates with the structure-switching mechanisms of individual aptamers. We believe that such investigations not only improve our understanding of the complex interactions occurring in confined nanoscale environments but will also drive further innovations in biomimetic nanopore technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annina Stuber
- Laboratory
of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Ali Douaki
- Instituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Julian Hengsteler
- Laboratory
of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Denis Buckingham
- Laboratory
of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Dmitry Momotenko
- Department
of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University
of Oldenburg, Oldenburg D-26129, Germany
| | - Denis Garoli
- Instituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Nako Nakatsuka
- Laboratory
of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
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6
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Hengsteler J, Kanes KA, Khasanova L, Momotenko D. Beginner's Guide to Micro- and Nanoscale Electrochemical Additive Manufacturing. Annu Rev Anal Chem (Palo Alto Calif) 2023; 16:71-91. [PMID: 37068744 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091522-122334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical additive manufacturing is an advanced microfabrication technology capable of producing features of almost unlimited geometrical complexity. A unique combination of the capacity to process conductive materials, design freedom, and micro- to nanoscale resolution offered by these electrochemical techniques promises tremendous opportunities for a multitude of future applications spanning microelectronics, sensing, robotics, and energy storage. This review aims to equip readers with the basic principles of electrochemical 3D printing at the small length scale. By describing the basic principles of electrochemical additive manufacturing technology and using the recent advances in the field, this beginner's guide illustrates how controlling the fundamental phenomena that underpin the print process can be used to vary dimensions, morphology, and microstructure of printed structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Hengsteler
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karuna Aurel Kanes
- Department of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany;
| | - Liaisan Khasanova
- Department of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany;
| | - Dmitry Momotenko
- Department of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany;
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7
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Shi XM, Xu YT, Wang B, Li Z, Yu SY, Dong H, Zhao WW, Jiang D, Chen HY, Xu JJ. An Integrated Dual-Functional Nanotool Capable of Studying Single-Cell Epigenetics and Programmable Gene Regulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202302930. [PMID: 37189290 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202302930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell epigenetics is envisioned to decipher manifold epigenetic phenomena and to contribute to our accurate knowledge about basic epigenetic mechanisms. Engineered nanopipette technology has gained momentum in single-cell study, whereas solutions to epigenetic study remain unachieved. This study addresses the challenge by exploring N6-methyladenine (m6A)-bearing deoxyribozyme (DNAzyme) confined within nanopipette for profiling representative m6A modifying enzyme of fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO). Electroosmotic intracellular extraction of FTO could remove the m6A and cause DNAzyme cleavage, leading to the altered ionic current signal. Because the cleavage can release a DNA sequence, we simultaneously program it as an antisense strand against FTO-mRNA, intracellular injection of which has been shown to induce early stage apoptosis. This nanotool thus features the dual functions of studying single-cell epigenetics and programmable gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bing Wang
- Nanjing University, Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Zheng Li
- Nanjing University, Chemistry, CHINA
| | | | - Hang Dong
- Nanjing University, Chemistry, CHINA
| | | | | | | | - Jing-Juan Xu
- Najing University, Chemistry, Xianlin Ave. 163, , 210023, Nanjing, CHINA
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8
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Takahashi Y, Takamatsu D, Korchev Y, Fukuma T. Correlative Analysis of Ion-Concentration Profile and Surface Nanoscale Topography Changes Using Operando Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy. JACS Au 2023; 3:1089-1099. [PMID: 37124299 PMCID: PMC10131198 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Although various spectroscopic methods have been developed to capture ion-concentration profile changes, it is still difficult to visualize the ion-concentration profile and surface topographical changes simultaneously during the charging/discharging of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). To tackle this issue, we have developed an operando scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) method that can directly visualize an ion-concentration profile and surface topography using a SICM nanopipette while controlling the sample potential or current with a potentiostat for characterizing the polarization state during charging/discharging. Using operando SICM on the negative electrode (anode) of LIBs, we have characterized ion-concentration profile changes and the reversible volume changes related to the phase transition during cyclic voltammetry (CV) and charge/discharge of the graphite anode. Operando SICM is a versatile technique that is likely to be of major value for evaluating the correlation between the electrolyte concentration profile and nanoscale surface topography changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasufumi Takahashi
- Department
of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- WPI
Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Daiko Takamatsu
- Center
for Exploratory Research, Research &
Development Group, Hitachi, Ltd., Hatoyama-machi, Saitama 350-0395, Japan
| | - Yuri Korchev
- WPI
Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- Department
of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Takeshi Fukuma
- WPI
Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- Division
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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9
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Marcuccio F, Soulias D, Chau CCC, Radford SE, Hewitt E, Actis P, Edwards MA. Mechanistic Study of the Conductance and Enhanced Single-Molecule Detection in a Polymer-Electrolyte Nanopore. ACS Nanosci Au 2023; 3:172-181. [PMID: 37096230 PMCID: PMC10119975 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.2c00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state nanopores have been widely employed in the detection of biomolecules, but low signal-to-noise ratios still represent a major obstacle in the discrimination of nucleic acid and protein sequences substantially smaller than the nanopore diameter. The addition of 50% poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG) to the external solution is a simple way to enhance the detection of such biomolecules. Here, we demonstrate with finite-element modeling and experiments that the addition of PEG to the external solution introduces a strong imbalance in the transport properties of cations and anions, drastically affecting the current response of the nanopore. We further show that the strong asymmetric current response is due to a polarity-dependent ion distribution and transport at the nanopipette tip region, leading to either ion depletion or enrichment for few tens of nanometers across its aperture. We provide evidence that a combination of the decreased/increased diffusion coefficients of cations/anions in the bath outside the nanopore and the interaction between a translocating molecule and the nanopore-bath interface is responsible for the increase in the translocation signals. We expect this new mechanism to contribute to further developments in nanopore sensing by suggesting that tuning the diffusion coefficients of ions could enhance the sensitivity of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Marcuccio
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, U.K.
- Bragg
Centre for Materials Research, University
of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Dimitrios Soulias
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, U.K.
- Bragg
Centre for Materials Research, University
of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Chalmers C. C. Chau
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, U.K.
- Bragg
Centre for Materials Research, University
of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, U.K.
- School
of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural
Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Sheena E. Radford
- School
of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural
Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Eric Hewitt
- School
of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural
Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Paolo Actis
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, U.K.
- Bragg
Centre for Materials Research, University
of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Martin Andrew Edwards
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas72701, United States
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10
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Chau C, Marcuccio F, Soulias D, Edwards MA, Tuplin A, Radford SE, Hewitt E, Actis P. Probing RNA Conformations Using a Polymer-Electrolyte Solid-State Nanopore. ACS Nano 2022; 16:20075-20085. [PMID: 36279181 PMCID: PMC9798860 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanopore systems have emerged as a leading platform for the analysis of biomolecular complexes with single-molecule resolution. The conformation of biomolecules, such as RNA, is highly dependent on the electrolyte composition, but solid-state nanopore systems often require high salt concentration to operate, precluding analysis of macromolecular conformations under physiologically relevant conditions. Here, we report the implementation of a polymer-electrolyte solid-state nanopore system based on alkali metal halide salts dissolved in 50% w/v poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG) to augment the performance of our system. We show that polymer-electrolyte bath governs the translocation dynamics of the analyte which correlates with the physical properties of the salt used in the bath. This allowed us to identify CsBr as the optimal salt to complement PEG to generate the largest signal enhancement. Harnessing the effects of the polymer-electrolyte, we probed the conformations of the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) RNA genome fragments under physiologically relevant conditions. Our system was able to fingerprint CHIKV RNA fragments ranging from ∼300 to ∼2000 nt length and subsequently distinguish conformations between the co-transcriptionally folded and the natively refolded ∼2000 nt CHIKV RNA. We envision that the polymer-electrolyte solid-state nanopore system will further enable structural and conformational analyses of individual biomolecules under physiologically relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chalmers Chau
- School
of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural
Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- Bragg
Centre for Materials Research, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Fabio Marcuccio
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- Bragg
Centre for Materials Research, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Dimitrios Soulias
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- Bragg
Centre for Materials Research, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Martin Andrew Edwards
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Andrew Tuplin
- School
of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural
Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Sheena E. Radford
- School
of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural
Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Eric Hewitt
- School
of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural
Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Paolo Actis
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- Bragg
Centre for Materials Research, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
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11
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Pandey P, Bhattarai N, Su L, Wang X, Leng F, Gerst-man B, Chapagain PP, He J. Detecting Individual Proteins and Their Surface Charge Variations in Solution by the Potentiometric Nanoimpact Method. ACS Sens 2022; 7:555-563. [PMID: 35060380 PMCID: PMC10631516 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c02385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Label-free detection and analysis of proteins in their natural form and their dynamic interactions with substrates at the single-molecule level are important for both fundamental studies and various applications. Herein, we demonstrate a simple potentiometric method to achieve this goal by detecting the native charge of protein in solution by utilizing the principle of single-entity electrochemistry techniques. When a charged protein moves near the vicinity of a floating carbon nanoelectrode connected to a high-impedance voltage meter, the distinct local electrostatic potential changes induced by the transient collision event of protein, also called the "nanoimpact" event, can be captured by the nanoelectrode as a potential probe. This potentiometric method is highly sensitive for charged proteins, and low-molecular-weight proteins less than 10 kDa can be detected in low-salt-concentration electrolytes. By analyzing the shape and magnitude of the recorded time-resolved potential change and its time derivative, we can reveal the charge and motion of the protein in the nonspecific protein-surface interaction event. The charge polarity variations of the proteins at different pH values were also successfully probed. Compared with synthetic spherical nanoparticles, the statistical analysis of many single-molecule nanoimpact events revealed a large variation in the recorded transient potential signals, which may be attributed to the intrinsic protein dynamics and surface charge heterogeneity, as suggested by the finite element method and molecular dynamic simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Popular Pandey
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - Nisha Bhattarai
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - Linjia Su
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - Fenfei Leng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - Bernard Gerst-man
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - Prem P. Chapagain
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - Jin He
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
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12
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Zhang R, Liu X, Zeng Q, Shen H, Wang L. Studies on the Morphology Effect on Catalytic Ability of a Single MnO 2 Catalyst Particle with a Solid Nanopipette. ACS Sens 2022; 7:338-344. [PMID: 35005900 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c02729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Investigating the catalytic ability of an individual catalyst particle helps to understand heterogeneity and can provide new insights into the synthesis of high-efficiency catalysts. Solid-state nanopores have become a promising tool for detecting single molecules/particles due to their high temporal and spatial resolution. Here, we report a nanopore-based strategy for the evaluation and comparison of a single MnO2 catalyst particle with different morphologies by monitoring the generated O2 bubbles from the catalytic decomposition of H2O2. The finite element simulation was introduced to account for the flow velocity and bubble-induced current variation in the nanopore. In particular, the differences in catalytic ability of spherical and cubic MnO2 have been studied by calculating the production rate and volume of O2. It demonstrates that the shape of a single MnO2 catalyst particle has a significant effect on its catalytic activity indeed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Xuye Liu
- Shantou Institute for Food Inspection, Shantou 515000, China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Huanhuan Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Lishi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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13
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Hengsteler J, Mandal B, van Nisselroy C, Lau GPS, Schlotter T, Zambelli T, Momotenko D. Bringing Electrochemical Three-Dimensional Printing to the Nanoscale. Nano Lett 2021; 21:9093-9101. [PMID: 34699726 PMCID: PMC8587881 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale 3D printing is attracting attention as an alternative manufacturing technique for a variety of applications from electronics and nanooptics to sensing, nanorobotics, and energy storage. The constantly shrinking critical dimension in state-of-the-art technologies requires fabrication of complex conductive structures with nanometer resolution. Electrochemical techniques are capable of producing impurity-free metallic conductors with superb electrical and mechanical properties, however, true nanoscale resolution (<100 nm) remained unattainable. Here, we set new a benchmark in electrochemical 3D printing. By employing nozzles with dimensions as small as 1 nm, we demonstrate layer-by-layer manufacturing of 25 nm diameter voxels. Full control of the printing process allows adjustment of the feature size on-the-fly, printing tilted, and overhanging structures. On the basis of experimental evidence, we estimate the limits of electrochemical 3D printing and discuss the origins of this new resolution frontier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Hengsteler
- Laboratory
of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Barnik Mandal
- Laboratory
of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Cathelijn van Nisselroy
- Laboratory
of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Genevieve P. S. Lau
- School
of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Division of Chemistry and Biological
Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
| | - Tilman Schlotter
- Laboratory
of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Tomaso Zambelli
- Laboratory
of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Dmitry Momotenko
- Laboratory
of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland
- Department
of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University
of Oldenburg, Oldenburg D-26129, Germany
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14
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Iwata F, Shirasawa T, Mizutani Y, Ushiki T. Scanning ion-conductance microscopy with a double-barreled nanopipette for topographic imaging of charged chromosomes. Microscopy (Oxf) 2021; 70:423-435. [PMID: 33644794 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfab009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) is useful for imaging soft and fragile biological samples in liquids because it probes the samples' surface topography by detecting ion currents under non-contact and force-free conditions. SICM acquires the surface topographical height by detecting the ion current reduction that occurs when an electrolyte-filled glass nanopipette approaches the sample surface. However, most biological materials have electrically charged surfaces in liquid environments, which sometimes affect the behavior of the ion currents detected by SICM and, especially, make topography measurements difficult. For measuring such charged samples, we propose a novel imaging method that uses a double-barrel nanopipette as an SICM probe. The ion current between the two apertures of the nanopipette desensitizes the surface charge effect on imaging. In this study, metaphase chromosomes of Indian muntjac were imaged by this technique because, owing to their strongly negatively charged surfaces in phosphate-buffered saline, it is difficult to obtain the topography of the chromosomes by the conventional SICM with a single-aperture nanopipette. Using the proposed method with a double-barrel nanopipette, the surfaces of the chromosomes were successfully measured, without any surface charge confounder. Since the detailed imaging of sample topography can be performed in physiological liquid conditions regardless of the sample charge, it is expected to be used for analyzing the high-order structure of chromosomes in relation to their dynamic changes in the cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Futoshi Iwata
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan.,Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8011, Japan
| | - Tatsuru Shirasawa
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
| | - Yusuke Mizutani
- Office of Institutional Research, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0808, Japan.,Division of Microscopic Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Ushiki
- Division of Microscopic Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
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15
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Huang M, Yu L, Zhang M, Wang Z, Xiao B, Liu Y, He J, Chang S. Developing Longer-Lived Single Molecule Junctions with a Functional Flexible Electrode. Small 2021; 17:e2101911. [PMID: 34292668 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Creating single-molecule junctions with a long-lived lifetime at room temperature is an open challenge. Finding simple and efficient approaches to increase the durability of single-molecule junction is also of practical value in molecular electronics. Here it is shown that a flexible gold-coated nanopipette electrode can be utilized in scanning tunneling microscope (STM) break-junction measurements to efficiently enhance the stability of molecular junctions by comparing with the measurements using conventional solid gold probes. The stabilizing effect of the flexible electrode displays anchor group dependence, which increases with the binding energy between the anchor group and gold. An empirical model is proposed and shows that the flexible electrode could promote stable binding geometries at the gold-molecule interface and slow down the junction breakage caused by the external perturbations, thereby extending the junction lifetime. Finally, it is demonstrated for the first time that the internal conduit of the flexible STM tip can be utilized for the controlled molecule delivery and molecular junction formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, the Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, College of Materials and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China
- Department of Physics, Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Lei Yu
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, the Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, College of Materials and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China
| | - Mingyang Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, the Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, College of Materials and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, the Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, College of Materials and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China
| | - Bohuai Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, the Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, College of Materials and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China
| | - Yichong Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, the Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, College of Materials and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China
| | - Jin He
- Department of Physics, Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Shuai Chang
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, the Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, College of Materials and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China
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16
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Abstract
Understanding the dynamic behavior of charged particles driven by flow and electric field in nanochannels/pores is highly important for both fundamental study and practical applications. While a great breakthrough has been made in understanding the translocation dynamics of charged particles within the nanochannels/pores, studies on the dynamics of particles at the orifice of nanochannels/pores are scarcely reported. Here, we study particle motion at a smaller-sized orifice of a nanopipette by combining experimentally observed current transients with simulated force conditions. The theoretical force analysis reveals that dielectrophoretic force plays an equally important role as electrophoretic force and electroosmotic force, although it has often been neglected in understanding the particle translocation dynamics within the nanopipette. Under the combined action of these forces, it thus becomes difficult for particles to physically collide with the orifice of the nanopipette, resulting in a relatively low decrease in the current transients, which coincides with experimental results. We then regulate the dynamic behavior by altering experimental conditions (i.e., bias potential, nanopipette surface charge, and particle size), and the results further validate the presence and influence of forces being considered. This study improves the understanding of the relationship between particle properties and observed current transients, providing more possibilities for accurate single-particle analysis and single-entity regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Tianyi Xiong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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17
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Yu SY, Ruan YF, Liu YL, Han DM, Zhou H, Zhao WW, Jiang D, Xu JJ, Chen HY. Photocontrolled Nanopipette Biosensor for ATP Gradient Electroanalysis of Single Living Cells. ACS Sens 2021; 6:1529-1535. [PMID: 33847485 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Emerging nanopipette tools have demonstrated substantial potential for advanced single-cell analysis, which plays vital roles from fundamental cellular biology to biomedical diagnostics. Highly recyclable nanopipettes with easy and quick regeneration are of special interest for precise and multiple measurements. However, existing recycle strategies are generally plagued by operational complexity and limited efficiency. Light, acting in a noncontact way, should be the ideal external stimulus to address this issue. Herein, we present the photocontrolled nanopipette capable of probing cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) gradient at single-cell level with good sensitivity, selectivity, and reversibility, which stems from the use of ATP-specific azobenzene (Azo)-incorporated DNA aptamer strands (AIDAS) and thereby the sensible transduction of variable nanopore size by the ionic currents passing through the aperture. Photoisomerized conformational change of the AIDAS by alternative UV/vis light stimulation ensures its noninvasive regeneration and repeated detection. Inducement and inhibition of the cellular ATP could also be probed by this nanosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yi-Fan Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yi-Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - De-Man Han
- Engineering Research Center of Recycling & Comprehensive Utilization of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Waste of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Dechen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jing-Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hong-Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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18
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Pandey P, Ghimire G, Garcia J, Rubfiaro A, Wang X, Tomitaka A, Nair M, Kaushik A, He J. Single-Entity Approach to Investigate Surface Charge Enhancement in Magnetoelectric Nanoparticles Induced by AC Magnetic Field Stimulation. ACS Sens 2021; 6:340-347. [PMID: 32449356 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Magneto-electric nanoparticles (MENPs), composed of a piezoelectric shell and a ferromagnetic core, exhibited enhanced cell uptake and controlled drug release due to the enhanced localized electric field (surface charge/potential) and the generation of acoustics, respectively, upon applying alternating current (AC) magnetic (B)-field stimulation. This research, for the first time, implements an electrochemical single-entity approach to probe AC B-field induced strain mediated surface potential enhancement on MENP surface. The surface potential changes at the single-NP level can be probed by the open circuit potential changes of the floating carbon nanoelectrode (CNE) during the MENP-CNE collision events. The results confirmed that the AC B-field (60 Oe) stimulation caused localized surface potential enhancement of MENP. This observation is associated with the presence of a piezoelectric shell, whereas magnetic nanoparticles were found unaffected under identical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Popular Pandey
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Govinda Ghimire
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Javier Garcia
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Alberto Rubfiaro
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Asahi Tomitaka
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Madhavan Nair
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Department of Natural Sciences, Division of Sciences, Art, & Mathematics, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, Florida 33805, United States
| | - Jin He
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
- Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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19
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Abstract
Nanopores hold great potential for the analysis of complex biological molecules at the single-entity level. One particularly interesting macromolecular machine is the ribosome, responsible for translating mRNAs into proteins. In this study, we use a solid-state nanopore to fingerprint 80S ribosomes and polysomes from a human neuronal cell line andDrosophila melanogaster cultured cells and ovaries. Specifically, we show that the peak amplitude and dwell time characteristics of 80S ribosomes are distinct from polysomes and can be used to discriminate ribosomes from polysomes in mixed samples. Moreover, we are able to distinguish large polysomes, containing more than seven ribosomes, from those containing two to three ribosomes, and demonstrate a correlation between polysome size and peak amplitude. This study highlights the application of solid-state nanopores as a rapid analytical tool for the detection and characterization of ribosomal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukhil Raveendran
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Anna Rose Leach
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Tayah Hopes
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
- LeedsOmics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Julie L. Aspden
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
- LeedsOmics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Paolo Actis
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
- LeedsOmics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
- Bragg Centre for Materials Research, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
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20
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Xu X, Jia J, Guo M. The Most Recent Advances in the Application of Nano-Structures/Nano-Materials for Single-Cell Sampling. Front Chem 2020; 8:718. [PMID: 32974282 PMCID: PMC7469254 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The research in endogenous biomolecules from a single cell has grown rapidly in recent years since it is critical for dissecting and scrutinizing the complexity of heterogeneous tissues, especially under pathological conditions, and it is also of key importance to understand the biological processes and cellular responses to various perturbations without the limitation of population averaging. Although conventional techniques, such as micromanipulation or cell sorting methods, are already used along with subsequent molecular examinations, it remains a big challenge to develop new approaches to manipulate and directly extract small quantities of cytosol from single living cells. In this sense, nanostructure or nanomaterial may play a critical role in overcoming these challenges in cellular manipulation and extraction of very small quantities of cells, and provide a powerful alternative to conventional techniques. Since the nanostructures or nanomaterial could build channels between intracellular and extracellular components across cell membrane, through which cytosol could be pumped out and transferred to downstream analyses. In this review, we will first brief the traditional methods for single cell analyses, and then shift our focus to some most promising methods for single-cell sampling with nanostructures, such as glass nanopipette, nanostraw, carbon nanotube probes and other nanomaterial. In this context, particular attentions will be paid to their principles, preparations, operations, superiorities and drawbacks, and meanwhile the great potential of nano-materials for single-cell sampling will also be highlighted and prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Jianbo Jia
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Mingquan Guo
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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21
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Abstract
Developing new methods and techniques for the size analysis of particles in a solution is highly desirable not only for the industrial screening of particles but also for single biological entity analysis (e.g., single cells or single vesicles). Herein, we report a new technique for sizing single particles in a solution with a nanopipette. The rationale is essentially based on ion-current blockage when the particles approach the proximity of a nanopipette orifice. By rationally controlling the geometry of the nanopipette and the applied potential, the spike-type ion current transient generated from the motion of particles in the process of "collision and departure" is employed for sizing single particles. The results show that both the relative ion-current change (ΔI/I0) and the dwell time (Δt) of spike-type transient are dependent on particle size. Differently, Δt is also related to an externally applied voltage. Statistical analysis shows that ΔI/I0 is proportional to the particle diameter, and this linear relationship is further understood by finite-element simulations. This study not only provides a new principle for sizing single particles in a solution but also is helpful to understand the motion of a particle near the orifice of the nanopipette.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Cong Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tienan Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Xuwei Chen
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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22
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Chau C, Radford SE, Hewitt EW, Actis P. Macromolecular Crowding Enhances the Detection of DNA and Proteins by a Solid-State Nanopore. Nano Lett 2020; 20:5553-5561. [PMID: 32559088 PMCID: PMC7357865 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanopore analysis of nucleic acid is now routine, but detection of proteins remains challenging. Here, we report the systematic characterization of the effect of macromolecular crowding on the detection sensitivity of a solid-state nanopore for circular and linearized DNA plasmids, globular proteins (β-galactosidase), and filamentous proteins (α-synuclein amyloid fibrils). We observe a remarkable ca. 1000-fold increase in the molecule count for the globular protein β-galactosidase and a 6-fold increase in peak amplitude for plasmid DNA under crowded conditions. We also demonstrate that macromolecular crowding facilitates the study of the topology of DNA plasmids and the characterization of amyloid fibril preparations with different length distributions. A remarkable feature of this method is its ease of use; it simply requires the addition of a macromolecular crowding agent to the electrolyte. We therefore envision that macromolecular crowding can be applied to many applications in the analysis of biomolecules by solid-state nanopores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chalmers
C. Chau
- School
of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural
Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Sheena E. Radford
- School
of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural
Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Eric W. Hewitt
- School
of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural
Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Paolo Actis
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
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23
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Abstract
Solid-state nanopores and nanopipettes are an exciting class of single-molecule sensors that has grown enormously over the last two decades. They offer a platform for testing fundamental concepts of stochasticity and transport at the nanoscale, for studying single-molecule biophysics and, increasingly, also for new analytical applications and in biomedical sensing. This review covers some fundamental aspects underpinning sensor operation and transport and, at the same time, it aims to put these into context as an analytical technique. It highlights new and recent developments and discusses some of the challenges lying ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Albrecht
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom;
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24
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Bulbul G, Liu G, Vithalapur NR, Atilgan C, Sayers Z, Pourmand N. Employment of Iron-Binding Protein from Haemophilus influenzae in Functional Nanopipettes for Iron Monitoring. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:1970-1977. [PMID: 30346707 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the serious neurologic consequences of iron deficiency and iron excess in the brain, interest in the iron status of the central nervous system has increased significantly in the past decade. While iron plays an important role in many physiological processes, its accumulation may lead to diseases such as Huntington's, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's. Therefore, it is important to develop methodologies that can monitor the presence of iron in a selective and sensitive manner. In this paper, we first showed the synthesis and characterization of the iron-binding protein (FBP) from Haemophilus influenzae, specific for ferrous ions. Subsequently, we employed this protein in our nanopipette platform and utilized it in functionalized nanoprobes to monitor the presence of ferrous ions. A suite of characterization techniques: absorbance spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and small-angle X-ray scattering were used for FBP. The functionalized Fe-nanoprobe calibrated in ferrous chloride enabled detection from 0.05 to 10 μM, and the specificity of the modified iron probe was evaluated by using various metal ion solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonca Bulbul
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Goksin Liu
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Namrata Rao Vithalapur
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Canan Atilgan
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zehra Sayers
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nader Pourmand
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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25
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An S, Jhe W. Nanopipette/Nanorod-Combined Quartz Tuning Fork⁻Atomic Force Microscope. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:E1794. [PMID: 30991660 DOI: 10.3390/s19081794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a nanopipette/quartz tuning fork (QTF)–atomic force microscope (AFM) for nanolithography and a nanorod/QTF–AFM for nanoscratching with in situ detection of shear dynamics during performance. Capillary-condensed nanoscale water meniscus-mediated and electric field-assisted small-volume liquid ejection and nanolithography in ambient conditions are performed at a low bias voltage (~10 V) via a nanopipette/QTF–AFM. We produce and analyze Au nanoparticle-aggregated nanowire by using nanomeniscus-based particle stacking via a nanopipette/QTF–AFM. In addition, we perform a nanoscratching technique using in situ detection of the mechanical interactions of shear dynamics via a nanorod/QTF–AFM with force sensor capability and high sensitivity.
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26
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Ivanova R, Benton DCH, Munye MM, Rangseesorranan S, Hart SL, Moss GWJ. A Nanosensor Toolbox for Rapid, Label-Free Measurement of Airway Surface Liquid and Epithelial Cell Function. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:8731-8739. [PMID: 30648848 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b14122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ciliated lung epithelial cells and the airway surface liquid (ASL) comprise one of the body's most important protective systems. This system is finely tuned, and perturbations to ASL rheology, ASL depth, ASL pH, the transepithelial potential, and the cilia beat frequency are all associated with disease pathology. Further, these apparently distinct properties interact with each other in a complex manner. For example, changes in ASL rheology can result from altered mucin secretion, changes in ASL pH, or changes in ASL depth. Thus, one of the great challenges in trying to understand airway pathology is that the properties of the ASL/epithelial cell system need to be assessed near-simultaneously and without perturbing the sample. Here, we show that nanosensor probes mounted on a scanning ion conductance microscope make this possible for the first time, without any need for labeling. We also demonstrate that ASL from senescence-retarded human bronchial epithelial cells retains its native properties. Our results demonstrate that by using a nanosensor approach, it is possible to pursue faster, more accurate, more coherent, and more informative studies of ASL and airway epithelia in health and disease.
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27
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Jayant K, Wenzel M, Bando Y, Hamm JP, Mandriota N, Rabinowitz JH, Plante IJL, Owen JS, Sahin O, Shepard KL, Yuste R. Flexible Nanopipettes for Minimally Invasive Intracellular Electrophysiology In Vivo. Cell Rep 2019; 26:266-278.e5. [PMID: 30605681 PMCID: PMC7263204 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular recordings in vivo remains the best technique to link single-neuron electrical properties to network function. Yet existing methods are limited in accuracy, throughput, and duration, primarily via washout, membrane damage, and movement-induced failure. Here, we introduce flexible quartz nanopipettes (inner diameters of 10-25 nm and spring constant of ∼0.08 N/m) as nanoscale analogs of traditional glass microelectrodes. Nanopipettes enable stable intracellular recordings (seal resistances of 500 to ∼800 MΩ, 5 to ∼10 cells/nanopipette, and duration of ∼1 hr) in anaesthetized and awake head-restrained mice, exhibit minimal diffusional flux, and facilitate precise recording and stimulation. When combined with quantum-dot labels and microprisms, nanopipettes enable two-photon targeted electrophysiology from both somata and dendrites, and even paired recordings from neighboring neurons, while permitting simultaneous population imaging across cortical layers. We demonstrate the versatility of this method by recording from parvalbumin-positive (Pv) interneurons while imaging seizure propagation, and we find that Pv depolarization block coincides with epileptic spread. Flexible nanopipettes present a simple method to procure stable intracellular recordings in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Jayant
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; NeuroTechnology Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Michael Wenzel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; NeuroTechnology Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Yuki Bando
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; NeuroTechnology Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jordan P Hamm
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; NeuroTechnology Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Nicola Mandriota
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jake H Rabinowitz
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Ilan Jen-La Plante
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; NeuroTechnology Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jonathan S Owen
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; NeuroTechnology Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Ozgur Sahin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; NeuroTechnology Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Kenneth L Shepard
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; NeuroTechnology Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Rafael Yuste
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; NeuroTechnology Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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28
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Salançon E, Tinland B. Filling nanopipettes with apertures smaller than 50 nm: dynamic microdistillation. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2018; 9:2181-2187. [PMID: 30202688 PMCID: PMC6122277 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Using nanopipettes with very small apertures (<10 nm) is a good way to improve the spatial resolution in scanning conductance experiments, to monitor single-molecule delivery and to strain long molecules stretching during translocation. However, such nanopipettes can be difficult to fill. Here we describe a dynamic microdistillation technique that successfully fills all nanopipettes, whatever their shape or tip radius. Even elongated or bent nanopipettes with a small-angle tip are completely filled using this new technique. The nanopipettes are first filled with pure water, which is later replaced with the desired electrolyte via electromigration. Electrical measurements are used to check that filling is complete.
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29
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Ozel RE, Bulbul G, Perez J, Pourmand N. Functionalized Quartz Nanopipette for Intracellular Superoxide Sensing: A Tool for Monitoring Reactive Oxygen Species Levels in Single Living Cell. ACS Sens 2018; 3:1316-1321. [PMID: 29893547 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide radical anions, are vital components in numerous biological functions, including cell signaling and immune responses. Since ROS react with other biomolecules and oxidize them quickly, it is essential for cells to have superoxide-scavenging enzymes and other regulating enzymes that can catalyze the dismutation of superoxide radical anions into less damaging molecules. Otherwise, ROS overproduction can cause oxidative damage to DNA, proteins, cells, and tissues, damage that is associated with the pathogenesis of a range of neurodegenerative disorders, age-related diseases, and cancer. Understanding the relationship between superoxide and these disorders can help the development of innovative therapies for combating oxidative stress and degeneration of nerve cells. Although methods to quantify ROS already exist, they are indirect, destructive, ambiguous, and/or cannot provide real-time measurements in single cells. In this paper, we report a technique for sensing superoxide radical anions in single living cells using functionalized nanopipettes. These nanopipettes allow us to enter the cell as we measure intracellular ROS concentrations over time. We observed that these devices provide precise real-time measurements that are accurate and not possible to obtain with other conventional techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rıfat Emrah Ozel
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Gonca Bulbul
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Joanna Perez
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Nader Pourmand
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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30
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Bulbul G, Chaves G, Olivier J, Ozel RE, Pourmand N. Nanopipettes as Monitoring Probes for the Single Living Cell: State of the Art and Future Directions in Molecular Biology. Cells 2018; 7:E55. [PMID: 29882813 PMCID: PMC6024992 DOI: 10.3390/cells7060055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Examining the behavior of a single cell within its natural environment is valuable for understanding both the biological processes that control the function of cells and how injury or disease lead to pathological change of their function. Single-cell analysis can reveal information regarding the causes of genetic changes, and it can contribute to studies on the molecular basis of cell transformation and proliferation. By contrast, whole tissue biopsies can only yield information on a statistical average of several processes occurring in a population of different cells. Electrowetting within a nanopipette provides a nanobiopsy platform for the extraction of cellular material from single living cells. Additionally, functionalized nanopipette sensing probes can differentiate analytes based on their size, shape or charge density, making the technology uniquely suited to sensing changes in single-cell dynamics. In this review, we highlight the potential of nanopipette technology as a non-destructive analytical tool to monitor single living cells, with particular attention to integration into applications in molecular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonca Bulbul
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
| | - Gepoliano Chaves
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
| | - Joseph Olivier
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
| | - Rifat Emrah Ozel
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
| | - Nader Pourmand
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
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31
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Yu Y, Sundaresan V, Bandyopadhyay S, Zhang Y, Edwards MA, McKelvey K, White HS, Willets KA. Three-Dimensional Super-resolution Imaging of Single Nanoparticles Delivered by Pipettes. ACS Nano 2017; 11:10529-10538. [PMID: 28968077 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b05902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Controlled three-dimensional positioning of nanoparticles is achieved by delivering single fluorescent nanoparticles from a nanopipette and capturing them at well-defined regions of an electrified substrate. To control the position of single nanoparticles, the force of the pressure-driven flow from the pipette is balanced by the attractive electrostatic force at the substrate, providing a strategy by which nanoparticle trajectories can be manipulated in real time. To visualize nanoparticle motion, a resistive-pulse electrochemical setup is coupled with an optical microscope, and nanoparticle trajectories are tracked in three dimensions using super-resolution fluorescence imaging to obtain positional information with precision in the tens of nanometers. As the particles approach the substrate, the diffusion kinetics are analyzed and reveal either subdiffusive (hindered) or superdiffusive (directed) motion depending on the electric field at the substrate and the pressure-driven flow from the pipette. By balancing the effects of the forces exerted on the particle by the pressure and electric fields, controlled, real-time manipulation of single nanoparticle trajectories is achieved. The developed approach has implications for a variety of applications such as surface patterning and drug delivery using colloidal nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Vignesh Sundaresan
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | | | - Yulun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Martin A Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Kim McKelvey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Henry S White
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Katherine A Willets
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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32
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Abstract
Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) is a nanopipette-based technique that has traditionally been used to image topography or to deliver species to an interface, particularly in a biological setting. This article highlights the recent blossoming of SICM into a technique with a much greater diversity of applications and capability that can be used either standalone, with advanced control (potential-time) functions, or in tandem with other methods. SICM can be used to elucidate functional information about interfaces, such as surface charge density or electrochemical activity (ion fluxes). Using a multi-barrel probe format, SICM-related techniques can be employed to deposit nanoscale three-dimensional structures and further functionality is realized when SICM is combined with scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), with simultaneous measurements from a single probe opening up considerable prospects for multifunctional imaging. SICM studies are greatly enhanced by finite-element method modelling for quantitative treatment of issues such as resolution, surface charge and (tip) geometry effects. SICM is particularly applicable to the study of living systems, notably single cells, although applications extend to materials characterization and to new methods of printing and nanofabrication. A more thorough understanding of the electrochemical principles and properties of SICM provides a foundation for significant applications of SICM in electrochemistry and interfacial science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Page
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- MOAC Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - David Perry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- MOAC Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Patrick R. Unwin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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33
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Wang Y, Wang D, Mirkin MV. Resistive-pulse and rectification sensing with glass and carbon nanopipettes. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2017; 473:20160931. [PMID: 28413354 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2016.0931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Along with more prevalent solid-state nanopores, glass or quartz nanopipettes have found applications in resistive-pulse and rectification sensing. Their advantages include the ease of fabrication, small physical size and needle-like geometry, rendering them useful for local measurements in small spaces and delivery of nanoparticles/biomolecules. Carbon nanopipettes fabricated by depositing a thin carbon layer on the inner wall of a quartz pipette provide additional means for detecting electroactive species and fine-tuning the current rectification properties. In this paper, we discuss the fundamentals of resistive-pulse sensing with nanopipettes and our recent studies of current rectification in carbon pipettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Dengchao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
| | - Michael V Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
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34
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Panday N, Qian G, Wang X, Chang S, Pandey P, He J. Simultaneous Ionic Current and Potential Detection of Nanoparticles by a Multifunctional Nanopipette. ACS Nano 2016; 10:11237-11248. [PMID: 27936572 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b06307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nanopore sensing-based technologies have made significant progress for single molecule and single nanoparticle detection and analysis. In recent years, multimode sensing by multifunctional nanopores shows the potential to greatly improve the sensitivity and selectivity of traditional resistive-pulse sensing methods. In this paper, we showed that two label-free electric sensing modes could work cooperatively to detect the motion of 40 nm diameter spherical gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in solution by a multifunctional nanopipette. The multifunctional nanopipettes containing both nanopore and nanoelectrode (pyrolytic carbon) at the tip were fabricated quickly and cheaply. We demonstrated that the ionic current and local electrical potential changes could be detected simultaneously during the translocation of individual GNPs. We also showed that the nanopore/CNE tip geometry enabled the CNE not only to detect the translocation of single GNP but also to collectively detect several GNPs outside the nanopore entrance. The dynamic accumulation of GNPs near the nanopore entrance resulted in no detectable current changes, but was detected by the potential changes at the CNE. We revealed the motions of GNPs both outside and inside the nanopore, individually and collectively, with the combination of ionic current and potential measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namuna Panday
- Physics Department and ∥Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University , Miami, Florida 33199, United States
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering and §College of Materials and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China
| | - Gongming Qian
- Physics Department and ∥Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University , Miami, Florida 33199, United States
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering and §College of Materials and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Physics Department and ∥Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University , Miami, Florida 33199, United States
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering and §College of Materials and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China
| | - Shuai Chang
- Physics Department and ∥Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University , Miami, Florida 33199, United States
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering and §College of Materials and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China
| | - Popular Pandey
- Physics Department and ∥Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University , Miami, Florida 33199, United States
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering and §College of Materials and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China
| | - Jin He
- Physics Department and ∥Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University , Miami, Florida 33199, United States
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering and §College of Materials and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China
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35
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Abstract
Nanopipettes are becoming extremely versatile and powerful tools in nanoscience for a wide variety of applications from imaging to nanoscale sensing. Herein, the capabilities of nanopipettes to build complex free-standing three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures are demonstrated using a simple double-barrel nanopipette device. Electrochemical control of ionic fluxes enables highly localized delivery of precursor species from one channel and simultaneous (dynamic and responsive) ion conductance probe-to-substrate distance feedback with the other for reliable high-quality patterning. Nanopipettes with 30-50 nm tip opening dimensions of each channel allowed confinement of ionic fluxes for the fabrication of high aspect ratio copper pillar, zigzag, and Γ-like structures, as well as permitted the subsequent topographical mapping of the patterned features with the same nanopipette probe as used for nanostructure engineering. This approach offers versatility and robustness for high-resolution 3D "printing" (writing) and read-out at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Momotenko
- Department of Chemistry and ‡MOAC Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick , Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley Page
- Department of Chemistry and ‡MOAC Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick , Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Adobes-Vidal
- Department of Chemistry and ‡MOAC Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick , Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick R Unwin
- Department of Chemistry and ‡MOAC Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick , Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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36
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Abstract
Ion transfer at the interface between immiscible electrolyte solutions offers many benefits to analytical chemistry, including the ability to detect nonredox active ionized analytes, to detect ions whose redox electrochemistry is accompanied by complications, and to separate ions based on electrocontrolled partition. Nanoscale miniaturization of such interfaces brings the benefits of enhanced mass transport, which in turn leads to improved analytical performance in areas such as sensitivity and limits of detection. This review discusses the development of such nanoscale interfaces between immiscible liquids and examines the analytical advances that have been made to date, including prospects for trace detection of ion concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien W M Arrigan
- Nanochemistry Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia;
| | - Yang Liu
- Nanochemistry Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia;
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37
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Zhang Y, Clausmeyer J, Babakinejad B, Córdoba AL, Ali T, Shevchuk A, Takahashi Y, Novak P, Edwards C, Lab M, Gopal S, Chiappini C, Anand U, Magnani L, Coombes RC, Gorelik J, Matsue T, Schuhmann W, Klenerman D, Sviderskaya EV, Korchev Y. Spearhead Nanometric Field-Effect Transistor Sensors for Single-Cell Analysis. ACS Nano 2016; 10:3214-3221. [PMID: 26816294 PMCID: PMC4933202 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b05211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanometric field-effect-transistor (FET) sensors are made on the tip of spear-shaped dual carbon nanoelectrodes derived from carbon deposition inside double-barrel nanopipettes. The easy fabrication route allows deposition of semiconductors or conducting polymers to comprise the transistor channel. A channel from electrodeposited poly pyrrole (PPy) exhibits high sensitivity toward pH changes. This property is exploited by immobilizing hexokinase on PPy nano-FETs to give rise to a selective ATP biosensor. Extracellular pH and ATP gradients are key biochemical constituents in the microenvironment of living cells; we monitor their real-time changes in relation to cancer cells and cardiomyocytes. The highly localized detection is possible because of the high aspect ratio and the spear-like design of the nano-FET probes. The accurately positioned nano-FET sensors can detect concentration gradients in three-dimensional space, identify biochemical properties of a single living cell, and after cell membrane penetration perform intracellular measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Zhang
- Department of Medicine, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Clausmeyer
- Analytical Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | | | | | - Tayyibah Ali
- Department of Medicine, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | | | - Yasufumi Takahashi
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Pavel Novak
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | | | - Max Lab
- Department of Cardiac Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Sahana Gopal
- Department of Medicine, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Ciro Chiappini
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Uma Anand
- Department of Medicine, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Magnani
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - R. Charles Coombes
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Gorelik
- Department of Cardiac Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Tomokazu Matsue
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
- Corresponding Authors (Wolfgang Schuhmann)
| | - David Klenerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- (David Klenerman)
| | - Elena V. Sviderskaya
- Cell Biology and Genetics Research Centre, St. George's
University of London, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom
- (Elena V. Sviderskaya)
| | - Yuri Korchev
- Department of Medicine, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- (Yuri Korchev)
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Nascimento RAS, Özel RE, Mak WH, Mulato M, Singaram B, Pourmand N. Single Cell "Glucose Nanosensor" Verifies Elevated Glucose Levels in Individual Cancer Cells. Nano Lett 2016; 16:1194-200. [PMID: 26752097 PMCID: PMC4887140 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Because the transition from oxidative phosphorylation to anaerobic glycolytic metabolism is a hallmark of cancer progression, approaches to identify single living cancer cells by their unique glucose metabolic signature would be useful. Here, we present nanopipettes specifically developed to measure glucose levels in single cells with temporal and spatial resolution, and we use this technology to verify the hypothesis that individual cancer cells can indeed display higher intracellular glucose levels. The nanopipettes were functionalized as glucose nanosensors by immobilizing glucose oxidase (GOx) covalently to the tip so that the interaction of glucose with GOx resulted in a catalytic oxidation of β-d-glucose to d-gluconic acid, which was measured as a change in impedance due to drop in pH of the medium at the nanopipette tip. Calibration studies showed a direct relationship between impedance changes at the tip and glucose concentration in solution. The glucose nanosensor quantified single cell intracellular glucose levels in human fibroblasts and the metastatic breast cancer lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 and revealed that the cancer cells expressed reproducible and reliable increases in glucose levels compared to the nonmalignant cells. Nanopipettes allow repeated sampling of the same cell, as cells remain viable during and after measurements. Therefore, nanopipette-based glucose sensors provide an approach to compare changes in glucose levels with changes in proliferative or metastatic state. The platform has great promise for mechanistic investigations, as a diagnostic tool to distinguish cancer cells from nonmalignant cells in heterogeneous tissue biopsies, as well as a tool for monitoring cancer progression in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael A. S. Nascimento
- Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-401, Brazil
| | - Rıfat Emrah Özel
- Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
- Corresponding Author: Tel.: +1-831-459-4382. Fax: +1-831-459-2891.
| | - Wai Han Mak
- Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Marcelo Mulato
- Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-401, Brazil
| | - Bakthan Singaram
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Nader Pourmand
- Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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Hennig S, van de Linde S, Bergmann S, Huser T, Sauer M. Quantitative Super-Resolution Microscopy of Nanopipette-Deposited Fluorescent Patterns. ACS Nano 2015; 9:8122-30. [PMID: 26173009 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b02220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We describe a method for the deposition of minute amounts of fluorophore-labeled oligonucleotides with high local precision in conductive and transparent solid layers of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) doped with glycerin and cysteamine (PVA-G-C layers). Deposition of negatively charged fluorescent molecules was accomplished with a setup based on a scanning ion conductance microscope (SICM) using nanopipettes with tip diameters of ∼100 nm by using the ion flux flowing between two electrodes through the nanopipette. To investigate the precision of the local deposition process, we performed in situ super-resolution microscopy by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM). Exploiting the single-molecule sensitivity and reliability of dSTORM, we determine the number of fluorescent molecules deposited in single spots. The correlation of applied charge and number of deposited molecules enables the quantification of delivered molecules by measuring the charge during the delivery process. We demonstrate the reproducible deposition of 3-168 fluorescent molecules in single spots and the creation of fluorescent structures. The fluorescent structures are highly stable and can be reused several times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Hennig
- Biomolecular Photonics, Department of Physics, University of Bielefeld , Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Sebastian van de Linde
- Department of Biotechnology & Biophysics, Biozentrum, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97075 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Bergmann
- Biomolecular Photonics, Department of Physics, University of Bielefeld , Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Thomas Huser
- Biomolecular Photonics, Department of Physics, University of Bielefeld , Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, NSF Center for Biophotonics, University of California, Davis , 2700 Stockton Boulevard, Suite 1400, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology & Biophysics, Biozentrum, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97075 Würzburg, Germany
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Abstract
Nanopipettes are playing an increasingly prominent role in nanoscience, for sizing, sequencing, delivery, detection, and mapping interfacial properties. Herein, the question of how to best resolve topography and surface charge effects when using a nanopipette as a probe for mapping in scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) is addressed. It is shown that, when a bias modulated (BM) SICM scheme is used, it is possible to map the topography faithfully, while also allowing surface charge to be estimated. This is achieved by applying zero net bias between the electrode in the SICM tip and the one in bulk solution for topographical mapping, with just a small harmonic perturbation of the potential to create an AC current for tip positioning. Then, a net bias is applied, whereupon the ion conductance current becomes sensitive to surface charge. Practically this is optimally implemented in a hopping-cyclic voltammetry mode where the probe is approached at zero net bias at a series of pixels across the surface to reach a defined separation, and then a triangular potential waveform is applied and the current response is recorded. Underpinned with theoretical analysis, including finite element modeling of the DC and AC components of the ionic current flowing through the nanopipette tip, the powerful capabilities of this approach are demonstrated with the probing of interfacial acid-base equilibria and high resolution imaging of surface charge heterogeneities, simultaneously with topography, on modified substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Perry
- †Department of Chemistry and ‡MOAC Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Rehab Al Botros
- †Department of Chemistry and ‡MOAC Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Dmitry Momotenko
- †Department of Chemistry and ‡MOAC Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie L Kinnear
- †Department of Chemistry and ‡MOAC Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick R Unwin
- †Department of Chemistry and ‡MOAC Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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Hennig S, van de Linde S, Lummer M, Simonis M, Huser T, Sauer M. Instant live-cell super-resolution imaging of cellular structures by nanoinjection of fluorescent probes. Nano Lett 2015; 15:1374-81. [PMID: 25533766 DOI: 10.1021/nl504660t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Labeling internal structures within living cells with standard fluorescent probes is a challenging problem. Here, we introduce a novel intracellular staining method that enables us to carefully control the labeling process and provides instant access to the inner structures of living cells. Using a hollow glass capillary with a diameter of <100 nm, we deliver functionalized fluorescent probes directly into the cells by (di)electrophoretic forces. The label density can be adjusted and traced directly during the staining process by fluorescence microscopy. We demonstrate the potential of this technique by delivering and imaging a range of commercially available cell-permeable and nonpermeable fluorescent probes to cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Hennig
- Biomolecular Photonics, Department of Physics and §Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Bielefeld University , Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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Actis P, Maalouf M, Kim HJ, Lohith A, Vilozny B, Seger RA, Pourmand N. Compartmental genomics in living cells revealed by single-cell nanobiopsy. ACS Nano 2014; 8:546-53. [PMID: 24279711 PMCID: PMC3946819 DOI: 10.1021/nn405097u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The ability to study the molecular biology of living single cells in heterogeneous cell populations is essential for next generation analysis of cellular circuitry and function. Here, we developed a single-cell nanobiopsy platform based on scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) for continuous sampling of intracellular content from individual cells. The nanobiopsy platform uses electrowetting within a nanopipette to extract cellular material from living cells with minimal disruption of the cellular milieu. We demonstrate the subcellular resolution of the nanobiopsy platform by isolating small subpopulations of mitochondria from single living cells, and quantify mutant mitochondrial genomes in those single cells with high throughput sequencing technology. These findings may provide the foundation for dynamic subcellular genomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nader Pourmand
- Corresponding Author: Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA , +1 (831) 502-7315
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Abstract
We describe ion distribution and the current-voltage (i-V) response of nanopipettes at different probe-to-substrate distances (Dps) as simulated by finite-element methods. Results suggest electrostatic interactions between a charged substrate and the nanopipette dominate electrophoretic ion transport through the nanopipette when Dps is within 1 order of magnitude of the Debye length (∼10 nm for a 1 mM solution as employed in the simulation). Ion current rectification (ICR) and permselectivity associated with a neutral or charged nanopipette can be reversibly enhanced or reduced dependent on Dps, charge polarity, and charge density (σ) of the substrate. Regulation of nanopipette current is a consequence of the enrichment or depletion of ions within the nanopipette interior, which influences conductivity of the nanopipette. When the external substrate is less negatively charged than the nanopipette, the substrate first reduces, and then enhances the ICR as Dps decreases. Surprisingly, both experimental and simulated data show that a neutral substrate was also able to reduce and reverse the ICR of a slightly negatively charged nanopipette. Simulated results ascribe such effects to the elimination of ion depletion within the nanopipette at positive potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niya Sa
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Wen-Jie Lan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Wenqing Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Lane A. Baker
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
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Vilozny B, Actis P, Seger RA, Pourmand N. Dynamic control of nanoprecipitation in a nanopipette. ACS Nano 2011; 5:3191-3197. [PMID: 21413733 PMCID: PMC3082981 DOI: 10.1021/nn200320b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Studying the earliest stages of precipitation at the nanoscale is technically challenging but quite valuable as such phenomena reflect important processes such as crystallization and biomineralization. Using a quartz nanopipette as a nanoreactor, we induced precipitation of an insoluble salt to generate oscillating current blockades. The reversible process can be used to measure both kinetics of precipitation and relative size of the resulting nanoparticles. Counter ions for the highly water-insoluble salt zinc phosphate were separated by the pore of a nanopipette and a potential applied to cause ion migration to the interface. By analyzing the kinetics of pore blockage, two distinct mechanisms were identified: a slower process due to precipitation from solution, and a faster process attributed to voltage-driven migration of a trapped precipitate. We discuss the potential of these techniques in studying precipitation dynamics, trapping particles within a nanoreactor, and electrical sensors based on nanoprecipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boaz Vilozny
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
- Advanced Studies Laboratories, UC Santa Cruz and NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States
| | - Paolo Actis
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
- Advanced Studies Laboratories, UC Santa Cruz and NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States
- Department of Biology, Texas Southern University, 3100 Cleburne Street, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - R. Adam Seger
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
- Advanced Studies Laboratories, UC Santa Cruz and NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States
| | - Nader Pourmand
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
- Advanced Studies Laboratories, UC Santa Cruz and NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States
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