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Liu D, Zhang Z, Song Y, Yang J, Lu Y, Lai W, Wu Z, Zhao D, Lin H, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Li S. Effects of salinity on growth, physiology, biochemistry and gut microbiota of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 258:106482. [PMID: 36924593 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) is among the most important freshwater fish species in China. However, it remained unclear how salinity could affect grass carp. Two experiments were performed. The first experiment was a 4-day acute salt tolerance experiment with six salinities (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 ppt). The second experiment was an 8-week chronic salt stress experiment with three salinities (0, 2 and 6 ppt). To investigate the intestinal bacterial community of grass carp from three salinities (0, 2, and 6 ppt), the 16S rDNA sequencing was performed. The results showed that grass carp exhibited great adaptability to low salinity (2 ppt), with no significant difference in growth and maintained stable physiological and immune status. However, exposed to high salinity (6 ppt) caused significant deleterious effects on grass carp, including growth inhibition as well as physiological and immune-related changes. The gut microbiota in grass carp changed with salinity. With the increase of salinity, the proportion of beneficial bacteria in the gut of grass carp gradually decreased, while some harmful bacteria gradually occupied the dominant position. Changes in gut microbial composition ultimately affected the growth of grass carp. This study helps further clarify the effects of salinity on grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingrui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhuowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yikun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jiayu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yuyou Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wenjie Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ziyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Guangzhou Chengyi aquaculture Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 511464, China
| | - Haoran Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Shuisheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Arunkumar D, Krishnani KK, Kumar N, Sarkar B, Upadhyay AK, Sawant PB, Chadha NK, Abisha R. Mitigating abiotic stresses using natural and modified stilbites synergizing with changes in oxidative stress markers in aquaculture. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023:10.1007/s10653-023-01507-w. [PMID: 36882549 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01507-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In-depth mineralogical understanding and characterization are necessary to explore potential applications of clinoptilolites. In this study, the clinoptilolite collected from quarries and identified as stilbite microscopically and spectroscopically was subjected to physical and chemical treatments for the synthesis of modified stilbites, which were further evaluated for determining their removal efficiencies on ammonical contaminant in a predetermined concentration range from various source of aquaculture water namely fish pond, aquaponics and ornamental under laboratory condition. High-resolution transmission electron microscope results revealed that stilbite was rod-shaped in all forms but physically modified stilbite contains some nano-zeolite particles, synthesized probably due to heat treatment. The natural zeolite (stilbite) and microwave sodium acetate treated stilbite were found to be most effective in ammonia removal, hence both these products were further evaluated for the removal of cadmium and lead under laboratory conditions and for the ammonia removal in fish pond water under wet lab conditions. The results showed that these zeolites at 10-100 mg/L and 100-200 mg/L had a better removal efficiency of ammonical and metallic contaminants, respectively. Fish samples were taken at particular intervals to determine oxidative stress parameters, i.e., superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activities were found to be increased in control fish samples without treatment due to abiotic stress caused by higher ammonia concentration. The levels of oxidative stress markers are decreased in the treatments with zeolite-stilbite which brings to light its potential efficiency in alleviating stress in fish. This study revealed the potential of natural and abundantly available native zeolite-stilbite and its chemically modified form in relieving ammonical stress from the aquaculture system. This work has potential applications for the environmental management of aquaculture, ornamental fisheries, and aquaponics.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Arunkumar
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Mumbai, Andheri (W), 400061, India
| | - K K Krishnani
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Mumbai, Andheri (W), 400061, India.
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune, 413115, India
| | - B Sarkar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, India
| | - A K Upadhyay
- ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, India
| | - P B Sawant
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Mumbai, Andheri (W), 400061, India
| | - N K Chadha
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Mumbai, Andheri (W), 400061, India
| | - R Abisha
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Mumbai, Andheri (W), 400061, India
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Chakraborty P, Krishnani KK. Emerging bioanalytical sensors for rapid and close-to-real-time detection of priority abiotic and biotic stressors in aquaculture and culture-based fisheries. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156128. [PMID: 35605873 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses of various chemical contamination of physical, inorganic, organic and biotoxin origin and biotic stresses of bacterial, viral, parasitic and fungal origins are the significant constraints in achieving higher aquaculture production. Testing and rapid detection of these chemical and microbial contaminants are crucial in identifying and mitigating abiotic and biotic stresses, which has become one of the most challenging aspects in aquaculture and culture-based fisheries. The classical analytical techniques, including titrimetric methods, spectrophotometric, mass spectrometric, spectroscopic, and chromatographic techniques, are tedious and sometimes inaccessible when required. The development of novel and improved bioanalytical methods for rapid, selective and sensitive detection is a wide and dynamic field of research. Biosensors offer precise detection of biotic and abiotic stressors in aquaculture and culture-based fisheries within no time. This review article allows filling the knowledge gap for detection and monitoring of chemical and microbial contaminants of abiotic and biotic origin in aquaculture and culture-based fisheries using nano(bio-) analytical technologies, including nano(bio-)molecular and nano(bio-)sensing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Chakraborty
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai 400061, India
| | - K K Krishnani
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai 400061, India.
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Liu Q, Xu X, Zeng J, Huang W, Xu X, Shou L, Chen Q. Development of marine water quality criteria for inorganic mercury in China based on the retrievable toxicity data and a comparison with relevant criteria or guidelines. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:412-421. [PMID: 30874993 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02032-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of marine water quality criteria (WQC) in China has been insufficient because data on the toxicity of pollutants for marine organisms based on the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) method are lacking. The Chinese aquatic environmental quality standards, including those for seawater, were derived from the developed countries. Therefore, establishing Chinese marine WQC is crucial for identifying the sensitivity of marine species in China and will improve their protection from threats. Mercury (Hg) is one of the primary pollutants commonly exceeding Chinese seawater quality standards. Several countries have developed their marine WQC for inorganic Hg in the past decades, but no study has been conducted in China. In this study, 45 acute toxicity and 14 chronic toxicity data of inorganic Hg on the marine species which inhabit in China were obtained mainly from the ECOTOX database, the CNKI, and the Google Scholar. The acute and chronic hazardous concentrations for 5% of the species (HC5) were calculated based on the best-fit distribution model Sweibull. The criteria for maximum and continuous concentrations of 1.30 and 0.66 μg/L, respectively, for inorganic Hg to protect marine organisms in China were derived by halving the HC5 values. The criteria were comparable to those of the United States, Australia, and the European Union countries, indicating the general applicability of WQCs developed based on the classical SSD method using different species groups. This study may provide valuable information for assessing marine ecological risk in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, No. 36, Baochu North Road, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Xiaoqun Xu
- Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, No. 36, Baochu North Road, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Jiangning Zeng
- Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, No. 36, Baochu North Road, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Ocean College of Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, No. 36, Baochu North Road, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Xudan Xu
- Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, No. 36, Baochu North Road, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Lu Shou
- Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, No. 36, Baochu North Road, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
| | - Quanzhen Chen
- Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, No. 36, Baochu North Road, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, 310012, China
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Mehmood MA, Qadri H, Bhat RA, Rashid A, Ganie SA, Dar GH. Heavy metal contamination in two commercial fish species of a trans-Himalayan freshwater ecosystem. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:104. [PMID: 30685798 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Toxic metals have disturbed the quality of freshwater ecosystems worldwide. The concentration of heavy metals was investigated in liver, gills and muscle tissues of Schizothorax niger and Cyprinus carpio captured from river Jhelum of Kashmir Himalaya. The heavy metals displayed a wide range of disparity in studied tissues, seasons, sites and species. Cu2+ exhibited the highest concentration (279.6 μg/kg) in the liver tissues of S. niger in autumn at site 2 and the lowest (53.1 μg/kg) in the gill tissues in winter at site 1. In C. carpio, the Cu2+ was recorded highest (309.4 μg/kg) in the liver tissues in autumn at site 2. The concentration of Zn2+ was found highest (575.7 μg/kg) in the liver tissues at site 2 and the lowest (65.8 μg/kg) was recorded in the muscle tissues in autumn at site 1. Zn2+ was recorded highest (416.6 μg/kg) in the liver tissues in autumn at site 3 and lowest (51.5 μg/kg) in the gills of C. carpio during winter at site 1 (control). The concentration of Pb2+ (14.42 μg/kg) and Fe2+ (323.9 μg/kg) was observed in the liver tissue and gills of S. niger at site 3. Similar levels of Pb2+ and Fe2+ were recorded in the tissues of C. carpio at different sites. Four-way ANOVA (four way) indicated a statistically significant variation (p ≤ 0.05) in heavy metals with the sites, seasons, species and organs. The study emphasises the utmost need to monitor the level of heavy metals in S. niger on a regular basis as this native fish species is showing a continuous decline in the freshwater ecosystems of Kashmir Valley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aneesul Mehmood
- Department of Environment and Water Management, Cluster University Srinagar, School of Sciences, Sri Pratap College Campus, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Humaira Qadri
- Department of Environment and Water Management, Cluster University Srinagar, School of Sciences, Sri Pratap College Campus, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Rouf Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Environment and Water Management, Cluster University Srinagar, School of Sciences, Sri Pratap College Campus, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Asmat Rashid
- Division of Environmental Sciences, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar Campus, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sartaj Ahmad Ganie
- Division of Environmental Sciences, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar Campus, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Gowhar Hamid Dar
- Department of Environment and Water Management, Cluster University Srinagar, School of Sciences, Sri Pratap College Campus, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Sall ML, Diaw AKD, Gningue-Sall D, Chevillot-Biraud A, Oturan N, Oturan MA, Aaron JJ. Removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution using electrosynthesized 4-amino-3-hydroxynaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid doped polypyrrole as adsorbent. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:21111-21127. [PMID: 28730362 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9713-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polypyrrole (PPy) conducting films, doped with 4-amino-3-hydroxynaphthalene sulfonic acid (AHNSA), were electrosynthesized by anodic oxidation of pyrrole on Pt and steel electrodes in aqueous medium (0.01 M AHNSA +0.007 M NaOH, using cyclic voltammetry (CV), and their electrochemical properties were studied. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy confirmed the formation of AHNSA-PPy films. Their morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and their optical properties, including UV-VIS absorption and fluorescence spectra, were also investigated. AHNSA-PPy films were used for the removal of chromium(VI) from aqueous solution, by means of the immersion method and the Cr(VI) electro-reduction method. The effect of various experimental parameters, including the adsorbent (polymer) mass, pH, type of electrodes, and current intensity, on the adsorption of chromium by the polymer was performed and optimized. The adsorption and electro-reduction of (Cr VI) on the AHNSA-PPy film surface were found to be highly pH-dependent, and the kinetics of Cr(VI) adsorption and electro-reduction followed second-order kinetic curves. Apparent second-order rate constants were about three times higher for the Cr(VI) electro-reduction method than for the immersion method, indicating that the use of electro-reduction method significantly accelerated the chromium adsorption process on polymer. The maximum adsorption capacity of the AHNSA-PPy film for chromium was 224 mg g-1. A 96% chromium removal from pure aqueous solution was reached within about 48 h by the immersion method, but only within about 6 h by the Cr(VI) electro-reduction method. Application of both methods to Cr(VI) fortified natural waters of Senegal led to chromium removal efficiency high values (93 to 96% according to the type of natural water).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Lamine Sall
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Organique et d'analyse Instrumentale, Département de Chimie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar BP 5005, Dakar-Fann, Senegal
- Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement, Université Paris-Est, EA4508, UPEM, 77454, Marne la Vallée, France
| | - Abdou Karim Diagne Diaw
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Organique et d'analyse Instrumentale, Département de Chimie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar BP 5005, Dakar-Fann, Senegal
| | - Diariatou Gningue-Sall
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Organique et d'analyse Instrumentale, Département de Chimie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar BP 5005, Dakar-Fann, Senegal
| | - Alexandre Chevillot-Biraud
- Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes (ITODYS), Université Paris 7-Denis Diderot - CNRS - UMR 7086, Bâtiment Lavoisier, 15 rue Jean de Baïf, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Nihal Oturan
- Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement, Université Paris-Est, EA4508, UPEM, 77454, Marne la Vallée, France
| | - Mehmet Ali Oturan
- Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement, Université Paris-Est, EA4508, UPEM, 77454, Marne la Vallée, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Aaron
- Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement, Université Paris-Est, EA4508, UPEM, 77454, Marne la Vallée, France.
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Krishnani KK. Lignocellulosic Wheat Straw-Derived Ion-Exchange Adsorbent for Heavy Metals Removal. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 178:670-86. [PMID: 26494139 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to develop partially delignified Ca(2+)-and-Mg(2+)-ion-exchanged product from lignocellulosic wheat straw for the removal of eight different heavy metals Pb(2+), Cd(2+), Hg(2+), Co(2+), Ni(2+), Mn(2+), Zn(2+), and Cu(2+) and for detoxification of Cr(VI). Maximum fixation capacity, pH, and initial metal concentration dependence were determined to confirm strong affinity of Pb(2+), Cd(2+), Cu(2+), Zn(2+), and Hg(2+) ions onto the product, whereas Co(2+), Ni(2+), and Mn(2+) were the least fixed. Morphology of the product characterized by scanning electron microscope showed its physical integrity. Different experimental approaches were applied to determine the role of cations such as Ca(2+), Mg(2+), and Na(+) and several functional groups present in the product in an ion exchange for the fixation of metal ions. Potentiometric titration and Scatchard and Dahlquist interpretation were employed for determination of binding site heterogeneity. Results showed strong and weak binding sites in the product. This product has advantages over other conventional processes by virtue of abundance, easy operational process, and cost reduction in waste disposal of its raw material.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Krishnani
- School of Edaphic Stress Management, National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Malegaon, Baramati, 413115, Dist Pune, India.
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Arndt A, Borella MI, Espósito BP. Toxicity of manganese metallodrugs toward Danio rerio. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 96:46-50. [PMID: 23916747 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Manganese is an essential metal which can be neurotoxic in some instances. As Mn-based metallodrugs are ever more prevalent in clinical practice, concern regarding the toxic effects of Mn discharges to water bodies on the biota prompted us to study the physicochemical parameters of these complexes and to assess their acute toxicity toward adult Danio rerio individuals, particularly in terms of brain tissue damage. Our results show that the Mn(III)-salen acetate complex EUK108 is toxic, which can be rationalized in terms of its lipophilicity, stability and redox activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Arndt
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo, Brazil
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Krishnani KK, Srinives S, Mohapatra BC, Boddu VM, Hao J, Meng X, Mulchandani A. Hexavalent chromium removal mechanism using conducting polymers. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 252-253:99-106. [PMID: 23507365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.01.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We report detoxification of Cr(VI) into Cr(III) using electrochemically synthesized polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole (PPY), PANI nanowires (PANI-NW) and palladium-decorated PANI (PANI-Pd) thin films. Percent Cr(VI) reduction was found to be decreased with an increase in pH from 1.8 to 6.8 and with initial Cr(VI) concentration ranging from 2.5 to 10mg/L. Efficacy of PANI increased at higher temp of 37 °C as compared to 30 °C. PANI-Pd was found to be most effective for all three initial Cr(VI) concentrations at pH 1.8. However, efficacy of PANI-Pd was significantly reduced at higher pHs of 5 and 6.8. Efficacy of PANI and PANI-NW was found to nearly the same. However, there was a significant reduction in effectiveness of PANI-NW at 10mg/L of Cr(VI) at all the three pHs studied, which could be attributed to degradation of PANI-NW by higher initial Cr(VI) concentration. PPY and PANI-NW were found to be highly sensitive with respect to pH and Cr(VI) initial concentration. Chromium speciation on PANI film was carried out by total chromium analysis and XPS, which revealed Cr(III) formation and its subsequent adsorption on the polymer. PANI-Pd and PANI are recommended for future sensor applications for chromium detection at low pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Krishnani
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Pacheco M, Santos MA, Pereira P, Martínez JI, Alonso PJ, Soares MJ, Lopes JC. EPR detection of paramagnetic chromium in liver of fish (Anguilla anguilla) treated with dichromate(VI) and associated oxidative stress responses-contribution to elucidation of toxicity mechanisms. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2013; 157:132-40. [PMID: 23142145 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The impact of chromium (Cr) on fish health has been the subject of numerous investigations, establishing a wide spectrum of toxicity, attributed particularly to the hexavalent form [Cr(VI)]. However, reports on the simultaneous assessment of Cr toxicity in fish and its toxico-kinetics, namely involving metal speciation, are scarce. Therefore, keeping in view the understanding of the mechanisms of Cr(VI) toxicity, this work intended to detect the formation of paramagnetic Cr species in liver of Anguilla anguilla following short-term dichromate(VI) intraperitoneal treatment (up to 180 min), assessing simultaneously the pro-oxidant properties. The formation of Cr(V) and Cr(III) was examined by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), as an innovative approach in the context of fish toxicology, and related with the levels of total Cr. Cr(V) was successfully detected and quantified by EPR spectrometry, showing a transient occurrence, mostly between 15 and 90 min post-injection, with a peak at 30 min. The limitations of EPR methodology towards the detection and quantification of Cr(III) were confirmed. Although Cr(VI) exposure induced the antioxidant system in the eel's liver, the oxidative deterioration of lipids was not prevented. Overall, the results suggested that Cr(V), as a short-lived species, did not appear to be directly and primarily responsible for the cellular damaging effects observed, since stress responses persisted up to the end of exposure regardless Cr(V) drastic decay. Though further research is needed, ROS mediated pathways (suggested by superoxide dismutase and catalase activity induction) and formation of Cr(III) complexes emerged as the most plausible mechanisms involved in Cr(VI) toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pacheco
- Biology Department of the University of Aveiro & CESAM, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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12
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Cao L, Huang W, Liu J, Ye Z, Dou S. Toxicity of short-term copper exposure to early life stages of red sea bream, Pagrus major. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2010; 29:2044-2052. [PMID: 20821662 DOI: 10.1002/etc.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Acute (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 mg Cu/L) and chronic (0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.10, 0.12 mg Cu/L) toxicity tests of Cu with embryonic and larval red sea bream, Pagrus major, were carried out to investigate their biological responses to Cu exposure in static water at 18 +/- 1 degrees C (dissolved organic carbon, 1.8 +/- 0.65 mg C/L; hardness, 6,183 +/- 360 mg CaCO3/L; salinity, 33 +/- 1 per thousand). The 24- and 48-h LC50 (median lethal concentration) values of Cu for embryos were 0.23 and 0.15 mg/L, whereas the 48-, 72-, and 96-h LC50 values for larvae were 0.52, 0.19, and 0.13 mg/L, respectively, suggesting that embryos were more sensitive to Cu toxicity than larvae. Copper exposures at > or =0.06 mg concentrations caused low hatching success, a delay in the time to hatching of embryos, and reductions in the growth and yolk absorption of the larvae, whereas high mortality and morphological malformations occurred in the embryos and larvae at > or =0.08 mg/L concentrations. Copper concentration did not significantly affect the heart rate of the embryos, but it significantly decreased the heart rate of the newly hatched larvae when the Cu concentration was > or =0.08 mg/L, suggesting that Cu at high concentrations could induce heartbeat disturbances in red sea bream more easily at the larval stage than at the embryonic stage. Hatching success, time to hatching, growth rate, morphological abnormality, yolk absorption, and heart rate were Cu concentration-dependent and could be effective endpoints for evaluating Cu toxicity to the early life stages of red sea bream in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
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Krishnani KK, Meng X, Dupont L. Metal ions binding onto lignocellulosic biosorbent. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2009; 44:688-99. [PMID: 19412851 DOI: 10.1080/10934520902847810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the use of a lignocellulosic biosorbent for the adsorption and ion exchange of nine different heavy metals ions. Batch isothermal equilibrium and continuous column adsorption experiments were carried out in an effort to evaluate the maximum adsorption capacity, pH dependence and to study the mechanism of removal of metal ions onto the biosorbent. Bio-sorption data were interpreted using Langmuir isotherm which reflect the influence of metal concentration on the uptake of the metal ion. Potentiometric titrations were used to determine the contents of total functional groups. The biosorbent showed the strongest affinity for Pb2+, Hg2+ and Cu2+. The metal ions such as Cd2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Co2+, and Mn2+ seemed to be exclusively involved in ion-exchange mechanism with Ca2+ ions. The column adsorption experiment of multiple metals revealed the role of another cation in effective removal of Pb2+, Hg2+ and Zn2+. The biosorbent has been found to be a good electron donor for the reduction of Cr(VI) in an acidic medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Krishnani
- Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, R.A. Puram, Chennai, India.
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Oliva M, Garrido M, Sales Márquez D, González de Canales M. Sublethal and lethal toxicity in juvenile Senegal sole (Solea senegalensis) exposed to copper: A preliminary toxicity range-finding test. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 61:113-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2008.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2008] [Revised: 06/04/2008] [Accepted: 06/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Jain M, Garg VK, Kadirvelu K. Chromium(VI) removal from aqueous system using Helianthus annuus (sunflower) stem waste. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 162:365-372. [PMID: 18579297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Revised: 05/09/2008] [Accepted: 05/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the Cr(VI) removal efficiency of sunflower waste from aqueous system under different process conditions. Two adsorbents were prepared by pre-treating the sunflower stem waste. One adsorbent was prepared by boiling it and second adsorbent was prepared by treating it with formaldehyde. Batch mode experiments were carried out as a function of solution pH, adsorbent dosage, Cr(VI) concentration and contact time. FT-IR spectra and SEMs of the adsorbents were recorded to explore the number and position of functional groups available for the binding of Cr(VI) ions and morphology of the studied adsorbents. The removal of chromium was dependent on the physico-chemical characteristics of the adsorbent, adsorbate concentration and other studied process parameters. Maximum metal removal was observed at pH 2.0. The efficiencies of boiled sunflower stem absorbent and formaldehyde-treated sunflower stem absorbent for the removal of Cr(VI) were 81.7 and 76.5%, respectively for dilute solutions at 4.0g/L adsorbent dose. The applicability of Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms was also tested. The results revealed that the hexavalent chromium is considerably adsorbed on sunflower stem and it could be an economical method for the removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Jain
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India
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Velmurugan B, Selvanayagam M, Cengiz EI, Uysal E. Levels of transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, and protein in tissues of Clarias gariepienus fingerlings exposed to sublethal concentrations of cadmium chloride. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2008; 23:672-678. [PMID: 18247418 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The freshwater fish, Clarias gariepienus fingerlings, were exposed to sublethal concentrations (1.7 and 3.4 mg/L) of cadmium chloride for 12 days. Aspartate aminotransferase (AAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total protein levels were assayed in the gill, brain, and muscle of the fish at regular intervals of 6 and 12 days. The activities of AAT, ALT, and ALP of the treated fishes increased significantly in all the tissues compared with the control fish. Protein level in all the tissues showed a significant decrease in comparison to unexposed controls throughout the experimental periods. These results revealed that cadmium chloride effects the intermediary metabolism of C. gariepienus fingerlings and that the assayed enzymes can work as good biomarkers of contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babu Velmurugan
- Environmental Science and Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, Loyola College, Chennai 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India
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Krishnani KK, Meng X, Boddu VM. Fixation of heavy metals onto lignocellulosic sorbent prepared from paddy straw. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2008; 80:2165-74. [PMID: 19024732 DOI: 10.2175/106143008x304785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The sorption behavior of biosorbent prepared from paddy straw with nine different heavy metals has been studied. The binding mechanisms involving adsorption and the cation-exchange process have also been investigated. Characterization of biosorbent through a scanning electron microscope revealed no major surface deformity resulting from the chemical treatment. X-ray photo electron spectroscopy was also used to determine the presence of exchangeable cations in the sorbent and the speciation of bound chromium, cadmium, and mercury. The maximum sorption capacity (millimoles/gram) obtained from the Langmuir model for Pb2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, and Cu2+ were 0.286, 0.147, 0.226, 0.181, 0.196, 0.189, 0.219, and 0.248, respectively. Interpretation of Dahlquist (1978) and Scatchard (1949) was also used for the binding site heterogeneity. The unique ability of the biosorbent to bind nine different metals has been attributed to the presence of surface heterogeneity and Ca2+ ions, which attract and sequester metal ions. Biosorption results are useful for the development of low-cost biosorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Krishnani
- Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, TamilNadu, India.
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Kuzmina VV, Ushakova NV. Process of exotrophy in fish. Effect of heavy metals—Zn and Cu. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093008040030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Oliva M, Garrido MDC, Pérez E, de Canales MLG. Evaluation of acute copper toxicity during early life stages of gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2007; 42:525-33. [PMID: 17365323 DOI: 10.1080/10934520701189760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of exposure to copper (mortality and morphological alterations) on the early life stages of the gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata, were examined. Eggs/embryos and larvae were exposed to nominal concentrations of copper ranging from 0.0001 to 10 mg/L Cu (II) in the tests with eggs/embryos and 0.025 to 0.5 mg/L Cu (II) in the test with larvae. Duration of the assays was 48 hours for embryos and 96 hours for larvae. A high percentage of mortality was observed in embryos exposed to 0.1 mg/L (97.2%) and in larvae exposed to 0.5 mg/L (100%). The embryos proved the most sensitive to copper for the same duration of exposure. The acute toxicity expressed as LC(50) 48 hours was 0.054 (0.048-0.058) mg/L for embryos and 0.261 (0.182- 0.375) mg/L for larvae. Morphological alterations or abnormalities in embryos included irregular shapes of chorion, opacity and vitellus retraction/degeneration. In larvae we observed poor capacity to swim, trembling, myoskeletal defects, opacity and exophthalmia. Histopathological alterations are observed in S. aurata larvae. Mucous cells of the digestive tissue present a severe alteration with an increment of exudates. A great cellular disorganization in the renal tissue is observed. Results from this work indicate the high sensitivity of early life stages of Sparus aurata to copper (II) and the persistence of sublethal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagrosa Oliva
- Biology Department, Marine and Environmental Sciences Faculty, Cádiz University, Spain.
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Ahmad I, Maria VL, Oliveira M, Pacheco M, Santos MA. Oxidative stress and genotoxic effects in gill and kidney of Anguilla anguilla L. exposed to chromium with or without pre-exposure to beta-naphthoflavone. Mutat Res 2006; 608:16-28. [PMID: 16784884 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2006.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2005] [Revised: 03/10/2006] [Accepted: 04/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fish in the aquatic environment can be subjected to a multipollution state and the occurrence of sequential exposures is an important aspect of eco-toxicological research. In this context, a preceding exposure can affect a toxic response to a subsequent exposure. Therefore, the current study was based on sequential exposures, viz. to a PAH-like compound (beta-naphthoflavone, BNF) followed by a heavy metal (chromium, Cr), focusing on the assessment of oxidative stress responses and their role in induction of genotoxicity. Oxidative stress responses in gill and kidney were investigated in European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.), and measured as lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration, whereas genotoxicity was measured as DNA strand breakage. Fish were exposed for 24 h to two Cr concentrations (100 microM, 1 mM), with or without pre-exposure to BNF (2.7 microM, 24 h). In gill, a GSH decrease was observed along with loss of DNA integrity at all exposure conditions except at the lowest Cr concentration, showing a crucial role of GSH over genotoxicity. Moreover, sporadic induction of antioxidant enzymes was not effective in the protection against genotoxicity. However, a different mechanism seems to occur in kidney, since the loss of DNA integrity detected for all exposed groups was not accompanied by alterations in antioxidant levels. With regards to peroxidative damage, both organs showed an LPO increase after sequential exposure to BNF and 100 microM Cr. However, no association between LPO induction and antioxidant responses could be established, showing that LPO is not predictable solely on the basis of antioxidant depletion. The interference of BNF pre-exposure with the response of organs to Cr showed a marked dependence on the Cr concentration. Gill showed synergistic effects on LPO and GPX increase, as well as on CAT and GSH decrease for the lowest Cr concentration. However, for the highest concentration an additive effect on decrease of DNA integrity and an antagonistic effect on the increase of GPX were observed. In kidney, synergistic effects were evident on LPO increase and GSH decrease for the lowest Cr concentration, as well as on CAT and GST decrease for the highest concentration. In contrast, an antagonistic action was observed on DNA integrity loss for both Cr concentrations. The current results are relevant in assessing the interactions of PAHs and metals and contribute to a better knowledge about oxidative stress and mechanisms of genotoxicity in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Ahmad
- Animal Physiology/Ecotoxicology Sector, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Devlin EW. Acute toxicity, uptake and histopathology of aqueous methyl mercury to fathead minnow embryos. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2006; 15:97-110. [PMID: 16400529 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-005-0051-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Early life stages of fishes have been shown to be especially susceptible to the toxic effects of heavy metal pollution. In this study, fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) embryos were exposed in the laboratory to a graded series of aqueous methyl mercury concentrations under continuous-flow conditions. A number of toxicological endpoints were examined including; acute toxicity, bioaccumulation, protein production, impact on mitosis, gross and histopathology. Acute toxicity, reported as LC50 values of methyl mercury, ranged from 221 microg/l (95% C.I. 246-196 microg/l) for 24-h tests to 39 microg/l (95% C.I. 54-24 microg/l) for 96-h exposures. Fathead minnow embryos were shown to rapidly take up mercury from the surrounding water. Mercury levels in embryos reached levels of 2.80 microg/g wet weight after 96 h exposure to 40 microg/l methyl mercury. An initial elevation of total protein in embryo was observed in embryos exposed to 25 microg/l methyl mercury during the first 12 h of development. At later stages, significantly lower levels of protein/microg embryo were observed. Methyl mercury had no effect on mitotic stages (p=0.05) in early, cleaving blastula-stage embryos. Live embryos and serial sections were utilized to characterize changes in embryo morphology and histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward W Devlin
- Biology Department, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, VA 23901, USA.
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Krishnani KK, Ayyappan S. Heavy metals remediation of water using plants and lignocellulosic agrowastes. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2006; 188:59-84. [PMID: 17016916 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-32964-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Toxic heavy metals and metalloids are constantly released into the environment, and their removal is a very difficult task because of the high cost of treatment methods. Various methods exist for the removal of toxic metal ions from aqueous solutions. Among these are adsorption using activated carbon, by far the most versatile and widely used method for the removal of toxic metals; however, it is relatively expensive and less feasible to use in developing countries. Furthermore, activated carbon loaded with toxicants is generally incinerated or disposed of on land, thereby causing environmental pollution through different routes. There is an urgent need to develop low-cost, effective, and sustainable methods for their removal or detoxification. The use of lignocellulosic agrowastes is a very useful approach, because of their high adsorption properties, which results from their ion-exchange capabilities. Agricultural wastes can be made into good sorbents for the removal of many metals, which would add to their value, help reduce the cost of waste disposal, and provide a potentially cheap alternative to existing commercial carbons. Although the abundance and very low cost of lignocellulosic wastes from agricultural operations are real advantages that render them suitable alternatives for the remediation of heavy metals, further successful studies on these materials are essential to demonstrate the efficacy of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Krishnani
- Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75 Santhome High Road, R.A. Puram, Chennai 600028, India
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Teles M, Pacheco M, Santos MA. Physiological and genetic responses of European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) to short-term chromium or copper exposure-Influence of preexposure to a PAH-like compound. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2005; 20:92-99. [PMID: 15712285 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Anguilla anguilla L. (European eel) was exposed for 24 h to chromium (Cr-100 microM and 1 mM) or copper (Cu-1 and 2.5 microM), with or without a 24-h preexposure to beta-naphthoflavone (BNF-2.7 microM), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-like compound, simulating sequential exposure to PAHs and heavy metals. Plasma cortisol, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (T3), and free thyroxine (T4) were determined in order to assess the effects on endocrine function. Plasma glucose and lactate also were measured. The frequency of erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities (ENA) was scored as a genotoxicity indicator. Plasma T4 decreased in eels when exposed to Cr only. The interference of BNF preexposure on Cr effects was observed as a significant plasma glucose increase. Single exposures to Cu elevated plasma cortisol and glucose (2.5 microM), as well as plasma lactate (1 microM), whereas a T4 decrease was found for both concentrations. BNF preexposure prevented plasma cortisol and lactate increases; however, a greater T4 decrease was observed in eels exposed to 2.5 microM Cu. Moreover, this pretreatment was crucial for genotoxicity expression because only BNF+2.5 microM Cu-exposed fish exhibited significant ENA induction. In general, plasma T4 was the most affected hormone, as it responded to all Cr and Cu exposure conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Teles
- Biology Department, Aveiro University, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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