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Conti S, Venturini V, Cañellas-Socias A, Cortina C, Abenza JF, Stephan-Otto Attolini C, Middendorp Guerra E, Xu CK, Li JH, Rossetti L, Stassi G, Roca-Cusachs P, Diz-Muñoz A, Ruprecht V, Guck J, Batlle E, Labernadie A, Trepat X. Membrane to cortex attachment determines different mechanical phenotypes in LGR5+ and LGR5- colorectal cancer cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3363. [PMID: 38637494 PMCID: PMC11026456 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47227-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) tumors are composed of heterogeneous and plastic cell populations, including a pool of cancer stem cells that express LGR5. Whether these distinct cell populations display different mechanical properties, and how these properties might contribute to metastasis is poorly understood. Using CRC patient derived organoids (PDOs), we find that compared to LGR5- cells, LGR5+ cancer stem cells are stiffer, adhere better to the extracellular matrix (ECM), move slower both as single cells and clusters, display higher nuclear YAP, show a higher survival rate in response to mechanical confinement, and form larger transendothelial gaps. These differences are largely explained by the downregulation of the membrane to cortex attachment proteins Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin (ERMs) in the LGR5+ cells. By analyzing single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) expression patterns from a patient cohort, we show that this downregulation is a robust signature of colorectal tumors. Our results show that LGR5- cells display a mechanically dynamic phenotype suitable for dissemination from the primary tumor whereas LGR5+ cells display a mechanically stable and resilient phenotype suitable for extravasation and metastatic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sefora Conti
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valeria Venturini
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrià Cañellas-Socias
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Cortina
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan F Abenza
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Camille Stephan-Otto Attolini
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emily Middendorp Guerra
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Catherine K Xu
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jia Hui Li
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leone Rossetti
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giorgio Stassi
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Diz-Muñoz
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verena Ruprecht
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jochen Guck
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eduard Batlle
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain.
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Anna Labernadie
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Principe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
- Facultat de Medicina, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain.
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2
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Miller SG, Hoh M, Ebmeier CC, Tay JW, Ahn NG. Cooperative polarization of MCAM/CD146 and ERM family proteins in melanoma. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar31. [PMID: 38117590 PMCID: PMC10916866 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-06-0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The WRAMP structure is a protein network associated with tail-end actomyosin contractility, membrane retraction, and directional persistence during cell migration. A marker of WRAMP structures is melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM) which dynamically polarizes to the cell rear. However, factors that mediate MCAM polarization are still unknown. In this study, BioID using MCAM as bait identifies the ERM family proteins, moesin, ezrin, and radixin, as WRAMP structure components. We also present a novel image analysis pipeline, Protein Polarity by Percentile ("3P"), which classifies protein polarization using machine learning and facilitates quantitative analysis. Using 3P, we find that depletion of moesin, and to a lesser extent ezrin, decreases the proportion of cells with polarized MCAM. Furthermore, although copolarized MCAM and ERM proteins show high spatial overlap, 3P identifies subpopulations with ERM proteins closer to the cell periphery. Live-cell imaging confirms that MCAM and ERM protein polarization is tightly coordinated, but ERM proteins enrich at the cell edge first. Finally, deletion of a juxtamembrane segment in MCAM previously shown to promote ERM protein interactions impedes MCAM polarization. Our findings highlight the requirement for ERM proteins in recruitment of MCAM to WRAMP structures and an advanced computational tool to characterize protein polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzannah G. Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder CO 80303
| | - Maria Hoh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder CO 80303
| | | | - Jian Wei Tay
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder CO 80303
| | - Natalie G. Ahn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder CO 80303
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder CO 80303
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3
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Stinson MW, Liu S, Laurenson AJ, Rotty JD. Macrophage migration is differentially regulated by fibronectin and laminin through altered adhesion and myosin II localization. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar22. [PMID: 38088893 PMCID: PMC10881148 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-04-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are indispensable for proper immune surveillance and inflammatory regulation. They also exhibit dramatic phenotypic plasticity and are highly responsive to their local microenvironment, which includes the extracellular matrix (ECM). This work demonstrates that two fibrous ECM glycoproteins, fibronectin (FN) and laminin (LAM), elicit distinct morphological and migratory responses from macrophages in two-dimensional environments. LAM 111 inhibits macrophage cell spreading, but drives them to migrate rapidly and less persistently compared with cells on FN. Differential integrin engagement and ROCK/myosin II organization helps explain why macrophages alter their morphology and migration character on these two ECM components. This study also demonstrates that LAM 111 exerts a suppressive effect toward FN, as macrophages plated on a LAM/FN mixture adopt a morphology and migratory character almost identical to LAM alone. This suggests that distinct responses can be initiated downstream of receptor-ECM engagement, and that one component of the microenvironment may affect the cell's ability to sense another. Overall, macrophages appear intrinsically poised to rapidly switch between distinct migratory characters based on their ECM environments. The role of ECM composition in dictating motile and inflammatory responses in three-dimensional and in vivo contexts warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W. Stinson
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Bethesda, MD 20814
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Sophia Liu
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Bethesda, MD 20814
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Alexander J. Laurenson
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Bethesda, MD 20814
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Jeremy D. Rotty
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Bethesda, MD 20814
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4
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Lombardo AT, Mitchell CAR, Zaman R, McDermitt DJ, Bretscher A. ARHGAP18-ezrin functions as an autoregulatory module for RhoA in the assembly of distinct actin-based structures. eLife 2024; 13:e83526. [PMID: 38193818 PMCID: PMC10830128 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The location of different actin-based structures is largely regulated by Rho GTPases through specific effectors. We use the apical aspect of epithelial cells as a model system to investigate how RhoA is locally regulated to contribute to two distinct adjacent actin-based structures. Assembly of the non-muscle myosin-2 filaments in the terminal web is dependent on RhoA activity, and assembly of the microvilli also requires active RhoA for phosphorylation and activation of ezrin. We show that the RhoGAP, ARHGAP18, is localized by binding active microvillar ezrin, and this interaction enhances ARHGAP18's RhoGAP activity. We present a model where ezrin-ARHGAP18 acts as a negative autoregulatory module to locally reduce RhoA activity in microvilli. Consistent with this model, loss of ARHGAP18 results in disruption of the distinction between microvilli and the terminal web including aberrant assembly of myosin-2 filaments forming inside microvilli. Thus, ARHGAP18, through its recruitment and activation by ezrin, fine-tunes the local level of RhoA to allow for the appropriate distribution of actin-based structures between the microvilli and terminal web. As RhoGAPs vastly outnumber Rho GTPases, this may represent a general mechanism whereby individual Rho effectors drive specific actin-based structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Lombardo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | - Cameron AR Mitchell
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | - Riasat Zaman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | - David J McDermitt
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | - Anthony Bretscher
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
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5
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Nalbant P, Wagner J, Dehmelt L. Direct investigation of cell contraction signal networks by light-based perturbation methods. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:1439-1452. [PMID: 37851146 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02864-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Cell contraction plays an important role in many physiological and pathophysiological processes. This includes functions in skeletal, heart, and smooth muscle cells, which lead to highly coordinated contractions of multicellular assemblies, and functions in non-muscle cells, which are often highly localized in subcellular regions and transient in time. While the regulatory processes that control cell contraction in muscle cells are well understood, much less is known about cell contraction in non-muscle cells. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms that control cell contraction in space and time in non-muscle cells, and how they can be investigated by light-based methods. The review particularly focusses on signal networks and cytoskeletal components that together control subcellular contraction patterns to perform functions on the level of cells and tissues, such as directional migration and multicellular rearrangements during development. Key features of light-based methods that enable highly local and fast perturbations are highlighted, and how experimental strategies can capitalize on these features to uncover causal relationships in the complex signal networks that control cell contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perihan Nalbant
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Center of Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Room T03 R01 D33, Universitätsstrasse 2, 45141, Essen, Germany.
| | - Jessica Wagner
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Center of Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Room T03 R01 D33, Universitätsstrasse 2, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Leif Dehmelt
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, and Dortmund University of Technology, Room CP-02-157, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.
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6
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Du Y, Bradshaw WJ, Leisner TM, Annor-Gyamfi JK, Qian K, Bashore FM, Sikdar A, Nwogbo FO, Ivanov AA, Frye SV, Gileadi O, Brennan PE, Levey AI, Axtman AD, Pearce KH, Fu H, Katis VL. Discovery of FERM domain protein-protein interaction inhibitors for MSN and CD44 as a potential therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's disease. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105382. [PMID: 37866628 PMCID: PMC10692723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteomic studies have identified moesin (MSN), a protein containing a four-point-one, ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM) domain, and the receptor CD44 as hub proteins found within a coexpression module strongly linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) traits and microglia. These proteins are more abundant in Alzheimer's patient brains, and their levels are positively correlated with cognitive decline, amyloid plaque deposition, and neurofibrillary tangle burden. The MSN FERM domain interacts with the phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and the cytoplasmic tail of CD44. Inhibiting the MSN-CD44 interaction may help limit AD-associated neuronal damage. Here, we investigated the feasibility of developing inhibitors that target this protein-protein interaction. We have employed structural, mutational, and phage-display studies to examine how CD44 binds to the FERM domain of MSN. Interestingly, we have identified an allosteric site located close to the PIP2 binding pocket that influences CD44 binding. These findings suggest a mechanism in which PIP2 binding to the FERM domain stimulates CD44 binding through an allosteric effect, leading to the formation of a neighboring pocket capable of accommodating a receptor tail. Furthermore, high-throughput screening of a chemical library identified two compounds that disrupt the MSN-CD44 interaction. One compound series was further optimized for biochemical activity, specificity, and solubility. Our results suggest that the FERM domain holds potential as a drug development target. Small molecule preliminary leads generated from this study could serve as a foundation for additional medicinal chemistry efforts with the goal of controlling microglial activity in AD by modifying the MSN-CD44 interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - William J Bradshaw
- Alzheimer's Research UK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tina M Leisner
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joel K Annor-Gyamfi
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Structural Genomics Consortium, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kun Qian
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Frances M Bashore
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Structural Genomics Consortium, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Arunima Sikdar
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Felix O Nwogbo
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andrey A Ivanov
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Stephen V Frye
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Opher Gileadi
- Alzheimer's Research UK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul E Brennan
- Alzheimer's Research UK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Allan I Levey
- Department of Neurology, Emory Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alison D Axtman
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Structural Genomics Consortium, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Kenneth H Pearce
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
| | - Vittorio L Katis
- Alzheimer's Research UK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Dellbrügge F, Jesse LD, Medyukhina A, Liu N, Neugebauer S, Freißmuth M, Höppener S, Figge MT, Morrison H, Riecken LB, Press AT. Contribution of radixin and ezrin to the maintenance of hepatocytes' excretory function in health and disease. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21009. [PMID: 37928027 PMCID: PMC10623174 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & aims Excretory liver failure is frequently associated with poor prognosis in critically ill patients. It is characterized by the loss of canalicular membrane export pumps at the hepatocyte membrane. The membrane export pump Multidrug resistant-associated protein (MRP) 2 is pivotal in hepatocytes for brushed membrane morphology and transport of various metabolites. In addition, MRP2 anchoring proteins of the Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin (ERM) family are crucial for the correct MRP2 location, integration, and function in different tissues. In hepatocytes, altered ERM signaling is elementary for developing excretory liver failure. Methods Polarized human HepaRG cells, primary human hepatocytes, and hepatocyte-specific Ezrin knockout mice are employed to investigate ERM expression and function in health and the bile duct ligation model of obstructive cholestasis. Results ERM-scaffolding protein Ezrin has no relevant function in maintaining the canalicular structure in hepatocytes during health and disease. Conclusions Homeostasis of the canalicular pole in hepatocytes is maintained exclusively by Radixin but not Ezrin, and Radixin dysfunction promotes cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Dellbrügge
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07740, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07740, Jena, Germany
| | - Lena D. Jesse
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07740, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07740, Jena, Germany
| | - Anna Medyukhina
- Research Group Applied Systems Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knoell Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07740, Jena, Germany
| | - Sophie Neugebauer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07740, Jena, Germany
| | - Markus Freißmuth
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07740, Jena, Germany
| | - Stephanie Höppener
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller University, Fürstengraben 1, 07737, Jena, Germany
| | - Marc T. Figge
- Research Group Applied Systems Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knoell Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller University, Fürstengraben 1, 07737, Jena, Germany
| | - Helen Morrison
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller University, Fürstengraben 1, 07737, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Beutenbergstraße 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Lars B. Riecken
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Beutenbergstraße 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Adrian T. Press
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07740, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07740, Jena, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Friedrich-Schiller University, Fürstengraben 1, 07737, Jena, Germany
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8
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Chu Z, Zhu M, Luo Y, Hu Y, Feng X, Wang H, Sunagawa M, Liu Y. PTBP1 plays an important role in the development of gastric cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:195. [PMID: 37670313 PMCID: PMC10478210 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03043-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 (PTBP1) has been found to play an important role in the occurrence and development of various tumors. At present, the role of PTBP1 in gastric cancer (GC) is still unknown and worthy of further investigation. METHODS We used bioinformatics to analyze the expression of PTBP1 in patients with GC. Cell proliferation related experiments were used to detect cell proliferation after PTBP1 knockdown. Skeleton staining, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the changes of actin skeleton. Proliferation and actin skeleton remodeling signaling pathways were detected by Western Blots. The relationship between PTBP1 and proliferation of gastric cancer cells was further detected by subcutaneous tumor transplantation. Finally, tissue microarray data from clinical samples were used to further explore the expression of PTBP1 in patients with gastric cancer and its correlation with prognosis. RESULTS Through bioinformatics studies, we found that PTBP1 was highly expressed in GC patients and correlated with poor prognosis. Cell proliferation and cycle analysis showed that PTBP1 down-regulation could significantly inhibit cell proliferation. The results of cell proliferation detection related experiments showed that PTBP1 down-regulation could inhibit the division and proliferation of GC cells. Furthermore, changes in the morphology of the actin skeleton of cells showed that PTBP1 down-regulation inhibited actin skeletal remodeling in GC cells. Western Blots showed that PTBP1 could regulate proliferation and actin skeleton remodeling signaling pathways. In addition, we constructed PTBP1 Cas9-KO mouse model and performed xenograft assays to further confirm that down-regulation of PTBP1 could inhibit the proliferation of GC cells. Finally, tissue microarray was used to further verify the close correlation between PTBP1 and poor prognosis in patients with GC. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates for the first time that PTBP1 may affect the proliferation of GC cells by regulating actin skeleton remodeling. In addition, PTBP1 is closely related to actin skeleton remodeling and proliferation signaling pathways. We suppose that PTBP1 might be a potential target for the treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewen Chu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, China
| | - Miao Zhu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Luo
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yaqi Hu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Feng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, China.
| | - Masataka Sunagawa
- Department of physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yanqing Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, China.
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9
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Han Y, Srinivasan S, Yun CC. Inhibition of protein kinase C-α and activation of ezrin by Lactobacillus acidophilus restore Na +/H + exchange activity and fluid absorption in db/db mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 325:E214-E226. [PMID: 37467022 PMCID: PMC10511175 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00145.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) complications, including diarrhea, constipation, and gastroparesis, are common in patients with diabetes. Dysregulation of the Na+/H+ exchanger NHE3 in the intestine is linked to diarrhea and constipation, and recent studies showed that NHE3 expression is reduced in type 1 diabetes and metformin causes diarrhea in the db/db mouse model of type 2 diabetes (T2D) via inhibition of NHE3. In this study, we investigated whether NHE3 expression is altered in type 2 diabetic intestine and the underlying mechanism that dysregulates NHE3. NHE3 expression in the brush border membrane (BBM) of the intestine of diabetic mice and humans was decreased. Protein kinase C (PKC) activation is associated with pathologies of diabetes, and immunofluorescence (IF) analysis revealed increased BBM PKCα abundance. Inhibition of PKCα increased NHE3 BBM abundance and NHE3-mediated intestinal fluid absorption in db/db mice. Previous studies have shown that Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) stimulates intestinal ion transporters. LA increased NHE3 BBM expression and mitigated metformin-mediated inhibition of NHE3 in vitro and in vivo. To understand the underlying mechanism of LA-mediated stimulation of NHE3, we used Caco-2bbe cells overexpressing PKCα that mimic the elevated state of PKCα in T2D. LA diminished PKCα BBM expression, increased phosphorylation of ezrin, and the interaction of NHE3 with NHE regulatory factor 2 (NHERF2). In addition, inhibition of PKCι blocked phosphorylation of ezrin and activation of NHE3 by LA. These findings demonstrate that NHE3 is downregulated in T2D, and LA restores NHE3 expression via regulation of PKCα, PKCι, and ezrin.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We used mouse models of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and human patient-derived samples to show that Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3) expression is decreased in T2D. We show that protein kinase C-α (PKCα) is activated in diabetes and inhibition of PKCα increased NHE3 expression and mitigates diarrhea. We show that Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) stimulates NHE3 via inhibition of PKCα and phosphorylation of ezrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Han
- Gastroenterology Research, Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, United States
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Shanthi Srinivasan
- Gastroenterology Research, Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, United States
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - C Chris Yun
- Gastroenterology Research, Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, United States
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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10
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Theoharides TC, Kempuraj D. Potential Role of Moesin in Regulating Mast Cell Secretion. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12081. [PMID: 37569454 PMCID: PMC10418457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells have existed for millions of years in species that never suffer from allergic reactions. Hence, in addition to allergies, mast cells can play a critical role in homeostasis and inflammation via secretion of numerous vasoactive, pro-inflammatory and neuro-sensitizing mediators. Secretion may utilize different modes that involve the cytoskeleton, but our understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating secretion is still not well understood. The Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin (ERM) family of proteins is involved in linking cell surface-initiated signaling to the actin cytoskeleton. However, how ERMs may regulate secretion from mast cells is still poorly understood. ERMs contain two functional domains connected through a long α-helix region, the N-terminal FERM (band 4.1 protein-ERM) domain and the C-terminal ERM association domain (C-ERMAD). The FERM domain and the C-ERMAD can bind to each other in a head-to-tail manner, leading to a closed/inactive conformation. Typically, phosphorylation on the C-terminus Thr has been associated with the activation of ERMs, including secretion from macrophages and platelets. It has previously been shown that the ability of the so-called mast cell "stabilizer" disodium cromoglycate (cromolyn) to inhibit secretion from rat mast cells closely paralleled the phosphorylation of a 78 kDa protein, which was subsequently shown to be moesin, a member of ERMs. Interestingly, the phosphorylation of moesin during the inhibition of mast cell secretion was on the N-terminal Ser56/74 and Thr66 residues. This phosphorylation pattern could lock moesin in its inactive state and render it inaccessible to binding to the Soluble NSF attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) and synaptosomal-associated proteins (SNAPs) critical for exocytosis. Using confocal microscopic imaging, we showed moesin was found to colocalize with actin and cluster around secretory granules during inhibition of secretion. In conclusion, the phosphorylation pattern and localization of moesin may be important in the regulation of mast cell secretion and could be targeted for the development of effective inhibitors of secretion of allergic and inflammatory mediators from mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theoharis C. Theoharides
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA;
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery, Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Duraisamy Kempuraj
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA;
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11
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Du Y, Bradshaw WJ, Leisner TM, Annor-Gyamfi JK, Qian K, Bashore FM, Sikdar A, Nwogbo FO, Ivanov AA, Frye SV, Gileadi O, Brennan PE, Levey AI, Axtman AD, Pearce KH, Fu H, Katis VL. Development of FERM domain protein-protein interaction inhibitors for MSN and CD44 as a potential therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.22.541727. [PMID: 37292860 PMCID: PMC10245921 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.22.541727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies have revealed genetic risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD) that are exclusively expressed in microglia within the brain. A proteomics approach identified moesin (MSN), a FERM (four-point-one ezrin radixin moesin) domain protein, and the receptor CD44 as hub proteins found within a co-expression module strongly linked to AD clinical and pathological traits as well as microglia. The FERM domain of MSN interacts with the phospholipid PIP2 and the cytoplasmic tails of receptors such as CD44. This study explored the feasibility of developing protein-protein interaction inhibitors that target the MSN-CD44 interaction. Structural and mutational analyses revealed that the FERM domain of MSN binds to CD44 by incorporating a beta strand within the F3 lobe. Phage-display studies identified an allosteric site located close to the PIP2 binding site in the FERM domain that affects CD44 binding within the F3 lobe. These findings support a model in which PIP2 binding to the FERM domain stimulates receptor tail binding through an allosteric mechanism that causes the F3 lobe to adopt an open conformation permissive for binding. High-throughput screening of a chemical library identified two compounds that disrupt the MSN-CD44 interaction, and one compound series was further optimized for biochemical activity, specificity, and solubility. The results suggest that the FERM domain holds potential as a drug development target. The small molecule preliminary leads generated from the study could serve as a foundation for additional medicinal chemistry effort with the goal of controlling microglial activity in AD by modifying the MSN-CD44 interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - William J. Bradshaw
- Alzheimer’s Research UK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Old Road Campus, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Tina M. Leisner
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Joel K. Annor-Gyamfi
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Structural Genomics Consortium, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kun Qian
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Current address: Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Division of Chemical Biology and Genome Engineering, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Frances M. Bashore
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Structural Genomics Consortium, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Arunima Sikdar
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Felix O. Nwogbo
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Andrey A. Ivanov
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Stephen V. Frye
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Opher Gileadi
- Alzheimer’s Research UK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Old Road Campus, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
- Current address: Structural Genomics Consortium, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Hospital and Karolinska Institute, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul E. Brennan
- Alzheimer’s Research UK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Old Road Campus, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Allan I. Levey
- Department of Neurology, Emory Goizueta Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Alison D. Axtman
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Structural Genomics Consortium, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kenneth H. Pearce
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Vittorio L. Katis
- Alzheimer’s Research UK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Old Road Campus, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
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12
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Stinson MW, Laurenson AJ, Rotty JD. Macrophage migration is differentially regulated by distinct ECM components. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.27.538597. [PMID: 37162935 PMCID: PMC10168351 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.27.538597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are indispensable for proper immune surveillance and inflammatory regulation. They also exhibit dramatic phenotypic plasticity and are highly responsive to their local microenvironment, which includes the extracellular matrix (ECM). The present work demonstrates that two fibrous ECM glycoproteins, fibronectin (FN) and laminin (LAM), elicit distinct morphological and migratory responses to macrophages in 2D environments. Laminin 111 inhibits macrophage cell spreading, but drives them to migrate rapidly and less persistently compared to cells on fibronectin. Differential integrin engagement and ROCK/myosin II organization helps explain why macrophages alter their morphology and migration character on these two ECM components. The present study also demonstrates that laminin 111 exerts a suppressive effect toward fibronectin, as macrophages plated on a LAM/FN mixture adopt a morphology and migratory character almost identical to LAM alone. This suggests that distinct responses can be initiated downstream of receptor-ECM engagement, and that one component of the microenvironment may affect the cell's ability to sense another. Overall, macrophages appear intrinsically poised to rapidly switch between distinct migratory modes based on their ECM environments. The role of ECM composition in dictating motile and inflammatory responses in 3D and in vivo contexts warrants further study.
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13
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Severin S, Consonni A, Chicanne G, Allart S, Payrastre B, Gratacap MP. SHIP1 Controls Internal Platelet Contraction and α IIbβ 3 Integrin Dynamics in Early Platelet Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020958. [PMID: 36674478 PMCID: PMC9860818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Src homology 2 domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatase 1 (SHIP1) is known to dephosphorylate PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 into PtdIns(3,4)P2 and to interact with several signaling proteins though its docking functions. It has been shown to negatively regulate platelet adhesion and spreading on a fibrinogen surface and to positively regulate thrombus growth. In the present study, we have investigated its role during the early phase of platelet activation. Using confocal-based morphometric analysis, we found that SHIP1 is involved in the regulation of cytoskeletal organization and internal contractile activity in thrombin-activated platelets. The absence of SHIP1 has no significant impact on thrombin-induced Akt or Erk1/2 activation, but it selectively affects the RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway and myosin IIA relocalization to the cytoskeleton. SHIP1 interacts with the spectrin-based membrane skeleton, and its absence induces a loss of sustained association of integrins to this network together with a decrease in αIIbβ3 integrin clustering following thrombin stimulation. This αIIbβ3 integrin dynamics requires the contractile cytoskeleton under the control of SHIP1. RhoA activation, internal platelet contraction, and membrane skeleton integrin association were insensitive to the inhibition of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 synthesis or SHIP1 phosphatase activity, indicating a role for the docking properties of SHIP1 in these processes. Altogether, our data reveal a lipid-independent function for SHIP1 in the regulation of the contractile cytoskeleton and integrin dynamics in platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Severin
- Institut des Maladies Métabolique et Cardiovasculaire (I2MC), Inserm and Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier (UMR-1297), 1 Avenue J. Poulhes, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (M.-P.G.); Tel.: +33-5-31-22-41-43 (S.S.); +33-5-31-22-41-50 (M.-P.G.)
| | - Alessandra Consonni
- Institut des Maladies Métabolique et Cardiovasculaire (I2MC), Inserm and Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier (UMR-1297), 1 Avenue J. Poulhes, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Gaëtan Chicanne
- Institut des Maladies Métabolique et Cardiovasculaire (I2MC), Inserm and Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier (UMR-1297), 1 Avenue J. Poulhes, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Allart
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier and Inserm (UMR-1291) and CNRS (UMR-5051), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Purpan, CEDEX 3, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Bernard Payrastre
- Institut des Maladies Métabolique et Cardiovasculaire (I2MC), Inserm and Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier (UMR-1297), 1 Avenue J. Poulhes, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Centre de Référence des Pathologies Plaquettaires, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Rangueil, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Gratacap
- Institut des Maladies Métabolique et Cardiovasculaire (I2MC), Inserm and Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier (UMR-1297), 1 Avenue J. Poulhes, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (M.-P.G.); Tel.: +33-5-31-22-41-43 (S.S.); +33-5-31-22-41-50 (M.-P.G.)
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14
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Lade JM, Andrade MR, Undem C, Walker J, Jiang H, Yun X, Shimoda LA. Hypoxia enhances interactions between Na +/H + exchanger isoform 1 and actin filaments via ezrin in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1108304. [PMID: 36926194 PMCID: PMC10011449 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1108304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to hypoxia, due to high altitude or chronic lung disease, leads to structural changes in the pulmonary vascular wall, including hyperplasia and migration of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Previous studies showed that hypoxia upregulates the expression of Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) and that inhibition or loss of NHE1 prevents hypoxia-induced PASMC migration and proliferation. The exact mechanism by which NHE1 controls PASMC function has not been fully delineated. In fibroblasts, NHE1 has been shown to act as a membrane anchor for actin filaments, via binding of the adaptor protein, ezrin. Thus, in this study, we tested the role of ezrin and NHE1/actin interactions in controlling PASMC function. Using rat PASMCs exposed to in vitro hypoxia (4% O2, 24 h) we found that hypoxic exposure increased phosphorylation (activation) of ezrin, and promoted interactions between NHE1, phosphorylated ezrin and smooth muscle specific α-actin (SMA) as measured via immunoprecipitation and co-localization. Overexpression of wild-type human NHE1 in the absence of hypoxia was sufficient to induce PASMC migration and proliferation, whereas inhibiting ezrin phosphorylation with NSC668394 suppressed NHE1/SMA co-localization and migration in hypoxic PASMCs. Finally, overexpressing a version of human NHE1 in which amino acids were mutated to prevent NHE1/ezrin/SMA interactions was unable to increase PASMC migration and proliferation despite exhibiting normal Na+/H+ exchange activity. From these results, we conclude that hypoxic exposure increases ezrin phosphorylation in PASMCs, leading to enhanced ezrin/NHE1/SMA interaction. We further speculate that these interactions promote anchoring of the actin cytoskeleton to the membrane to facilitate the changes in cell movement and shape required for migration and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Lade
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Manuella R Andrade
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Clark Undem
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jasmine Walker
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Xin Yun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Larissa A Shimoda
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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15
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Bommanavar S, Kanetkar SR, Datkhile KD. To evaluate an association between prognostic significance of Moesin with histopathological grading of oral squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2023; 27:148-161. [PMID: 37234334 PMCID: PMC10207188 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_543_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of the present Aetiology/Risk type and Prognostic type of systematic review is to evaluate the value of Moesin as a biomarker of invasiveness in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma patients and to review/assess the available evidence regarding the prospective prognostic association between Moesin and histopathological grading of OSCC to enhance the quality of life and survival rate of oral cancer patients. Method A systematic wide-range literature search was performed by authors (BS, KS, and DK) till October 2022 using both, electronic search media and manual search by hand, searching appropriate journals as per the focussed guiding question and inclusion/exclusion criteria. Major databases such as Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane central register for controlled trials, PubMed & Google Scholar were conducted by two calibrated reviewers independently to gauge the association between the prognostic significance of Moesin with histopathological grading of oral squamous cell carcinoma. As this study is based on tissue samples of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients, all the selected studies were mostly, cross-sectional studies, and retrospective in nature. The studies were integrated with this review to gauge the association between the prognostic significance of Moesin with histopathological grading of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The review included a total of 7 studies with tissue samples of 645 cases. The prime outcome was to assess the immunoexpression of Moesin among the different histopathological grades i.e well-differentiated SCC, moderately differentiated SCC, and poorly differentiated SCC and the subordinate outcome was to consider the extent of strong immunoexpression characteristics (cytoplasmic, membranous and mixed type) in different grades of OSCC as well as to correlate with morbidity, mortality, and/or 5 years or 10 years survival rate. Results The results were analyzed and presented narratively using the Critical Appraisal Tools developed by the University Of Oxford; Risk of Bias - Cochrane Risk of Bias tool - RoB 2.0, and GRADE-pro (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations) which rates the features of the evidence as high, moderate, low and very low. The risk of mortality expressed in terms of Hazard ratio has been elicited as a 1.37 times higher rate of mortality in the advanced histopathological stages of the OSCC cases. As the sample size of this review was insignificant, therefore, the authors have incorporated hazard ratios of some other studies of carcinomas in diverse sites in the body to give a flavor of prognostic outcomes of Moesin. It was observed that Moesin expression in Breast cancer and UADT carcinomas have a higher mortality rate as compared to OSCC and lung carcinoma cases and this decree strengthens our conviction that Moesin expression in the cytoplasm of advanced histopathological stages of cancer can be assumed as a sign of poor prognosis in all carcinomas including OSCC patients. Conclusion A sample of seven studies is inadequate as definite evidence for claiming that Moesin is a strong biomarker of invasiveness in OSCC cases and more clinical trials need to be conducted on the prognostic efficacy of Moesin expression in the various histopathological grades of OSCC cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Bommanavar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, SDS, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, KIMSDU, Karad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sujata R. Kanetkar
- Department of Pathology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, KIMSDU, Karad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kailas D. Datkhile
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, KIMSDU, Karad, Maharashtra, India
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16
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Ikenouchi J, Aoki K. A Clockwork Bleb: cytoskeleton, calcium, and cytoplasmic fluidity. FEBS J 2022; 289:7907-7917. [PMID: 34614290 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
When the plasma membrane (PM) detaches from the underlying actin cortex, the PM expands according to intracellular pressure and a spherical membrane protrusion called a bleb is formed. This bleb retracts when the actin cortex is reassembled underneath the PM. Whereas this phenomenon seems simple at first glance, there are many interesting, unresolved cell biological questions in each process. For example, what is the membrane source to enlarge the surface area of the PM during rapid bleb expansion? What signals induce actin reassembly for bleb retraction, and how is cytoplasmic fluidity regulated to allow rapid membrane deformation during bleb expansion? Furthermore, emerging evidence indicates that cancer cells use blebs for invasion, but little is known about how molecules that are involved in bleb formation, expansion, and retraction are coordinated for directional amoeboid migration. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of blebs, which have been revealed by various experimental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Ikenouchi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kana Aoki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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17
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Lei MML, Leung CON, Lau EYT, Leung RWH, Ma VWS, Tong M, Lu YY, Huang CY, Zhu QH, Ng IOL, Ma S, Lee TKW. SCYL3, as a novel binding partner and regulator of ROCK2, promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression. JHEP Rep 2022; 5:100604. [PMCID: PMC9691429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims SCY1-like pseudokinase 3 (SCYL3) was identified as a binding partner of ezrin, implicating it in metastasis. However, the clinical relevance and functional role of SCYL3 in cancer remain uncharacterized. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role of SCYL3 in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods The clinical significance of SCYL3 in HCC was evaluated in publicly available datasets and by qPCR analysis of an in-house HCC cohort. The functional significance and mechanistic consequences of SCYL3 were examined in SCYL3-knockdown/overexpressing HCC cells. In vivo tumor progression was evaluated in Tp53KO/c-MycOE mice using the sleeping beauty transposon system. Potential downstream pathways were investigated by co-immunoprecipitation, western blotting analysis and immunofluorescence staining. Results SCYL3 is often overexpressed in HCC; it is preferentially expressed in metastatic human HCC tumors and is associated with worse patient survival. Suppression of SCYL3 in HCC cells attenuated cell proliferation and migration as well as in vivo metastasis. Intriguingly, endogenous SCYL3 overexpression increased tumor development and metastasis in Tp53KO/c-MycOE mice. Mechanistic investigations revealed that SCYL3 physically binds and regulates the stability and transactivating activity of ROCK2 (Rho kinase 2) via its C-terminal domain, leading to the increased formation of actin stress fibers and focal adhesions. Conclusions These findings reveal that SCYL3 plays a critical role in promoting the progression of HCC and have implications for developing new therapeutic strategies to tackle metastatic HCC. Impact and implications SCYL3 was first reported to be a binding partner of a metastasis-related gene, ezrin. To date, the clinical relevance and functional role of SCYL3 in cancer remain uncharacterized. Herein, we uncover its crucial role in liver cancer progression. We show that it physically binds and regulates the stability and transactivating activity of ROCK2 leading to HCC tumor progression. Our data provide mechanistic insight that SCYL3-mediated ROCK2 protein stability plays a pivotal role in growth and metastasis of HCC cells. Targeting SCYL3/ROCK2 signaling cascade may be a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of HCC patients. SCYL3 was found to be overexpressed in HCC and was associated with metastasis and poor survival in human tumors. SCYL3 is critically involved in the regulation of HCC progression and metastasis. We identified ROCK2 as the binding partner of SCYL3. SCYL3 physically binds and regulates the stability and transactivating activity of ROCK2 via its C-terminal domain.
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Key Words
- scyl3
- rock2
- hepatocellular carcinoma
- protein stability
- metastasis
- chx, cycloheximide
- ev, empty vector
- geo, gene expression omnibus
- hcc, hepatocellular carcinoma
- hrd motif, histidine-arginine-aspartic acid motif
- htvi, hydrodynamic tail vein injection
- mlc2, myosin light chain 2
- ntc, non-target control
- oe, overexpression
- qpcr, quantitative pcr
- rock2, rho kinase 2
- sb, sleeping beauty
- scyl3, scy1-like pseudokinase 3
- scyl3-δc, scyl3 mutant with deletion of the c-terminal domain
- scyl3 oe, scyl3-overexpressing
- sg, single-guide
- sh, short-hairpin
- tcga, the cancer genome atlas
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Mang Leng Lei
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Carmen Oi Ning Leung
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | | | - Rainbow Wing Hei Leung
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Victor Wan San Ma
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Man Tong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yin Ying Lu
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Yang Huang
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao Hua Zhu
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Oncology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shunde, China
| | - Irene Oi Lin Ng
- Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong,State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Stephanie Ma
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong,State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Terence Kin Wah Lee
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong,Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong,Corresponding author. Address: Room 805, Block Y, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Lee Shau Kee Building, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong. Tel.: (852) 3400-8799, fax: (852) 2364-9932.
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18
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Distel JS, Flores RMO, Bienvenu A, Aguilera MO, Bonazzi M, Berón W. Ezrin and CD44 participate in the internalization process of
Coxiella burnetii
into non‐phagocytic cells. Biol Cell 2022; 114:237-253. [DOI: 10.1111/boc.202100096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús S. Distel
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Universidad Nacional de Cuyo ‐ CONICET Mendoza 5500 Argentina
| | - Rodolfo M. Ortiz Flores
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Universidad Nacional de Cuyo ‐ CONICET Mendoza 5500 Argentina
- Cátedra de Microbiología Parasitología e Inmunología Facultad de Odontología Universidad Nacional de Cuyo Mendoza Argentina
| | - Arthur Bienvenu
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM) UMR 9004 CNRS Université de Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Milton O. Aguilera
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Universidad Nacional de Cuyo ‐ CONICET Mendoza 5500 Argentina
- Cátedra de Microbiología Parasitología e Inmunología Facultad de Odontología Universidad Nacional de Cuyo Mendoza Argentina
| | - Matteo Bonazzi
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM) UMR 9004 CNRS Université de Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Walter Berón
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Universidad Nacional de Cuyo ‐ CONICET Mendoza 5500 Argentina
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19
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Moesin Serves as Scaffold Protein for PD-L1 in Human Uterine Cervical Squamous Carcinoma Cells. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11133830. [PMID: 35807113 PMCID: PMC9267616 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11133830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy targeting the programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1)/PD-1 axis has emerged as a promising treatment for uterine cervical cancer; however, only a small subset of patients with uterine cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) derives clinical benefit from ICB therapies. Thus, there is an urgent unmet medical need for novel therapeutic strategies to block the PD-L1/PD-1 axis in patients with uterine cervical SCC. Here, we investigated the involvement of ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) family scaffold proteins, which crosslink several plasma membrane proteins with the actin cytoskeleton, on the plasma membrane localization of PD-L1 in BOKU and HCS-2 cells derived from human uterine cervical SCC. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that PD-L1 colocalized with all three ERM proteins in the plasma membrane. Gene knockdown of moesin, but not ezrin and radixin, substantially reduced the plasma membrane expression of PD-L1, with limited effect on mRNA expression. An immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated the molecular interaction between PD-L1 and moesin. Moreover, phosphorylated, i.e., activated, moesin was highly colocalized with PD-L1 in the plasma membrane. In conclusion, moesin may be a scaffold protein responsible for the plasma membrane expression of PD-L1 in human uterine cervical SCC.
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20
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De Belly H, Paluch EK, Chalut KJ. Interplay between mechanics and signalling in regulating cell fate. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:465-480. [PMID: 35365816 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00472-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical signalling affects multiple biological processes during development and in adult organisms, including cell fate transitions, cell migration, morphogenesis and immune responses. Here, we review recent insights into the mechanisms and functions of two main routes of mechanical signalling: outside-in mechanical signalling, such as mechanosensing of substrate properties or shear stresses; and mechanical signalling regulated by the physical properties of the cell surface itself. We discuss examples of how these two classes of mechanical signalling regulate stem cell function, as well as developmental processes in vivo. We also discuss how cell surface mechanics affects intracellular signalling and, in turn, how intracellular signalling controls cell surface mechanics, generating feedback into the regulation of mechanosensing. The cooperation between mechanosensing, intracellular signalling and cell surface mechanics has a profound impact on biological processes. We discuss here our understanding of how these three elements interact to regulate stem cell fate and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry De Belly
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ewa K Paluch
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Kevin J Chalut
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Wellcome/MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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21
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Kanlaya R, Thongboonkerd V. Persistent Escherichia coli infection in renal tubular cells enhances calcium oxalate crystal-cell adhesion by inducing ezrin translocation to apical membranes via Rho/ROCK pathway. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:381. [PMID: 35751006 PMCID: PMC11072855 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04414-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence has suggested that recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) can cause not only infection stones but also metabolic stones (e.g., those containing calcium oxalate monohydrate or COM). However, precise mechanisms underlying UTI-induced metabolic stones remained unknown. In this study, Escherichia coli, the most common bacterium found in recurrent UTI was used to establish the in vitro model for persistent infection of renal epithelial cells. The promoting effects of persistent E. coli infection on kidney stone formation were validated by COM crystal-cell adhesion assay, followed by immunofluorescence study for changes in surface expression of the known COM crystal receptors. Among the five receptors examined, only ezrin had significantly increased level on the surface of persistently infected cells without change in its total level. Such translocation of ezrin to apical membranes was confirmed by Western blotting of apical membrane and cytosolic fractions and confocal microscopic examination. Additionally, persistent infection increased phosphorylation (Thr567) of ezrin. However, all of these changes induced by persistent E. coli infection were significantly inhibited by small-interfering RNA (siRNA) specific for ezrin or a Rho-associated kinase (ROCK)-specific inhibitor (Y-27632). In summary, this study provides a piece of evidence demonstrating that persistent infection by E. coli, one of the non-urease-producing bacteria, may contribute to COM metabolic stone formation by translocation of ezrin to apical membranes, thereby promoting COM crystal-cell adhesion. Such ezrin translocation was mediated via Rho/ROCK signaling pathway. These findings may, at least in part, explain the pathogenic mechanisms underlying recurrent UTI-induced metabolic kidney stone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rattiyaporn Kanlaya
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 6th Floor - SiMR Building, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 6th Floor - SiMR Building, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
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22
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Effect of Ezrin on regulating trophoblast cell invasion via PKC signaling pathway in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion. Reprod Biol 2022; 22:100634. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2022.100634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Wang M, Xiong C, Mercurio AM. PD-LI promotes rear retraction during persistent cell migration by altering integrin β4 dynamics. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213099. [PMID: 35344032 PMCID: PMC8965106 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202108083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the immune checkpoint function of PD-L1 has dominated its study, we report that PD-L1 has an unanticipated intrinsic function in promoting the dynamics of persistent cell migration. PD-L1 concentrates at the rear of migrating carcinoma cells where it facilitates retraction, resulting in the formation of PD-L1-containing retraction fibers and migrasomes. PD-L1 promotes retraction by interacting with and localizing the β4 integrin to the rear enabling this integrin to stimulate contractility. This mechanism involves the ability of PD-L1 to maintain cell polarity and lower membrane tension at the cell rear compared with the leading edge that promotes the localized interaction of PD-L1 and the β4 integrin. This interaction enables the β4 integrin to engage the actin cytoskeleton and promote RhoA-mediated contractility. The implications of these findings with respect to cell-autonomous functions of PD-L1 and cancer biology are significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdie Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Choua Xiong
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Arthur M Mercurio
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
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24
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The biogenesis and secretion of exosomes and multivesicular bodies (MVBs): Intercellular shuttles and implications in human diseases. Genes Dis 2022. [PMID: 37492712 PMCID: PMC10363595 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes carry and transmit signaling molecules used for intercellular communication. The generation and secretion of exosomes is a multistep interlocking process that allows simultaneous control of multiple regulatory sites. Protein molecules, mainly RAB GTPases, cytoskeletal proteins and soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion attachment protein receptor (SNARE), are specifically regulated in response to pathological conditions such as altered cellular microenvironment, stimulation by pathogenic factors, or gene mutation. This interferes with the smooth functioning of endocytosis, translocation, degradation, docking and fusion processes, leading to changes in the secretion of exosomes. Large numbers of secreted exosomes are disseminated by the flow of body fluids and absorbed by the recipient cells. By transmitting characteristic functional proteins and genetic information produced under disease conditions, exosomes can change the physiological state of the recipient cells and their microenvironment. The microenvironment, in turn, affects the occurrence and development of disease. Therefore, this review will discuss the mechanism by which exosome secretion is regulated in cells following the formation of mature secretory multivesicular bodies (MVBs). The overall aim is to find ways to eliminate disease-derived exosomes at their source, thereby providing an important new basis for the clinical treatment of disease.
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25
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ROCK ‘n TOR: An Outlook on Keratinocyte Stem Cell Expansion in Regenerative Medicine via Protein Kinase Inhibition. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071130. [PMID: 35406693 PMCID: PMC8997668 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratinocyte stem cells play a fundamental role in homeostasis and repair of stratified epithelial tissues. Transplantation of cultured keratinocytes autografts provides a landmark example of successful cellular therapies by restoring durable integrity in stratified epithelia lost to devastating tissue conditions. Despite the overall success of such procedures, failures still occur in case of paucity of cultured stem cells in therapeutic grafts. Strategies aiming at a further amplification of stem cells during keratinocyte ex vivo expansion may thus extend the applicability of these treatments to subjects in which endogenous stem cells pools are depauperated by aging, trauma, or disease. Pharmacological targeting of stem cell signaling pathways is recently emerging as a powerful strategy for improving stem cell maintenance and/or amplification. Recent experimental data indicate that pharmacological inhibition of two prominent keratinocyte signaling pathways governed by apical mTOR and ROCK protein kinases favor stem cell maintenance and/or amplification ex vivo and may improve the effectiveness of stem cell-based therapeutic procedures. In this review, we highlight the pathophysiological roles of mTOR and ROCK in keratinocyte biology and evaluate existing pre-clinical data on the effects of their inhibition in epithelial stem cell expansion for transplantation purposes.
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26
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O'Callaghan P, Engberg A, Eriksson O, Fatsis-Kavalopoulos N, Stelzl C, Sanchez G, Idevall-Hagren O, Kreuger J. Piezo1 activation attenuates thrombin-induced blebbing in breast cancer cells. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274949. [PMID: 35274124 PMCID: PMC9016622 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells exploit a variety of migration modes to leave primary tumors and establish metastases, including amoeboid cell migration, which is typically reliant on bleb formation. Here we demonstrate that thrombin induces dynamic blebbing in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line and confirm that protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) activation is sufficient to induce this effect. Cell confinement has been implicated as a driving force in bleb-based migration. Unexpectedly, we found that gentle contact compression, exerted using a custom built ‘cell press’ to mechanically stimulate cells, reduced thrombin-induced blebbing. Thrombin-induced blebbing was similarly attenuated using the small molecule Yoda1, an agonist of the mechanosensitive Ca2+ channel Piezo1, and this attenuation was impaired in Piezo1-depleted cells. Additionally, Piezo1 activation suppressed thrombin-induced phosphorylation of ezrin, radixin and moesin (ERM) proteins, which are implicated in the blebbing process. Our results provide mechanistic insights into Piezo1 activation as a suppressor of dynamic blebbing, specifically that which is induced by thrombin. Summary: Thrombin and protease-activated receptor agonists induce dynamic blebbing in breast cancer cells, which can be attenuated by contact-mediated compression, and activation of the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul O'Callaghan
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Adam Engberg
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olle Eriksson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Christina Stelzl
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gonzalo Sanchez
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Johan Kreuger
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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27
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The Formation of Melanocyte Apoptotic Bodies in Vitiligo and the Relocation of Vitiligo Autoantigens under Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:7617839. [PMID: 34745423 PMCID: PMC8568525 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7617839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress has a vital role in the early stages of vitiligo. Autoantigens released from apoptotic melanocytes (MC) under oxidative stress are involved in the presentation and recognition of antigens. However, the transport of autoantigens to the cell surface and their release to the extracellular environment are still unclear. Apoptotic bodies (ABs) have always been considered as a key source of immunomodulators and autoantigens. Yet, the role of ABs in the immune mechanism of vitiligo is still unknown. Purpose To explore whether MC's autoantigens translocate into ABs during oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and study the molecular mechanisms underlying autoantigen migration and AB formation. Methods PIG3V (an immortalized human vitiligo melanocyte cell line) were treated with H2O2, and ABs were separated. Transmission electron microscopy, flow cytometry, Western blot, mass spectrometry, and other methods were used to determine the relocation of specific antigens in PIG3V cells to ABs. After pretreatment with specific inhibitors (Rho kinase (Y-27632), myosin light chain kinase (MLCK, ML-9), pan-caspase (zVAD-FMK), and JNK (SP600125)), the pathway of autoantigen translocation into ABs and the formation of apoptotic bodies were determined. Results When treated with 0.8 mM H2O2, ABs were released from these cells. Autoantigens such as tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP-1) and cleavage nuclear membrane antigen Lamin A/C (Asp230) were concentrated in ABs. The expression of autoantigens and the formation of ABs increased in a time- and dose-dependent manner after treatment with H2O2, while the application of specific inhibitors inhibited the formation of apoptotic bodies, i.e., the expression of antigens. Conclusion Vitiligo autoantigens translocate into ABs in the process of apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. The cytoskeletal protein activation pathway and the JNK-related apoptosis pathway are involved in the transport of autoantigens and the formation of ABs. ABs may be the key bridge between MC cell apoptosis and cellular immunity.
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28
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Luo S, Wang H, Bai L, Chen Y, Chen S, Gao K, Wang H, Wu S, Song H, Ma K, Liu M, Yao F, Fang Y, Xiao Q. Activation of TMEM16A Ca 2+-activated Cl - channels by ROCK1/moesin promotes breast cancer metastasis. J Adv Res 2021; 33:253-264. [PMID: 34603794 PMCID: PMC8463928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Transmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A) is a Ca2+-activated chloride channel that plays a role in cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis. However, whether TMEM16A contributes to breast cancer metastasis remains unknown. Objective In this study, we investigated whether TMEM16A channel activation by ROCK1/moesin promotes breast cancer metastasis. Methods Wound healing assays and transwell migration and invasion assays were performed to study the migration and invasion of MCF-7 and T47D breast cancer cells. Western blotting was performed to evaluate the protein expression, and whole-cell patch clamp recordings were used to record TMEM16A Cl− currents. A mouse model of breast cancer lung metastasis was generated by injecting MCF-7 cells via the tail vein. Metastatic nodules in the lung were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Lymph node metastasis, overall survival, and metastasis-free survival of breast cancer patients were assessed using immunohistochemistry and The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset. Results TMEM16A activation promoted breast cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro as well as breast cancer metastasis in mice. Patients with breast cancer who had higher TMEM16A levels showed greater lymph node metastasis and shorter survival. Mechanistically, TMEM16A promoted migration and invasion by activating EGFR/STAT3/ROCK1 signaling, and the role of the TMEM16A channel activity was important in this respect. ROCK1 activation by RhoA enhanced the TMEM16A channel activity via the phosphorylation of moesin at T558. The cooperative action of TMEM16A and ROCK1 was supported through clinical findings indicating that breast cancer patients with high levels of TMEM16A/ROCK1 expression showed greater lymph node metastasis and poor survival. Conclusion Our findings revealed a novel mechanism underlying TMEM16A-mediated breast cancer metastasis, in which ROCK1 increased TMEM16A channel activity via moesin phosphorylation and the increase in TMEM16A channel activities promoted cell migration and invasion. TMEM16A inhibition may be a novel strategy for treating breast cancer metastasis.
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Key Words
- Cl− channel
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- ER, estrogen receptor
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- IHC, immunohistochemical
- MFS, metastasis-free survival
- Metastasis
- Moesin
- OS, overall survival
- PR, progesterone receptor
- ROCK1
- ROCK1, Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1
- STAT3, signal transducers and activators of transcription 3
- TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas
- TMEM16A
- shRNAs, small hairpin RNAs
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Luo
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Lichuan Bai
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yiwen Chen
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Kuan Gao
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Huijie Wang
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Shuwei Wu
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Hanbin Song
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Fan Yao
- Department of Breast Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Research Unit of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yue Fang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Qinghuan Xiao
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
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29
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Basiglio CL, Crocenzi FA, Sánchez Pozzi EJ, Roma MG. Oxidative Stress and Localization Status of Hepatocellular Transporters: Impact on Bile Secretion and Role of Signaling Pathways. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:808-831. [PMID: 34293961 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Most hepatopathies are primarily or secondarily cholestatic in nature. Oxidative stress (OS) is a frequent trait among them, and impairs the machinery to generate bile by triggering endocytic internalization of hepatocellular transporters, thus causing cholestasis. This is critical, since it leads to accelerated transporter degradation, which could explain the common post-transcriptional downregulation of transporter expression in human cholestatic diseases. Recent Advances: The mechanisms involved in OS-induced hepatocellular transporter internalization are being revealed. Filamentous actin (F-actin) cytoskeleton disorganization and/or detachment of crosslinking actin proteins that afford transporter stability have been characterized as causal factors. Activation of redox-sensitive signaling pathways leading to changes in phosphorylation status of these structures is involved, including Ca2+-mediated activation of "classical" and "novel" protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms or redox-signaling cascades downstream of NADPH oxidase. Critical Issues: Despite the well-known occurrence of hepatocellular transporter internalization in human hepatopathies, the cholestatic implications of this phenomenon have been overlooked. Accordingly, no specific treatment has been established in the clinical practice for its prevention/reversion. Future Directions: We need to improve our knowledge on the pro-oxidant triggering factors and the multiple signaling pathways that mediate this oxidative injury in each cholestatic hepatopathy, so as to envisage tailor-made therapeutic strategies for each case. Meanwhile, administration of antioxidants or heme oxygenase-1 induction to elevate the hepatocellular levels of the endogenous scavenger bilirubin are promising alternatives that need to be re-evaluated and implemented. They may complement current treatments in cholestasis aimed to enhance transcriptional carrier expression, by providing membrane stability to the newly synthesized carriers. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 808-831.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia L Basiglio
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, CONICET, U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
| | - Fernando A Crocenzi
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, CONICET, U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
| | - Enrique J Sánchez Pozzi
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, CONICET, U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
| | - Marcelo G Roma
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, CONICET, U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
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30
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Yang F, Lin J, Chen W. Post-translational modifications in T cells in systemic erythematosus lupus. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:2502-2516. [PMID: 33512488 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic erythematosus lupus (SLE) is a classic autoimmune disease characterized by multiple autoantibodies and immune-mediated tissue damage. The aetiology of this disease is still unclear. A new drug, belimumab, which acts against the B-lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS), can effectively improve the condition of SLE patients, but it cannot resolve all SLE symptoms. The discovery of novel, precise therapeutic targets is urgently needed. It is well known that abnormal T-cell function is one of the most crucial factors contributing to the pathogenesis of SLE. Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs), including phosphorylation, glycosylation, acetylation, methylation, ubiquitination and SUMOylation have been emphasized for their roles in activating protein activity, maintaining structural stability, regulating protein-protein interactions and mediating signalling pathways, in addition to other biological functions. Summarizing the latest data in this area, this review focuses on the potential roles of diverse PTMs in regulating T-cell function and signalling pathways in SLE pathogenesis, with the goal of identifying new targets for SLE therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin Lin
- Division of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiqian Chen
- Division of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Király N, Csortos C, Boratkó A. Ser69 phosphorylation of TIMAP affects endothelial cell migration. Exp Lung Res 2021; 47:334-343. [PMID: 34343028 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2021.1960651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE/AIM TIMAP (TGF-β-inhibited membrane-associated protein) is a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). The N-terminal region contains a binding motif for the catalytic subunit of PP1 (PP1c) and a nuclear localization signal (NLS). Phosphorylation of TIMAP on Ser331, Ser333 and Ser337 side chains was shown to regulate the activity of the TIMAP-PP1c complex. Several studies, however, reported an additional side chain of TIMAP. Ser69 is located near to the PP1c binding motif and NLS, therefore, we hypothesized that the phosphorylation of this side chain perhaps may regulate the interaction between TIMAP and PP1c, or may affect the nuclear transport of TIMAP. Materials and Methods: To study the significance of Ser69 phosphorylation, GST-tagged or c-myc-tagged wild type, phosphomimic S69D and phosphonull S69A recombinant TIMAP proteins were expressed in bacteria or endothelial cells, respectively. Protein-protein interactions of the wild type or mutant forms of TIMAP were studied by pull-down and Western blot. Localization of TIMAP S69 mutants in pulmonary artery endothelial cells was detected by immunofluorescent staining and expression and localization of the recombinants were investigated by subcellular fractionation and Western blot. Results: Modifications of Ser69 of TIMAP had no effect on binding of PP1c, ERM or RACK1. However, S69D TIMAP showed enhanced membrane localization and an increased number of membrane protrusions were observed in the cells overexpressing this phosphomimic mutant. Furthermore, significantly faster wound healing and migration rate of the S69D mutant overexpressing cells were detected by endothelial barrier resistance measurements (ECIS). Specific interaction was shown between TIMAP and polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4), a potential kinase to phosphorylate Ser69. Conclusions: Altogether, our results indicate that Ser69 phosphorylation by PLK4 may evoke an enrichment of TIMAP in the plasma membrane region and may play an important role in endothelial cell migration without affecting the PP1c binding ability of TIMAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolett Király
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csilla Csortos
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anita Boratkó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Abstract
Ras homology (RHO) GTPases are signalling proteins that have crucial roles in triggering multiple immune functions. Through their interactions with a broad range of effectors and kinases, they regulate cytoskeletal dynamics, cell polarity and the trafficking and proliferation of immune cells. The activity and localization of RHO GTPases are highly controlled by classical families of regulators that share consensus motifs. In this Review, we describe the recent discovery of atypical modulators and partners of RHO GTPases, which bring an additional layer of regulation and plasticity to the control of RHO GTPase activities in the immune system. Furthermore, the development of large-scale genetic screening has now enabled researchers to identify dysregulation of RHO GTPase signalling pathways as a cause of many immune system-related diseases. We discuss the mutations that have been identified in RHO GTPases and their signalling circuits in patients with rare diseases. The discoveries of new RHO GTPase partners and genetic mutations in RHO GTPase signalling hubs have uncovered unsuspected layers of crosstalk with other signalling pathways and may provide novel therapeutic opportunities for patients affected by complex immune or broader syndromes.
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33
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Shiomi A, Nagao K, Yokota N, Tsuchiya M, Kato U, Juni N, Hara Y, Mori MX, Mori Y, Ui-Tei K, Murate M, Kobayashi T, Nishino Y, Miyazawa A, Yamamoto A, Suzuki R, Kaufmann S, Tanaka M, Tatsumi K, Nakabe K, Shintaku H, Yesylevsky S, Bogdanov M, Umeda M. Extreme deformability of insect cell membranes is governed by phospholipid scrambling. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109219. [PMID: 34107250 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Organization of dynamic cellular structure is crucial for a variety of cellular functions. In this study, we report that Drosophila and Aedes have highly elastic cell membranes with extremely low membrane tension and high resistance to mechanical stress. In contrast to other eukaryotic cells, phospholipids are symmetrically distributed between the bilayer leaflets of the insect plasma membrane, where phospholipid scramblase (XKR) that disrupts the lipid asymmetry is constitutively active. We also demonstrate that XKR-facilitated phospholipid scrambling promotes the deformability of cell membranes by regulating both actin cortex dynamics and mechanical properties of the phospholipid bilayer. Moreover, XKR-mediated construction of elastic cell membranes is essential for hemocyte circulation in the Drosophila cardiovascular system. Deformation of mammalian cells is also enhanced by the expression of Aedes XKR, and thus phospholipid scrambling may contribute to formation of highly deformable cell membranes in a variety of living eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akifumi Shiomi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kohjiro Nagao
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Nobuhiro Yokota
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masaki Tsuchiya
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Utako Kato
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Naoto Juni
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuji Hara
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masayuki X Mori
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yasuo Mori
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ui-Tei
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Motohide Murate
- UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Toshihide Kobayashi
- UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Yuri Nishino
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kouto, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Atsuo Miyazawa
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kouto, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Akihisa Yamamoto
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Physics, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Physics, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Stefan Kaufmann
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Motomu Tanaka
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Physics, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kazuya Tatsumi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Nakabe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Shintaku
- Microfluidics RIKEN Hakubi Research Team, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Semen Yesylevsky
- Laboratoire Chrono Environnement UMR CNRS 6249, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France; Department of Physics of Biological Systems, Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prospect Nauky 46, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Mikhail Bogdanov
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, 6431 Fannin, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Masato Umeda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
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34
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Kuo CH, Huang YH, Chen PK, Lee GH, Tang MJ, Conway EM, Shi GY, Wu HL. VEGF-Induced Endothelial Podosomes via ROCK2-Dependent Thrombomodulin Expression Initiate Sprouting Angiogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:1657-1671. [PMID: 33730876 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.315931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsiang Kuo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (C.-H.K., P.-K.C., G.-Y.S.,
H.-L.W.)
- College of Medicine and International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (C.-H.K., G.-H.L., M.-J.T., H.-L.W.)
| | - Yi-Hsun Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (Y.-H.H.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (Y.-H.H.)
| | - Po-Ku Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (C.-H.K., P.-K.C., G.-Y.S.,
H.-L.W.)
- Now with Translational Medicine Laboratory, Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (P.-K. C.)
| | - Gang-Hui Lee
- College of Medicine and International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (C.-H.K., G.-H.L., M.-J.T., H.-L.W.)
| | - Ming-Jer Tang
- College of Medicine and International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (C.-H.K., G.-H.L., M.-J.T., H.-L.W.)
| | - Edward M Conway
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (E.M.C.)
| | - Guey-Yueh Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (C.-H.K., P.-K.C., G.-Y.S.,
H.-L.W.)
| | - Hua-Lin Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (C.-H.K., P.-K.C., G.-Y.S.,
H.-L.W.)
- College of Medicine and International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (C.-H.K., G.-H.L., M.-J.T., H.-L.W.)
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35
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Yano K, Kimura M, Watanabe Y, Ogihara T. Rapid Increase of Gastrointestinal P-Glycoprotein Functional Activity in Response to Etoposide Stimulation. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:701-706. [PMID: 33952826 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that exposure of human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells to the bitter substance phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) rapidly enhanced the transport function of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). In this study, we investigated the short-term effect of etoposide, another bitter-tasting P-gp substrate, on P-gp transport function in the same cell line. We found that etoposide exposure significantly increased both the P-gp protein level in the plasma membrane fraction and the efflux rate of rhodamine123 (Rho123) in Caco-2 cells within 10 min. The efflux ratio (ratio of the apparent permeability coefficient in the basal-to-apical direction to that in the apical-to-basal direction) of Rho123 in etoposide-treated cells was also significantly increased compared with the control. These results indicated that etoposide rapidly enhances P-gp function in Caco-2 cells. In contrast, P-gp expression in whole cells at both the mRNA and protein level was unchanged by etoposide exposure, compared with the levels in non-treated cells. Furthermore, etoposide increased the level of phosphorylated ezrin, radixin and moesin (P-ERM) proteins in the plasma membrane fraction of Caco-2 cells within 10 min. P-gp functional changes were blocked by YM022, an inhibitor of cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor. These results suggest that etoposide induces release of CCK, causing activation of the CCK receptor followed by phosphorylation of ERM proteins, which recruit intracellular P-gp for trafficking to the gastrointestinal membrane, thereby increasing the functional activity of P-gp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Yano
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Yokohama University of Pharmacy.,Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacology, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare
| | - Masaki Kimura
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacology, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare
| | - Yayoi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacology, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare
| | - Takuo Ogihara
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare
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36
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Fukusumi Y, Yasuda H, Zhang Y, Kawachi H. Nephrin-Ephrin-B1-Na +/H + Exchanger Regulatory Factor 2-Ezrin-Actin Axis Is Critical in Podocyte Injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:1209-1226. [PMID: 33887216 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Ephrin-B1 is one of the critical components of the slit diaphragm of kidney glomerular podocyte. However, the precise function of ephrin-B1 is unclear. To clarify the function of ephrin-B1, ephrin-B1-associated molecules were studied. RNA-sequencing analysis suggested that Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor 2 (NHERF2), a scaffolding protein, is associated with ephrin-B1. NHERF2 was expressed at the apical area and the slit diaphragm, and interacted with the nephrin-ephrin-B1 complex at the slit diaphragm. The nephrin-ephrin-B1-NHERF2 complex interacted with ezrin bound to F-actin. NHERF2 bound ephrin-B1 via its first postsynaptic density protein-95/disks large/zonula occludens-1 domain, and podocalyxin via its second postsynaptic density protein-95/disks large/zonula occludens-1 domain. Both in vitro analyses with human embryonic kidney 293 cells and in vivo study with rat nephrotic model showed that stimulaiton of the slit diaphragm, phosphorylation of nephrin and ephrin-B1, and dephosphorylation of NHERF2 and ezrin, disrupted the linkages of ephrin-B1-NHERF2 and NHERF2-ezrin. It is conceivable that the linkage of nephrin-ephrin-B1-NHERF2-ezrin-actin is a novel critical axis in the podocytes. Ephrin-B1 phosphorylation also disrupted the linkage of an apical transmembrane protein, podocalyxin, with NHERF2-ezrin-actin. The phosphorylation of ephrin-B1 and the consequent dephosphorylation of NHERF2 are critical initiation events leading to podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyasu Fukusumi
- Department of Cell Biology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hidenori Yasuda
- Department of Cell Biology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawachi
- Department of Cell Biology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
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37
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Zaman R, Lombardo A, Sauvanet C, Viswanatha R, Awad V, Bonomo LER, McDermitt D, Bretscher A. Effector-mediated ERM activation locally inhibits RhoA activity to shape the apical cell domain. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:211973. [PMID: 33836044 PMCID: PMC8185690 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202007146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) proteins link the plasma membrane to the actin cytoskeleton to generate apical structures, including microvilli. Among many kinases implicated in ERM activation are the homologues LOK and SLK. CRISPR/Cas9 was used to knock out all ERM proteins or LOK/SLK in human cells. LOK/SLK knockout eliminates all ERM-activating phosphorylation. The apical domains of cells lacking LOK/SLK or ERMs are strikingly similar and selectively altered, with loss of microvilli and with junctional actin replaced by ectopic myosin-II–containing apical contractile structures. Constitutively active ezrin can reverse the phenotypes of either ERM or LOK/SLK knockouts, indicating that a central function of LOK/SLK is to activate ERMs. Both knockout lines have elevated active RhoA with concomitant enhanced myosin light chain phosphorylation, revealing that active ERMs are negative regulators of RhoA. As RhoA-GTP activates LOK/SLK to activate ERM proteins, the ability of active ERMs to negatively regulate RhoA-GTP represents a novel local feedback loop necessary for the proper apical morphology of epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riasat Zaman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Andrew Lombardo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Cécile Sauvanet
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Raghuvir Viswanatha
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Valerie Awad
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Locke Ezra-Ros Bonomo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - David McDermitt
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Anthony Bretscher
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
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38
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ARHGEF10L Promotes Cervical Tumorigenesis via RhoA-Mediated Signaling. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6683264. [PMID: 33833821 PMCID: PMC8012150 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6683264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 10-like protein (ARHGEF10L) is a member of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor family, which regulates Rho GTPase activities, thus contributing to tumorigenesis. Our previous study demonstrated a strong association between the ARHGEF10L gene and the risk of cervical carcinoma. This study investigated the pathogenic role and mechanism of ARHGEF10L in cervical tumors. Methods The HeLa cell line, which was derived from cervical carcinoma, was transfected with ARHGEF10L-overexpressing plasmids or anti-ARHGEF10L siRNA. Cell counting kit-8 assays, wound-healing assays, and cell apoptosis assays were performed to investigate the effects of ARHGEF10L on cell activities. A Rho pull-down assay and RNA-sequencing analysis were performed to investigate the pathogenic pathway of ARHGEF10L involvement in cervical tumors. Results ARHGEF10L overexpression promoted cell proliferation and migration, reduced cell apoptosis, and induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via downregulation of E-cadherin and upregulation of N-cadherin and Slug in transfected HeLa cells. The overexpression of ARHGEF10L also upregulated GTP-RhoA, ROCK1, and phospho-ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) expression in HeLa cells. RNA-sequencing analysis detected altered transcription of 31 genes in HeLa cells with ARHGEF10L overexpression. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and gene ontology (GO) pathway analyses identified significant differences in cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity, cell responses to vitamin A, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. Both real-time PCR and Western blotting verified the increased expression of heat shock 70 kDa protein 6 (HSPA6) in ARHGEF10L-overexpressing HeLa cells. Since we reported that ARHGEF10L played a role through RhoA-ROCK1-ERM signaling, an important pathway in tumorigenesis, and stimulated EMT and HSPA6 expression in liver tumors and gastric tumor cells, we suggest that ARHGEF10L is a novel oncogene in many tumors.
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39
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Davenport CM, Rajappa R, Katchan L, Taylor CR, Tsai MC, Smith CM, de Jong JW, Arnold DB, Lammel S, Kramer RH. Relocation of an Extrasynaptic GABA A Receptor to Inhibitory Synapses Freezes Excitatory Synaptic Strength and Preserves Memory. Neuron 2021; 109:123-134.e4. [PMID: 33096025 PMCID: PMC7790995 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The excitatory synapse between hippocampal CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons exhibits long-term potentiation (LTP), a positive feedback process implicated in learning and memory in which postsynaptic depolarization strengthens synapses, promoting further depolarization. Without mechanisms for interrupting positive feedback, excitatory synapses could strengthen inexorably, corrupting memory storage. Here, we reveal a hidden form of inhibitory synaptic plasticity that prevents accumulation of excitatory LTP. We developed a knockin mouse that allows optical control of endogenous α5-subunit-containing γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptors (α5-GABARs). Induction of excitatory LTP relocates α5-GABARs, which are ordinarily extrasynaptic, to inhibitory synapses, quashing further NMDA receptor activation necessary for inducing more excitatory LTP. Blockade of α5-GABARs accelerates reversal learning, a behavioral test for cognitive flexibility dependent on repeated LTP. Hence, inhibitory synaptic plasticity occurs in parallel with excitatory synaptic plasticity, with the ensuing interruption of the positive feedback cycle of LTP serving as a possible critical early step in preserving memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Davenport
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Rajit Rajappa
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ljudmila Katchan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Charlotte R Taylor
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ming-Chi Tsai
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Caleb M Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Johannes W de Jong
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Don B Arnold
- Department of Biology, Section of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Stephan Lammel
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Richard H Kramer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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40
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Agbaegbu Iweka C, Hussein RK, Yu P, Katagiri Y, Geller HM. The lipid phosphatase-like protein PLPPR1 associates with RhoGDI1 to modulate RhoA activation in response to axon growth inhibitory molecules. J Neurochem 2021; 157:494-507. [PMID: 33320336 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipid Phosphatase-Related Protein Type 1 (PLPPR1) is a member of a family of lipid phosphatase related proteins, integral membrane proteins characterized by six transmembrane domains. This family of proteins is enriched in the brain and recent data indicate potential pleiotropic functions in several different contexts. An inherent ability of this family of proteins is to induce morphological changes, and we have previously reported that members of this family interact with each other and may function co-operatively. However, the function of PLPPR1 is not yet understood. Here we show that the expression of PLPPR1 reduces the inhibition of neurite outgrowth of cultured mouse hippocampal neurons by chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and the retraction of neurites of Neuro-2a cells by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Further, we show that PLPPR1 reduces the activation of Ras homolog family member A (RhoA) by LPA in Neuro-2a cells, and that this is because of an association of PLPPR1with the Rho-specific guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor (RhoGDI1). These results establish a novel signaling pathway for the PLPPR1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinyere Agbaegbu Iweka
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rowan K Hussein
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Panpan Yu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yasuhiro Katagiri
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Herbert M Geller
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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41
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Ligand-induced conformational rearrangements regulate the switch between membrane-proximal and distal functions of Rho kinase 2. Commun Biol 2020; 3:721. [PMID: 33247217 PMCID: PMC7699638 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01450-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho-associated protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) is a membrane-anchored, long, flexible, multidomain, multifunctional protein. Its functions can be divided into two categories: membrane-proximal and membrane-distal. A recent study concluded that membrane-distal functions require the fully extended conformation, and this conclusion was supported by electron microscopy. The present solution small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) study revealed that ROCK2 population is a dynamic mixture of folded and partially extended conformers. Binding of RhoA to the coiled-coil domain shifts the equilibrium towards the partially extended state. Enzyme activity measurements suggest that the binding of natural protein substrates to the kinase domain breaks up the interaction between the N-terminal kinase and C-terminal regulatory domains, but smaller substrate analogues do not. The present study reveals the dynamic behaviour of this long, dimeric molecule in solution, and our structural model provides a mechanistic explanation for a set of membrane-proximal functions while allowing for the existence of an extended conformation in the case of membrane-distal functions. Using small-angle X-ray scattering, Hajdú et al. show that Rho-associated protein kinase 2 population is a mixture of folded and partially extended conformers. They find that the binding of natural protein substrates to the kinase domain breaks up the interaction between the N-terminal kinase and C-terminal regulatory domains. This study identifies a dynamic behavior of this long, dimeric molecule in solution.
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De Belly H, Stubb A, Yanagida A, Labouesse C, Jones PH, Paluch EK, Chalut KJ. Membrane Tension Gates ERK-Mediated Regulation of Pluripotent Cell Fate. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 28:273-284.e6. [PMID: 33217323 PMCID: PMC7875115 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell fate transitions are frequently accompanied by changes in cell shape and mechanics. However, how cellular mechanics affects the instructive signaling pathways controlling cell fate is poorly understood. To probe the interplay between shape, mechanics, and fate, we use mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), which change shape as they undergo early differentiation. We find that shape change is regulated by a β-catenin-mediated decrease in RhoA activity and subsequent decrease in the plasma membrane tension. Strikingly, preventing a decrease in membrane tension results in early differentiation defects in ESCs and gastruloids. Decreased membrane tension facilitates the endocytosis of FGF signaling components, which activate ERK signaling and direct the exit from the ESC state. Increasing Rab5a-facilitated endocytosis rescues defective early differentiation. Thus, we show that a mechanically triggered increase in endocytosis regulates early differentiation. Our findings are of fundamental importance for understanding how cell mechanics regulates biochemical signaling and therefore cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry De Belly
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Wellcome/MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Research Institute, Puddicombe Way, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Aki Stubb
- Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Ayaka Yanagida
- Wellcome/MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Research Institute, Puddicombe Way, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Céline Labouesse
- Wellcome/MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Research Institute, Puddicombe Way, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Philip H Jones
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ewa K Paluch
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK.
| | - Kevin J Chalut
- Wellcome/MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Research Institute, Puddicombe Way, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK.
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Song Y, Ma X, Zhang M, Wang M, Wang G, Ye Y, Xia W. Ezrin Mediates Invasion and Metastasis in Tumorigenesis: A Review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:588801. [PMID: 33240887 PMCID: PMC7683424 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.588801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ezrin, as encoded by the EZR gene, is a member of the Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin (ERM) family. The ERM family includes three highly related actin filament binding proteins, Ezrin, Radixin, and Moesin. These three members share similar structural properties containing an N-terminal domain named FERM, a central helical linker region, and a C-terminal domain that mediates the interaction with F-actin. Ezrin protein is highly regulated through the conformational change between a closed, inactivate form and an open, active form. As a membrane-cytoskeleton linker protein, Ezrin facilitates numerous signal transductions in tumorigenesis and mediates diverse essential functions through interactions with a variety of growth factor receptors and adhesion molecules. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that Ezrin is an oncogene protein, as high levels of Ezrin are associated with metastatic behavior in various types of cancer. The diverse functions attributed to Ezrin and the understanding of how Ezrin drives the deadly process of metastasis are complex and often controversial. Here by reviewing recent findings across a wide spectrum of cancer types we will highlight the structures, protein interactions and oncogenic roles of Ezrin as well as the emerging therapeutic agents targeting Ezrin. This review provides a comprehensive framework to guide future studies of Ezrin and other ERM proteins in basic and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Song
- Central Laboratory, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaokun Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Menghan Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoyu Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Ye
- Central Laboratory, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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44
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Meng F, Su Y, Xu B. Rho-associated protein kinase-dependent moesin phosphorylation is required for PD-L1 stabilization in breast cancer. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:2701-2712. [PMID: 32941674 PMCID: PMC7607174 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of programmed cell death ligand (PD-L1) is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. Understanding the regulation of PD-L1 expression in breast cancer could provide a new strategy for breast cancer treatment. Here, we demonstrate that moesin (MSN) phosphorylation by Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) stabilizes PD-L1 protein levels. Our results indicate that phosphorylated MSN may compete with the E3 ubiquitin ligase SPOP for binding PD-L1. ROCK inhibition via the Y-27632 inhibitor or MSN silencing decreased PD-L1 expression, resulting in T-cell activation both in vitro and in vivo. Administration of Y-27632 into immunocompetent Balb/c mice bearing breast tumors suppressed tumor progression and enhanced CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell infiltration. RNA-seq analysis of Y-27632-treated mouse tumors revealed that ROCK inhibition upregulated several immune response genes. However, the combination of Y-27632 and an anti-PD-1 antibody did not show additive or synergistic effects due to reduced PD-L1 in the presence of Y-27632. Our study unravels a previously unappreciated mechanism of PD-L1 regulation through the ROCK-MSN pathway. Moreover, we found that ROCK inhibitors could be combined with breast cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanbiao Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Center for Intelligent Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University School of Medicine, Chongqing, China
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45
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Reduced Mrp2 surface availability as PI3Kγ-mediated hepatocytic dysfunction reflecting a hallmark of cholestasis in sepsis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13110. [PMID: 32753644 PMCID: PMC7403153 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69901-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated liver dysfunction manifesting as cholestasis is common during multiple organ failure. Three hepatocytic dysfunctions are considered as major hallmarks of cholestasis in sepsis: impairments of microvilli covering canalicular membranes, disruptions of tight junctions sealing bile-collecting canaliculae and disruptions of Mrp2-mediated hepatobiliary transport. PI3Kγ loss-of-function was suggested as beneficial in early sepsis. Yet, the PI3Kγ-regulated cellular processes in hepatocytes remained largely unclear. We analysed all three sepsis hallmarks for responsiveness to massive PI3K/Akt signalling and PI3Kγ loss-of-function, respectively. Surprisingly, neither microvilli nor tight junctions were strongly modulated, as shown by electron microscopical studies of mouse liver samples. Instead, quantitative electron microscopy proved that solely Mrp2 surface availability, i.e. the third hallmark, responded strongly to PI3K/Akt signalling. Mrp2 plasma membrane levels were massively reduced upon PI3K/Akt signalling. Importantly, Mrp2 levels at the plasma membrane of PI3Kγ KO hepatocytes remained unaffected upon PI3K/Akt signalling stimulation. The effect explicitly relied on PI3Kγ's enzymatic ability, as shown by PI3Kγ kinase-dead mice. Keeping the surface availability of the biliary transporter Mrp2 therefore is a cell biological process that may underlie the observation that PI3Kγ loss-of-function protects from hepatic excretory dysfunction during early sepsis and Mrp2 should thus take center stage in pharmacological interventions.
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46
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Ramalho JJ, Sepers JJ, Nicolle O, Schmidt R, Cravo J, Michaux G, Boxem M. C-terminal phosphorylation modulates ERM-1 localization and dynamics to control cortical actin organization and support lumen formation during Caenorhabditiselegans development. Development 2020; 147:dev188011. [PMID: 32586975 PMCID: PMC10755404 DOI: 10.1242/dev.188011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2023]
Abstract
ERM proteins are conserved regulators of cortical membrane specialization that function as membrane-actin linkers and molecular hubs. The activity of ERM proteins requires a conformational switch from an inactive cytoplasmic form into an active membrane- and actin-bound form, which is thought to be mediated by sequential PIP2 binding and phosphorylation of a conserved C-terminal threonine residue. Here, we use the single Caenorhabditiselegans ERM ortholog, ERM-1, to study the contribution of these regulatory events to ERM activity and tissue formation in vivo Using CRISPR/Cas9-generated erm-1 mutant alleles, we demonstrate that a PIP2-binding site is crucially required for ERM-1 function. By contrast, dynamic regulation of C-terminal T544 phosphorylation is not essential but modulates ERM-1 apical localization and dynamics in a tissue-specific manner, to control cortical actin organization and support lumen formation in epithelial tubes. Our work highlights the dynamic nature of ERM protein regulation during tissue morphogenesis and the importance of C-terminal phosphorylation in fine-tuning ERM activity in a tissue-specific context.
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Affiliation(s)
- João J Ramalho
- Division of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jorian J Sepers
- Division of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ophélie Nicolle
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et de Développement de Rennes), UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Ruben Schmidt
- Division of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Janine Cravo
- Division of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Grégoire Michaux
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et de Développement de Rennes), UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Mike Boxem
- Division of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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47
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Rainey L, Deevi RK, McClements J, Khawaja H, Watson CJ, Roudier M, Van Schaeybroeck S, Campbell FC. Fundamental control of grade-specific colorectal cancer morphology by Src regulation of ezrin-centrosome engagement. J Pathol 2020; 251:310-322. [PMID: 32315081 DOI: 10.1002/path.5452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The phenotypic spectrum of colorectal cancer (CRC) is remarkably diverse, with seemingly endless variations in cell shape, mitotic figures and multicellular configurations. Despite this morphological complexity, histological grading of collective phenotype patterns provides robust prognostic stratification in CRC. Although mechanistic understanding is incomplete, previous studies have shown that the cortical protein ezrin controls diversification of cell shape, mitotic figure geometry and multicellular architecture, in 3D organotypic CRC cultures. Because ezrin is a substrate of Src tyrosine kinase that is frequently overexpressed in CRC, we investigated Src regulation of ezrin and morphogenic growth in 3D CRC cultures. Here we show that Src perturbations disrupt CRC epithelial spatial organisation. Aberrant Src activity suppresses formation of the cortical ezrin cap that anchors interphase centrosomes. In CRC cells with a normal centrosome number, these events lead to mitotic spindle misorientation, perturbation of cell cleavage, abnormal epithelial stratification, apical membrane misalignment, multilumen formation and evolution of cribriform multicellular morphology, a feature of low-grade cancer. In isogenic CRC cells with centrosome amplification, aberrant Src signalling promotes multipolar mitotic spindle formation, pleomorphism and morphological features of high-grade cancer. Translational studies in archival human CRC revealed associations between Src intensity, multipolar mitotic spindle frequency and high-grade cancer morphology. Collectively, our study reveals Src regulation of CRC morphogenic growth via ezrin-centrosome engagement and uncovers combined perturbations underlying transition to high-grade CRC morphology. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Rainey
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast and Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Ravi K Deevi
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast and Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Jane McClements
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast and Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Hajrah Khawaja
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast and Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Chris J Watson
- Wellcome Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Martine Roudier
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, AstraZeneca Oncology Translational Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sandra Van Schaeybroeck
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast and Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Frederick C Campbell
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast and Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
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48
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Seccia TM, Rigato M, Ravarotto V, Calò LA. ROCK (RhoA/Rho Kinase) in Cardiovascular-Renal Pathophysiology: A Review of New Advancements. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051328. [PMID: 32370294 PMCID: PMC7290501 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing kinases (ROCK) were originally identified as effectors of the RhoA small GTPase and found to belong to the AGC family of serine/threonine kinases. They were shown to be downstream effectors of RhoA and RhoC activation. They signal via phosphorylation of proteins such as MYPT-1, thereby regulating many key cellular functions including proliferation, motility and viability and the RhoA/ROCK signaling has been shown to be deeply involved in arterial hypertension, cardiovascular–renal remodeling, hypertensive nephropathy and posttransplant hypertension. Given the deep involvement of ROCK in cardiovascular–renal pathophysiology and the interaction of ROCK signaling with other signaling pathways, the reports of trials on the clinical beneficial effects of ROCK’s pharmacologic targeting are growing. In this current review, we provide a brief survey of the current understanding of ROCK-signaling pathways, also integrating with the more novel data that overall support a relevant role of ROCK for the cardiovascular–renal physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa M. Seccia
- Department of Medicine, Hypertension Clinic, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | - Matteo Rigato
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (M.R.); (V.R.)
| | - Verdiana Ravarotto
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (M.R.); (V.R.)
| | - Lorenzo A. Calò
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (M.R.); (V.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-8213071; Fax: +39-049-8217921
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49
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Wang DW, Tang JY, Zhang GQ, Chang XT. ARHGEF10L expression regulates cell proliferation and migration in gastric tumorigenesis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:1362-1372. [PMID: 32154766 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1737503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 10-like protein (ARHGEF10L) activated Rho GTPases as guanine nucleotide exchange factor to stimulate liver tumorigenesis. The present study continued to explore the effect of ARHGEF10L on the tumorigenic process of gastric cancer. This study detected increased expression of ARHGEF10L in GC tissues compared to peritumoral tissue samples. SGC7901 cells with ARHGEF10L overexpression showed increased cell proliferation, cell migration, and tube-like structure formation abilities, as well as increased expression of GTP-RhoA, ROCK1, and phospho-Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin. ARHGEF10L overexpression downregulated the expression of E-cadherin and upregulated the expression of N-cadherin and Slug, indicating an activation of EMT in the transfected cells. RNA-sequencing assay detected an increased expression of Heat shock 70 kDa protein 6 in the SGC7901 cells overexpressing ARHGEF10L. The above results suggest that ARHGEF10L expression can stimulate gastric tumorigenesis by prompting RhoA-ROCK1-phospho-ERM signaling, inducing EMT and increasing HSPA6 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Yi Tang
- Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Qingdao University , Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Tian Chang
- Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China.,Medical Research Center, Qingdao University , Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
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50
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Naso F, Intartaglia D, Falanga D, Soldati C, Polishchuk E, Giamundo G, Tiberi P, Marrocco E, Scudieri P, Di Malta C, Trapani I, Nusco E, Salierno FG, Surace EM, Galietta LJ, Banfi S, Auricchio A, Ballabio A, Medina DL, Conte I. Light-responsive microRNA miR-211 targets Ezrin to modulate lysosomal biogenesis and retinal cell clearance. EMBO J 2020; 39:e102468. [PMID: 32154600 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019102468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate vision relies on the daily phagocytosis and lysosomal degradation of photoreceptor outer segments (POS) within the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). However, how these events are controlled by light is largely unknown. Here, we show that the light-responsive miR-211 controls lysosomal biogenesis at the beginning of light-dark transitions in the RPE by targeting Ezrin, a cytoskeleton-associated protein essential for the regulation of calcium homeostasis. miR-211-mediated down-regulation of Ezrin leads to Ca2+ influx resulting in the activation of calcineurin, which in turn activates TFEB, the master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis. Light-mediated induction of lysosomal biogenesis and function is impaired in the RPE from miR-211-/- mice that show severely compromised vision. Pharmacological restoration of lysosomal biogenesis through Ezrin inhibition rescued the miR-211-/- phenotype, pointing to a new therapeutic target to counteract retinal degeneration associated with lysosomal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Naso
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | | | - Danila Falanga
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Chiara Soldati
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Elena Polishchuk
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Giuliana Giamundo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Paola Tiberi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Elena Marrocco
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Paolo Scudieri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Chiara Di Malta
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Ivana Trapani
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Edoardo Nusco
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | | | - Enrico Maria Surace
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luis Jv Galietta
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sandro Banfi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy.,Medical Genetics, Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Auricchio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Diego Luis Medina
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Ivan Conte
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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