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Luo B, Ding L. Ion channels and ions as therapeutic targets and strategies for herpes simplex virus infection. Future Virol 2022. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2022-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a highly contagious virus that cannot be completely cured currently. Existing treatment methods are mainly nucleoside antiviral drugs, and the emergence of drug-resistant strains severely limits their use. There is an urgent need to discover antiviral drugs that act on new targets. Ion channels, a class of cellular proteins with a wide range of functions, have become critical host factors for a wide variety of viral infections. Ion channel blockers have been shown to have antiviral activity. In this study, we discuss the role of ion channels and ions in the HSV life cycle, and the potential of targeting ion channels as a novel, pharmacologically safe and wide-range antiviral treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binhua Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science & Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine of South Hubei Province, Xianning, 437100, China
| | - Liqiong Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science & Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine of South Hubei Province, Xianning, 437100, China
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Pathophysiological roles and therapeutic potential of voltage-gated ion channels (VGICs) in pain associated with herpesvirus infection. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:70. [PMID: 32489585 PMCID: PMC7247163 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00430-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpesvirus is ranked as one of the grand old members of all pathogens. Of all the viruses in the superfamily, Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is considered as a model virus for a variety of reasons. In a permissive non-neuronal cell culture, HSV-1 concludes the entire life cycle in approximately 18–20 h, encoding approximately 90 unique transcriptional units. In latency, the robust viral gene expression is suppressed in neurons by a group of noncoding RNA. Historically the lesions caused by the virus can date back to centuries ago. As a neurotropic pathogen, HSV-1 is associated with painful oral lesions, severe keratitis and lethal encephalitis. Transmission of pain signals is dependent on the generation and propagation of action potential in sensory neurons. T-type Ca2+ channels serve as a preamplifier of action potential generation. Voltage-gated Na+ channels are the main components for action potential production. This review summarizes not only the voltage-gated ion channels in neuropathic disorders but also provides the new insights into HSV-1 induced pain.
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Modulation of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Activity in Human Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons by Herpesvirus Quiescent Infection. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01823-19. [PMID: 31694955 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01823-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms of pain associated with alphaherpesvirus latency are not clear. We hypothesize that the voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC) on the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons controlling electrical impulses may have abnormal activity during latent viral infection and reactivation. We used herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) to infect the human DRG-derived neuronal cell line HD10.6 in order to study the establishment and maintenance of viral latency, viral reactivation, and changes in the functional expression of VGSCs. Differentiated cells exhibited robust tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive sodium currents, and acute infection significantly reduced the functional expression of VGSCs within 24 h and completely abolished VGSC activity within 3 days. A quiescent state of infection mimicking latency can be achieved in the presence of acyclovir (ACV) for 7 days followed by 5 days of ACV washout, and then the viruses can remain dormant for another 3 weeks. It was noted that during the establishment of HSV-1 latency, the loss of VGSC activity caused by HSV-1 infection could not be blocked by ACV treatment. However, neurons with continued ACV treatment for another 4 days showed a gradual recovery of VGSC functional expression. Furthermore, the latently infected neurons exhibited higher VGSC activity than controls. The overall regulation of VGSCs by HSV-1 during quiescent infection was proved by increased transcription and possible translation of Nav1.7. Together, these observations demonstrated a very complex pattern of electrophysiological changes during HSV infection of DRG neurons, which may have implications for understanding of the mechanisms of virus-mediated pain linked to latency and reactivation.IMPORTANCE The reactivation of herpesviruses, most commonly varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and pseudorabies virus (PRV), may cause cranial nerve disorder and unbearable pain. Clinical studies have also reported that HSV-1 causes postherpetic neuralgia and chronic occipital neuralgia in humans. The current work meticulously studies the functional expression profile changes of VGSCs during the processes of HSV-1 latency establishment and reactivation using human dorsal root ganglion-derived neuronal HD10.6 cells as an in vitro model. Our results indicated that VGSC activity was eliminated upon infection but steadily recovered during latency establishment and that latent neurons exhibited even higher VGSC activity. This finding advances our knowledge of how ganglion neurons generate uncharacteristic electrical impulses due to abnormal VGSC functional expression influenced by the latent virus.
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Zhang Q, Hsia SC, Martin-Caraballo M. Regulation of T-type Ca 2+ channel expression by interleukin-6 in sensory-like ND7/23 cells post-herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) infection. J Neurochem 2019; 151:238-254. [PMID: 30888683 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus-type 1 (HSV-1) infection of sensory neurons may lead to a significant reduction in the expression of voltage-activated Na+ and Ca2+ channels, which can disrupt the transmission of pain information. Viral infection also results in the secretion of various pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6. In this work, we tested whether IL-6 regulates the expression of Na+ and Ca2+ channels post-HSV-1 infection in ND7/23 sensory-like neurons. Our results demonstrate that HSV-1 infection causes a significant decrease in the protein expression of the Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channel subunit, despite increasing Cav3.2 mRNA synthesis. Neither Cav3.2 mRNA nor total protein content was affected by IL-6 treatment post-HSV-1 infection. In ND7/23 cells, HSV-1 infection caused a significant reduction in the expression of Na+ and T-type Ca2+ channels within 48 h. Exposure of ND7/23 cells to IL-6 for 24 h post-infection reverses the effect of HSV-1, resulting in a significant increase in T-type Ca2+ current density. However, Na+ currents were not restored by 24-h treatment with IL-6 post-HSV-1 infection of ND7/23 cells. The ability of IL-6 to increase the functional expression of T-type Ca2+ channels on the membrane was blocked by the inhibition of protein trafficking with brefeldin-A and ERK1/2 activation. These results indicate that IL-6 release following HSV-1 infection regulates the expression of T-type Ca2+ channels, which may alter the transmission of pain information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaojuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland, USA
| | - Shao-Chung Hsia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland, USA
| | - Miguel Martin-Caraballo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland, USA
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Abstract
Bell’s palsy is the most common condition involving a rapid and unilateral onset of peripheral paresis/paralysis of the seventh cranial nerve. It affects 11.5–53.3 per 100,000 individuals a year across different populations. Bell’s palsy is a health issue causing concern and has an extremely negative effect on both patients and their families. Therefore, diagnosis and prompt cause determination are key for early treatment. However, the etiology of Bell’s palsy is unclear, and this affects its treatment. Thus, it is critical to determine the causes of Bell’s palsy so that targeted treatment approaches can be developed and employed. This article reviews the literature on the diagnosis of Bell’s palsy and examines possible etiologies of the disorder. It also suggests that the diagnosis of idiopathic facial palsy is based on exclusion and is most often made based on five factors including anatomical structure, viral infection, ischemia, inflammation, and cold stimulation responsivity.
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Dai W, Wu Y, Bi J, Wang S, Li F, Kong W, Barbier J, Cintrat JC, Gao F, Gillet D, Su W, Jiang C. Antiviral Effects of ABMA against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 In Vitro and In Vivo. Viruses 2018. [PMID: 29522484 PMCID: PMC5869512 DOI: 10.3390/v10030119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is the causative pathogen of genital herpes and is closely associated with the occurrence of cervical cancer and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The absence of an effective vaccine and the emergence of drug resistance to commonly used nucleoside analogs emphasize the urgent need for alternative antivirals against HSV-2. Recently, ABMA [1-adamantyl (5-bromo-2-methoxybenzyl) amine] has been demonstrated to be an inhibitor of several pathogens exploiting host-vesicle transport, which also participates in the HSV-2 lifecycle. Here, we showed that ABMA inhibited HSV-2-induced cytopathic effects and plaque formation with 50% effective concentrations of 1.66 and 1.08 μM, respectively. We also preliminarily demonstrated in a time of compound addition assay that ABMA exerted a dual antiviral mechanism by impairing virus entry, as well as the late stages of the HSV-2 lifecycle. Furthermore, in vivo studies showed that ABMA protected BALB/c mice from intravaginal HSV-2 challenge with an improved survival rate of 50% at 5 mg/kg (8.33% for the untreated virus infected control). Consequently, our study has identified ABMA as an effective inhibitor of HSV-2, both in vitro and in vivo, for the first time and presents an alternative to nucleoside analogs for HSV-2 infection treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Dai
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China.
| | - Yu Wu
- SIMOPRO, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
| | - Jinpeng Bi
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China.
| | - Shuai Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China.
| | - Fang Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China.
| | - Wei Kong
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China.
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China.
| | - Julien Barbier
- SIMOPRO, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
| | | | - Feng Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China.
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China.
| | - Daniel Gillet
- SIMOPRO, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
| | - Weiheng Su
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China.
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China.
| | - Chunlai Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China.
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China.
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Zhang Q, Hsia SC, Martin-Caraballo M. Regulation of T-type Ca 2+ channel expression by herpes simplex virus-1 infection in sensory-like ND7 cells. J Neurovirol 2017. [PMID: 28639215 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-017-0545-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Infection of sensory neurons by herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 disrupts electrical excitability, altering pain sensory transmission. Because of their low threshold for activation, functional expression of T-type Ca2+ channels regulates various cell functions, including neuronal excitability and neuronal communication. In this study, we have tested the effect of HSV-1 infection on the functional expression of T-type Ca2+ channels in differentiated ND7-23 sensory-like neurons. Voltage-gated Ca2+ currents were measured using whole cell patch clamp recordings in differentiated ND7-23 neurons under various culture conditions. Differentiation of ND7-23 cells evokes a significant increase in T-type Ca2+ current densities. Increased T-type Ca2+ channel expression promotes the morphological differentiation of ND7-23 cells and triggers a rebound depolarization. HSV-1 infection of differentiated ND7-23 cells causes a significant loss of T-type Ca2+ channels from the membrane. HSV-1 evoked reduction in the functional expression of T-type Ca2+ channels is mediated by several factors, including decreased expression of Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channel subunits and disruption of endocytic transport. Decreased functional expression of T-type Ca2+ channels by HSV-1 infection requires protein synthesis and viral replication, but occurs independently of Egr-1 expression. These findings suggest that infection of neuron-like cells by HSV-1 causes a significant disruption in the expression of T-type Ca2+ channels, which can results in morphological and functional changes in electrical excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaojuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD, 21853, USA
| | - Shao-Chung Hsia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD, 21853, USA
| | - Miguel Martin-Caraballo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD, 21853, USA.
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Rousseau A, Nasser G, Chiquet C, Barreau E, Gendron G, Kaswin G, M’Garrech M, Benoudiba F, Ducreux D, Labetoulle M. Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging of trigeminal nerves in relapsing herpetic keratouveitis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122186. [PMID: 25830672 PMCID: PMC4382307 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Corneal hypoesthesia is the landmark of HSV and VZV keratitis and can lead to neurotrophic keratitis. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) derived technique, which offers possibilities to study axonal architecture. We aimed at assessing the potential impact of recurrent HSV or VZV-related keratitis on the axonal architecture of trigeminal nerves using DTI. Design Prospective non-interventional study. Participants Twelve patients and 24 controls. Methods DTI using MRI of the trigeminal fibers and corneal esthesiometry using the Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer were acquired for patients affected by unilateral and recurrent HSV or VZV-related keratitis (3 months after the last corneal inflammatory event), and control subjects with no history of ocular or neuronal disease affecting the trigeminal pathways. Main Outcome Measures Fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were compared between the 2 eyes of both patients and controls, and correlated with corneal esthesiometry. Results FA was lower in the trigeminal fibers ipsilateral to the affected eye compared to the non-affected side (0.39±0.02 versus 0.46±0.04, P=0.03). This difference was more important than the intra-individual variability observed in controls. Concomitantly, the asymmetry in ADC results was significantly correlated with the loss of corneal sensitivity in the affected eye. Conclusions Corneal hypoesthesia related to HSV and VZV keratitis is associated with persistent modifications in the architecture and functionality of the trigeminal fibers. These results add further explanation to the pathogenesis of HSV and VZV-induced neurotrophic keratitis, which may occur despite an apparent quiescence of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Rousseau
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Ghaïdaa Nasser
- Department of Neuroradiology, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Christophe Chiquet
- Department of Ophthalmology, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Emmanuel Barreau
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Gael Gendron
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Godefroy Kaswin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Mohamed M’Garrech
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Farida Benoudiba
- Department of Neuroradiology, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Denis Ducreux
- Department of Neuroradiology, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- * E-mail: (ML); (DD)
| | - Marc Labetoulle
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- * E-mail: (ML); (DD)
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Yu L, Reynaud F, Falk J, Spencer A, Ding YD, Baumlé V, Lu R, Castellani V, Yuan C, Rudkin BB. Highly efficient method for gene delivery into mouse dorsal root ganglia neurons. Front Mol Neurosci 2015; 8:2. [PMID: 25698920 PMCID: PMC4313362 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2015.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of gene transfection technologies has greatly advanced our understanding of life sciences. While use of viral vectors has clear efficacy, it requires specific expertise and biological containment conditions. Electroporation has become an effective and commonly used method for introducing DNA into neurons and in intact brain tissue. The present study describes the use of the Neon® electroporation system to transfect genes into dorsal root ganglia neurons isolated from embryonic mouse Day 13.5–16. This cell type has been particularly recalcitrant and refractory to physical or chemical methods for introduction of DNA. By optimizing the culture condition and parameters including voltage and duration for this specific electroporation system, high efficiency (60–80%) and low toxicity (>60% survival) were achieved with robust differentiation in response to Nerve growth factor (NGF). Moreover, 3–50 times fewer cells are needed (6 × 104) compared with other traditional electroporation methods. This approach underlines the efficacy of this type of electroporation, particularly when only limited amount of cells can be obtained, and is expected to greatly facilitate the study of gene function in dorsal root ganglia neuron cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Yu
- Differentiation and Cell Cycle Group, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule, UMR 5239, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ecole normale Supérieure de Lyon, University of Lyon 1 Claude Bernard, University of Lyon Lyon, France ; Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurophysiology, East China Normal University Shanghai, China ; Joint Laboratory of Neuropathogenesis, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Chinese Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon Shanghai, China
| | - Florie Reynaud
- Centre de Génétique et Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5534, University of Lyon 1 Claude Bernard, University of Lyon Villeurbanne, France
| | - Julien Falk
- Centre de Génétique et Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5534, University of Lyon 1 Claude Bernard, University of Lyon Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ambre Spencer
- Differentiation and Cell Cycle Group, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule, UMR 5239, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ecole normale Supérieure de Lyon, University of Lyon 1 Claude Bernard, University of Lyon Lyon, France ; Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurophysiology, East China Normal University Shanghai, China ; Joint Laboratory of Neuropathogenesis, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Chinese Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon Shanghai, China
| | - Yin-Di Ding
- Differentiation and Cell Cycle Group, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule, UMR 5239, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ecole normale Supérieure de Lyon, University of Lyon 1 Claude Bernard, University of Lyon Lyon, France ; Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurophysiology, East China Normal University Shanghai, China ; Joint Laboratory of Neuropathogenesis, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Chinese Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon Shanghai, China
| | - Véronique Baumlé
- Differentiation and Cell Cycle Group, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule, UMR 5239, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ecole normale Supérieure de Lyon, University of Lyon 1 Claude Bernard, University of Lyon Lyon, France ; Joint Laboratory of Neuropathogenesis, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Chinese Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon Shanghai, China
| | - Ruisheng Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurophysiology, East China Normal University Shanghai, China ; Joint Laboratory of Neuropathogenesis, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Chinese Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon Shanghai, China
| | - Valérie Castellani
- Centre de Génétique et Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5534, University of Lyon 1 Claude Bernard, University of Lyon Villeurbanne, France
| | - Chonggang Yuan
- Differentiation and Cell Cycle Group, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule, UMR 5239, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ecole normale Supérieure de Lyon, University of Lyon 1 Claude Bernard, University of Lyon Lyon, France ; Joint Laboratory of Neuropathogenesis, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Chinese Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon Shanghai, China
| | - Brian B Rudkin
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurophysiology, East China Normal University Shanghai, China ; Joint Laboratory of Neuropathogenesis, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Chinese Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon Shanghai, China
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Burtscher V, Schicker K, Novikova E, Pöhn B, Stockner T, Kugler C, Singh A, Zeitz C, Lancelot ME, Audo I, Leroy BP, Freissmuth M, Herzig S, Matthes J, Koschak A. Spectrum of Cav1.4 dysfunction in congenital stationary night blindness type 2. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2014; 1838:2053-65. [PMID: 24796500 PMCID: PMC4065569 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Defective retinal synaptic transmission in patients affected with congenital stationary night blindness type 2 (CSNB2) can result from different dysfunction phenotypes in Cav1.4 L-type calcium channels. Here we investigated two prototypical Cav1.4 variants from either end of the functional spectrum. Using whole-cell and single-channel patch-clamp techniques, we provide analysis of the biophysical characteristics of the point mutation L860P and the C-terminal truncating mutation R1827X. L860P showed a typical loss-of-function phenotype attributed to a reduced number of functional channels expressed at the plasma membrane as implied by gating current and non-stationary noise analyses. This phenotype can be rationalized, because the inserted proline is predicted to break an amphipatic helix close to the transmembrane segment IIIS1 and thus to reduce channel stability and promote misfolding. In fact, L860P was subject to an increased turnover. In contrast, R1827X displayed an apparent gain-of-function phenotype, i.e., due to a hyperpolarizing shift of the IV-curve and increased single-channel activity. However, truncation also resulted in the loss of functional C-terminal modulation and thus unmasked calcium-dependent inactivation. Thus R1827X failed to support continuous calcium influx. Current inactivation curtails the dynamic range of photoreceptors (e.g., when adapting to variation in illumination). Taken together, the analysis of two representative mutations that occur in CSNB2 patients revealed fundamental differences in the underlying defect. These may explain subtle variations in the clinical manifestation and must be taken into account, if channel function is to be restored by pharmacochaperones or related approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Burtscher
- Medical University Vienna, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and -pharmacology, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Schicker
- Medical University Vienna, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and -pharmacology, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elena Novikova
- University of Cologne, Department of Pharmacology and Center of Molecular Medicine, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Birgit Pöhn
- Medical University Vienna, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and -pharmacology, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Stockner
- Medical University Vienna, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Währingerstrasse 13A, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Christof Kugler
- Medical University Vienna, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and -pharmacology, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anamika Singh
- University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80-82/III, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christina Zeitz
- INSERM, UMR_S968, Paris F-75012, France; CNRS, UMR_7210, Paris F-75012, France; UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, Paris F-75012, France
| | - Marie-Elise Lancelot
- INSERM, UMR_S968, Paris F-75012, France; CNRS, UMR_7210, Paris F-75012, France; UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, Paris F-75012, France
| | - Isabelle Audo
- INSERM, UMR_S968, Paris F-75012, France; CNRS, UMR_7210, Paris F-75012, France; UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, Paris F-75012, France; Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DHOS CIC 503, Paris F-75012, France; UCL-Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Bart Peter Leroy
- Dept of Ophthalmology & Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital & Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michael Freissmuth
- Medical University Vienna, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Währingerstrasse 13A, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Stefan Herzig
- University of Cologne, Department of Pharmacology and Center of Molecular Medicine, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Matthes
- University of Cologne, Department of Pharmacology and Center of Molecular Medicine, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexandra Koschak
- Medical University Vienna, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and -pharmacology, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Kennedy PGE, Montague P, Scott F, Grinfeld E, Ashrafi GH, Breuer J, Rowan EG. Varicella-zoster viruses associated with post-herpetic neuralgia induce sodium current density increases in the ND7-23 Nav-1.8 neuroblastoma cell line. PLoS One 2013; 8:e51570. [PMID: 23382806 PMCID: PMC3561399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) is the most significant complication of herpes zoster caused by reactivation of latent Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV). We undertook a heterologous infection in vitro study to determine whether PHN-associated VZV isolates induce changes in sodium ion channel currents known to be associated with neuropathic pain. Twenty VZV isolates were studied blind from 11 PHN and 9 non-PHN subjects. Viruses were propagated in the MeWo cell line from which cell-free virus was harvested and applied to the ND7/23-Nav1.8 rat DRG x mouse neuroblastoma hybrid cell line which showed constitutive expression of the exogenous Nav 1.8, and endogenous expression of Nav 1.6 and Nav 1.7 genes all encoding sodium ion channels the dysregulation of which is associated with a range of neuropathic pain syndromes. After 72 hrs all three classes of VZV gene transcripts were detected in the absence of infectious virus. Single cell sodium ion channel recording was performed after 72 hr by voltage-clamping. PHN-associated VZV significantly increased sodium current amplitude in the cell line when compared with non-PHN VZV, wild-type (Dumas) or vaccine VZV strains ((POka, Merck and GSK). These sodium current increases were unaffected by acyclovir pre-treatment but were abolished by exposure to Tetrodotoxin (TTX) which blocks the TTX-sensitive fast Nav 1.6 and Nav 1.7 channels but not the TTX-resistant slow Nav 1.8 channel. PHN-associated VZV sodium current increases were therefore mediated in part by the Nav 1.6 and Nav 1.7 sodium ion channels. An additional observation was a modest increase in message levels of both Nav1.6 and Nav1.7 mRNA but not Nav 1.8 in PHN virally infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G E Kennedy
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
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12
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Swanwick RS, Pristerá A, Okuse K. The trafficking of Na(V)1.8. Neurosci Lett 2010; 486:78-83. [PMID: 20816723 PMCID: PMC2977848 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Revised: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The α-subunit of tetrodotoxin-resistant voltage-gated sodium channel Na(V)1.8 is selectively expressed in sensory neurons. It has been reported that Na(V)1.8 is involved in the transmission of nociceptive information from sensory neurons to the central nervous system in nociceptive [1] and neuropathic [24] pain conditions. Thus Na(V)1.8 has been a promising target to treat chronic pain. Here we discuss the recent advances in the study of trafficking mechanism of Na(V)1.8. These pieces of information are particularly important as such trafficking machinery could be new targets for painkillers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kenji Okuse
- Division of Cell & Molecular Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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13
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Dib-Hajj SD, Waxman SG. Isoform-specific and pan-channel partners regulate trafficking and plasma membrane stability; and alter sodium channel gating properties. Neurosci Lett 2010; 486:84-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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14
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HSV-1 promotes Ca2+ -mediated APP phosphorylation and Aβ accumulation in rat cortical neurons. Neurobiol Aging 2010; 32:2323.e13-26. [PMID: 20674092 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Revised: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental findings suggest that chronic infection with Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) may be a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the molecular mechanisms underlying this association have not been fully identified. We investigated the effects of HSV-1 on excitability and intracellular calcium signaling in rat cortical neurons and the impact of these effects on amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing and the production of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ). Membrane depolarization triggering firing rate increases was observed shortly after neurons were challenged with HSV-1 and was still evident 12 hours postinfection. These effects depended on persistent sodium current activation and potassium current inhibition. The virally induced hyperexcitability triggered intracellular Ca(2+) signals that significantly increased intraneuronal Ca(2+) levels. It also enhanced activity- and Ca(2+)-dependent APP phosphorylation and intracellular accumulation of Aβ42. These findings indicate that HSV-1 causes functional changes in cortical neurons that promote APP processing and Aβ production, and they are compatible with the co-factorial role for HSV-1 in the pathogenesis of AD suggested by previous findings.
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15
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Szpara ML, Kobiler O, Enquist LW. A common neuronal response to alphaherpesvirus infection. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2010; 5:418-27. [PMID: 20401540 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-010-9212-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alphaherpesviruses are a subfamily of the Herpesviridae that can invade the nervous system and establish either lytic or latent infections. The establishment of latent infection can occur only in neurons, indicating a unique virus-host interaction in these cells. Here, we compare results from seven microarray studies that focused on the host response of either neural tissue or isolated neurons to alphaherpesvirus infection. These studies utilized either herpes simplex virus type 1 or pseudorabies virus as the infectious agent. From these data, we have found common host responses spanning a variety of infection models in different species, with different herpesvirus strains, and during all phases of infection including lytic, latent, and reactivation. The repeated observation of transcriptional effects on these genes and gene families indicates their likely importance in host defenses or the viral infectious process. We discuss the possible role of these different genes and genes families in alphaherpesvirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moriah L Szpara
- Department of Molecular Biology and Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, 314 Schultz Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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16
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Rothermel M, Schöbel N, Damann N, Klupp BG, Mettenleiter TC, Hatt H, Wetzel CH. Anterograde transsynaptic tracing in the murine somatosensory system using Pseudorabies virus (PrV): a "live-cell"-tracing tool for analysis of identified neurons in vitro. J Neurovirol 2008; 13:579-85. [PMID: 18097889 DOI: 10.1080/13550280701586419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The Pseudorabies virus (PrV) strain Bartha is widely used as a tool for retrograde transneuronal tracing in mammals. Traced neurons can be identified in cell culture allowing the analysis of their physiological features ("live-cell"-tracing). Compared to PrV-Bartha, PrV-Kaplan is known for higher virulence and transsynaptic spread in both retrograde and anterograde direction. Herein we assess the authors assess PrV-Kaplan for transsynaptic anterograde "live-cell"-tracing. Following intranasal application in mice, labelled trigeminal and brainstem neurons could be identified in vitro. Detailed electrophysiological analysis indicated that viral infection did not affect neuronal properties, making PrV-Kaplan eligible for functional analysis of identified neurons within somatosensory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Rothermel
- Lehrstuhl für Zellphysiologie, Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany.
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17
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Su CT, Hsu JTA, Hsieh HP, Lin PH, Chen TC, Kao CL, Lee CN, Chang SY. Anti-HSV activity of digitoxin and its possible mechanisms. Antiviral Res 2008; 79:62-70. [PMID: 18353452 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2008.01.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2007] [Revised: 01/18/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) can establish latent infection in the nervous system and usually leads to life-threatening diseases in immunocompromised individuals upon reactivation. Treatment with conventional nucleoside analogue such as acyclovir is effective in most cases, but drug-resistance may arise due to prolonged treatment in immunocompromised individuals. In this study, we identified an in-use medication, digitoxin, which actively inhibited HSV-1 replication with a 50% effective concentration (EC(50)) of 0.05 microM. The 50% cytotoxicity concentration (CC(50)) of digitoxin is 10.66 microM and the derived selective index is 213. Several structural analogues of digitoxin such as digoxin, ouabain octahydrate and G-strophanthin also showed anti-HSV activity. The inhibitory effects of digitoxin are likely to be introduced at the early stage of HSV-1 replication and the virus release stage. The observation that digitoxin can inhibit acyclovir-resistant viruses further implicates that digitoxin represents a novel drug class with distinct antiviral mechanisms from traditional drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ting Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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18
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Blanchard Y, Le Meur N, Le Cunff M, Blanchard P, Léger J, Jestin A. Cellular gene expression survey of PseudoRabies Virus (PRV) infected Human Embryonic Kidney cells (HEK-293). Vet Res 2006; 37:705-23. [PMID: 16820135 DOI: 10.1051/vetres:2006027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2005] [Accepted: 02/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is an alpha herpesvirus that causes Aujezsky disease in the pig. To characterize the impact of PRV infection on cellular expression, we used microarrays consisting of 9850 oligonucleotides corresponding to human genes and examined the expression levels of mRNA isolated 0.5, 3, 6, and 9 h post infection (hpi) from cultures of infected HEK-293 cells. Very few changes were observed during the first 3 h of infection but significant modifications in the cell expression of more than 1000 genes were clearly apparent by 6 hpi. More than 2400 genes were either up- or down-regulated during the 9 h experiment. These results were then analyzed using gene ontology and the MAPP and MAPPFinder software. This comprehensive analysis clearly shows that the down-regulated genes were mainly involved in macromolecular synthesis (DNA, RNA and proteins) and the cell cycle. The up-regulated genes primarily concerned the regulation of DNA transcription, developmental processes (central nervous system development, neurogenesis, angiogenesis), cell adhesion and potassium transport. This study is the first qualitative analysis of a gene expression survey in a human cell line following PRV infection. It demonstrates global changes in the cell expression profile, and identifies the main biological processes that are altered during virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Blanchard
- Laboratoire de Génétique Virale et Biosécurité, Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France.
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19
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Damann N, Rothermel M, Klupp BG, Mettenleiter TC, Hatt H, Wetzel CH. Chemosensory properties of murine nasal and cutaneous trigeminal neurons identified by viral tracing. BMC Neurosci 2006; 7:46. [PMID: 16762059 PMCID: PMC1533842 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-7-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2006] [Accepted: 06/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Somatosensation of the mammalian head is mainly mediated by the trigeminal nerve that provides innervation of diverse tissues like the face skin, the conjunctiva of the eyes, blood vessels and the mucouse membranes of the oral and nasal cavities. Trigeminal perception encompasses thermosensation, touch, and pain. Trigeminal chemosensation from the nasal epithelia mainly evokes stinging, burning, or pungent sensations. In vitro characterization of trigeminal primary sensory neurons derives largely from analysis of complete neuronal populations prepared from sensory ganglia. Thus, functional properties of primary trigeminal afferents depending on the area of innervation remain largely unclear. Results We established a PrV based tracing technique to identify nasal and cutaneous trigeminal neurons in vitro. This approach allowed analysis and comparison of identified primary afferents by means of electrophysiological and imaging measurement techniques. Neurons were challenged with several agonists that were reported to exhibit specificity for known receptors, including TRP channels and purinergic receptors. In addition, TTX sensitivity of sodium currents and IB4 binding was investigated. Compared with cutaneous neurons, a larger fraction of nasal trigeminal neurons showed sensitivity for menthol and capsaicin. These findings pointed to TRPM8 and TRPV1 receptor protein expression largely in nasal neurons whereas for cutaneous neurons these receptors are present only in a smaller fraction. The majority of nasal neurons lacked P2X3 receptor-mediated currents but showed P2X2-mediated responses when stimulated with ATP. Interestingly, cutaneous neurons revealed largely TTX resistant sodium currents. A significantly higher fraction of nasal and cutaneous afferents showed IB4 binding when compared to randomly chosen trigeminal neurons. Conclusion In conclusion, the usability of PrV mediated tracing of primary afferents was demonstrated. Using this technique it could be shown that compared with neurons innervating the skin nasal trigeminal neurons reveal pronounced chemosensitivity for TRPM8 and TRPV1 channel agonists and only partially meet properties typical for nociceptors. In contrast to P2X3 receptors, TRPM8 and TRPV1 receptors seem to be of pronounced physiological relevance for intranasal trigeminal sensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Damann
- Lehrstuhl für Zellphysiologie, Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany
- International Graduate School of Neuroscience (IGSN), Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany
| | - Markus Rothermel
- Lehrstuhl für Zellphysiologie, Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany
| | - Barbara G Klupp
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Tiergesundheit, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Thomas C Mettenleiter
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Tiergesundheit, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Hanns Hatt
- Lehrstuhl für Zellphysiologie, Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany
- International Graduate School of Neuroscience (IGSN), Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christian H Wetzel
- Lehrstuhl für Zellphysiologie, Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany
- International Graduate School of Neuroscience (IGSN), Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany
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20
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Liu C, Cummins TR, Tyrrell L, Black JA, Waxman SG, Dib-Hajj SD. CAP-1A is a novel linker that binds clathrin and the voltage-gated sodium channel Na(v)1.8. Mol Cell Neurosci 2005; 28:636-49. [PMID: 15797711 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2004.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2004] [Revised: 11/10/2004] [Accepted: 11/15/2004] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The voltage-gated sodium channel Na(v)1.8 produces a tetrodotoxin-resistant current and plays a key role in nociception. Annexin II/p11 binds to Na(v)1.8 and facilitates insertion of the channel within the cell membrane. However, the mechanisms responsible for removal of specific channels from the cell membrane have not been studied. We have identified a novel protein, clathrin-associated protein-1A (CAP-1A), which contains distinct domains that bind Na(v)1.8 and clathrin. CAP-1A is abundantly expressed in DRG neurons and colocalizes with Na(v)1.8 and can form a multiprotein complex with Na(v)1.8 and clathrin. Coexpression of CAP-1A and Na(v)1.8 in DRG neurons reduces Na(v)1.8 current density by approximately 50% without affecting the endogenous or recombinant tetrodotoxin-sensitive currents. This effect of CAP-1A is blocked by bafilomycin A1 treatment of transfected DRG neurons. CAP-1A thus is the first example of an adapter protein that links clathrin and a sodium channel and may regulate Na(v)1.8 channel density at the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanju Liu
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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21
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Gonzalez-Dunia D, Volmer R, Mayer D, Schwemmle M. Borna disease virus interference with neuronal plasticity. Virus Res 2005; 111:224-34. [PMID: 15885838 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2005.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Viruses able to infect the central nervous system (CNS) are increasingly being recognized as important factors that can cause mental diseases by interfering with neuronal plasticity. The mechanisms whereby such infections disturb brain functions are beginning to emerge. Borna disease virus (BDV), which causes a persistent infection of neurons without direct cytolysis in several mammalian hosts, has recently gained interest as a unique model to study the mechanisms of viral interference with neuronal plasticity. This review will summarize several hypotheses that have been put forward to explain possible levels of BDV interference with brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gonzalez-Dunia
- Avenir Group, Inserm U563, CPTP Bat B, CHU Purpan, BP 3028, 31024 Toulouse Cedex 3, France.
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22
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Yeomans DC, Levinson SR, Peters MC, Koszowski AG, Tzabazis AZ, Gilly WF, Wilson SP. Decrease in inflammatory hyperalgesia by herpes vector-mediated knockdown of Nav1.7 sodium channels in primary afferents. Hum Gene Ther 2005; 16:271-7. [PMID: 15761266 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2005.16.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of peripheral inflammation increases the expression of the Nav1.7 sodium channel in sensory neurons, potentially increasing their excitability. Peripheral inflammation also produces hyperalgesia in humans and an increase in nociceptive responsiveness in animals. To test the relationship between these two phenomena we applied a recombinant herpes simplex-based vector to the hindpaw skin of mice, which encoded both green fluorescent protein (GFP) as well as an antisense sequence to the Nav1.7 gene. The hindpaw was subsequently injected with complete Freund's adjuvant to induce robust inflammation. Application of the vector, but not a control vector encoding only GFP, prevented an increase in Nav1.7 expression in GFP-positive neurons and prevented development of hyperalgesia in both C and Adelta thermonociceptive tests. These results provide clear evidence of the involvement of an increased expression of the Nav1.7 channel in nociceptive neurons in the development of inflammatory hyperalgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Yeomans
- Department of Anesthesia and Stanford Pain and Analgesia Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5117, USA.
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23
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Chen SF, Huang CC, Wu HM, Chen SH, Liang YC, Hsu KS. Seizure, neuron loss, and mossy fiber sprouting in herpes simplex virus type 1-infected organotypic hippocampal cultures. Epilepsia 2004; 45:322-32. [PMID: 15030494 DOI: 10.1111/j.0013-9580.2004.37403.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epileptic seizures are frequently seen after viral encephalitis. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) encephalitis is the most common cause of acquired epilepsy in humans. However, little information is available about the neuropathogenesis of HSV-1-associated seizures. We have developed an in vitro HSV-1-infected organotypic hippocampal slice culture to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of HSV-1-associated acute seizure activity. METHODS Hippocampal slice cultures were prepared from postnatal day 10 to 12 rat pups. Wild-type HSV-1 strain RE (1 x 10(5) PFU) was applied to cultures at 14 days in vitro. The excitability of CA3 pyramidal cells and hippocampal network properties were measured with electrophysiological recordings. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and Timm stains were used. RESULTS HSV-1 infection induces epileptiform activity, neuron loss, and subsequently a dramatic increase of mossy fiber sprouting in the supragranular area. With intracellular recordings, surviving CA3 pyramidal cells exhibited a more depolarizing resting membrane potential concomitant with an increase in membrane input resistance and had a lower threshold to generate synchronized bursts and a decrease in the amplitude of afterhyperpolarization than did controls. When the antiherpes agent acyclovir was applied with a delay of 1 or 24 h after HSV-1 infection, a dramatic inhibition of HSV-1 replication and protection of the neuron loss were observed. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that a direct change in the excitability of the hippocampal CA3 neuronal network and HSV-1-induced neuron loss resulting in subsequent mossy fiber reorganization may play an important role in the generation of epileptiform activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Fen Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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24
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Jones HM, Hamilton KL, Papworth GD, Syme CA, Watkins SC, Bradbury NA, Devor DC. Role of the NH2 terminus in the assembly and trafficking of the intermediate conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel hIK1. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:15531-40. [PMID: 14754884 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m400069200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the NH(2)-terminal leucine zipper and dileucine motifs of hIK1 in the assembly, trafficking, and function of the channel was investigated using cell surface immunoprecipitation, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), immunoblot, and whole-cell patch clamp techniques. Mutation of the NH(2)-terminal leucine zipper at amino acid positions 18 and 25 (L18A/L25A) resulted in a complete loss of steady-state protein expression, cell surface expression, and whole-cell current density. Inhibition of proteasomal degradation with lactacystin restored L18A/L25A protein expression, although this channel was not expressed at the cell surface as assessed by cell surface immunoprecipitation and whole-cell patch clamp. In contrast, inhibitors of lysosomal degradation (leupeptin/pepstatin) and endocytosis (chloroquine) had little effect on L18A/L25A protein expression or localization. Further studies confirmed the rapid degradation of this channel, having a time constant of 19.0 +/- 1.3 min compared with 3.2 +/- 0.8 h for wild type hIK1. Co-expression studies demonstrated that the L18A/L25A channel associates with wild type channel, thereby attenuating its expression at the cell surface. Co-IP studies confirmed this association. However, L18A/L25A channels failed to form homotetrameric channels, as assessed by Co-IP, suggesting the NH(2) terminus plays a role in tetrameric channel assembly. As with the leucine zipper, mutation of the dileucine motif to alanines, L18A/L19A, resulted in a near complete loss in steady-state protein expression with the protein being similarly targeted to the proteasome for degradation. In contrast to our results on the leucine zipper, however, both chloroquine and growing the cells at the permissive temperature of 27 degrees C restored expression of L18A/L19A at the cell surface, suggesting that the defect in the channel trafficking is the result of a subtle folding error. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the NH(2) terminus of hIK1 contains overlapping leucine zipper and dileucine motifs essential for channel assembly and trafficking to the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Jones
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.
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Kramer MF, Cook WJ, Roth FP, Zhu J, Holman H, Knipe DM, Coen DM. Latent herpes simplex virus infection of sensory neurons alters neuronal gene expression. J Virol 2003; 77:9533-41. [PMID: 12915567 PMCID: PMC187408 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.77.17.9533-9541.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The persistence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and the diseases that it causes in the human population can be attributed to the maintenance of a latent infection within neurons in sensory ganglia. Little is known about the effects of latent infection on the host neuron. We have addressed the question of whether latent HSV infection affects neuronal gene expression by using microarray transcript profiling of host gene expression in ganglia from latently infected versus mock-infected mouse trigeminal ganglia. (33)P-labeled cDNA probes from pooled ganglia harvested at 30 days postinfection or post-mock infection were hybridized to nylon arrays printed with 2,556 mouse genes. Signal intensities were acquired by phosphorimager. Mean intensities (n = 4 replicates in each of three independent experiments) of signals from mock-infected versus latently infected ganglia were compared by using a variant of Student's t test. We identified significant changes in the expression of mouse neuronal genes, including several with roles in gene expression, such as the Clk2 gene, and neurotransmission, such as genes encoding potassium voltage-gated channels and a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. We confirmed the neuronal localization of some of these transcripts by using in situ hybridization. To validate the microarray results, we performed real-time reverse transcriptase PCR analyses for a selection of the genes. These studies demonstrate that latent HSV infection can alter neuronal gene expression and might provide a new mechanism for how persistent viral infection can cause chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha F Kramer
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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26
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Losing touch with sodium channels. Nat Rev Neurosci 2002. [DOI: 10.1038/nrn975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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