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Lim SE, Vicente-Munuera P, Mao Y. Forced back into shape: Mechanics of epithelial wound repair. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 87:102324. [PMID: 38290420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Wound repair, the closing of a hole, is inherently a physical process that requires the change of shape of materials, in this case, cells and tissues. Not only is efficient and accurate wound repair critical for restoring barrier function and reducing infection, but it is also critical for restoring the complex three-dimensional architecture of an organ. This re-sculpting of tissues requires the complex coordination of cell behaviours in multiple dimensions, in space and time, to ensure that the repaired structure can continue functioning optimally. Recent evidence highlights the importance of cell and tissue mechanics in 2D and 3D to achieve such seamless wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu En Lim
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Pablo Vicente-Munuera
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Yanlan Mao
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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2
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Esmangart de Bournonville T, Jaglarz MK, Durel E, Le Borgne R. ESCRT-III-dependent adhesive and mechanical changes are triggered by a mechanism detecting alteration of septate junction integrity in Drosophila epithelial cells. eLife 2024; 13:e91246. [PMID: 38305711 PMCID: PMC10959524 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Barrier functions of proliferative epithelia are constantly challenged by mechanical and chemical constraints. How epithelia respond to and cope with disturbances of barrier functions to allow tissue integrity maintenance is poorly characterised. Cellular junctions play an important role in this process and intracellular traffic contribute to their homeostasis. Here, we reveal that, in Drosophila pupal notum, alteration of the bi- or tricellular septate junctions (SJs) triggers a mechanism with two prominent outcomes. On one hand, there is an increase in the levels of E-cadherin, F-actin, and non-muscle myosin II in the plane of adherens junctions. On the other hand, β-integrin/Vinculin-positive cell contacts are reinforced along the lateral and basal membranes. We found that the weakening of SJ integrity, caused by the depletion of bi- or tricellular SJ components, alters ESCRT-III/Vps32/Shrub distribution, reduces degradation and instead favours recycling of SJ components, an effect that extends to other recycled transmembrane protein cargoes including Crumbs, its effector β-Heavy Spectrin Karst, and β-integrin. We propose a mechanism by which epithelial cells, upon sensing alterations of the SJ, reroute the function of Shrub to adjust the balance of degradation/recycling of junctional cargoes and thereby compensate for barrier junction defects to maintain epithelial integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Esmangart de Bournonville
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) – UMR 6290RennesFrance
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Science, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Mariusz K Jaglarz
- Department of Developmental Biology and Invertebrate Morphology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in KrakowKrakowPoland
| | - Emeline Durel
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) – UMR 6290RennesFrance
| | - Roland Le Borgne
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) – UMR 6290RennesFrance
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3
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Ran Y, Yan Z, Huang M, Zhou S, Wu F, Wang M, Yang S, Zhang P, Huang X, Jiang B, Liang P. Severe Burn Injury Significantly Alters the Gene Expression and m6A Methylation Tagging of mRNAs and lncRNAs in Human Skin. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13010150. [PMID: 36675811 PMCID: PMC9864918 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modulates RNA metabolism and functions in cell differentiation, tissue development, and immune response. After acute burns, skin wounds are highly susceptible to infection and poor healing. However, our understanding of the effect of burn injuries on m6A methylation and their potential mechanism is still limited. Human m6A-mRNA&lncRNA Epitranscriptomic microarray was used to obtain comprehensive mRNA and lncRNA transcriptome m6A profiling and gene expression patterns after burn injuries in human skin tissue. Bioinformatic and functional analyses were conducted to find molecular functions. Microarray profiling showed that 65 mRNAs and 39 lncRNAs were significantly hypermethylated; 5492 mRNAs and 754 lncRNAs were significantly hypomethylated. Notably, 3989 hypomethylated mRNAs were down-expressed and inhibited many wound healing biological processes and pathways including in the protein catabolic process and supramolecular fiber organization pathway; 39 hypermethylated mRNAs were up-expressed and influenced the cell surface receptor signaling pathway and inflammatory response. Moreover, we validated that m6A regulators (METTL14, METTL16, ALKBH5, FMR1, and HNRNPC) were significantly downregulated after burn injury which may be responsible for the alteration of m6A modification and gene expression. In summary, we found that homeostasis in the skin was disrupted and m6A modification may be a potential mechanism affecting trauma infection and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Ran
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Zhuoxian Yan
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Mitao Huang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Situo Zhou
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Fangqin Wu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Mengna Wang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Sifan Yang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Pihong Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Huang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Bimei Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Correspondence: (B.J.); (P.L.); Tel.: +86-0731-82355022 (B.J.); +86-13875858144 (P.L.)
| | - Pengfei Liang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Correspondence: (B.J.); (P.L.); Tel.: +86-0731-82355022 (B.J.); +86-13875858144 (P.L.)
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4
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De O, Rice C, Zulueta-Coarasa T, Fernandez-Gonzalez R, Ward RE. Septate junction proteins are required for cell shape changes, actomyosin reorganization and cell adhesion during dorsal closure in Drosophila. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:947444. [PMID: 36238688 PMCID: PMC9553006 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.947444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Septate junctions (SJs) serve as occluding barriers in invertebrate epithelia. In Drosophila, at least 30 genes are required for the formation or maintenance of SJs. Interestingly, loss-of-function mutations in core SJ components are embryonic lethal, with defects in developmental events such as head involution and dorsal closure (DC) that occur prior to the formation of a mature SJ, indicating a role for these proteins in mid-embryogenesis independent of their occluding function. To understand this novel function in development, we examined loss-of-function mutations in three core SJ proteins during the process of DC. DC occurs during mid-embryogenesis to seal a dorsal gap in the epidermis following germ band retraction. Closure is driven by contraction of the extraembryonic amnioserosa cells that temporarily cover the dorsal surface and by cell shape changes (elongation) of lateral epidermal cells that bring the contralateral sheets together at the dorsal midline. Using live imaging and examination of fixed tissues, we show that early events in DC occur normally in SJ mutant embryos, but during later closure, coracle, Macroglobulin complement-related and Neurexin-IV mutant embryos exhibit slower rates of closure and display aberrant cells shapes in the dorsolateral epidermis, including dorsoventral length and apical surface area. SJ mutant embryos also show mild defects in actomyosin structures along the leading edge, but laser cutting experiments suggest similar tension and viscoelastic properties in SJ mutant versus wild type epidermis. In a high percentage of SJ mutant embryos, the epidermis tears free from the amnioserosa near the end of DC and live imaging and immunostaining reveal reduced levels of E-cadherin, suggesting that defective adhesion may be responsible for these tears. Supporting this notion, reducing E-cadherin by half significantly enhances the penetrance of DC defects in coracle mutant embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oindrila De
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Clinton Rice
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States
| | | | | | - Robert E Ward
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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5
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Combining experiments and in silico modeling to infer the role of adhesion and proliferation on the collective dynamics of cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19894. [PMID: 34615941 PMCID: PMC8494750 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99390-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The collective dynamics of cells on surfaces and interfaces poses technological and theoretical challenges in the study of morphogenesis, tissue engineering, and cancer. Different mechanisms are at play, including, cell–cell adhesion, cell motility, and proliferation. However, the relative importance of each one is elusive. Here, experiments with a culture of glioblastoma multiforme cells on a substrate are combined with in silico modeling to infer the rate of each mechanism. By parametrizing these rates, the time-dependence of the spatial correlation observed experimentally is reproduced. The obtained results suggest a reduction in cell–cell adhesion with the density of cells. The reason for such reduction and possible implications for the collective dynamics of cancer cells are discussed.
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6
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Carvalho GM, Araújo NAM, Patrício P. Wound opening in a thin incompressible viscoelastic tissue. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:015001. [PMID: 34412359 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.015001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We develop a model to investigate analytically and numerically the mechanics of wound opening made in a viscoelastic, isotropic, homogeneous, and incompressive thin tissue. This process occurs just immediately after the wound infliction. Before any active biological action has taken place, the tissue relaxes, and the wound opens mostly due to the initial homeostatic tension of the tissue, its elastic and viscous properties, and the existing friction between the tissue and its substrate. We find that for a circular wound the regimes of deformation are defined by a single adimensional parameter λ, which characterizes the relative importance of viscosity over friction.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Carvalho
- Centro de Física Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.,Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Catarinense, 89283-064 São Bento do Sul, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - N A M Araújo
- Centro de Física Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.,Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - P Patrício
- Centro de Física Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal
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7
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Rice C, De O, Alhadyian H, Hall S, Ward RE. Expanding the Junction: New Insights into Non-Occluding Roles for Septate Junction Proteins during Development. J Dev Biol 2021; 9:11. [PMID: 33801162 PMCID: PMC8006247 DOI: 10.3390/jdb9010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The septate junction (SJ) provides an occluding function for epithelial tissues in invertebrate organisms. This ability to seal the paracellular route between cells allows internal tissues to create unique compartments for organ function and endows the epidermis with a barrier function to restrict the passage of pathogens. Over the past twenty-five years, numerous investigators have identified more than 30 proteins that are required for the formation or maintenance of the SJs in Drosophila melanogaster, and have determined many of the steps involved in the biogenesis of the junction. Along the way, it has become clear that SJ proteins are also required for a number of developmental events that occur throughout the life of the organism. Many of these developmental events occur prior to the formation of the occluding junction, suggesting that SJ proteins possess non-occluding functions. In this review, we will describe the composition of SJs, taking note of which proteins are core components of the junction versus resident or accessory proteins, and the steps involved in the biogenesis of the junction. We will then elaborate on the functions that core SJ proteins likely play outside of their role in forming the occluding junction and describe studies that provide some cell biological perspectives that are beginning to provide mechanistic understanding of how these proteins function in developmental contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton Rice
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (C.R.); (H.A.)
| | - Oindrila De
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Haifa Alhadyian
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (C.R.); (H.A.)
| | | | - Robert E. Ward
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
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8
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Ponte S, Carvalho L, Gagliardi M, Campos I, Oliveira PJ, Jacinto A. Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission regulates calcium and F-actin dynamics during wound healing. Biol Open 2020; 9:bio048629. [PMID: 32184231 PMCID: PMC7225088 DOI: 10.1242/bio.048629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria adapt to cellular needs by changes in morphology through fusion and fission events, referred to as mitochondrial dynamics. Mitochondrial function and morphology are intimately connected and the dysregulation of mitochondrial dynamics is linked to several human diseases. In this work, we investigated the role of mitochondrial dynamics in wound healing in the Drosophila embryonic epidermis. Mutants for mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins fail to close their wounds, indicating that the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics is required for wound healing. By live-imaging, we found that loss of function of the mitochondrial fission protein Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) compromises the increase of cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium upon wounding and leads to reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and F-actin defects at the wound edge, culminating in wound healing impairment. Our results highlight a new role for mitochondrial dynamics in the regulation of calcium, ROS and F-actin during epithelial repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Ponte
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lara Carvalho
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Gagliardi
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel Campos
- Animal Platforms, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC Biotech Building, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - António Jacinto
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
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Guzmán-Herrera A, Mao Y. Polarity during tissue repair, a multiscale problem. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 62:31-36. [PMID: 31514044 PMCID: PMC7036748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tissue repair is essential for all organisms, as it protects the integrity and function of tissues and prevents infections and diseases. It takes place at multiple scales, from macroscopic to microscopic levels. Most mechanisms driving tissue repair rely on the correct polarisation of collective cell behaviours, such as migration and proliferation, and polarisation of cytoskeletal and junctional components. Furthermore, re-establishment and maintenance of cell polarity are fundamental for a tissue to be fully repaired and for withstanding mechanical stress during homeostasis and repair. Recent evidence highlights an important role for the interplay between cell polarity and tissue mechanics that are critical in tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Guzmán-Herrera
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yanlan Mao
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, UK; College of Information and Control, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Tsai CR, Galko MJ. Casein kinase 1α decreases β-catenin levels at adherens junctions to facilitate wound closure in Drosophila larvae. Development 2019; 146:dev175133. [PMID: 31511254 PMCID: PMC6826034 DOI: 10.1242/dev.175133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Skin wound repair is essential to restore barrier function and prevent infection after tissue damage. Wound-edge epidermal cells migrate as a sheet to close the wound. However, it is still unclear how cell-cell junctions are regulated during wound closure (WC). To study this, we examined adherens junctions during WC in Drosophila larvae. β-Catenin is reduced at the lateral cell-cell junctions of wound-edge epidermal cells in the early healing stages. Destruction complex components, including Ck1α, GSK3β and β-TrCP, suppress β-catenin levels in the larval epidermis. Tissue-specific RNAi targeting these genes also caused severe WC defects. The Ck1αRNAi -induced WC defect is related to adherens junctions because loss of either β-catenin or E-cadherin significantly rescued this WC defect. In contrast, TCFRNAi does not rescue the Ck1αRNAi -induced WC defect, suggesting that Wnt signaling is not related to this defect. Direct overexpression of β-catenin recapitulates most of the features of Ck1α reduction during wounding. Finally, loss of Ck1α also blocked junctional E-cadherin reduction around the wound. Our results suggest that Ck1α and the destruction complex locally regulate cell adhesion to facilitate efficient wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ru Tsai
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael J Galko
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Genetics & Epigenetics Graduate Program, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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11
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Rothenberg KE, Fernandez-Gonzalez R. Forceful closure: cytoskeletal networks in embryonic wound repair. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:1353-1358. [PMID: 31145669 PMCID: PMC6724689 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-04-0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic tissues heal wounds rapidly and without scarring, in a process conserved across species and driven by collective cell movements. The mechanisms of coordinated cell movement during embryonic wound closure also drive tissue development and cancer metastasis; therefore, embryonic wound repair has received considerable attention as a model of collective cell migration. During wound closure, a supracellular actomyosin cable at the wound edge coordinates cells, while actin-based protrusions contribute to cell crawling and seamless wound healing. Other cytoskeletal networks are reorganized during wound repair: microtubules extend into protrusions and along cell-cell boundaries as cells stretch into damaged regions, septins accumulate at the wound margin, and intermediate filaments become polarized in the cells adjacent to the wound. Thus, diverse cytoskeletal networks work in concert to maintain tissue structure, while also driving and organizing cell movements to promote rapid repair. Understanding the signals that coordinate the dynamics of different cytoskeletal networks, and how adhesions between cells or with the extracellular matrix integrate forces across cells, will be important to elucidate the mechanisms of efficient embryonic wound healing and may have far-reaching implications for developmental and cancer cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katheryn E. Rothenberg
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
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12
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Dubey P, Kapoor T, Gupta S, Shirolikar S, Ray K. Atypical septate junctions maintain the somatic enclosure around maturing spermatids and prevent premature sperm release in Drosophila testis. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.036939. [PMID: 30635267 PMCID: PMC6398457 DOI: 10.1242/bio.036939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions prevent paracellular flow and maintain cell polarity in an epithelium. These junctions are also required for maintaining the blood-testis barrier, which is essential for sperm differentiation. Septate junctions in insects are orthologous to the tight junctions. In Drosophila testis, major septate junction components co-localize at the interface of germline and somatic cells initially, and then condense between the two somatic cells in a cyst after germline meiosis. Their localization is extensively remodeled in subsequent stages. We find that characteristic septate junctions are formed between the somatic cyst cells at the elongated spermatid stage. Consistent with previous reports, knockdown of essential junctional components – Discs-large-1 and Neurexin-IV – during the early stages disrupted sperm differentiation beyond the spermatocyte stage. Knockdown of these proteins during the final stages of spermatid maturation caused premature release of spermatids inside the testes, resulting in partial loss of male fertility. These results indicate the importance of maintaining the integrity of the somatic enclosure during spermatid coiling and release in Drosophila testis. It also highlights the functional similarity with the tight junction proteins during mammalian spermatogenesis. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: Septate junctions seal the somatic enclosure around maturing spermatids in Drosophila testis. The junction integrity, maintained by Dlg1 and NrxIV, is essential for keeping the somatic enclosure intact until the mature spermatids are released.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Dubey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Tushna Kapoor
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Samir Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Seema Shirolikar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Krishanu Ray
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
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