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Moghaddam MM, Bonakdar S, Shariatpanahi MR, Shokrgozar MA, Faghihi S. The Effect of Physical Cues on the Stem Cell Differentiation. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 14:268-277. [DOI: 10.2174/1574888x14666181227120706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Development of multicellular organisms is a very complex and organized process during which cells respond to various factors and features in extracellular environments. It has been demonstrated that during embryonic evolvement, under certain physiological or experimental conditions, unspecialized cells or stem cells can be induced to become tissue or organ-specific cells with special functions. Considering the importance of physical cues in stem cell fate, the present study reviews the role of physical factors in stem cells differentiation and discusses the molecular mechanisms associated with these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad M. Moghaddam
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Group, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, 14965/161, Iran
| | - Shahin Bonakdar
- National Cell Bank, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 3159915111, Iran
| | | | | | - Shahab Faghihi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Group, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, 14965/161, Iran
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Calabrese EJ. Historical foundations of wound healing and its potential for acceleration: dose-response considerations. Wound Repair Regen 2013; 21:180-93. [PMID: 23421727 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-475x.2012.00842.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides a detailed historical assessment of the origin and developmental progress of the concept of wound healing and its attempted acceleration from its start in the beginning of the 20th century to approximately 1960. Emphasis is placed on the development of cell culture in the assessment of wound healing and in attempts to validate experimental findings via clinical research. Of particular interest were the observations that wound healing could be accelerated in the 30-50% range with the dose response displaying biphasic characteristics consistent with the hormesis dose-response model. Such findings set the stage for the hormetic dose-response revolution that is occurring within the biological and biomedical sciences, including wound healing, whereby considerable research now supports the capacity for endogenous and exogenous agents to accelerate the process of wound healing and its functional performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Public Health, Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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Acosta JC, Gil J. Senescence: a new weapon for cancer therapy. Trends Cell Biol 2012; 22:211-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2011.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Hogue MJ. THE EFFECT OF HYPOTONIC AND HYPERTONIC SOLUTIONS ON FIBROBLASTS OF THE EMBRYONIC CHICK HEART IN VITRO. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 30:617-48. [PMID: 19868382 PMCID: PMC2126669 DOI: 10.1084/jem.30.6.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M J Hogue
- Department of Embryology of Carnegie Institution of Washington, Baltimore, Md
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Walton AJ. THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS TISSUE EXTRACTS UPON THE GROWTH OF ADULT MAMMALIAN CELLS IN VITRO. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 20:554-72. [PMID: 19867842 PMCID: PMC2125237 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20.6.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The cultivation of cells in vitro affords a valuable means of estimating the effects of tissue extracts. Tissue extracts have a definite effect upon the growth of adult mammalian cells in vitro. The majority of tissue extracts stimulate the growth of connective tissue, but liver extract inhibits it. The extracts are to a certain extent specific in their action upon the growth of parenchymatous cells. Some cells are stimulated by one extract and inhibited by another, and those extracts which inhibit one type of parenchymatous cell may stimulate another type. Homogenous and autogenous extracts are equally efficacious in their action upon the growth of cells. The extracts may be preserved for a short period of time without suffering any change in their power of affecting the growth of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Walton
- Bacteriological Laboratory of the London Hospital, London
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Ruth ES. THE INFLUENCE OF DISTILLED WATER ON THE HEALING OF SKIN WOUNDS IN THE FROG. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 13:559-61. [PMID: 19867437 PMCID: PMC2124892 DOI: 10.1084/jem.13.5.559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E S Ruth
- Laboratories of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York
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Lambert RA. THE EFFECT OF DILUTION OF PLASMA MEDIUM ON THE GROWTH AND FAT ACCUMULATION OF CELLS IN TISSUE CULTURES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 19:398-405. [PMID: 19867779 PMCID: PMC2125168 DOI: 10.1084/jem.19.4.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
1. Dilution of plasma with isotonic solutions causes a more extensive migration in cultures of cells of the actively migratory type, such as those of spleen and bone marrow. Dilution with a limited quantity of distilled water produces the same effect. Less actively motile cells are influenced little or not at all by dilution. The effect on cells of the first type is probably due to the reduction in the quantity of fibrin in the clot producing lessened resistance to cell locomotion. 2. Dilution of plasma with either isotonic solutions or distilled water is without effect on cell multiplication, as is shown by records of the number of mitoses in living culture preparations. 3. Dilution of plasma with suitable quantities of Ringer's solution causes a marked diminution in the quantity of fat accumulated by the cells. This reduction is to be attributed to the decrease in the quantity of fat in the medium. The accumulation of fat by cells in cultures is therefore not to be regarded as the result of a cell degeneration, but as an accumulation, the source of the fat being the medium in which the cells are growing.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Lambert
- Department of Pathology of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York
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Ebeling AH. THE EFFECT OF THE VARIATION IN THE OSMOTIC TENSION AND OF THE DILUTION OF CULTURE MEDIA ON THE CELL PROLIFERATION OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 20:130-9. [PMID: 19867808 PMCID: PMC2125227 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20.2.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
For the first few days of cultivation of connective tissue in hypertonic, hypotonic, and diluted medium, cell proliferation was stimulated. The first outgrowths of new cells in the modified media did not occur sooner than in normal medium. In hypertonic medium the density of the area of cell proliferation appeared to be greater than the control, but in hypotonic or diluted medium there seemed to be no increase in actual mass over the control. These observations confirm the conclusions of Carrel and Burrows, as well as those of Lambert. Subsequent to the first few days of cultivation in hypertonic medium the area of cell proliferation decreased and in a short time conditions developed which were unfavorable to growth, and finally resulted in death of the culture, unless it revived before this stage. Hypotonic medium after about ten days no longer caused more extensive areas of proliferating cells; but instead, the extent of new growth gradually decreased, and the culture merely remained alive unless revived. In diluted medium the extent of the area of cell proliferation remained greater with no actual increase in mass. The area of cell proliferation which is observed during the first few days in a culture of fresh tissue recently extirpated does not indicate the actual influence of modified media. It was only after continued cultivation of strains of connective tissue in these modified media that their influence on cell proliferation was determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Ebeling
- Laboratories of The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research
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Abstract
The loss of replicative capacity in vitro of normal human diploid fibroblasts is a model for studying molecular changes that accompany both regulated growth control and cellular senescence. We describe the molecular phenotype of senescent fibroblasts in terms of markers that are altered with proliferative decline. We describe these markers by analyzing pathways and associated mechanisms related to the responsiveness of proliferatively competent and senescent cells to growth signals including changes in the extracellular environment, growth factors, growth factor receptors, secondary messengers, cell-cycle progression, transcription factors, and the fidelity of DNA synthesis. There is an abundance of molecular markers for senescence in culture at every level of information transfer. Although it seems clear that some alterations in gene expression with senescence are the result of specific changes in upstream events, more global dysregulation of coordinated growth control point to as yet undefined mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- V J Cristofalo
- Center for Gerontological Research, Medical College of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19129, USA
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Cristofalo VJ, Pignolo RJ. Cell Culture as a Model. Compr Physiol 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.cp110104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
Aging is an extremely complex biologic phenomenon of immense importance. Currently we have only a poor and incomplete understanding of the fundamental molecular mechanisms involved. Despite numerous observations and diverse theories, no unifying or proven hypotheses have emerged. It is reasonable to conclude, however, that aging is a multifactorial process composed of both genetic and environmental components. Each physiologic system within an organism, each tissue within a system, and each cell type with a tissue appears to have its own trajectory of aging. Thus, aging must be studied as parts of a whole and understood as the sum of its parts. Cellular "clocks" exist and operate in the absence of higher-order "clocks". However, higher-order clocks are certainly in place in vivo, but their relationship to cellular clocks is not well understood. All aging changes have a cellular basis, and aging is perhaps best studied, fundamentally, at the cellular level under defined and controlled environmental conditions. Aging changes at the cellular level must be viewed, however, as components of a hierarchical, dynamic, and interacting network whose functional integrity progressively deteriorates with time. The powerful tools of molecular biology are now being applied by scientists to evaluate the leading hypotheses. The results of these studies should serve to advance our understanding of aging and to focus future research efforts. This work should provide the scientific foundation to enhance the quality of life for people suffering the failings of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- V J Cristofalo
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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Cristofalo VJ. Overview of biological mechanism of aging. ANNUAL REVIEW OF GERONTOLOGY & GERIATRICS 1991; 10:1-22. [PMID: 2102707 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-38445-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V J Cristofalo
- Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, University of Pennsylvania
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Cristofalo VJ, Stanulis-Praeger BM. Cellular Senescence in Vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-007902-5.50007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Abstract
Neuroblastoma cells grown in suspension culture are round and have no distinctive structural characteristics. However, cells transferred to substrates flatten, develop long neurites, and assume the morphology of normal neurons. The resemblance of monolayered neuroblastoma cells to normal neurons is amplified by treatment with hypertonic medium; under these conditions, cell division is inhibited and the neurites become long and differentiated. The treated cells contain clusters of clear vesicles, 400-600 A in diameter, which are morphologically indistinguishable from the synaptic vesicles of normal neurons. Specialized cell contacts are observed between the treated cells as well as between confluent cells grown in normal medium.
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Schachtschabel DO, Foley GE. Serial cultivation of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in hypertonic media. Exp Cell Res 1972; 70:317-24. [PMID: 5062036 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(72)90142-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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18
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Rennels ML, Hild W. Morphological alterations in mammalian neurons in vitro in response to hypertonic solutions. Cell Tissue Res 1965. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00340328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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KIELER J. The influence of amino acids on mitotic activity in fibroblast cultures. I. Cell growth in dialyzed medium. ACTA PATHOLOGICA ET MICROBIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 1953; 33:337-49. [PMID: 13138185 DOI: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1953.tb01529.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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A mathematical study of organism growth as an approach to the cancer problem. Bull Math Biol 1948; 10:69-84. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02477434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Beitrag zur Frage der Gewebskorrelation. Virchows Arch 1940. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02595232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Howard E. Studies on the physiology of growth. II. The freezing point of the milieux of germ cells and embryonic tissue, and the significance of their hypotonicity to the adult. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1933. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1030030304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Shiomi C. Explantationsversuche mit Lymphknoten auf Plasma unter Zusatz von Milz-, Nebennieren- und Knochenmarksextrakt unter Nachprüfung der Versuche von Maximow und unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Bildung granulierter Zellen. Virchows Arch 1925. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01961120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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