1
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Heger L, Dudziak D, Amon L, Hatscher L, Kaszubowski T, Lehmann CHK. Guidelines for DC preparation and flow cytometric analysis of human lymphohematopoietic tissues. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2249917. [PMID: 36563130 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202249917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This article is part of the Dendritic Cell Guidelines article series, which provides a collection of state-of-the-art protocols for the preparation, phenotype analysis by flow cytometry, generation, fluorescence microscopy, and functional characterization of mouse and human dendritic cells (DC) from lymphoid organs and various non-lymphoid tissues. Within this article, detailed protocols are presented that allow for the generation of single cell suspensions from human lymphohematopoietic tissues including blood, spleen, thymus, and tonsils with a focus on the subsequent analysis of DC via flow cytometry, as well as flow cytometric cell sorting of primary human DC. Further, prepared single cell suspensions as well as cell sorter-purified DC can be subjected to other applications including cellular enrichment procedures, RNA sequencing, functional assays, and many more. While all protocols were written by experienced scientists who routinely use them in their work, this article was also peer-reviewed by leading experts and approved by all co-authors, making it an essential resource for basic and clinical DC immunologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Heger
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Hartmannstraße 14, D-91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Hartmannstraße 14, D-91052, Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen (MICE), D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Amon
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Hartmannstraße 14, D-91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Hatscher
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Hartmannstraße 14, D-91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tomasz Kaszubowski
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Hartmannstraße 14, D-91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian H K Lehmann
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Hartmannstraße 14, D-91052, Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen (MICE), D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
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2
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Abstract
The critical role of conventional dendritic cells in physiological cross-priming of immune responses to tumors and pathogens is widely documented and beyond doubt. However, there is ample evidence that a wide range of other cell types can also acquire the capacity to cross-present. These include not only other myeloid cells such as plasmacytoid dendritic cells, macrophages and neutrophils, but also lymphoid populations, endothelial and epithelial cells and stromal cells including fibroblasts. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the relevant literature that analyzes each report cited for the antigens and readouts used, mechanistic insight and in vivo experimentation addressing physiological relevance. As this analysis shows, many reports rely on the exceptionally sensitive recognition of an ovalbumin peptide by a transgenic T cell receptor, with results that therefore cannot always be extrapolated to physiological settings. Mechanistic studies remain basic in most cases but reveal that the cytosolic pathway is dominant across many cell types, while vacuolar processing is most encountered in macrophages. Studies addressing physiological relevance rigorously remain exceptional but suggest that cross-presentation by non-dendritic cells may have significant impact in anti-tumor immunity and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- François-Xavier Mauvais
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F-75015 Paris, France; Service de Physiologie - Explorations Fonctionnelles Pédiatriques, AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debré, F-75019 Paris, France.
| | - Peter van Endert
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F-75015 Paris, France; Service Immunologie Biologique, AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, F-75015 Paris, France.
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3
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He M, Roussak K, Ma F, Borcherding N, Garin V, White M, Schutt C, Jensen TI, Zhao Y, Iberg CA, Shah K, Bhatia H, Korenfeld D, Dinkel S, Gray J, Antonova AU, Ferris S, Donermeyer D, Arlehamn CL, Gubin MM, Luo J, Gorvel L, Pellegrini M, Sette A, Tung T, Bak R, Modlin RL, Fields RC, Schreiber RD, Allen PM, Klechevsky E. CD5 expression by dendritic cells directs T cell immunity and sustains immunotherapy responses. Science 2023; 379:eabg2752. [PMID: 36795805 PMCID: PMC10424698 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg2752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The induction of proinflammatory T cells by dendritic cell (DC) subtypes is critical for antitumor responses and effective immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Here, we show that human CD1c+CD5+ DCs are reduced in melanoma-affected lymph nodes, with CD5 expression on DCs correlating with patient survival. Activating CD5 on DCs enhanced T cell priming and improved survival after ICB therapy. CD5+ DC numbers increased during ICB therapy, and low interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations promoted their de novo differentiation. Mechanistically, CD5 expression by DCs was required to generate optimally protective CD5hi T helper and CD8+ T cells; further, deletion of CD5 from T cells dampened tumor elimination in response to ICB therapy in vivo. Thus, CD5+ DCs are an essential component of optimal ICB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu He
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kate Roussak
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Feiyang Ma
- Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nicholas Borcherding
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Vince Garin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mike White
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Charles Schutt
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Trine I. Jensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Courtney A. Iberg
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kairav Shah
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Himanshi Bhatia
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Daniel Korenfeld
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sabrina Dinkel
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Judah Gray
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Alina Ulezko Antonova
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Stephen Ferris
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David Donermeyer
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Cecilia Lindestam Arlehamn
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Matthew M. Gubin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jingqin Luo
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Laurent Gorvel
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Thomas Tung
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rasmus Bak
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Robert L. Modlin
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ryan C. Fields
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Robert D. Schreiber
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Paul M. Allen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Eynav Klechevsky
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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4
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Bellmann L, Strandt H, Zelle‐Rieser C, Ortner D, Tripp CH, Schmid S, Rühl J, Cappellano G, Schaffenrath S, Prokopi A, Spoeck S, Seretis A, Del Frari B, Sigl S, Krapf J, Heufler C, Keler T, Münz C, Romani N, Stoitzner P. Targeted delivery of a vaccine protein to Langerhans cells in the human skin via the C-type lectin receptor Langerin. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1829-1841. [PMID: 34932821 PMCID: PMC9788233 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Human skin is a preferred vaccination site as it harbors multiple dendritic cell (DC) subsets, which display distinct C-type lectin receptors (CLR) that recognize pathogens. Antigens can be delivered to CLR by antibodies or ligands to boost antigen-specific immune responses. This concept has been established in mouse models but detailed insights into the functional consequences of antigen delivery to human skin DC in situ are sparse. In this study, we cloned and produced an anti-human Langerin antibody conjugated to the EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1). We confirmed specific binding of anti-Langerin-EBNA1 to Langerhans cells (LC). This novel LC-based vaccine was then compared to an existing anti-DEC-205-EBNA1 fusion protein by loading LC in epidermal cell suspensions before coculturing them with autologous T cells. After restimulation with EBNA1-peptides, we detected elevated levels of IFN-γ- and TNF-α-positive CD4+ T cells with both vaccines. When we injected the fusion proteins intradermally into human skin explants, emigrated skin DC targeted via DEC-205-induced cytokine production by T cells, whereas the Langerin-based vaccine failed to do so. In summary, we demonstrate that antibody-targeting approaches via the skin are promising vaccination strategies, however, further optimizations of vaccines are required to induce potent immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Bellmann
- Department of DermatologyVenereology and AllergologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Helen Strandt
- Department of DermatologyVenereology and AllergologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Claudia Zelle‐Rieser
- Department of DermatologyVenereology and AllergologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Daniela Ortner
- Department of DermatologyVenereology and AllergologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Christoph H. Tripp
- Department of DermatologyVenereology and AllergologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Sandra Schmid
- Institute of Experimental ImmunologyUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Julia Rühl
- Institute of Experimental ImmunologyUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Giuseppe Cappellano
- Department of DermatologyVenereology and AllergologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria,Department of Health SciencesInterdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune DiseasesCenter for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease‐CAADUniversità del Piemonte OrientaleNovaraItaly
| | - Sandra Schaffenrath
- Department of DermatologyVenereology and AllergologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Anastasia Prokopi
- Department of DermatologyVenereology and AllergologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Sarah Spoeck
- Department of DermatologyVenereology and AllergologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Athanasios Seretis
- Department of DermatologyVenereology and AllergologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria,Research Institute for Biomedical Aging ResearchUniversity of InnsbruckAustria
| | - Barbara Del Frari
- Department of PlasticReconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Stephan Sigl
- Department of PlasticReconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Johanna Krapf
- Department of PlasticReconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Christine Heufler
- Department of DermatologyVenereology and AllergologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | | | - Christian Münz
- Institute of Experimental ImmunologyUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Nikolaus Romani
- Department of DermatologyVenereology and AllergologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Patrizia Stoitzner
- Department of DermatologyVenereology and AllergologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
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5
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Davies J, Sirvent S, Vallejo AF, Clayton K, Douilhet G, Keeler PS, West J, Ardern-Jones M, MacArthur BD, Singh H, Polak ME. Transcriptional programming of immunoregulatory responses in human Langerhans cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:892254. [PMID: 36203560 PMCID: PMC9530347 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.892254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) maintain immune homeostasis in the skin. To examine transcriptional programming of human primary LCs during homeostasis, we performed scRNA-seq analysis of LCs before and after migration from the epidermis, coupled with functional assessment of their regulatory T cell priming capabilities. The analysis revealed that steady-state LCs exist in a continuum of maturation states and upregulate antigen presentation genes along with an immunoregulatory module including the genes IDO1, LGALS1, LAMTOR1, IL4I, upon their migration. The migration-induced transition in genomic state is accompanied by the ability of LCs to more efficiently prime regulatory T cell responses in co-culture assays. Computational analyses of the scRNAseq datasets using SCENIC and Partial Information Decomposition in Context identified a set of migration-induced transcription factors including IRF4, KLF6 and RelB as key nodes within a immunoregulatory gene regulatory network. These findings support a model in which efficient priming of immunoregulatory responses by LCs is dependent on coordinated upregulation of a migration-coupled maturation program with a immunoregulation-promoting genomic module.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Davies
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Sofia Sirvent
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Andres F. Vallejo
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Kalum Clayton
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Douilhet
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick S. Keeler
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan West
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Ardern-Jones
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ben D. MacArthur
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Harinder Singh
- Center for Systems Immunology, Departments of Immunology and Computational and Systems Biology, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Marta E. Polak
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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6
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Pelgrom LR, Patente TA, Otto F, Nouwen LV, Ozir-Fazalalikhan A, van der Ham AJ, van der Zande HJP, Heieis GA, Arens R, Everts B. mTORC1 signaling in antigen-presenting cells of the skin restrains CD8 + T cell priming. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111032. [PMID: 35793635 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
How mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a key regulator of cellular metabolism, affects dendritic cell (DC) metabolism and T cell-priming capacity has primarily been investigated in vitro, but how mTORC1 regulates this in vivo remains poorly defined. Here, using mice deficient for mTORC1 component raptor in DCs, we find that loss of mTORC1 negatively affects glycolytic and fatty acid metabolism and maturation of conventional DCs, particularly cDC1s. Nonetheless, antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses to infection are not compromised and are even enhanced following skin immunization. This is associated with increased activation of Langerhans cells and a subpopulation of EpCAM-expressing cDC1s, of which the latter show an increased physical interaction with CD8+ T cells in situ. Together, this work reveals that mTORC1 limits CD8+ T cell priming in vivo by differentially orchestrating the metabolism and immunogenicity of distinct antigen-presenting cell subsets, which may have implications for clinical use of mTOR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard R Pelgrom
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Thiago A Patente
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Frank Otto
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lonneke V Nouwen
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Alwin J van der Ham
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Graham A Heieis
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ramon Arens
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Everts
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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7
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Doyle CM, Vine EE, Bertram KM, Baharlou H, Rhodes JW, Dervish S, Gosselink MP, Di Re A, Collins GP, Reza F, Toh JWT, Pathma-Nathan N, Ahlenstiel G, Ctercteko G, Cunningham AL, Harman AN, Byrne SN. Optimal Isolation Protocols for Examining and Interrogating Mononuclear Phagocytes From Human Intestinal Tissue. Front Immunol 2021; 12:727952. [PMID: 34566985 PMCID: PMC8462295 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.727952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human intestine contains numerous mononuclear phagocytes (MNP), including subsets of conventional dendritic cells (cDC), macrophages (Mf) and monocytes, each playing their own unique role within the intestinal immune system and homeostasis. The ability to isolate and interrogate MNPs from fresh human tissue is crucial if we are to understand the role of these cells in homeostasis, disease settings and immunotherapies. However, liberating these cells from tissue is problematic as many of the key surface identification markers they express are susceptible to enzymatic cleavage and they are highly susceptible to cell death. In addition, the extraction process triggers immunological activation/maturation which alters their functional phenotype. Identifying the evolving, complex and highly heterogenous repertoire of MNPs by flow cytometry therefore requires careful selection of digestive enzyme blends that liberate viable cells and preserve recognition epitopes involving careful selection of antibody clones to enable analysis and sorting for functional assays. Here we describe a method for the anatomical separation of mucosa and submucosa as well as isolating lymphoid follicles from human jejunum, ileum and colon. We also describe in detail the optimised enzyme digestion methods needed to acquire functionally immature and biologically functional intestinal MNPs. A comprehensive list of screened antibody clones is also presented which allows for the development of high parameter flow cytometry panels to discriminate all currently identified human tissue MNP subsets including pDCs, cDC1, cDC2 (langerin+ and langerin-), newly described DC3, monocytes, Mf1, Mf2, Mf3 and Mf4. We also present a novel method to account for autofluorescent signal from tissue macrophages. Finally, we demonstrate that these methods can successfully be used to sort functional, immature intestinal DCs that can be used for functional assays such as cytokine production assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe M Doyle
- Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Erica E Vine
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Kirstie M Bertram
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Heeva Baharlou
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Jake W Rhodes
- Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Suat Dervish
- Westmead Cytometry, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Martijn P Gosselink
- Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Angelina Di Re
- Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Geoffrey P Collins
- Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Faizur Reza
- Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - James W T Toh
- Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Nimalan Pathma-Nathan
- Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Golo Ahlenstiel
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Blacktown Clinical School, Western Sydney University, Blacktown, NSW, Australia.,Blacktown Hospital, Western Sydney Local Area Health District (WSLHD), Blacktown, NSW, Australia
| | - Grahame Ctercteko
- Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony L Cunningham
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew N Harman
- Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Scott N Byrne
- Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
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8
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Polak ME, Singh H. Tolerogenic and immunogenic states of Langerhans cells are orchestrated by epidermal signals acting on a core maturation gene module. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2000182. [PMID: 33645739 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Langerhans cells (LCs), residing in the epidermis, are able to induce potent immunogenic responses and also to mediate immune tolerance. We propose that tolerogenic and immunogenic responses of LCs are directed by signaling from the epidermis and involve counter-acting gene circuits that are coupled to a core maturation gene module. We base our analysis on recent genetic and genomic findings facilitating the understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling these divergent immune functions. Comparing gene regulatory network (GRN) analyses of various types of dendritic cells (DCs) including LCs we integrate signaling-dependent (TGFβ, EpCAM, β-Catenin) and transcription factor (IRF4, IRF1, NFκB) regulated gene circuits that appear to orchestrate the distinctive LC functional states. Our model proposes, that while epidermal signaling in the steady-state promotes LC tolerogenic function, the disruption of cell-cell contacts coupled with inflammatory signaling induces LC immunogenic programing. The conceptual framework emphasizes the sensing of discrete epidermal and inflammatory cues by resident LCs in dictating their genomic programing and cell state dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta E Polak
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Harinder Singh
- Center for Systems Immunology, Departments of Immunology and Computational and Systems Biology, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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9
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Oulee A, Ma F, Teles RMB, de Andrade Silva BJ, Pellegrini M, Klechevsky E, Harman AN, Rhodes JW, Modlin RL. Identification of Genes Encoding Antimicrobial Proteins in Langerhans Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:695373. [PMID: 34512625 PMCID: PMC8426439 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.695373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Langerhans cells (LCs) reside in the epidermis where they are poised to mount an antimicrobial response against microbial pathogens invading from the outside environment. To elucidate potential pathways by which LCs contribute to host defense, we mined published LC transcriptomes deposited in GEO and the scientific literature for genes that participate in antimicrobial responses. Overall, we identified 31 genes in LCs that encode proteins that contribute to antimicrobial activity, ten of which were cross-validated in at least two separate experiments. Seven of these ten antimicrobial genes encode chemokines, CCL1, CCL17, CCL19, CCL2, CCL22, CXCL14 and CXCL2, which mediate both antimicrobial and inflammatory responses. Of these, CCL22 was detected in seven of nine transcriptomes and by PCR in cultured LCs. Overall, the antimicrobial genes identified in LCs encode proteins with broad antibacterial activity, including against Staphylococcus aureus, which is the leading cause of skin infections. Thus, this study illustrates that LCs, consistent with their anatomical location, are programmed to mount an antimicrobial response against invading pathogens in skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aislyn Oulee
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Feiyang Ma
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rosane M B Teles
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Bruno J de Andrade Silva
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Eynav Klechevsky
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Andrew N Harman
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sydney, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Jake W Rhodes
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sydney, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert L Modlin
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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10
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Sirvent S, Vallejo AF, Davies J, Clayton K, Wu Z, Woo J, Riddell J, Chaudhri VK, Stumpf P, Nazlamova LA, Wheway G, Rose-Zerilli M, West J, Pujato M, Chen X, Woelk CH, MacArthur B, Ardern-Jones M, Friedmann PS, Weirauch MT, Singh H, Polak ME. Genomic programming of IRF4-expressing human Langerhans cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:313. [PMID: 31949143 PMCID: PMC6965086 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14125-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Langerhans cells (LC) can prime tolerogenic as well as immunogenic responses in skin, but the genomic states and transcription factors (TF) regulating these context-specific responses are unclear. Bulk and single-cell transcriptional profiling demonstrates that human migratory LCs are robustly programmed for MHC-I and MHC-II antigen presentation. Chromatin analysis reveals enrichment of ETS-IRF and AP1-IRF composite regulatory elements in antigen-presentation genes, coinciding with expression of the TFs, PU.1, IRF4 and BATF3 but not IRF8. Migration of LCs from the epidermis is accompanied by upregulation of IRF4, antigen processing components and co-stimulatory molecules. TNF stimulation augments LC cross-presentation while attenuating IRF4 expression. CRISPR-mediated editing reveals IRF4 to positively regulate the LC activation programme, but repress NF2EL2 and NF-kB pathway genes that promote responsiveness to oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines. Thus, IRF4-dependent genomic programming of human migratory LCs appears to enable LC maturation while attenuating excessive inflammatory and immunogenic responses in the epidermis. Langerhans cells (LC) can prime tolerogenic as well as immunogenic responses in the skin. Here the authors show, by transcriptomic, epigenetic and CRISPR editing analyses, that during LC migration and maturation the transcription factor IRF4 regulates expression of antigen presentation and co-stimulatory gene modules while attenuating inflammatory response genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Sirvent
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD, Southampton, UK
| | - Andres F Vallejo
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD, Southampton, UK
| | - James Davies
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD, Southampton, UK
| | - Kalum Clayton
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD, Southampton, UK
| | - Zhiguo Wu
- Division of Immunobiology & Center for Systems Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Jeongmin Woo
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeremy Riddell
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Virendra K Chaudhri
- Division of Immunobiology & Center for Systems Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.,Center for Systems Immunology, Departments of Immunology and Computational and Systems Biology, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Patrick Stumpf
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK
| | - Liliya Angelova Nazlamova
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD, Southampton, UK
| | - Gabrielle Wheway
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK
| | - Matthew Rose-Zerilli
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD, Southampton, UK
| | - Jonathan West
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD, Southampton, UK.,Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK
| | - Mario Pujato
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Xiaoting Chen
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | | | - Ben MacArthur
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD, Southampton, UK.,Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK
| | - Michael Ardern-Jones
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD, Southampton, UK
| | - Peter S Friedmann
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD, Southampton, UK
| | - Matthew T Weirauch
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA
| | - Harinder Singh
- Division of Immunobiology & Center for Systems Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA. .,Center for Systems Immunology, Departments of Immunology and Computational and Systems Biology, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Marta E Polak
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD, Southampton, UK. .,Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK.
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11
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Hubert M, Gobbini E, Bendriss-Vermare N, Caux C, Valladeau-Guilemond J. Human Tumor-Infiltrating Dendritic Cells: From in Situ Visualization to High-Dimensional Analyses. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1082. [PMID: 31366174 PMCID: PMC6721288 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between tumor cells and the immune system is considered to be a dynamic process. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a pivotal role in anti-tumor immunity owing to their outstanding T cell activation ability. Their functions and activities are broad ranged, triggering different mechanisms and responses to the DC subset. Several studies identified in situ human tumor-infiltrating DCs by immunostaining using a limited number of markers. However, considering the heterogeneity of DC subsets, the identification of each subtype present in the immune infiltrate is essential. To achieve this, studies initially relied on flow cytometry analyses to provide a precise characterization of tumor-associated DC subsets based on a combination of multiple markers. The concomitant development of advanced technologies, such as mass cytometry or complete transcriptome sequencing of a cell population or at a single cell level, has provided further details on previously identified populations, has unveiled previously unknown populations, and has finally led to the standardization of the DCs classification across tissues and species. Here, we review the evolution of tumor-associated DC description, from in situ visualization to their characterization with high-dimensional technologies, and the clinical use of these findings specifically focusing on the prognostic impact of DCs in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Hubert
- Cancer Research Center Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052 CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, 69373 Lyon, France
| | - Elisa Gobbini
- Cancer Research Center Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052 CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, 69373 Lyon, France
| | - Nathalie Bendriss-Vermare
- Cancer Research Center Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052 CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, 69373 Lyon, France
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12
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Rhodes JW, Tong O, Harman AN, Turville SG. Human Dendritic Cell Subsets, Ontogeny, and Impact on HIV Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1088. [PMID: 31156637 PMCID: PMC6532592 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play important roles in orchestrating host immunity against invading pathogens, representing one of the first responders to infection by mucosal invaders. From their discovery by Ralph Steinman in the 1970s followed shortly after with descriptions of their in vivo diversity and distribution by Derek Hart, we are still continuing to progressively elucidate the spectrum of DCs present in various anatomical compartments. With the power of high-dimensional approaches such as single-cell sequencing and multiparameter cytometry, recent studies have shed new light on the identities and functions of DC subtypes. Notable examples include the reclassification of plasmacytoid DCs as purely interferon-producing cells and re-evaluation of intestinal conventional DCs and macrophages as derived from monocyte precursors. Collectively, these observations have changed how we view these cells not only in steady-state immunity but also during disease and infection. In this review, we will discuss the current landscape of DCs and their ontogeny, and how this influences our understanding of their roles during HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake William Rhodes
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Orion Tong
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew Nicholas Harman
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Applied Medical Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stuart Grant Turville
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Kirby Institute, Kensington, NSW, Australia
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13
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Balin SJ, Pellegrini M, Klechevsky E, Won ST, Weiss DI, Choi AW, Hakimian J, Lu J, Ochoa MT, Bloom BR, Lanier LL, Stenger S, Modlin RL. Human antimicrobial cytotoxic T lymphocytes, defined by NK receptors and antimicrobial proteins, kill intracellular bacteria. Sci Immunol 2019; 3:3/26/eaat7668. [PMID: 30171080 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aat7668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) contribute to antimicrobial defense against intracellular pathogens through secretion of cytotoxic granule proteins granzyme B, perforin, and granulysin. However, CTLs are heterogeneous in the expression of these proteins, and the subset(s) responsible for antimicrobial activity is unclear. Studying human leprosy, we found that the subset of CTLs coexpressing all three cytotoxic molecules is increased in the resistant form of the disease, can be expanded by interleukin-15 (IL-15), and is differentiated from naïve CD8+ T cells by Langerhans cells. RNA sequencing analysis identified that these CTLs express a gene signature that includes an array of surface receptors typically expressed by natural killer (NK) cells. We determined that CD8+ CTLs expressing granzyme B, perforin, and granulysin, as well as the activating NK receptor NKG2C, represent a population of "antimicrobial CTLs" (amCTLs) capable of T cell receptor (TCR)-dependent and TCR-independent release of cytotoxic granule proteins that mediate antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Balin
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Eynav Klechevsky
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Sohui T Won
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - David I Weiss
- Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Graduate Program, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Aaron W Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Joshua Hakimian
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jing Lu
- Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Maria Teresa Ochoa
- Department of Dermatology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Barry R Bloom
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lewis L Lanier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Steffen Stenger
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Robert L Modlin
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. .,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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14
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Wang HF, Wang SS, Tang YJ, Chen Y, Zheng M, Tang YL, Liang XH. The Double-Edged Sword-How Human Papillomaviruses Interact With Immunity in Head and Neck Cancer. Front Immunol 2019; 10:653. [PMID: 31001266 PMCID: PMC6454067 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have remarkably better prognosis, which differs from HPV-negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) with respect to clinical, genomic, molecular, and immunological aspects, especially having the characteristics of high levels of immune cell infiltration and high degrees of immunosuppression. This review will summarize immune evasion mechanisms in HPV-positive HNSCC, analyze the host various immune responses to HPV and abundant numbers of infiltrating immune cell, and discuss the differences between HPV-positive HNSCC with cervical cancer. A deeper understanding of the immune landscape will help new concepts to emerge in immune-checkpoint oncology, which might be a valuable add-on to established concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Fan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
| | - Sha-Sha Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Jie Tang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Stomatology, Zhoushan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
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15
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Collin M, Bigley V. Human dendritic cell subsets: an update. Immunology 2018; 154:3-20. [PMID: 29313948 PMCID: PMC5904714 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 881] [Impact Index Per Article: 125.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are a class of bone-marrow-derived cells arising from lympho-myeloid haematopoiesis that form an essential interface between the innate sensing of pathogens and the activation of adaptive immunity. This task requires a wide range of mechanisms and responses, which are divided between three major DC subsets: plasmacytoid DC (pDC), myeloid/conventional DC1 (cDC1) and myeloid/conventional DC2 (cDC2). Each DC subset develops under the control of a specific repertoire of transcription factors involving differential levels of IRF8 and IRF4 in collaboration with PU.1, ID2, E2-2, ZEB2, KLF4, IKZF1 and BATF3. DC haematopoiesis is conserved between mammalian species and is distinct from monocyte development. Although monocytes can differentiate into DC, especially during inflammation, most quiescent tissues contain significant resident populations of DC lineage cells. An extended range of surface markers facilitates the identification of specific DC subsets although it remains difficult to dissociate cDC2 from monocyte-derived DC in some settings. Recent studies based on an increasing level of resolution of phenotype and gene expression have identified pre-DC in human blood and heterogeneity among cDC2. These advances facilitate the integration of mouse and human immunology, support efforts to unravel human DC function in vivo and continue to present new translational opportunities to medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Collin
- Human Dendritic Cell LabInstitute of Cellular Medicine and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Venetia Bigley
- Human Dendritic Cell LabInstitute of Cellular Medicine and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
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16
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Strobl H, Krump C, Borek I. Micro-environmental signals directing human epidermal Langerhans cell differentiation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 86:36-43. [PMID: 29448069 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Human Langerhans cells (LC) can be generated ex vivo from hematopoietic precursor cells in response to cytokines and cell-membrane associated ligands. These in vitro differentiation models provided mechanistic insights into the molecular and cellular pathways underlying the development of this unique, epithelia-associated dendritic cell subset. Notably, the human epidermal microenvironment is fully sufficient to induce LC differentiation from hematopoietic progenitors. Hence, dissecting the molecular characteristics of the human epithelial/epidermal LC niche, and testing defined ligands for their capacity to induce LC differentiation, led to a refined molecular model of LC lineage commitment. During epidermal ontogeny, spatially and temporally regulated availability of TGF-β family members cooperate with other keratinocyte-derived signals, such as E-cadherin and Notch ligands, for instructing LC differentiation. In this review, we discuss the signals known to instruct human hematopoietic progenitor cells and myelomonocytic cells to undergo LC lineage commitment. Additionally, the current methods for generation of large numbers of human LC-like cells ex vivo in defined serum-free media are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Strobl
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Chair of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Corinna Krump
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Chair of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Izabela Borek
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Chair of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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17
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Woodham AW, Yan L, Skeate JG, van der Veen D, Brand HH, Wong MK, Da Silva DM, Kast WM. T cell ignorance is bliss: T cells are not tolerized by Langerhans cells presenting human papillomavirus antigens in the absence of costimulation. PAPILLOMAVIRUS RESEARCH 2018; 2:21-30. [PMID: 27182559 PMCID: PMC4862606 DOI: 10.1016/j.pvr.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) infections are intra-epithelial, and thus, HPV16 is known to interact with Langerhans cells (LCs), the resident epithelial antigen-presenting cells (APCs). The current paradigm for APC-mediated induction of T cell anergy is through delivery of T cell receptor signals via peptides on MHC molecules (signal 1), but without costimulation (signal 2). We previously demonstrated that LCs exposed to HPV16 in vitro present HPV antigens to T cells without costimulation, but it remained uncertain if such T cells would remain ignorant, become anergic, or in the case of CD4+ T cells, differentiate into Tregs. Here we demonstrate that Tregs were not induced by LCs presenting only signal 1, and through a series of in vitro immunizations show that CD8+ T cells receiving signal 1+2 from LCs weeks after consistently receiving signal 1 are capable of robust effector functions. Importantly, this indicates that T cells are not tolerized but instead remain ignorant to HPV, and are activated given the proper signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Woodham
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Lisa Yan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Joseph G Skeate
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | | | - Heike H Brand
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Michael K Wong
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Diane M Da Silva
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - W Martin Kast
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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18
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Clayton K, Vallejo AF, Davies J, Sirvent S, Polak ME. Langerhans Cells-Programmed by the Epidermis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1676. [PMID: 29238347 PMCID: PMC5712534 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Langerhans cells (LCs) reside in the epidermis as a dense network of immune system sentinels. These cells determine the appropriate adaptive immune response (inflammation or tolerance) by interpreting the microenvironmental context in which they encounter foreign substances. In a normal physiological, "non-dangerous" situation, LCs coordinate a continuous state of immune tolerance, preventing unnecessary and harmful immune activation. Conversely, when they sense a danger signal, for example during infection or when the physical integrity of skin has been compromised as a result of a trauma, they instruct T lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system to mount efficient effector responses. Recent advances investigating the molecular mechanisms underpinning the cross talk between LCs and the epidermal microenvironment reveal its importance for programming LC biology. This review summarizes the novel findings describing LC origin and function through the analysis of the transcriptomic programs and gene regulatory networks (GRNs). Review and meta-analysis of publicly available datasets clearly delineates LCs as distinct from both conventional dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages, suggesting a primary role for the epidermal microenvironment in programming LC biology. This concept is further supported by the analysis of the effect of epidermal pro-inflammatory signals, regulating key GRNs in human and murine LCs. Applying whole transcriptome analyses and in silico analysis has advanced our understanding of how LCs receive, integrate, and process signals from the steady-state and diseased epidermis. Interestingly, in homeostasis and under immunological stress, the molecular network in LCs remains relatively stable, reflecting a key evolutionary need related to tissue localization. Importantly, to fulfill their key role in orchestrating antiviral adaptive immune responses, LC share specific transcriptomic modules with other DC types able to cross-present antigens to cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, pointing to a possible evolutionary convergence mechanism. With the development of more advanced technologies allowing delineation of the molecular networks at the level of chromatin organization, histone modifications, protein translation, and phosphorylation, future "omics" investigations will bring in-depth understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms underpinning human LC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalum Clayton
- Systems Immmunology Group, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Andres F Vallejo
- Systems Immmunology Group, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - James Davies
- Systems Immmunology Group, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Sofia Sirvent
- Systems Immmunology Group, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Marta E Polak
- Systems Immmunology Group, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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19
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Mowat AM, Scott CL, Bain CC. Barrier-tissue macrophages: functional adaptation to environmental challenges. Nat Med 2017; 23:1258-1270. [PMID: 29117177 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are found throughout the body, where they have crucial roles in tissue development, homeostasis and remodeling, as well as being sentinels of the innate immune system that can contribute to protective immunity and inflammation. Barrier tissues, such as the intestine, lung, skin and liver, are exposed constantly to the outside world, which places special demands on resident cell populations such as macrophages. Here we review the mounting evidence that although macrophages in different barrier tissues may be derived from distinct progenitors, their highly specific properties are shaped by the local environment, which allows them to adapt precisely to the needs of their anatomical niche. We discuss the properties of macrophages in steady-state barrier tissues, outline the factors that shape their differentiation and behavior and describe how macrophages change during protective immunity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan McI Mowat
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Charlotte L Scott
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Ontogeny and Functional Specialization, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Calum C Bain
- The University of Edinburgh/MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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20
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Lutz MB, Strobl H, Schuler G, Romani N. GM-CSF Monocyte-Derived Cells and Langerhans Cells As Part of the Dendritic Cell Family. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1388. [PMID: 29109731 PMCID: PMC5660299 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages (Mph) share many characteristics as components of the innate immune system. The criteria to classify the multitude of subsets within the mononuclear phagocyte system are currently phenotype, ontogeny, transcription patterns, epigenetic adaptations, and function. More recently, ontogenetic, transcriptional, and proteomic research approaches uncovered major developmental differences between Flt3L-dependent conventional DCs as compared with Mphs and monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs), the latter mainly generated in vitro from murine bone marrow-derived DCs (BM-DCs) or human CD14+ peripheral blood monocytes. Conversely, in vitro GM-CSF-dependent monocyte-derived Mphs largely resemble MoDCs whereas tissue-resident Mphs show a common embryonic origin from yolk sac and fetal liver with Langerhans cells (LCs). The novel ontogenetic findings opened discussions on the terminology of DCs versus Mphs. Here, we bring forward arguments to facilitate definitions of BM-DCs, MoDCs, and LCs. We propose a group model of terminology for all DC subsets that attempts to encompass both ontogeny and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred B Lutz
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Herbert Strobl
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerold Schuler
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Romani
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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21
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van Dinther D, Stolk DA, van de Ven R, van Kooyk Y, de Gruijl TD, den Haan JMM. Targeting C-type lectin receptors: a high-carbohydrate diet for dendritic cells to improve cancer vaccines. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:1017-1034. [PMID: 28729358 PMCID: PMC5597514 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.5mr0217-059rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing understanding of why certain patients do or do not respond to checkpoint inhibition therapy. This opens new opportunities to reconsider and redevelop vaccine strategies to prime an anticancer immune response. Combination of such vaccines with checkpoint inhibitors will both provide the fuel and release the brake for an efficient anticancer response. Here, we discuss vaccine strategies that use C-type lectin receptor (CLR) targeting of APCs, such as dendritic cells and macrophages. APCs are a necessity for the priming of antigen-specific cytotoxic and helper T cells. Because CLRs are natural carbohydrate-recognition receptors highly expressed by multiple subsets of APCs and involved in uptake and processing of Ags for presentation, these receptors seem particularly interesting for targeting purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieke van Dinther
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Dorian A Stolk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Rieneke van de Ven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joke M M den Haan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
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22
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Korenfeld D, Gorvel L, Munk A, Man J, Schaffer A, Tung T, Mann C, Klechevsky E. A type of human skin dendritic cell marked by CD5 is associated with the development of inflammatory skin disease. JCI Insight 2017; 2:96101. [PMID: 28931765 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.96101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are important in regulating immunity and tolerance and consist of functionally distinct subsets that differentially regulate T lymphocyte function. The underlying basis for this subset specificity is lacking, particularly in humans, where the classification of tissue DCs is currently incomplete. Examination of healthy human epidermal Langerhans cells and dermal skin cells revealed a tissue CD5-expressing DC subtype. The CD5+ DCs were potent inducers of cytotoxic T cells and Th22 cells. The products of these T cells, IL-22 and IFN-γ, play a key role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Remarkably, CD5+ DCs were significantly enriched in lesional psoriatic skin compared with distal tissues, suggesting their involvement in the disease. We show that CD5+ DCs can be differentiated from hematopoietic progenitor cells independently of the CD5- DCs. A progenitor population found in human cord blood and in the dermal skin layer, marked as CD34-CD123+CD117dimCD45RA+, was an immediate precursor of these CD11c+CD1c+CD5+ DCs. Overall, our discovery of the CD5-expressing DC subtype suggests that strategies to regulate their composition or function in the skin will represent an innovative approach for the treatment of immune-mediated disorders in and beyond the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Korenfeld
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Immunobiology
| | - Laurent Gorvel
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Immunobiology
| | - Adiel Munk
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Immunobiology
| | - Joshua Man
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Immunobiology
| | - Andras Schaffer
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Dermatopathology Center
| | - Thomas Tung
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, and
| | - Caroline Mann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Eynav Klechevsky
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Immunobiology
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23
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Gorvel L, Korenfeld D, Tung T, Klechevsky E. Dendritic Cell-Derived IL-32α: A Novel Inhibitory Cytokine of NK Cell Function. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:1290-1300. [PMID: 28701509 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines produced by dendritic cells (DCs) can largely determine the direction of immunity. Transcriptional analysis revealed that besides IL-15, IL-32 was the only other cytokine expressed by human Langerhans cells. IL-32 is a human cytokine that exists in four main isoforms. Currently, little is known about the regulation and function of the various IL-32 isoforms. In this study, we found that IL-15 is a potent inducer of IL-32α in DCs. Because IL-15 promotes NK cell activation, we investigated the interplay between IL-32 and IL-15 and their role in NK cell activity. We show that IL-32α acts on NK cells to inhibit IL-15-mediated STAT5 phosphorylation and to suppress their IL-15-induced effector molecule expression and cytolytic capacity. IL-32α also acted on DCs by downregulating IL-15-induced IL-18 production, an important cytokine in NK cell activity. Blocking IL-32α during DC:NK cell coculture enhanced NK cell effector molecule expression as well as their cytolytic capacity. Taken together, our findings suggest a feedback inhibition of IL-15-mediated NK cell activity by IL-32α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Gorvel
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
| | - Daniel Korenfeld
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
| | - Thomas Tung
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Eynav Klechevsky
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
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24
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Botting RA, Bertram KM, Baharlou H, Sandgren KJ, Fletcher J, Rhodes JW, Rana H, Plasto TM, Wang XM, Lim JJK, Barnouti L, Kohout MP, Papadopoulos T, Merten S, Olbourne N, Cunningham AL, Haniffa M, Harman AN. Phenotypic and functional consequences of different isolation protocols on skin mononuclear phagocytes. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 101:1393-1403. [PMID: 28270408 PMCID: PMC5433859 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4a1116-496r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mononuclear phagocytes are present in skin and mucosa and represent one of the first lines of defense against invading pathogens, which they detect via an array of pathogen-binding receptors expressed on their surface. However, their extraction from tissue is difficult, and the isolation technique used has functional consequences on the cells obtained. Here, we compare mononuclear phagocytes isolated from human skin using either enzymatic digestion or spontaneous migration. Cells isolated via enzymatic digestion are in an immature state, and all subsets are easily defined. However, cells isolated by spontaneous migration are in a mature state, and CD141 cross-presenting DCs (cDC1) are more difficult to define. Different pathogen-binding receptors are susceptible to cleavage by blends of collagenase, demonstrating that great care must be taken in choosing the correct enzyme blend to digest tissue if carrying out pathogen-interaction assays. Finally, we have optimized mononuclear phagocyte culture conditions to enhance their survival after liberation from the tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Botting
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kirstie M Bertram
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Heeva Baharlou
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kerrie J Sandgren
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James Fletcher
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jake W Rhodes
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hafsa Rana
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Toby M Plasto
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xin Maggie Wang
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Laith Barnouti
- Australia Plastic Surgery, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark P Kohout
- Australia Plastic Surgery, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Steve Merten
- Pure Aesthetics Plastic Surgery, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Anthony L Cunningham
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Muzlifah Haniffa
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew N Harman
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia;
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakeen W. Kashem
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Muzlifah Haniffa
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel H. Kaplan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
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26
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Matsuzawa T, Ogawa Y, Moriishi K, Shimada S, Kawamura T. Immunological function of Langerhans cells in HIV infection. J Dermatol Sci 2017; 87:159-167. [PMID: 28433429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Langerhans cells (LCs) are one of the initial target cells for HIV following sexual exposure and they are productively infected by HIV. HIV-infected LCs migrate to the draining lymph nodes (dLNs) and transmit the virus to CD4+ T cells, leading to the dissemination of HIV. In contrast with the role of LCs in initial HIV acquisition, little is known about the modulation of immune responses by HIV-infected LCs. OBJECTIVE We aimed to elucidate the induction of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs), both of which play important roles in regulating the progression of HIV infection. METHODS We examined the inducibility of HLA-A*0201 restricted HIV-specific CD8+ T cells and Tregs by HIV-primed LCs or HIV-primed dendritic cells (DCs) as a control. RESULTS The number of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells induced by HIV-primed monocyte-derived LCs (mLCs) was significantly higher than that by HIV-primed monocyte-derived DCs (mDCs). Additionally, HIV-specific CD8+ T cells induced by HIV-primed mLCs produced more IFN-γ than HIV-nonspecific CD8+ T cells. HIV-primed human epidermal LCs also induced IFN-γ-producing HIV-specific CD8+ T cells. As for the induction of Tregs, HIV-primed mLCs and human epidermal LCs significantly impaired the induction of FoxP3hiCD45RA- effector Tregs than HIV-unprimed mLCs and human epidermal LCs. CONCLUSIONS HIV-primed LCs trigger beneficial immune responses against HIV infection through the increased induction of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells and the decreased induction of effector Tregs in the initial phase of HIV infection, thereby contributing to the prolonged onset of AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamitsu Matsuzawa
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Youichi Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
| | - Kohji Moriishi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Shinji Shimada
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Tatsuyoshi Kawamura
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
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27
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Botting RA, Rana H, Bertram KM, Rhodes JW, Baharlou H, Nasr N, Cunningham AL, Harman AN. Langerhans cells and sexual transmission of HIV and HSV. Rev Med Virol 2017; 27. [PMID: 28044388 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Langerhans cells (LCs) situated in stratified squamous epithelium of the skin and mucosal tissue are amongst the first cells that sexually transmitted pathogens encounter during transmission. They are potent antigen presenting cells and play a key role in the host mounting an appropriate immune response. As such, viruses have evolved complex strategies to manipulate these cells to facilitate successful transmission. One of best studied examples is HIV, which manipulates the natural function of these cells to interact with CD4 T cells, which are the main target cell for HIV in which rapid replication occurs. However, there is controversy in the literature as to the role that LCs play in this process. Langerhans cells also play a key role in the way the body mounts an immune response to HSV, and there is also a complex interplay between the transmission of HSV and HIV that involves LCs. In this article, we review both past and present literatures with a particular focus on a few very recent studies that shed new light on the role that LCs play in the transmission and immune response to these 2 pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Botting
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hafsa Rana
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kirstie M Bertram
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jake W Rhodes
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Heeva Baharlou
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Najla Nasr
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony L Cunningham
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew N Harman
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
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28
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Pollara G, Murray MJ, Heather JM, Byng-Maddick R, Guppy N, Ellis M, Turner CT, Chain BM, Noursadeghi M. Validation of Immune Cell Modules in Multicellular Transcriptomic Data. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169271. [PMID: 28045996 PMCID: PMC5207692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous gene signatures, or modules have been described to evaluate the immune cell composition in transcriptomes of multicellular tissue samples. However, significant diversity in module gene content for specific cell types is associated with heterogeneity in their performance. In order to rank modules that best reflect their purported association, we have generated the modular discrimination index (MDI) score that assesses expression of each module in the target cell type relative to other cells. We demonstrate that MDI scores predict modules that best reflect independently validated differences in cellular composition, and correlate with the covariance between cell numbers and module expression in human blood and tissue samples. Our analyses demonstrate that MDI scores provide an ordinal summary statistic that reliably ranks the accuracy of gene expression modules for deconvolution of cell type abundance in transcriptional data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Pollara
- Division of Infection & Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Murray
- Division of Infection & Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James M. Heather
- Division of Infection & Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Byng-Maddick
- Division of Infection & Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Naomi Guppy
- UCL Advanced Diagnostics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Ellis
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carolin T. Turner
- Division of Infection & Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin M. Chain
- Division of Infection & Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mahdad Noursadeghi
- Division of Infection & Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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29
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Wu X, Briseño CG, Durai V, Albring JC, Haldar M, Bagadia P, Kim KW, Randolph GJ, Murphy TL, Murphy KM. Mafb lineage tracing to distinguish macrophages from other immune lineages reveals dual identity of Langerhans cells. J Exp Med 2016; 213:2553-2565. [PMID: 27810926 PMCID: PMC5110021 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current systems for conditional gene deletion within mouse macrophage lineages are limited by ectopic activity or low efficiency. In this study, we generated a Mafb-driven Cre strain to determine whether any dendritic cells (DCs) identified by Zbtb46-GFP expression originate from a Mafb-expressing population. Lineage tracing distinguished macrophages from classical DCs, neutrophils, and B cells in all organs examined. At steady state, Langerhans cells (LCs) were lineage traced but also expressed Zbtb46-GFP, a phenotype not observed in any other population. After exposure to house dust mite antigen, Zbtb46-negative CD64+ inflammatory cells infiltrating the lung were substantially lineage traced, but Zbtb46-positive CD64- cells were not. These results provide new evidence for the unique identity of LCs and challenge the notion that some inflammatory cells are a population of monocyte-derived DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Wu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Carlos G Briseño
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Vivek Durai
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Jörn C Albring
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology and Oncology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Malay Haldar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Prachi Bagadia
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Ki-Wook Kim
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Gwendalyn J Randolph
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Theresa L Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Kenneth M Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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Carpentier S, Vu Manh TP, Chelbi R, Henri S, Malissen B, Haniffa M, Ginhoux F, Dalod M. Comparative genomics analysis of mononuclear phagocyte subsets confirms homology between lymphoid tissue-resident and dermal XCR1(+) DCs in mouse and human and distinguishes them from Langerhans cells. J Immunol Methods 2016; 432:35-49. [PMID: 26966045 PMCID: PMC4859332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2016.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are mononuclear phagocytes which exhibit a branching (dendritic) morphology and excel at naïve T cell activation. DC encompass several subsets initially identified by their expression of cell surface molecules and later shown to possess distinct functions. DC subset differentiation is orchestrated by transcription factors, growth factors and cytokines. Identifying DC subsets is challenging as very few cell surface molecules are uniquely expressed on any one of these cell populations. There is no standard consensus to identify mononuclear phagocyte subsets; varying antigens are employed depending on the tissue and animal species studied and between laboratories. This has led to confusion in how to accurately define and classify DCs across tissues and between species. Here we report a comparative genomics strategy that enables universal definition of DC and other mononuclear phagocyte subsets across species. We performed a meta-analysis of several public datasets of human and mouse mononuclear phagocyte subsets isolated from blood, spleen, skin or cutaneous lymph nodes, including by using a novel and user friendly software, BubbleGUM, which generates and integrates gene signatures for high throughput gene set enrichment analysis. This analysis demonstrates the equivalence between human and mouse skin XCR1(+) DCs, and between mouse and human Langerhans cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Carpentier
- Mi-mAbs (C/O Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy), F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Thien-Phong Vu Manh
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, F-13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Rabie Chelbi
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, F-13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Sandrine Henri
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, F-13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Bernard Malissen
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, F-13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Muzlifah Haniffa
- Human Dendritic Cell Laboratory, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
| | - Marc Dalod
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, F-13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France.
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Caucheteux SM, Mitchell JP, Ivory MO, Hirosue S, Hakobyan S, Dolton G, Ladell K, Miners K, Price DA, Kan-Mitchell J, Sewell AK, Nestle F, Moris A, Karoo RO, Birchall JC, Swartz MA, Hubbel JA, Blanchet FP, Piguet V. Polypropylene Sulfide Nanoparticle p24 Vaccine Promotes Dendritic Cell-Mediated Specific Immune Responses against HIV-1. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1172-1181. [PMID: 26896775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of vaccine formulations into the dermis using antigen-coated microneedle patches is a promising and safe approach because of efficient antigen delivery and safety. We evaluated an intradermal vaccine using HIV-1 p24 Gag peptide-conjugated polypropylene sulfide nanoparticles to induce immunity against HIV-1. This peptide-conjugated polypropylene sulfide nanoparticle formulation did not accelerate the maturation of blood- or skin-derived subsets of dendritic cells, either generated in vitro or purified ex vivo, despite efficient uptake in the absence of adjuvant. Moreover, dendritic cell-mediated capture of particulate antigen in this form induced potent HIV-1-specific CD4(+) T-cell responses, as well as B-cell-mediated antibody production. Nanoparticle-based intradermal antigen delivery may therefore provide a new option in the global effort to develop an effective vaccine against HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan M Caucheteux
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - John P Mitchell
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Matthew O Ivory
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sachiko Hirosue
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Svetlana Hakobyan
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Garry Dolton
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kelly Miners
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - David A Price
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - June Kan-Mitchell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew K Sewell
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Frank Nestle
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Arnaud Moris
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, INSERM U1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections, F-75013, Paris, France
| | | | - James C Birchall
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Melody A Swartz
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Hubbel
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Fabien P Blanchet
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Vincent Piguet
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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32
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Murphy TL, Grajales-Reyes GE, Wu X, Tussiwand R, Briseño CG, Iwata A, Kretzer NM, Durai V, Murphy KM. Transcriptional Control of Dendritic Cell Development. Annu Rev Immunol 2015; 34:93-119. [PMID: 26735697 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-032713-120204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The dendritic cells (DCs) of the immune system function in innate and adaptive responses by directing activity of various effector cells rather than serving as effectors themselves. DCs and closely related myeloid lineages share expression of many surface receptors, presenting a challenge in distinguishing their unique in vivo functions. Recent work has taken advantage of unique transcriptional programs to identify and manipulate murine DCs in vivo. This work has assigned several nonredundant in vivo functions to distinct DC lineages, consisting of plasmacytoid DCs and several subsets of classical DCs that promote different immune effector modules in response to pathogens. In parallel, a correspondence between human and murine DC subsets has emerged, underlying structural similarities for the DC lineages between these species. Recent work has begun to unravel the transcriptional circuitry that controls the development and diversification of DCs from common progenitors in the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa L Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri 63110;
| | - Gary E Grajales-Reyes
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri 63110;
| | - Xiaodi Wu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri 63110;
| | - Roxane Tussiwand
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carlos G Briseño
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri 63110;
| | - Arifumi Iwata
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri 63110;
| | - Nicole M Kretzer
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri 63110;
| | - Vivek Durai
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri 63110;
| | - Kenneth M Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri 63110; .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri 63110
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33
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Da Silva DM, Woodham AW, Rijkee LK, Skeate JG, Taylor JR, Koopman ME, Brand HE, Wong MK, McKee GM, Salazar AM, Kast WM. Human papillomavirus-exposed Langerhans cells are activated by stabilized Poly-I:C. PAPILLOMAVIRUS RESEARCH 2015; 1:12-21. [PMID: 26665182 PMCID: PMC4671084 DOI: 10.1016/j.pvr.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) establish persistent infections because of evolved immune evasion mechanisms, particularly HPV-mediated suppression of the immune functions of Langerhans cells (LC), the antigen presenting cells of the epithelium. Polyinosinic-polycytidilic acid (Poly-I:C) is broadly immunostimulatory with the ability to enhance APC expression of costimulatory molecules and inflammatory cytokines resulting in T cell activation. Here we investigated the activation of primary human LC derived from peripheral blood monocytes after exposure to HPV16 virus like particles followed by treatment with stabilized Poly-I:C compounds (s-Poly-I:C), and their subsequent induction of HPV16-specific T cells. Our results indicate that HPV16 particles alone were incapable of inducing LC activation as demonstrated by the lack of costimulatory molecules, inflammatory cytokines, chemokine-directed migration, and HPV16-specific CD8+ T cells in vitro. Conversely, s-Poly-I:C caused significant upregulation of costimulatory molecules and induction of chemokine-directed migration of LC that were pre-exposed to HPV16. In HLA-A*0201-positive donors, s-Poly-I:C treatment was able to induce CD8+ T cell immune responses against HPV16-derived peptides. Thus, s-Poly-I:C compounds are attractive for translation into therapeutics in which they could potentially mediate clearance of persistent HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane M Da Silva
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Andrew W Woodham
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Laurie K Rijkee
- Groningen International Program of Science in Medicine, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joseph G Skeate
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Julia R Taylor
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Maaike E Koopman
- Groningen International Program of Science in Medicine, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Heike E Brand
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael K Wong
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | - W Martin Kast
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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34
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Phenotypic and Functional Properties of Human Steady State CD14+ and CD1a+ Antigen Presenting Cells and Epidermal Langerhans Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143519. [PMID: 26605924 PMCID: PMC4659545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous antigen presenting cells (APCs) are critical for the induction and regulation of skin immune responses. The human skin contains phenotypically and functionally distinct APCs subsets that are present at two separated locations. While CD1ahigh LCs form a dense network in the epidermis, the CD14+ and CD1a+ APCs reside in the dermal compartment. A better understanding of the biology of human skin APC subsets is necessary for the improvement of vaccine strategies that use the skin as administration route. In particular, progress in the characterization of uptake and activatory receptors will certainly improve APC-targeting strategies in vaccination. Here we performed a detailed analysis of the expression and function of glycan-binding and pattern-recognition receptors in skin APC subsets. The results demonstrate that under steady state conditions human CD1a+ dermal dendritic cells (DCs) were phenotypically most mature as measured by the expression of CD83 and CD86, whereas the CD14+ cells showed a higher expression of the CLRs DC-SIGN, mannose receptor and DCIR and had potent antigen uptake capacity. Furthermore, steady state LCs showed superior antigen cross-presentation as compared to the dermal APC subsets. Our results also demonstrate that the TLR3 ligand polyribosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (pI:C) was the most potent stimulator of cytokine production by both LCs and dDCs. These studies warrant further exploration of human CD1a+ dDCs and LCs as target cells for cancer vaccination to induce anti-tumor immune responses.
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35
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Clausen BE, Stoitzner P. Functional Specialization of Skin Dendritic Cell Subsets in Regulating T Cell Responses. Front Immunol 2015; 6:534. [PMID: 26557117 PMCID: PMC4617171 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are a heterogeneous family of professional antigen-presenting cells classically recognized as most potent inducers of adaptive immune responses. In this respect, Langerhans cells have long been considered to be prototypic immunogenic DC in the skin. More recently this view has considerably changed. The generation of in vivo cell ablation and lineage tracing models revealed the complexity of the skin DC network and, in particular, established the existence of a number of phenotypically distinct Langerin+ and negative DC populations in the dermis. Moreover, by now we appreciate that DC also exert important regulatory functions and are required for the maintenance of tolerance toward harmless foreign and self-antigens. This review summarizes our current understanding of the skin-resident DC system in the mouse and discusses emerging concepts on the functional specialization of the different skin DC subsets in regulating T cell responses. Special consideration is given to antigen cross-presentation as well as immune reactions toward contact sensitizers, cutaneous pathogens, and tumors. These studies form the basis for the manipulation of the human counterparts of the murine DC subsets to promote immunity or tolerance for the treatment of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn E Clausen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Patrizia Stoitzner
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Division of Experimental Dermatology, Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck , Austria
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36
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Geginat J, Nizzoli G, Paroni M, Maglie S, Larghi P, Pascolo S, Abrignani S. Immunity to Pathogens Taught by Specialized Human Dendritic Cell Subsets. Front Immunol 2015; 6:527. [PMID: 26528289 PMCID: PMC4603245 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that have a key role in immune responses because they bridge the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. They mature upon recognition of pathogens and upregulate MHC molecules and costimulatory receptors to activate antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. It is now well established that DCs are not a homogeneous population but are composed of different subsets with specialized functions in immune responses to specific pathogens. Upon viral infections, plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) rapidly produce large amounts of IFN-α, which has potent antiviral functions and activates several other immune cells. However, pDCs are not particularly potent APCs and induce the tolerogenic cytokine IL-10 in CD4+ T cells. In contrast, myeloid DCs (mDCs) are very potent APCs and possess the unique capacity to prime naive T cells and consequently to initiate a primary adaptive immune response. Different subsets of mDCs with specialized functions have been identified. In mice, CD8α+ mDCs capture antigenic material from necrotic cells, secrete high levels of IL-12, and prime Th1 and cytotoxic T-cell responses to control intracellular pathogens. Conversely, CD8α− mDCs preferentially prime CD4+ T cells and promote Th2 or Th17 differentiation. BDCA-3+ mDC2 are the human homologue of CD8α+ mDCs, since they share the expression of several key molecules, the capacity to cross-present antigens to CD8+ T-cells and to produce IFN-λ. However, although several features of the DC network are conserved between humans and mice, the expression of several toll-like receptors as well as the production of cytokines that regulate T-cell differentiation are different. Intriguingly, recent data suggest specific roles for human DC subsets in immune responses against individual pathogens. The biology of human DC subsets holds the promise to be exploitable in translational medicine, in particular for the development of vaccines against persistent infections or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Geginat
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi" (INGM) , Milan , Italy
| | - Giulia Nizzoli
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi" (INGM) , Milan , Italy
| | - Moira Paroni
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi" (INGM) , Milan , Italy
| | - Stefano Maglie
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi" (INGM) , Milan , Italy
| | - Paola Larghi
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi" (INGM) , Milan , Italy
| | - Steve Pascolo
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Sergio Abrignani
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi" (INGM) , Milan , Italy ; DISCCO, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milano , Milan , Italy
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37
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Da Silva DM, Woodham AW, Skeate JG, Rijkee LK, Taylor JR, Brand HE, Muderspach LI, Roman LD, Yessaian AA, Pham HQ, Matsuo K, Lin YG, McKee GM, Salazar AM, Kast WM. Langerhans cells from women with cervical precancerous lesions become functionally responsive against human papillomavirus after activation with stabilized Poly-I:C. Clin Immunol 2015; 161:197-208. [PMID: 26360252 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-mediated suppression of Langerhans cell (LC) function can lead to persistent infection and development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Women with HPV-induced high-grade CIN2/3 have not mounted an effective immune response against HPV, yet it is unknown if LC-mediated T cell activation from such women is functionally impaired against HPV. We investigated the functional activation of in vitro generated LC and their ability to induce HPV16-specific T cells from CIN2/3 patients after exposure to HPV16 followed by treatment with stabilized Poly-I:C (s-Poly-I:C). LC from patients exposed to HPV16 demonstrated a lack of costimulatory molecule expression, inflammatory cytokine secretion, and chemokine-directed migration. Conversely, s-Poly-I:C caused significant phenotypic and functional activation of HPV16-exposed LC, which resulted in de novo generation of HPV16-specific CD8(+) T cells. Our results highlight that LC of women with a history of persistent HPV infection can present HPV antigens and are capable of inducing an adaptive T cell immune response when given the proper stimulus, suggesting that s-Poly-I:C compounds may be attractive immunomodulators for LC-mediated clearance of persistent HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane M Da Silva
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Andrew W Woodham
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph G Skeate
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laurie K Rijkee
- Groningen International Program of Science in Medicine, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Julia R Taylor
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Heike E Brand
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laila I Muderspach
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lynda D Roman
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Annie A Yessaian
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Huyen Q Pham
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Koji Matsuo
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yvonne G Lin
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - W Martin Kast
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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38
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Regulation of Dendritic Cell Function in Inflammation. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:743169. [PMID: 26229971 PMCID: PMC4503598 DOI: 10.1155/2015/743169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen presenting cells and link the innate and adaptive immune system. During steady state immune surveillance in skin, DC act as sentinels against commensals and invading pathogens. Under pathological skin conditions, inflammatory cytokines, secreted by surrounding keratinocytes, dermal fibroblasts, and immune cells, influence the activation and maturation of different DC populations including Langerhans cells (LC) and dermal DC. In this review we address critical differences in human DC subtypes during inflammatory settings compared to steady state. We also highlight the functional characteristics of human DC subsets in inflammatory skin environments and skin diseases including psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Understanding the complex immunoregulatory role of distinct DC subsets in inflamed human skin will be a key element in developing novel strategies in anti-inflammatory therapy.
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39
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Vu Manh TP, Elhmouzi-Younes J, Urien C, Ruscanu S, Jouneau L, Bourge M, Moroldo M, Foucras G, Salmon H, Marty H, Quéré P, Bertho N, Boudinot P, Dalod M, Schwartz-Cornil I. Defining Mononuclear Phagocyte Subset Homology Across Several Distant Warm-Blooded Vertebrates Through Comparative Transcriptomics. Front Immunol 2015; 6:299. [PMID: 26150816 PMCID: PMC4473062 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mononuclear phagocytes are organized in a complex system of ontogenetically and functionally distinct subsets, that has been best described in mouse and to some extent in human. Identification of homologous mononuclear phagocyte subsets in other vertebrate species of biomedical, economic, and environmental interest is needed to improve our knowledge in physiologic and physio-pathologic processes, and to design intervention strategies against a variety of diseases, including zoonotic infections. We developed a streamlined approach combining refined cell sorting and integrated comparative transcriptomics analyses which revealed conservation of the mononuclear phagocyte organization across human, mouse, sheep, pigs and, in some respect, chicken. This strategy should help democratizing the use of omics analyses for the identification and study of cell types across tissues and species. Moreover, we identified conserved gene signatures that enable robust identification and universal definition of these cell types. We identified new evolutionarily conserved gene candidates and gene interaction networks for the molecular regulation of the development or functions of these cell types, as well as conserved surface candidates for refined subset phenotyping throughout species. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that orthologous genes of the conserved signatures exist in teleost fishes and apparently not in Lamprey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thien-Phong Vu Manh
- UM2, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université , Marseille , France ; U1104, INSERM , Marseille , France ; UMR7280, CNRS , Marseille , France
| | - Jamila Elhmouzi-Younes
- UR892, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, INRA, Domaine de Vilvert , Jouy-en-Josas , France
| | - Céline Urien
- UR892, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, INRA, Domaine de Vilvert , Jouy-en-Josas , France
| | - Suzana Ruscanu
- UR892, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, INRA, Domaine de Vilvert , Jouy-en-Josas , France
| | - Luc Jouneau
- UR892, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, INRA, Domaine de Vilvert , Jouy-en-Josas , France
| | - Mickaël Bourge
- IFR87 La Plante et son Environnement, IMAGIF CNRS , Gif-sur-Yvette , France
| | - Marco Moroldo
- CRB GADIE, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, INRA, Domaine de Vilvert , Jouy-en-Josas , France
| | - Gilles Foucras
- UMR1225, Université de Toulouse, INPT, ENVT , Toulouse , France ; UMR1225, Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes, INRA , Toulouse , France
| | - Henri Salmon
- UMR1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRA , Nouzilly , France ; UMR1282, Université François Rabelais de Tours , Tours , France
| | - Hélène Marty
- UMR1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRA , Nouzilly , France ; UMR1282, Université François Rabelais de Tours , Tours , France
| | - Pascale Quéré
- UMR1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRA , Nouzilly , France ; UMR1282, Université François Rabelais de Tours , Tours , France
| | - Nicolas Bertho
- UR892, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, INRA, Domaine de Vilvert , Jouy-en-Josas , France
| | - Pierre Boudinot
- UR892, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, INRA, Domaine de Vilvert , Jouy-en-Josas , France
| | - Marc Dalod
- UM2, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université , Marseille , France ; U1104, INSERM , Marseille , France ; UMR7280, CNRS , Marseille , France
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Klechevsky E. Functional Diversity of Human Dendritic Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 850:43-54. [PMID: 26324345 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-15774-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
At the crossroad between innate and adaptive immunity are the dendritic Cells (DCs), a "novel cell type." discovered in 1973 by Ralph Steinman. Although not entirely appreciated at first, it is clear that they play a critical role as specialized antigen-presenting cells and essential mediators in shaping immune reactivity and tolerance. Dendritic cells are now recognized as a heterogeneous group of cells in terms of cell-surface markers, anatomic location, and function adapted to protect against an array of pathogens and conditions. Importantly, these subsets are also unique to each species. While significant progress has been made on the identification and function of mouse DC subsets, much less is known about human cells. Here we review the fascinating biology of human skin DCs and describe tolerogenic principles that are critical in maintaining immune homeostasis and for controlling inflammation, as well as mechanisms that are fundamental to confer immunity. We surmise that these principles could be applied to DCs across organs, and could be harnessed for the treatment of various human autoimmune, inflammatory diseases, as well as cancer. Importantly, to leverage the relevance of basic research to the clinical setting, it is first necessary to determine the functional homology between mouse and human DCs. We discuss practical steps towards this aim.
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