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Jo HJ, Hong SH, Lee BM, Kim YJ, Hwang WR, Kim SY. High energy dissipation-based process to improve the rheological properties of bentonite drilling muds by reducing the particle size. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 92:106246. [PMID: 36463782 PMCID: PMC9722465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Drilling mud is a multi-phase fluid that is used in the petroleum drilling process. Bentonite is the most important constituent of drilling mud; it endows the drilling mud with its rheological behaviors, such as viscosity, yield stress, and shear thinning. The process of manufacturing microscale bentonite at the nanoscale level is very promising for commercializing nano-based drilling mud. In contrast to the conventional method using the impeller, bentonite was manufactured in its nanoparticle state in the present work through ultrasonic and homogenizer processes in the solution state. In case of the ultrasonic process, the viscosity increase in the low shear rate region before and after processing of the 5 wt% bentonite-based mud and the rheological properties in the presence of polymer additive were compared. In case of the homogenizer process, the rheological properties of 3 wt% bentonite-based mud employed through the homogenizer process and 5 wt% mud prepared generally were compared. Both processes reported improvement of rheological properties, in which shear thinning behavior strongly occurred when particle size decreased through FE-SEM, TEM image analysis, and particle size analyzer. A regularized Herschel-Bulkley model suitable for rheological quantitative explanation of drilling mud including yield stress was selected. The homogenizer process has the potential to be applied in the petroleum drilling industry for large-scale production, and the mechanism was confirmed by numerical analyses. In conclusion, we presented a simple and easy-to-apply process to rapidly produce nano-based drilling mud.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Jin Jo
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, 905 Yeongilman-daero, Heunghae-eup, Buk-gu Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37559, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Green Manufacturing Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Min Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering Gyeongsang National University Gajwa-dong 900, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ju Kim
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, 905 Yeongilman-daero, Heunghae-eup, Buk-gu Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37559, Republic of Korea.
| | - Wook Ryol Hwang
- School of Mechanical Engineering Gyeongsang National University Gajwa-dong 900, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soo Young Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Green Manufacturing Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Gao W, Lei Z, Chen W, Chen Y. Hierarchically Anisotropic Networks to Decouple Mechanical and Ionic Properties for High-Performance Quasi-Solid Thermocells. ACS NANO 2022; 16:8347-8357. [PMID: 35452232 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The rapid growth of wearable systems demands sustainable, mechanically adaptable, and eco-friendly energy-harvesting devices. Quasi-solid ionic thermocells have demonstrated the capability of continuously converting low-grade heat into electricity to power wearable electronics. However, a trade-off between ion conductivity and mechanical properties is one of the most challenging obstacles for developing high-performance quasi-solid thermocells. Herein, the trade-off is overcome by designing anisotropic polymer networks to produce aligned channels for ion-conducting and hierarchically assembled crystalline nanofibrils for crack blunting. The ionic conductivity of the anisotropic thermocell has a more than 400% increase, and the power density is comparable to the record of state-of-the-art quasi-solid thermocells. Moreover, compared with the existing quasi-solid thermocells with the optimal mechanical performance, this material realizes biomimetic strain-stiffening and shows more than 1100% and 300% increases in toughness and strength, respectively. We believe this work provides a general method for developing high-performance, cost-effective, and durable thermocells and also expands the applicability of thermocells in wearable systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, P. R. China
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge 02138, Massachusetts, United States
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Zhouyue Lei
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge 02138, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Wenwen Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Yongping Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
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3
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Iacob-Tudose ET, Mamaliga I, Iosub AV. TES Nanoemulsions: A Review of Thermophysical Properties and Their Impact on System Design. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11123415. [PMID: 34947766 PMCID: PMC8703648 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thermal energy storage materials (TES) are considered promising for a large number of applications, including solar energy storage, waste heat recovery, and enhanced building thermal performance. Among these, nanoemulsions have received a huge amount of attention. Despite the many reviews published on nanoemulsions, an insufficient number concentrate on the particularities and requirements of the energy field. Therefore, we aim to provide a review of the measurement, theoretical computation and impact of the physical properties of nanoemulsions, with an integrated perspective on the design of thermal energy storage equipment. Properties such as density, which is integral to the calculation of the volume required for storage; viscosity, which is a decisive factor in pressure loss and for transport equipment power requirements; and thermal conductivity, which determines the heating/cooling rate of the system or the specific heat directly influencing the storage capacity, are thoroughly discussed. A comparative, critical approach to all these interconnected properties in pertinent characteristic groups, in close association with the practical use of TES systems, is included. This work aims to highlight unresolved issues from previous investigations as well as to provide a summary of the numerical simulation and/or application of advanced algorithms for the modeling, optimization, and streamlining of TES systems.
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Krings EJ, Zhang H, Sarin S, Shield JE, Ryu S, Markvicka EJ. Lightweight, Thermally Conductive Liquid Metal Elastomer Composite with Independently Controllable Thermal Conductivity and Density. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2104762. [PMID: 34723427 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lightweight and elastically deformable soft materials that are thermally conductive are critical for emerging applications in wearable computing, soft robotics, and thermoregulatory garments. To overcome the fundamental heat transport limitations in soft materials, room temperature liquid metal (LM) has been dispersed in elastomer that results in soft and deformable materials with unprecedented thermal conductivity. However, the high density of LMs (>6 g cm-3 ) and the typically high loading (⩾85 wt%) required to achieve the desired properties contribute to the high density of these elastomer composites, which can be problematic for large-area, weight-sensitive applications. Here, the relationship between the properties of the LM filler and elastomer composite is systematically studied. Experiments reveal that a multiphase LM inclusion with a low-density phase can achieve independent control of the density and thermal conductivity of the elastomer composite. Quantitative design maps of composite density and thermal conductivity are constructed to rationally guide the selection of filler properties and material composition. This new multiphase material architecture provides a method to fine-tune material composition to independently control material and functional properties of soft materials for large-area and weight-sensitive applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan J Krings
- Smart Materials and Robotics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Suchit Sarin
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Jeffery E Shield
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Sangjin Ryu
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Eric J Markvicka
- Smart Materials and Robotics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
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5
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Makarova VV, Gorbacheva SN, Antonov SV, Ilyin SO. On the Possibility of a Radical Increase in Thermal Conductivity by Dispersed Particles. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427220120022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Fan W, Zhong F. Effects of Macroparameters on the Thickness of an Interfacial Nanolayer of Al 2O 3- and TiO 2-Water-Based Nanofluids. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:27972-27977. [PMID: 33163780 PMCID: PMC7643158 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, thicknesses of interfacial nanolayers of alumina-deionized water (DW) and titanium dioxide-deionized water (DW) nanofluids are studied. Thermal conductivities of both nanofluids were measured in a temperature range of 298 to 353 K at particle volume ratios of 0.2 to 1.5% by experiments. A theoretical model considered both the effects of the interfacial nanolayer and Brownian motion is developed for thermal conductivity. A relational expression between nanolayer thickness and bulk temperature and volume fraction of particles of nanofluids is derived from the theoretical model. With the experimental data of thermal conductivity, changes of nanolayer thickness with nanofluids macroscopic properties (bulk temperature and particle volume ratio) are obtained. The present results show that nanolayer thickness increases with fluid temperature almost linearly and decreases with particle volume fraction in a power law. Based on the present results, simple formulas of interfacial nanolayer thickness as a function of fluid temperature and particle volume fraction are proposed for both water-based nanofluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Fan
- State
Key Laboratory of High Temperature Gas Dynamics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School
of Engineering Science, University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fengquan Zhong
- State
Key Laboratory of High Temperature Gas Dynamics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School
of Engineering Science, University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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7
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Thermal conductivity of cryoprotective agents loaded with nanoparticles, with application to recovery of preserved tissues and organs from cryogenic storage. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238941. [PMID: 32941483 PMCID: PMC7498039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to provide thermal conductivity data for CPA-based nanofluids for the benefit of the analyses of cryopreservation by vitrification. Thermal conductivity measurements were conducted using a hot-wire technique on an experimentation platform of the cryomacroscope, to correlate measurements with observed physical effects such as crystallization and fracturing. Tested materials in this study include the CPA cocktails M22, VS55, DP6, and DP6+sucrose. Nanofluids in this study include the above CPA cocktails as base solutions, when mixed with either iron-oxide nanoparticles (IONP) or silica-coated iron-oxide nanoparticles (sIONP). Results of this study demonstrated the addition of sIONP to any of the CPA cocktails tested did not significantly affect its thermal conductivity, its tendency to vitrify or, conversely, its tendency to form rewarming phase crystallization (RPC). Fractures were observed with cryomacroscopy at the onset of rewarming for DP6+sIONP under carefully controlled rewarming conditions without RF activation, despite the inherent opacity of the sIONP solutions. It is likely that using RF heating in order to accelerate rewarming while unifying the temperature distribution would prevent fracture and RPC. However, sIONP were not activated in this study, as the RF heating mechanism would interfere with thermal conductivity measurements. The addition of IONP to DP6 appears to hinder the tendency of the CPA to vitrify, which is a detrimental effect. But it is unlikely that uncoated nanoparticle solutions will be used in practical applications.
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8
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Yu B, Duan J, Cong H, Xie W, Liu R, Zhuang X, Wang H, Qi B, Xu M, Wang ZL, Zhou J. Thermosensitive crystallization-boosted liquid thermocells for low-grade heat harvesting. Science 2020; 370:342-346. [PMID: 32913001 DOI: 10.1126/science.abd6749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Low-grade heat (below 373 kelvin) is abundant and ubiquitous but is mostly wasted because present recovery technologies are not cost-effective. The liquid-state thermocell (LTC), an inexpensive and scalable thermoelectric device, may be commercially viable for harvesting low-grade heat energy if its Carnot-relative efficiency (ηr) reaches ~5%, which is a challenging metric to achieve experimentally. We used a thermosensitive crystallization and dissolution process to induce a persistent concentration gradient of redox ions, a highly enhanced Seebeck coefficient (~3.73 millivolts per kelvin), and suppressed thermal conductivity in LTCs. As a result, we achieved a high ηr of 11.1% for LTCs near room temperature. Our device demonstration offers promise for cost-effective low-grade heat harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Yu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jiangjiang Duan
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hengjiang Cong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds and Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wenke Xie
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xinyan Zhuang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bei Qi
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ming Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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9
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Thermal Conductivity of Polyisoprene and Polybutadiene from Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Transient Measurements. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12051081. [PMID: 32397379 PMCID: PMC7284750 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermal conductivities of untreated polyisoprene and polybutadiene were calculated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using a Green-Kubo approach between -10 °C and 50 °C at atmospheric pressure. For comparison, the thermal conductivities of untreated polyisoprene with a molecular weight of 54,000 g/mol and untreated polybutadiene with a molecular weight of 45,000 g/mol were measured by the transient hot wire method in similar conditions. The simulation results of both polymers are in good agreement with the experimental data. We observed that the MD simulations slightly overestimate the thermal conductivity due to the chosen force field description. Details are discussed in the paper.
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10
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Wingert MC, Zhao AZ, Kodera Y, Obrey SJ, Garay JE. Frequency-domain hot-wire sensor and 3D model for thermal conductivity measurements of reactive and corrosive materials at high temperatures. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:054904. [PMID: 32486705 DOI: 10.1063/1.5138915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High temperature solids and liquids are becoming increasingly important in next-generation energy and manufacturing systems that seek higher efficiencies and lower emissions. Accurate measurements of thermal conductivity at high temperatures are required for the modeling and design of these systems, but commonly employed time-domain measurements can have errors from convection, corrosion, and ambient temperature fluctuations. Here, we describe the development of a frequency-domain hot-wire technique capable of accurately measuring the thermal conductivity of solid and molten compounds from room temperature up to 800 °C. By operating in the frequency-domain, we can lock into the harmonic thermal response of the material and reject the influence of ambient temperature fluctuations, and we can keep the probed volume below 1 µl to minimize convection. The design of the microfabricated hot-wire sensor, electrical systems, and insulating wire coating to protect against corrosion is covered in detail. Furthermore, we discuss the development of a full three-dimensional multilayer thermal model that accounts for both radial conduction into the sample and axial conduction along the wire and the effect of wire coatings. The 3D, multilayer model facilitates the measurement of small sample volumes important for material development. A sensitivity analysis and an error propagation calculation of the frequency-domain thermal model are performed to demonstrate what factors are most important for thermal conductivity measurements. Finally, we show thermal conductivity measurements including model data fitting on gas (argon), solid (sulfur), and molten substances over a range of temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Wingert
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - A Z Zhao
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - Y Kodera
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - S J Obrey
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J E Garay
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA
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11
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Pourrajab R, Noghrehabadi A, Hajidavalloo E, Behbahani M. Investigation of thermal conductivity of a new hybrid nanofluids based on mesoporous silica modified with copper nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization and experimental study. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Towards the Correct Measurement of Thermal Conductivity of Ionic Melts and Nanofluids. ENERGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/en13010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thermophysical properties of engineering fluids have proven in the past to be essential for the design of physical and chemical processing and reaction equipment in the chemical, metallurgical, and allied industries, as they influence directly the design parameters and performance of plant units in the of, for example, heat exchangers, distillation columns, phase separation, and reactors. In the energy field, the search for the optimization of existing and alternative fuels, either using neutral or ionic fluids, is an actual research and application topic, both for new applications and the sustainable development of old technologies. One of the most important drawbacks in the industrial use of thermophysical property data is the common discrepancies in available data, measured with different methods, different samples, and questionable quality assessment. Measuring accurately the thermal conductivity of fluids has been a very successful task since the late 1970s due to the efforts of several schools in Europe, Japan, and the United States. However, the application of the most accurate techniques to several systems with technological importance, like ionic liquids, nanofluids, and molten salts, has not been made in the last ten years in a correct fashion, generating highly inaccurate data, which do not reflect the real physical situation. It is the purpose of this paper to review critically the best available techniques for the measurement of thermal conductivity of fluids, with special emphasis on transient methods and their application to ionic liquids, nanofluids, and molten salts.
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13
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Hong SH, Jo HJ, Choi MJ, Jang HW, Kim YJ, Hwang WR, Kim SY. Influence of MoS₂ Nanosheet Size on Performance of Drilling Mud. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11020321. [PMID: 30960305 PMCID: PMC6419213 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Water-based drilling mud (WBM) is a non-Newtonian fluid that has a variety of applications such as in transporting cuttings during drilling, protecting the borehole, and cooling the drill bit. With the development of nano-technology, various nanoparticles have been synthesized and have been added to WBM to improve its performance. Shear thinning is the most important factor in drilling mud and this attribute can be improved when two-dimensional particles are added. MoS2 nanoparticles, which represent a typical two-dimensional material, are easy to synthesize in large quantities and have a high thermal conductivity and low coefficient of friction. Since the two-dimensional structure, thermal conductivity, and low coefficient of friction of MoS2 would improve the performance of WBM, we experimented with MoS2 nanosheets as an additive, under optimal conditions, using various samples each with uniform sizes and thicknesses of nanosheets. A large amount of MoS2 nanosheets was synthesized, sorted by thickness and diameter, and added to drilling mud. The diameter of MoS2 was divided into a small diameter group (about 100–400 nm) and a big diameter group (about 300–650 nm), and the thickness was divided into 1–2 nm and 5–10 nm groups. Experimental results showed that when MoS2 is added to WBM, shear thinning occurs more strongly. In addition, the addition of MoS2 with a thickness of 1–2 nm and a diameter of 300–650 nm resulted in the highest increase in viscosity and thermal conductivity of WBM. As a result, we experimentally confirmed that MoS2 can be used as an additive to increase the thermal conductivity and viscosity of WBM and to make shear thinning phenomenon more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hyun Hong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Hae Jin Jo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Research Center for Aircraft Parts Technology (ReCAPT), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Min-Ju Choi
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Ho Won Jang
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Young Ju Kim
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, 905 Yeongilman-daero, Heunghae-eup, Buk-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37559, Korea.
| | - Wook Ryol Hwang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Research Center for Aircraft Parts Technology (ReCAPT), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Soo Young Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea.
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14
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Sezer N, Atieh MA, Koç M. A comprehensive review on synthesis, stability, thermophysical properties, and characterization of nanofluids. POWDER TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Abbasov HF. Determination of nanolayer thickness and effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2018.1475241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hakim F. Abbasov
- Oil Gas Scientific Research Project Institute , SOCAR , Baku , Azerbaijan
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16
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Gangadevi R, Vinayagam B, Senthilraja S. Effects of sonication time and temperature on thermal conductivity of CuO/water and Al 2 O 3 /water nanofluids with and without surfactant. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2017.12.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Zhao QG, Hu CX, Liu SJ, Guo H, Wu YT. The thermal conductivity of molten NaNO3, KNO3, and their mixtures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2017.12.761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Pandiaraj P, Gnanavelbabu A, Saravanan P. Experimental and Statistical Analysis of MgO Nanofluids for Thermal Enhancement in a Novel Flat Plate Heat Pipes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219581x17600183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Metallic fluids like CuO, Al2O3, ZnO, SiO2 and TiO2 nanofluids were widely used for the development of working fluids in flat plate heat pipes except magnesium oxide (MgO). So, we initiate our idea to use MgO nanofluids in flat plate heat pipe as a working fluid material. MgO nanopowders were synthesized by wet chemical method. Solid state characterizations of synthesized nanopowders were carried out by Ultraviolet Spectroscopy (UV), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques. Synthesized nanopowders were prepared as nanofluids by adding water and as well as water/ethylene glycol as a binary mixture. Thermal conductivity measurements of prepared nanofluids were studied using transient hot-wire apparatus. Response surface methodology based on the Box–Behnken design was implemented to investigate the influence of temperature (30–60[Formula: see text]C), particle fraction (1.5–4.5 vol.%), and solution pH (4–12) of nanofluids as the independent variables. A total of 17 experiments were accomplished for the construction of second-order polynomial equations for target output. All the influential factors, their mutual effects and their quadratic terms were statistically validated by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The optimum stability and thermal conductivity of MgO nanofluids with various temperature, volume fraction and solution pH were predicted and compared with experimental results. The results revealed that increase in particle fraction and pH of MgO nanofluids at certain points would increase thermal conductivity and become stable at nominal temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Pandiaraj
- DoME, Anna University, CEG Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A. Gnanavelbabu
- DoIE, Anna University, CEG Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P. Saravanan
- DoIE, Anna University, CEG Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Li Y, Zhao G, Hossain SMC, Panhwar F, Sun W, Kong F, Zang C, Jiang Z. Measurement of Thermal Conductivities of Two Cryoprotective Agent Solutions for Vitreous Cryopreservation of Organs at the Temperature Range of 77 K-300 K Using a Thermal Sensor Made of Microscale Enamel Copper Wire. Biopreserv Biobank 2017; 15:228-233. [PMID: 28051325 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2016.0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biobanking of organs by cryopreservation is an enabling technology for organ transplantation. Compared with the conventional slow freezing method, vitreous cryopreservation has been regarded to be a more promising approach for long-term storage of organs. The major challenges to vitrification are devitrification and recrystallization during the warming process, and high concentrations of cryoprotective agents (CPAs) induced metabolic and osmotic injuries. For a theoretical model based optimization of vitrification, thermal properties of CPA solutions are indispensable. In this study, the thermal conductivities of M22 and vitrification solution containing ethylene glycol and dimethyl sulfoxide (two commonly used vitrification solutions) were measured using a self-made microscaled hot probe with enameled copper wire at the temperature range of 77 K-300 K. The data obtained by this study will further enrich knowledge of the thermal properties for CPA solutions at low temperatures, as is of primary importance for optimization of vitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Li
- 1 Department of Electronic Science & Technology, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- 1 Department of Electronic Science & Technology, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, China .,2 Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biopreservation and Artificial Organs , Hefei, China
| | - S M Chapal Hossain
- 1 Department of Electronic Science & Technology, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, China
| | - Fazil Panhwar
- 1 Department of Electronic Science & Technology, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, China
| | - Wenyu Sun
- 3 Yinfeng Cryomedicine Technology Co., Ltd. , Jinan, China
| | - Fei Kong
- 3 Yinfeng Cryomedicine Technology Co., Ltd. , Jinan, China
| | - Chuanbao Zang
- 3 Yinfeng Cryomedicine Technology Co., Ltd. , Jinan, China
| | - Zhendong Jiang
- 1 Department of Electronic Science & Technology, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, China
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Lu G, Wang XD, Duan YY. A Critical Review of Dynamic Wetting by Complex Fluids: From Newtonian Fluids to Non-Newtonian Fluids and Nanofluids. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 236:43-62. [PMID: 27521099 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic wetting is an important interfacial phenomenon in many industrial applications. There have been many excellent reviews of dynamic wetting, especially on super-hydrophobic surfaces with physical or chemical coatings, porous layers, hybrid micro/nano structures and biomimetic structures. This review summarizes recent research on dynamic wetting from the viewpoint of the fluids rather than the solid surfaces. The reviewed fluids range from simple Newtonian fluids to non-Newtonian fluids and complex nanofluids. The fundamental physical concepts and principles involved in dynamic wetting phenomena are also reviewed. This review focus on recent investigations of dynamic wetting by non-Newtonian fluids, including the latest experimental studies with a thorough review of the best dynamic wetting models for non-Newtonian fluids, to illustrate their successes and limitations. This paper also reports on new results on the still fledgling field of nanofluid wetting kinetics. The challenges of research on nanofluid dynamic wetting is not only due to the lack of nanoscale experimental techniques to probe the complex nanoparticle random motion, but also the lack of multiscale experimental techniques or theories to describe the effects of nanoparticle motion at the nanometer scale (10(-9) m) on the dynamic wetting taking place at the macroscopic scale (10(-3) m). This paper describes the various types of nanofluid dynamic wetting behaviors. Two nanoparticle dissipation modes, the bulk dissipation mode and the local dissipation mode, are proposed to resolve the uncertainties related to the various types of dynamic wetting mechanisms reported in the literature.
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21
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Yang P, Liu K, Chen Q, Mo X, Zhou Y, Li S, Feng G, Zhou J. Wearable Thermocells Based on Gel Electrolytes for the Utilization of Body Heat. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201606314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peihua Yang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
| | - Kang Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
| | - Qian Chen
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
| | - Xiaobao Mo
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
| | - Yishu Zhou
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
| | - Song Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion; School of Energy and Power Engineering; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
| | - Guang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion; School of Energy and Power Engineering; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
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Yang P, Liu K, Chen Q, Mo X, Zhou Y, Li S, Feng G, Zhou J. Wearable Thermocells Based on Gel Electrolytes for the Utilization of Body Heat. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:12050-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201606314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peihua Yang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
| | - Kang Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
| | - Qian Chen
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
| | - Xiaobao Mo
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
| | - Yishu Zhou
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
| | - Song Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion; School of Energy and Power Engineering; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
| | - Guang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion; School of Energy and Power Engineering; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
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Liang XM, Sekar PK, Zhao G, Zhou X, Shu Z, Huang Z, Ding W, Zhang Q, Gao D. High accuracy thermal conductivity measurement of aqueous cryoprotective agents and semi-rigid biological tissues using a microfabricated thermal sensor. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10377. [PMID: 25993037 PMCID: PMC4438607 DOI: 10.1038/srep10377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
An improved thermal-needle approach for accurate and fast measurement of thermal conductivity of aqueous and soft biomaterials was developed using microfabricated thermal conductivity sensors. This microscopic measuring device was comprehensively characterized at temperatures from 0 °C to 40 °C. Despite the previous belief, system calibration constant was observed to be highly temperature-dependent. Dynamic thermal conductivity response during cooling (40 °C to -40 °C) was observed using the miniaturized single tip sensor for various concentrations of CPAs, i.e., glycerol, ethylene glycol and dimethyl sulfoxide. Chicken breast, chicken skin, porcine limb, and bovine liver were assayed to investigate the effect of anatomical heterogeneity on thermal conductivity using the arrayed multi-tip sensor at 20 °C. Experimental results revealed distinctive differences in localized thermal conductivity, which suggests the use of approximated or constant property values is expected to bring about results with largely inflated uncertainties when investigating bio-heat transfer mechanisms and/or performing sophisticated thermal modeling with complex biological tissues. Overall, the presented micro thermal sensor with automated data analysis algorithm is a promising approach for direct thermal conductivity measurement of aqueous solutions and soft biomaterials and is of great value to cryopreservation of tissues, hyperthermia or cryogenic, and other thermal-based clinical diagnostics and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin M Liang
- 1] Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China [2] USTC Center for Micro- and Nanoscale Research and Fabrication, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China [3] Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA [4] CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Praveen K Sekar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Gang Zhao
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- School of Mechanical, Electronic, and Industrial Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China
| | - Zhiquan Shu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Zhongping Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013, USA
| | - Weiping Ding
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Qingchuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Dayong Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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24
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25
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Park SS, Kim NJ. Influence of the oxidation treatment and the average particle diameter of graphene for thermal conductivity enhancement. J IND ENG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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26
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Abstract
Enhanced thermal conductivity of nanofluids compared to that of the base fluid has received attention of many researchers in the last one decade. Experimental data on thermal conductivity of nanofluids using varied nanoparticles in the size range 10-100 nm have been reported. However, there is lot of variance in the data and needs critical analysis. Many models have been proposed by various research groups for predicting the thermal conductivity of nanofluids. Due to complexity of various parameters involved (size, % volume fraction, specific surface area and the type of nano particles, pH of nano fluid, thermal conductivity and viscosity of base fluid) no single model can be used for predicting the thermal conductivity of nanofluids. Inconsistent and conflicting results are reported on the enhanced thermal conductivity of nanofluids. Further, insufficient understanding and inconclusive mechanism behind enhanced thermal conductivity requires further attempt to work in this field. This article critically reviews the available literature on thermal conductivity of nanofluids.
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27
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Lee SH, Jang SP. Note: effect of the tilting angle of the wire on the onset of natural convection in the transient hot wire method. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2012; 83:076103. [PMID: 22852738 DOI: 10.1063/1.4731727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, numerical and experimental investigations are systematically performed to identify the effect of the tilting angle of the wire on the onset of natural convection in the transient hot wire method (THWM), a widely accepted technique for measuring the thermal conductivity of various media, especially nanofluids. To validate our numerical simulation code, the numerical results are compared with theoretical solutions as well as with experimental results. Based on the results, we show that the onset time of natural convection in THWM decreases rapidly with the increase of the wire's tilting angle from vertical position. Also, we systematically show the effect of the wire's tilting angle on the linear region, which is a suitable measurement interval, and on the measurement error of THWM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyun Lee
- School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 412-791, Korea
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28
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Zheng R, Gao J, Wang J, Feng SP, Ohtani H, Wang J, Chen G. Thermal percolation in stable graphite suspensions. NANO LETTERS 2012; 12:188-192. [PMID: 22145977 DOI: 10.1021/nl203276y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Different from the electrical conductivity of conductive composites, the thermal conductivity usually does not have distinctive percolation characteristics. Here we report that graphite suspensions show distinct behavior in the thermal conductivity at the electrical percolation threshold, including a sharp kink at the percolation threshold, below which thermal conductivity increases rapidly while above which the rate of increase is smaller, contrary to the electrical percolation behavior. Based on microstructural and alternating current impedance spectroscopy studies, we interpret this behavior as a result of the change of interaction forces between graphite flakes when isolated clusters of graphite flakes form percolated structures. Our results shed light on the thermal conductivity enhancement mechanisms in nanofluids and have potential applications in energy systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiting Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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29
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Zheng R, Gao J, Wang J, Chen G. Reversible temperature regulation of electrical and thermal conductivity using liquid-solid phase transitions. Nat Commun 2011; 2:289. [PMID: 21505445 PMCID: PMC3104514 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible temperature tuning of electrical and thermal conductivities of materials is of interest for many applications, including seasonal regulation of building temperature, thermal storage and sensors. Here we introduce a general strategy to achieve large contrasts in electrical and thermal conductivities using first-order phase transitions in percolated composite materials. Internal stress generated during a phase transition modulates the electrical and thermal contact resistances, leading to large contrasts in the electrical and thermal conductivities at the phase transition temperature. With graphite/hexadecane suspensions, the electrical conductivity changes 2 orders of magnitude and the thermal conductivity varies up to 3.2 times near 18 °C. The generality of the approach is also demonstrated in other materials such as graphite/water and carbon nanotube/hexadecane suspensions. Temperature-controlled regulation of thermal conductivity is difficult to achieve because thermal properties do not change significantly through solid-state phase transitions. Here temperature control of thermal conductivities is demonstrated using liquid–solid phase transitions in a nanoparticle suspension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiting Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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30
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Liang XM, Ding W, Chen HH, Shu Z, Zhao G, Zhang HF, Gao D. Microfabricated thermal conductivity sensor: a high resolution tool for quantitative thermal property measurement of biomaterials and solutions. Biomed Microdevices 2011; 13:923-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-011-9561-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Bonetti M, Nakamae S, Roger M. A simply designed cell for thermal conductivity measurements of low vapor-pressure liquids. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2011; 82:064906. [PMID: 21721723 DOI: 10.1063/1.3602329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We have built a simply designed cell for the measurement of the thermal conductivity of liquids under steady state conditions from room temperature to about 60 °C. Thermal conductivities measured in the range between 0.2 and 0.7 Wm(-1) K(-1) show deviations of a few percent from reference thermal-conductivity data. The cell is made of two concentric parallel plates separated by a 0.44 mm thick sample. It is easily assembled and loaded with the sample for a quick and routine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bonetti
- Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé, CEA-IRAMIS-SPEC (CNRS-MPPU-URA 2464) CEA-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
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33
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Pastoriza-Gallego MJ, Lugo L, Legido JL, Piñeiro MM. Thermal conductivity and viscosity measurements of ethylene glycol-based Al2O3 nanofluids. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2011; 6:221. [PMID: 21711737 PMCID: PMC3211279 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-6-221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The dispersion and stability of nanofluids obtained by dispersing Al2O3 nanoparticles in ethylene glycol have been analyzed at several concentrations up to 25% in mass fraction. The thermal conductivity and viscosity were experimentally determined at temperatures ranging from 283.15 K to 323.15 K using an apparatus based on the hot-wire method and a rotational viscometer, respectively. It has been found that both thermal conductivity and viscosity increase with the concentration of nanoparticles, whereas when the temperature increases the viscosity diminishes and the thermal conductivity rises. Measured enhancements on thermal conductivity (up to 19%) compare well with literature values when available. New viscosity experimental data yield values more than twice larger than the base fluid. The influence of particle size on viscosity has been also studied, finding large differences that must be taken into account for any practical application. These experimental results were compared with some theoretical models, as those of Maxwell-Hamilton and Crosser for thermal conductivity and Krieger and Dougherty for viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Pastoriza-Gallego
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Universitario s/n, E-36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Luis Lugo
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Universitario s/n, E-36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - José Luis Legido
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Universitario s/n, E-36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Manuel M Piñeiro
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Universitario s/n, E-36310, Vigo, Spain
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Sharma P, Baek IH, Cho T, Park S, Lee KB. Enhancement of thermal conductivity of ethylene glycol based silver nanofluids. POWDER TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2010.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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35
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36
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Nagasaka Y, Okada H, Suzuki J, Nagashima A. Absolute Measurements of the Thermal Conductivity of Aqueous NaCl Solutions at Pressures up to 40 MPa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19830871006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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37
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Gao JW, Zheng RT, Ohtani H, Zhu DS, Chen G. Experimental investigation of heat conduction mechanisms in nanofluids. Clue on clustering. NANO LETTERS 2009; 9:4128-32. [PMID: 19995084 DOI: 10.1021/nl902358m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Heat conduction mechanisms in nanofluids, fluids seeded with nanoparticles, have been extensively scrutinized in the past decades to explain some experimental observations of their enhanced thermal conductivity beyond the effective medium theory. Although many mechanisms such as Brownian motion, clustering, ballistic transport, and internanoparticle potential are speculated, experimental proof of any of the mechanisms has been difficult. Here, we investigate the mechanisms experimentally by thermal conductivity measurements and structural analysis for the same materials in both liquid and solid states. These studies strongly suggest that clustering holds the key to the thermal conductivity enhancement of nanofluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Gao
- Key Laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, People's Republic of China
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38
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Chen H, Ding Y. Heat Transfer and Rheological Behaviour of Nanofluids – A Review. ADVANCES IN TRANSPORT PHENOMENA 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-02690-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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39
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Wang XQ, Mujumdar AS. A review on nanofluids - part II: experiments and applications. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-66322008000400002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Singh AK, Raykar VS. Microwave synthesis of silver nanofluids with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and their transport properties. Colloid Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-008-1932-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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41
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Abstract
Recent studies have showed that nanofluids have significantly greater thermal conductivity compared to their base fluids. Large surface area to volume ratio and certain effects of Brownian motion of nanoparticles are believed to be the main factors for the significant increase in the thermal conductivity of nanofluids. In this paper all three transport properties, namely thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity and viscosity, were studied for alumina nanofluid (aluminum oxide nanoparticles in water). Experiments were performed both as a function of volumetric concentration (3-8%) and temperature (2-50 °C). Alumina nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 36 nm were dispersed in water. The effect of particle size was not studied. The transient hot wire method as described by Nagaska and Nagashima for electrically conducting fluids was used to test the thermal conductivity. In this work, an insulated platinum wire of 0.003 inch diameter was used. Initial calibration was performed using de-ionized water and the resulting data was within 2.5% of standard thermal conductivity values for water. The thermal conductivity of alumina nanofluid increased with both increase in temperature and concentration. A maximum thermal conductivity of 0.7351 W m(-1) K(-1) was recorded for an 8.47% volume concentration of alumina nanoparticles at 46.6 °C. The effective thermal conductivity at this concentration and temperature was observed to be 1.1501, which translates to an increase in thermal conductivity by 22% when compared to water at room temperature. Alumina being a good conductor of electricity, alumina nanofluid displays an increasing trend in electrical conductivity as volumetric concentration increases. A microprocessor-based conductivity/TDS meter was used to perform the electrical conductivity experiments. After carefully calibrating the conductivity meter's glass probe with platinum tip, using a standard potassium chloride solution, readings were taken at various volumetric concentrations. A 3457.1% increase in the electrical conductivity was measured for a small 1.44% volumetric concentration of alumina nanoparticles in water. The highest value of electrical conductivity, 314 µS cm(-1), was recorded for a volumetric concentration of 8.47%. In the determination of the kinematic viscosity of alumina nanofluid, a standard kinematic viscometer with constant temperature bath was used. Calibrated capillary viscometers were used to measure flow under gravity at precisely controlled temperatures. The capillary viscometers were calibrated with de-ionized water at different temperatures, and the resulting kinematic viscosity values were found to be within 3% of the standard published values. An increase of 35.5% in the kinematic viscosity was observed for an 8.47% volumetric concentration of alumina nanoparticles in water. The maximum kinematic viscosity of alumina nanofluid, 2.901 42 mm(2) s(-1), was obtained at 0 °C for an 8.47% volumetric concentration of alumina nanoparticles. The experimental results of the present work will help researchers arrive at better theoretical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kau-Fui Vincent Wong
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA
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42
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Schmidt A, Chiesa M, Chen X, Chen G. An optical pump-probe technique for measuring the thermal conductivity of liquids. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2008; 79:064902. [PMID: 18601430 DOI: 10.1063/1.2937458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We present a pump-probe optical technique for measuring the thermal conductivity of liquids. The technique uses a reflective geometry which does not depend on the optical properties of the liquid and requires as little as a single droplet to produce a result. An analytical solution is given for bidirectional heat flow in layered media, including the effects of radial heat flow from coaxial Gaussian laser spots, thermal interface resistances, and the accumulation of multiple laser pulses. In addition, several experimental improvements over previous pump-probe configurations are described, resulting in an improved signal to noise ratio and smaller errors at long stage delay times. The technique is applied to a range of liquids and solids. Results are in good agreement with literature values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Schmidt
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachussets Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Lee KJ, Yoon SH, Jang J. Carbon nanofibers: a novel nanofiller for nanofluid applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2007; 3:1209-13. [PMID: 17492733 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200700066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Jin Lee
- Hyperstructured Organic Materials Research Center and School of Chemical Engineering, Seoul National University, Shinlimdong 56-1, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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44
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Hong J, Kim SH, Kim D. Effect of laser irradiation on thermal conductivity of ZnO nanofluids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/59/1/063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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45
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Lee D, Kim JW, Kim BG. A New Parameter to Control Heat Transport in Nanofluids: Surface Charge State of the Particle in Suspension. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:4323-8. [PMID: 16509730 DOI: 10.1021/jp057225m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although various conjectures have been proposed to explain the abnormal increase in thermal conductivity of nanofluids, the detailed mechanism has not been fully understood and explained. The main reason is due to the lack of knowledge of the most fundamental factor governing the mechanisms such as Brownian motion, liquid layering, phonon transport, surface chemical effects, and agglomeration. Applying a surface complexation model for the measurement data of hydrodynamic size, zeta potential, and thermal conductivity, we have shown that surface charge states are mainly responsible for the increase in the present condition and may be the factor incorporating all the mechanisms as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donggeun Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea.
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46
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Peterson G, Li C. Heat and Mass Transfer in Fluids with Nanoparticle Suspensions. ADVANCES IN HEAT TRANSFER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2717(06)39003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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47
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Jwo CS, Teng TP, Hung CJ, Guo YT. Research and development of measurement device for thermal conductivity of nanofluids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/13/1/013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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48
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Zhu HT, Lin YS, Yin YS. A novel one-step chemical method for preparation of copper nanofluids. J Colloid Interface Sci 2004; 277:100-3. [PMID: 15276044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2004.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2003] [Accepted: 04/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a novel one-step method for preparing of copper nanofluids by reducing CuSO(4).5H(2)O with NaH(2)PO(2).H(2)O in ethylene glycol under microwave irradiation. Nonagglomerated and stably suspended Cu nanofluids are obtained. The influences of CuSO(4) concentration, addition of NaH(2)PO(2), and microwave irradiation on the reaction rate and the properties of Cu nanofluids were investigated by transmission electron microscopy, infrared analysis, and sedimentation measurements. It is found to be a fast, efficient one-step chemical method to prepare Cu nanofluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-tao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Ceramics, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang A, Cheng S, He L, Luo D, Gao D. Determination of Thermal Conductivity of Cryoprotectant Solutions and Cell Suspensions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1089/153834404774101990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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50
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