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Boamfa A, Coverstone C, Abdalsalam O, de Almeida Barreto AF, Wei A, de Wolf JR, Schoustra SM, O'Sullivan TD, Bosschaart N. Diffuse optical spectroscopy of lactating and non-lactating human mammary physiology. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:5429-5441. [PMID: 39296405 PMCID: PMC11407238 DOI: 10.1364/boe.527944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
Breastfeeding provides widely recognized advantages for infant and maternal health. Unfortunately, many women experience trouble with breastfeeding. Nevertheless, few suitable imaging modalities are available to study human lactation and determine the possible causes of breastfeeding problems. In this study, we apply broadband, quantitative diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) for this purpose. We present a study of fourteen lactating and eight similarly aged, premenopausal, non-lactating women to investigate the feasibility of DOS to study the optical and physiological differences between 1) lactating and non-lactating breasts, 2) the areolar and non-areolar region within the breast, and 3) lactating breasts before and after milk extraction. Our study shows that i) the median total hemoglobin concentration [tHb] of the lactating breast is 51% higher than for the non-lactating breast. ii) the median [tHb] of the lactating breast is 37% higher in the areolar region compared to the non-areolar region. iii) lactating breasts exhibit a positive median difference of 8% in [tHb] after milk extraction. Our findings are consistent with the expected physiological changes that occur during the lactation period. Importantly, we show that DOS provides unique insight into breast tissue composition and physiology, serving as a foundation for future application of the technique in lactation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Boamfa
- University of Twente, TechMed Centre, Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Caitlin Coverstone
- University of Notre Dame, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, 275 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Ola Abdalsalam
- University of Notre Dame, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, 275 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | | | - Alicia Wei
- University of Notre Dame, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, 275 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Johanna Rebecca de Wolf
- University of Twente, TechMed Centre, Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoukje M Schoustra
- University of Twente, TechMed Centre, Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas D O'Sullivan
- University of Notre Dame, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, 275 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Nienke Bosschaart
- University of Twente, TechMed Centre, Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, The Netherlands
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Insights into Biochemical Sources and Diffuse Reflectance Spectral Features for Colorectal Cancer Detection and Localization. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225715. [PMID: 36428806 PMCID: PMC9688116 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common and second most deadly type of cancer worldwide. Early detection not only reduces mortality but also improves patient prognosis by allowing the use of minimally invasive techniques to remove cancer while avoiding major surgery. Expanding the use of microsurgical techniques requires accurate diagnosis and delineation of the tumor margins in order to allow complete excision of cancer. We have used diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) to identify the main optical CRC biomarkers and to optimize parameters for the integration of such technologies into medical devices. A total number of 2889 diffuse reflectance spectra were collected in ex vivo specimens from 47 patients. Short source-detector distance (SDD) and long-SDD fiber-optic probes were employed to measure tissue layers from 0.5 to 1 mm and from 0.5 to 1.9 mm deep, respectively. The most important biomolecules contributing to differentiating DRS between tissue types were oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin (Hb and HbO2), followed by water and lipid. Accurate tissue classification and potential DRS device miniaturization using Hb, HbO2, lipid and water data were achieved particularly well within the wavelength ranges 350-590 nm and 600-1230 nm for the short-SDD probe, and 380-400 nm, 420-610 nm, and 650-950 nm for the long-SDD probe.
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Ximendes E, Benayas A, Jaque D, Marin R. Quo Vadis, Nanoparticle-Enabled In Vivo Fluorescence Imaging? ACS NANO 2021; 15:1917-1941. [PMID: 33465306 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The exciting advancements that we are currently witnessing in terms of novel materials and synthesis approaches are leading to the development of colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) with increasingly greater tunable properties. We have now reached a point where it is possible to synthesize colloidal NPs with functionalities tailored to specific societal demands. The impact of this new wave of colloidal NPs has been especially important in the field of biomedicine. In that vein, luminescent NPs with improved brightness and near-infrared working capabilities have turned out to be optimal optical probes that are capable of fast and high-resolution in vivo imaging. However, luminescent NPs have thus far only reached a limited portion of their potential. Although we believe that the best is yet to come, the future might not be as bright as some of us think (and have hoped!). In particular, translation of NP-based fluorescence imaging from preclinical studies to clinics is not straightforward. In this Perspective, we provide a critical assessment and highlight promising research avenues based on the latest advances in the fields of luminescent NPs and imaging technologies. The disillusioned outlook we proffer herein might sound pessimistic at first, but we consider it necessary to avoid pursuing "pipe dreams" and redirect the efforts toward achievable-yet ambitious-goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erving Ximendes
- Fluorescence Imaging Group, Departamento de Fısica de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Nanobiology Group, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Ctra. Colmenar km. 9.100, Madrid 28034, Spain
| | - Antonio Benayas
- Fluorescence Imaging Group, Departamento de Fısica de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Nanobiology Group, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Ctra. Colmenar km. 9.100, Madrid 28034, Spain
| | - Daniel Jaque
- Fluorescence Imaging Group, Departamento de Fısica de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Nanobiology Group, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Ctra. Colmenar km. 9.100, Madrid 28034, Spain
| | - Riccardo Marin
- Fluorescence Imaging Group, Departamento de Fısica de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Madrid 28049, Spain
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Broadband Time Domain Diffuse Optical Reflectance Spectroscopy: A Review of Systems, Methods, and Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9245465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This review presents recent developments and a wide overview of broadband time domain diffuse optical spectroscopy (TD-DOS). Various topics including physics of photon migration, advanced instrumentation, methods of analysis, applications covering multiple domains (tissue chromophore, in vivo studies, food, wood, pharmaceutical industry) are elaborated. The key role of standardization and recent studies in that direction are discussed. Towards the end, a brief outlook is presented on the current status and future trends in broadband TD-DOS.
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Yu C, Mitchell JK. Non-randomness of the anatomical distribution of tumors. CANCER CONVERGENCE 2017; 1:4. [PMID: 29623957 PMCID: PMC5876694 DOI: 10.1186/s41236-017-0006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Why does a tumor start where it does within an organ? Location is traditionally viewed as a random event, yet the statistics of the location of tumors argues against this being a random occurrence. There are numerous examples including that of breast cancer. More than half of invasive breast cancer tumors start in the upper outer quadrant of the breast near the armpit, even though it is estimated that only 35 to 40% of breast tissue is in this quadrant. This suggests that there is an unknown microenvironmental factor that significantly increases the risk of cancer in a spatial manner and that is not solely due to genes or toxins. We hypothesize that tumors are more prone to form in healthy tissue at microvascular ‘hot spots’ where there is a high local concentration of microvessels providing an increased blood flow that ensures an ample supply of oxygen, nutrients, and receptors for growth factors that promote the generation of new blood vessels. Results To show the plausibility of our hypothesis, we calculated the fractional probability that there is at least one microvascular hot spot in each region of the breast assuming a Poisson distribution of microvessels in two-dimensional cross sections of breast tissue. We modulated the microvessel density in various regions of the breast according to the total hemoglobin concentration measured by near infrared diffuse optical spectroscopy in different regions of the breast. Defining a hot spot to be a circle of radius 200 μm with at least 5 microvessels, and using a previously measured mean microvessel density of 1 microvessel/mm2, we find good agreement of the fractional probability of at least one hot spot in different regions of the breast with the observed invasive tumor occurrence. However, there is no reason to believe that the microvascular distribution obeys a Poisson distribution. Conclusions The spatial location of a tumor in an organ is not entirely random, indicating an unknown risk factor. Much work needs to be done to understand why a tumor occurs where it does. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s41236-017-0006-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Yu
- 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4575 USA
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Walther A, Rippe L, Wang LV, Andersson-Engels S, Kröll S. Analysis of the potential for non-invasive imaging of oxygenation at heart depth, using ultrasound optical tomography (UOT) or photo-acoustic tomography (PAT). BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:4523-4536. [PMID: 29082082 PMCID: PMC5654797 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.004523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Despite the important medical implications, it is currently an open task to find optical non-invasive techniques that can image deep organs in humans. Addressing this, photo-acoustic tomography (PAT) has received a great deal of attention in the past decade, owing to favorable properties like high contrast and high spatial resolution. However, even with optimal components PAT cannot penetrate beyond a few centimeters, which still presents an important limitation of the technique. Here, we calculate the absorption contrast levels for PAT and for ultrasound optical tomography (UOT) and compare them to their relevant noise sources as a function of imaging depth. The results indicate that a new development in optical filters, based on rare-earth-ion crystals, can push the UOT technique significantly ahead of PAT. Such filters allow the contrast-to-noise ratio for UOT to be up to three orders of magnitude better than for PAT at depths of a few cm into the tissue. It also translates into a significant increase of the image depth of UOT compared to PAT, enabling deep organs to be imaged in humans in real time. Furthermore, such spectral holeburning filters are not sensitive to speckle decorrelation from the tissue and can operate at nearly any angle of incident light, allowing good light collection. We theoretically demonstrate the improved performance in the medically important case of non-invasive optical imaging of the oxygenation level of the frontal part of the human myocardial tissue. Our results indicate that further studies on UOT are of interest and that the technique may have large impact on future directions of biomedical optics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lars Rippe
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 221 00 Lund,
Sweden
| | - Lihong V. Wang
- California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd., MC 138-78, Pasadena CA 91125,
USA
| | - Stefan Andersson-Engels
- Tyndall National Institute, Lee Maltings, Dyke Parade, Cork, T12 R5CP,
Ireland
- Department of Physics, University College Cork, Cork,
Ireland
| | - Stefan Kröll
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 221 00 Lund,
Sweden
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Baruch D, Abookasis D. Multimodal optical setup based on spectrometer and cameras combination for biological tissue characterization with spatially modulated illumination. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:46007. [PMID: 28425559 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.4.046007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The application of optical techniques as tools for biomedical research has generated substantial interest for the ability of such methodologies to simultaneously measure biochemical and morphological parameters of tissue. Ongoing optimization of optical techniques may introduce such tools as alternative or complementary to conventional methodologies. The common approach shared by current optical techniques lies in the independent acquisition of tissue’s optical properties (i.e., absorption and reduced scattering coefficients) from reflected or transmitted light. Such optical parameters, in turn, provide detailed information regarding both the concentrations of clinically relevant chromophores and macroscopic structural variations in tissue. We couple a noncontact optical setup with a simple analysis algorithm to obtain absorption and scattering coefficients of biological samples under test. Technically, a portable picoprojector projects serial sinusoidal patterns at low and high spatial frequencies, while a spectrometer and two independent CCD cameras simultaneously acquire the reflected diffuse light through a single spectrometer and two separate CCD cameras having different bandpass filters at nonisosbestic and isosbestic wavelengths in front of each. This configuration fills the gaps in each other’s capabilities for acquiring optical properties of tissue at high spectral and spatial resolution. Experiments were performed on both tissue-mimicking phantoms as well as hands of healthy human volunteers to quantify their optical properties as proof of concept for the present technique. In a separate experiment, we derived the optical properties of the hand skin from the measured diffuse reflectance, based on a recently developed camera model. Additionally, oxygen saturation levels of tissue measured by the system were found to agree well with reference values. Taken together, the present results demonstrate the potential of this integrated setup for diagnostic and research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Baruch
- Ariel University, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ariel, IsraelbAriel University, Department of Physics, Ariel, Israel
| | - David Abookasis
- Ariel University, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ariel, Israel
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8
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Zhou F, Mostafa A, Zhu Q. Improving breast cancer diagnosis by reducing chest wall effect in diffuse optical tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:36004. [PMID: 28253381 PMCID: PMC5333769 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.3.036004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We have developed the ultrasound (US)-guided diffuse optical tomography technique to assist US diagnosis of breast cancer and to predict neoadjuvant chemotherapy response of patients with breast cancer. The technique was implemented using a hand-held hybrid probe consisting of a coregistered US transducer and optical source and detector fibers which couple the light illumination from laser diodes and photon detection to the photomultiplier tube detectors. With the US guidance, diffused light measurements were made at the breast lesion site and the normal contralateral reference site which was used to estimate the background tissue optical properties for imaging reconstruction. However, background optical properties were affected by the chest wall underneath the breast tissue. We have analyzed data from 297 female patients, and results have shown statistically significant correlation between the fitted optical properties ( ? a and ? s ? ) and the chest wall depth. After subtracting the background ? a at each wavelength, the difference of computed total hemoglobin (tHb) between malignant and benign lesion groups has improved. For early stage malignant lesions, the area-under-the-receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) has improved from 88.5% to 91.5%. For all malignant lesions, the AUC has improved from 85.3% to 88.1%. Statistical test has revealed the significant difference of the AUC improvements after subtracting background tHb values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Zhou
- University of Connecticut, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Storrs, Connecticut, United States
| | - Atahar Mostafa
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Quing Zhu
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Radiolog, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Quing Zhu, E-mail:
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9
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Cappon DJ, Farrell TJ, Fang Q, Hayward JE. Distortion correction and cross-talk compensation algorithm for use with an imaging spectrometer based spatially resolved diffuse reflectance system. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:123112. [PMID: 28040957 DOI: 10.1063/1.4973122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Optical spectroscopy of human tissue has been widely applied within the field of biomedical optics to allow rapid, in vivo characterization and analysis of the tissue. When designing an instrument of this type, an imaging spectrometer is often employed to allow for simultaneous analysis of distinct signals. This is especially important when performing spatially resolved diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. In this article, an algorithm is presented that allows for the automated processing of 2-dimensional images acquired from an imaging spectrometer. The algorithm automatically defines distinct spectrometer tracks and adaptively compensates for distortion introduced by optical components in the imaging chain. Crosstalk resulting from the overlap of adjacent spectrometer tracks in the image is detected and subtracted from each signal. The algorithm's performance is demonstrated in the processing of spatially resolved diffuse reflectance spectra recovered from an Intralipid and ink liquid phantom and is shown to increase the range of wavelengths over which usable data can be recovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Cappon
- Radiation Sciences Graduate Program, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Thomas J Farrell
- Radiation Sciences Graduate Program, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Qiyin Fang
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Joseph E Hayward
- Radiation Sciences Graduate Program, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
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de Boer LL, Hendriks BHW, van Duijnhoven F, Peeters-Baas MJTFDV, Van de Vijver K, Loo CE, Jóźwiak K, Sterenborg HJCM, Ruers TJM. Using DRS during breast conserving surgery: identifying robust optical parameters and influence of inter-patient variation. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:5188-5200. [PMID: 28018735 PMCID: PMC5175562 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.005188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Successful breast conserving surgery consists of complete removal of the tumor while sparing healthy surrounding tissue. Despite currently available imaging and margin assessment tools, recognizing tumor tissue at a resection margin during surgery is challenging. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), which uses light for tissue characterization, can potentially guide surgeons to prevent tumor positive margins. However, inter-patient variation and changes in tissue physiology occurring during the resection might hamper this light-based technology. Here we investigate how inter-patient variation and tissue status (in vivo vs ex vivo) affect the performance of the DRS optical parameters. In vivo and ex vivo measurements of 45 breast cancer patients were obtained and quantified with an analytical model to acquire the optical parameters. The optical parameter representing the ratio between fat and water provided the best discrimination between normal and tumor tissue, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.94. There was no substantial influence of other patient factors such as menopausal status on optical measurements. Contrary to expectations, normalization of the optical parameters did not improve the discriminative power. Furthermore, measurements taken in vivo were not significantly different from the measurements taken ex vivo. These findings indicate that DRS is a robust technology for the detection of tumor tissue during breast conserving surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne L. de Boer
- Netherlands Cancer Institute – Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Benno H. W. Hendriks
- Philips Research, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Biomechanical Engineering Department, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Koen Van de Vijver
- Netherlands Cancer Institute – Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Claudette E. Loo
- Netherlands Cancer Institute – Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Katarzyna Jóźwiak
- Netherlands Cancer Institute – Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Henricus J. C. M. Sterenborg
- Netherlands Cancer Institute – Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Academic Medical Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Theo J. M. Ruers
- Netherlands Cancer Institute – Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam The Netherlands
- MIRA Institute, University Twente, The Netherlands
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Chen H, Lin Z, Mo L, Wu H, Wu T, Tan C. Continuous wavelet transform-based feature selection applied to near-infrared spectral diagnosis of cancer. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 151:286-291. [PMID: 26143320 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.06.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Spectrum is inherently local in nature since it can be thought of as a signal being composed of various frequency components. Wavelet transform (WT) is a powerful tool that partitions a signal into components with different frequency. The property of multi-resolution enables WT a very effective and natural tool for analyzing spectrum-like signal. In this study, a continuous wavelet transform (CWT)-based variable selection procedure was proposed to search for a set of informative wavelet coefficients for constructing a near-infrared (NIR) spectral diagnosis model of cancer. The CWT provided a fine multi-resolution feature space for selecting best predictors. A measure of discriminating power (DP) was defined to evaluate the coefficients. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used as the classification algorithm. A NIR spectral dataset associated to cancer diagnosis was used for experiment. The optimal results obtained correspond to the wavelet of db2. It revealed that on condition of having better performance on the training set, the optimal PLS-DA model using only 40 wavelet coefficients in 10 scales achieved the same performance as the one using all the variables in the original space on the test set: an overall accuracy of 93.8%, sensitivity of 92.5% and specificity of 96.3%. It confirms that the CWT-based feature selection coupled with PLS-DA is feasible and effective for constructing models of diagnostic cancer by NIR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Key Lab of Process Analysis and Control of Sichuan Universities, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, China; Hospital, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, China
| | - Zan Lin
- Key Lab of Process Analysis and Control of Sichuan Universities, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lin Mo
- The Affiliated Hospital, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, China
| | - Hegang Wu
- The First People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Key Lab of Process Analysis and Control of Sichuan Universities, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, China
| | - Chao Tan
- Key Lab of Process Analysis and Control of Sichuan Universities, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, China.
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Cancer Discrimination Using Fourier Transform Near-Infrared Spectroscopy with Chemometric Models. J CHEM-NY 2015. [DOI: 10.1155/2015/619685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy technique offers many potential advantages as tool for biomedical analysis since it enables the subtle biochemical signatures related to pathology to be detected and extracted. In conjunction with advanced chemometrics, NIR spectroscopy opens the possibility of their use in cancer diagnosis. The study focuses on the application of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and classification models for discriminating colorectal cancer. A total of 107 surgical specimens and a corresponding NIR diffuse reflection spectral dataset were prepared. Three preprocessing methods were attempted and least-squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) was used to build a classification model. The hybrid preprocessing of first derivative and principal component analysis (PCA) resulted in the best LS-SVM model with the sensitivity and specificity of 0.96 and 0.96 for the training and 0.94 and 0.96 for test sets, respectively. The similarity performance on both subsets indicated that overfitting did not occur, assuring the robustness and reliability of the developed LS-SVM model. The area of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.99, demonstrating once again the high prediction power of the model. The result confirms the applicability of the combination of NIR spectroscopy, LS-SVM, PCA, and first derivative preprocessing for cancer diagnosis.
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Krishna CM, Kurien J, Mathew S, Rao L, Maheedhar K, Kumar KK, Chowdary MVP. Raman spectroscopy of breast tissues. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 8:149-66. [DOI: 10.1586/14737159.8.2.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Yi WS, Cui DS, Li Z, Wu LL, Shen AG, Hu JM. Gastric cancer differentiation using Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy with unsupervised pattern recognition. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 101:127-131. [PMID: 23099170 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The manuscript has investigated the application of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for differentiation gastric cancer. The 90 spectra from cancerous and normal tissues were collected from a total of 30 surgical specimens using Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIR) equipped with a fiber-optic probe. Major spectral differences were observed in the CH-stretching second overtone (9000-7000 cm(-1)), CH-stretching first overtone (6000-5200 cm(-1)), and CH-stretching combination (4500-4000 cm(-1)) regions. By use of unsupervised pattern recognition, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA), all spectra were classified into cancerous and normal tissue groups with accuracy up to 81.1%. The sensitivity and specificity was 100% and 68.2%, respectively. These present results indicate that CH-stretching first, combination band and second overtone regions can serve as diagnostic markers for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-song Yi
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, and Gastric & Intestine Department, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan 430072, PR China
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15
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Tellier F, Steibel J, Chabrier R, Blé FX, Tubaldo H, Rasata R, Chambron J, Duportail G, Simon H, Rodier JF, Poulet P. Sentinel lymph nodes fluorescence detection and imaging using Patent Blue V bound to human serum albumin. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 3:2306-2316. [PMID: 23024922 PMCID: PMC3447570 DOI: 10.1364/boe.3.002306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Patent Blue V (PBV), a dye used clinically for sentinel lymph node detection, was mixed with human serum albumin (HSA). After binding to HSA, the fluorescence quantum yield increased from 5 × 10(-4) to 1.7 × 10(-2), which was enough to allow fluorescence detection and imaging of its distribution. A detection threshold, evaluated in scattering test objects, lower than 2.5 nmol × L(-1) was obtained, using a single-probe setup with a 5-mW incident light power. The detection sensitivity using a fluorescence imaging device was in the µmol × L(-1) range, with a noncooled CCD camera. Preclinical evaluation was performed on a rat model and permitted to observe inflamed nodes on all animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin Tellier
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie et de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 7237, Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, Faculté de Médecine, 4 rue Kirschleger, 67085 Strasbourg, France
- EURORAD, 2 rue Ettore Bugatti 67201 Eckbolsheim, France
| | - Jérôme Steibel
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie et de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 7237, Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, Faculté de Médecine, 4 rue Kirschleger, 67085 Strasbourg, France
| | - Renée Chabrier
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie et de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 7237, Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, Faculté de Médecine, 4 rue Kirschleger, 67085 Strasbourg, France
| | - François Xavier Blé
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie et de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 7237, Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, Faculté de Médecine, 4 rue Kirschleger, 67085 Strasbourg, France
| | - Hervé Tubaldo
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie et de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 7237, Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, Faculté de Médecine, 4 rue Kirschleger, 67085 Strasbourg, France
| | - Ravelo Rasata
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie et de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 7237, Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, Faculté de Médecine, 4 rue Kirschleger, 67085 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jacques Chambron
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie et de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 7237, Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, Faculté de Médecine, 4 rue Kirschleger, 67085 Strasbourg, France
- EURORAD, 2 rue Ettore Bugatti 67201 Eckbolsheim, France
| | - Guy Duportail
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213, Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Hervé Simon
- EURORAD, 2 rue Ettore Bugatti 67201 Eckbolsheim, France
| | - Jean-François Rodier
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Paul Strauss Cancer Center, 3 rue de la Porte de l'Hôpital, 67085 Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrick Poulet
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie et de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 7237, Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, Faculté de Médecine, 4 rue Kirschleger, 67085 Strasbourg, France
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Chuang CC, Lee CY, Chen CM, Hsieh YS, Liu TC, Sun CW. Diffuser-aided diffuse optical imaging for breast tumor: a feasibility study based on time-resolved three-dimensional Monte Carlo modeling. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2012; 59:1454-61. [PMID: 22394571 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2012.2187900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study proposed diffuser-aided diffuse optical imaging (DADOI) as a new approach to improve the performance of the conventional diffuse optical tomography (DOT) approach for breast imaging. The 3-D breast model for Monte Carlo simulation is remodeled from clinical MRI image. The modified Beer-Lambert's law is adopted with the DADOI approach to substitute the complex algorithms of inverse problem for mapping of spatial distribution, and the depth information is obtained based on the time-of-flight estimation. The simulation results demonstrate that the time-resolved Monte Carlo method can be capable of performing source-detector separations analysis. The dynamics of photon migration with various source-detector separations are analyzed for the characterization of breast tissue and estimation of optode arrangement. The source-detector separations should be less than 4 cm for breast imaging in DOT system. Meanwhile, the feasibility of DADOI was manifested in this study. In the results, DADOI approach can provide better imaging contrast and faster imaging than conventional DOT measurement. The DADOI approach possesses great potential to detect the breast tumor in early stage and chemotherapy monitoring that implies a good feasibility for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Cheng Chuang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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17
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Sun Y, Sun Y, Stephens D, Xie H, Phipps J, Saroufeem R, Southard J, Elson DS, Marcu L. Dynamic tissue analysis using time- and wavelength-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy for atherosclerosis diagnosis. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:3890-901. [PMID: 21369214 PMCID: PMC3368314 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.003890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous time- and wavelength-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy (STWRFS) was developed and tested for the dynamic characterization of atherosclerotic tissue ex vivo and arterial vessels in vivo. Autofluorescence, induced by a 337 nm, 700 ps pulsed laser, was split to three wavelength sub-bands using dichroic filters, with each sub-band coupled into a different length of optical fiber for temporal separation. STWRFS allows for fast recording/analysis (few microseconds) of time-resolved fluorescence emission in these sub-bands and rapid scanning. Distinct compositions of excised human atherosclerotic aorta were clearly discriminated over scanning lengths of several centimeters based on fluorescence lifetime and the intensity ratio between 390 and 452 nm. Operation of STWRFS blood flow was further validated in pig femoral arteries in vivo using a single-fiber probe integrated with an ultrasound imaging catheter. Current results demonstrate the potential of STWRFS as a tool for real-time optical characterization of arterial tissue composition and for atherosclerosis research and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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18
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Dayton A, Soot L, Wolf R, Gougoutas-Fox C, Prahl S. Light-guided lumpectomy: device and case report. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2010; 15:061706. [PMID: 21198154 DOI: 10.1117/1.3499422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We describe the development, design, fabrication, and testing of an optical wire to assist in the surgical removal of small lesions during breast-conserving surgery. We modify a standard localization wire by adding a 200-μm optical fiber alongside it; the resulting optical wire fit through an 18 gauge needle for insertion in the breast. The optical wire is anchored in the lesion by a radiologist under ultrasonic and mammographic guidance. At surgery, the tip is illuminated with an eye-safe, red, HeNe laser, and the resulting glowball of light in the breast tissue surrounds the lesion. The surgeon readily visualizes the glowball in the operating room. This glowball provides sufficient feedback to the surgeon that it is used (1) to find the lesion and (2) as a guide during resection. Light-guided lumpectomy is a simple enhancement to traditional wire localization that could improve the current standard of care for surgical treatment of small, nonpalpable breast lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Dayton
- Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Oregon Medical Laser Center, Portland, OR 97225, USA
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19
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Wang J, Jiang S, Li Z, diFlorio-Alexander RM, Barth RJ, Kaufman PA, Pogue BW, Paulsen KD. In vivo quantitative imaging of normal and cancerous breast tissue using broadband diffuse optical tomography. Med Phys 2010; 37:3715-24. [PMID: 20831079 DOI: 10.1118/1.3455702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A NIR tomography system that combines frequency domain (FD) and continuous wave (CW) measurements was used to image normal and malignant breast tissues. METHODS FD acquisitions were confined to wavelengths less than 850 nm because of detector limitations, whereas light from longer wavelengths (up to 948 nm) was measured in CW mode with CCD-coupled spectrometer detection. The two data sets were combined and processed in a single spectrally constrained reconstruction to map concentrations of hemoglobin, water, and lipid, as well as scattering parameters in the breast. RESULTS Chromophore concentrations were imaged in the breasts of nine asymptomatic volunteers to evaluate their intrasubject and intersubject variability. Normal subject data showed physiologically expected trends. Images from three cancer patients indicate that the added CW data is critical to recovering the expected increases in water and decreases in lipid content within malignancies. Contrasts of 1.5 to twofold in hemoglobin and water values were found in cancers. CONCLUSIONS In vivo breast imaging with instrumentation that combines FD and CW NIR data acquisition in a single spectral reconstruction produces more accurate hemoglobin, water, and lipid results relative to FD data alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA.
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20
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Cen H, Lu R. Optimization of the hyperspectral imaging-based spatially-resolved system for measuring the optical properties of biological materials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:17412-32. [PMID: 20721128 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.017412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on the optimization and assessment of a hyperspectral imaging-based spatially-resolved system for determination of the optical properties of biological materials over the wavelengths of 500-1,000 nm. Twelve model samples covering a wide range of absorption and reduced scattering coefficients were created to validate the hyperspectral imaging system, and their true values of absorption and reduced scattering coefficients were determined and then cross-validated using three commonly used methods (i.e., transmittance, integrating sphere, and empirical equation). Light beam and source-detector distance were optimized through Monte Carlo simulations and experiments for the model samples. The optimal light beam should be of Gaussian type with the diameter of less than 1 mm, and the optimal minimum and maximum source-detector distance should be 1.5 mm and 10-20 mean free paths, respectively. The optimized hyperspectral imaging-based spatially-resolved system achieved good estimation of the optical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Cen
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, 105A Farrall Hall, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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21
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Ardeshirpour Y, Zhu Q. Optical tomography method that accounts for tilted chest wall in breast imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2010; 15:041515. [PMID: 20799793 PMCID: PMC2912938 DOI: 10.1117/1.3449570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The chest wall underneath breast tissue distorts light reflection measurements, especially measurements obtained from distant source-detector pairs. For patients with a chest wall located at a shallower depth, the chest-wall effect needs to be considered in the image reconstruction procedure. Following our previous studies, this work systemically evaluates the performance of a two-layer model-based reconstruction using the finite element method, and compares it with the performance of the semi-infinite model. The results obtained from simulations and phantom experiments show that the two-layer model improves the light quantification of the targets. The improvements are attributed to improved background estimation and more accurate weight matrix calculation using a two-layer model compared to the semi-infinite model. Fitted two-layer background optical properties obtained from a group of ten patients with chest walls located less than 2 cm deep are more representative of breast tissue and chest-wall optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Ardeshirpour
- University of Connecticut, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-2157, USA
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22
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Kim A, Roy M, Dadani F, Wilson BC. A fiberoptic reflectance probe with multiple source-collector separations to increase the dynamic range of derived tissue optical absorption and scattering coefficients. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:5580-94. [PMID: 20389574 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.005580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Measurement of tissue optical absorption and (transport) reduced scattering coefficients (mu(a) and mu(s)', respectively) is fundamental to many applications of light in medicine and biology. We report a handheld fiberoptic probe to determine these coefficients by measuring the diffuse reflectance at multiple source-collector distances, which allows for a larger dynamic range than a single source-collector separation. Diffusion theory and a priori knowledge of the spectral shape of mu(a) and mu(s)' are used in a forward model of the diffuse reflectance. The dynamic range and accuracy of this method were evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations, phantom experiments and tissues in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Kim
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto and Ontario Cancer Institute/Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada
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23
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Liemert A, Kienle A. Light diffusion in N-layered turbid media: frequency and time domains. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2010; 15:025002. [PMID: 20459243 DOI: 10.1117/1.3368682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We deal with light diffusion in mismatched N-layered turbid media having a finite or an infinitely thick N'th layer. We focus on time-resolved light propagation in both the frequency and time domains. Based on our results for the steady-state domain, solutions of the N-layered diffusion equations in the frequency and time domains are obtained by applying the Fourier transform technique. Different methods for calculation of the inverse Fourier transform are studied to validate the solutions, showing relative differences typically smaller than 10(-6). The solutions are compared to Monte Carlo simulations, revealing good agreement. Finally, by applying the Laplace and Fourier transforms we derive a fast ( approximately 1 ms) and accurate analytical solution for the time domain reflectance from a two-layered turbid medium having equal reduced scattering coefficients and refractive indices in both layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Liemert
- Institut fur Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Messtechnik, Helmholtzstrasse 12, Ulm, D-89081 Germany.
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24
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Mo W, Chan TSS, Chen L, Chen N. Quantitative characterization of optical and physiological parameters in normal breasts using time-resolved spectroscopy: in vivo results of 19 Singapore women. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2009; 14:064004. [PMID: 20059242 DOI: 10.1117/1.3257251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the quantitative measurements of optical and physiological parameters of normal breasts from 19 Singapore women by using time-resolved diffuse optical spectroscopy. Intrinsic absorption coefficient (mu(a)) and reduced scattering coefficients (mu(s) (')) of breasts were calculated from the time-resolved photon migration data. Physiology of breasts was characterized using the concentrations of oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, total hemoglobin (THC), and oxygenation saturation. On average, the experiment results showed that the mu(a) of young women (below 40 years old) was 36 to 38% greater than that of older women (above 40 years old) and that parameter THC was approximately 42% greater. Results also showed that the THC of premenopausal women was 24.3 microMol/L, which was approximately 69% larger than that of postmenopausal women at 14.1 microMol/L. Meanwhile, the mu(a) of premenopausal women was approximately 60% larger than that of postmenopausal women. Correlation analysis further showed that the optical and physiological parameters of breasts were strongly influenced by changes in the women's age, menopausal states, and body mass index. These in vivo experiment results will contribute to the breast tissue diagnosis between healthy and diseased breast tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weirong Mo
- National University of Singapore, Division of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Singapore
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25
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Guyon L, da Silva A, Planat-Chrétien A, Rizo P, Dinten JM. Chi2 analysis for estimating the accuracy of optical properties derived from time resolved diffuse-reflectance. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:20521-20537. [PMID: 19997281 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.020521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Weighted residuals and the reduced chi(2) (chi(R) (2)) value are investigated with regard to their relevance for assessing optical property estimates using the diffusion equation for time-resolved measurements in turbid media. It is shown and explained, for all photon counting experiments including lifetime estimation, why chi(R) (2) increases linearly with the number of photons when there is a model bias. Only when a sufficient number of photons has been acquired, chi(R) (2) is a pertinent value for assessing the accuracy of mu(a) and mu(s)' estimates. It was concluded that chi(R) (2) is of particular interest for cases of small interfiber separation, low-level scattering, strong absorption and incorrect measurement of instrument response function. It was also found that chi(R) (2) is less pertinent for judging mu(a) in case of air boundary effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Guyon
- CEA, LETI, Département Technologies pour la Biologie et la Santé, F-38054 Grenoble, France.
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26
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Alerstam E, Andersson-Engels S, Svensson T. White Monte Carlo for time-resolved photon migration. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2008; 13:041304. [PMID: 19021312 DOI: 10.1117/1.2950319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel scheme for fully scalable White Monte Carlo (WMC) has been developed and is used as a forward solver in the evaluation of experimental time-resolved spectroscopy. Previously reported scaling problems are avoided by storing detection events individually, turning spatial and temporal binning into post-simulation activities. The approach is suitable for modeling of both interstitial and noninvasive settings (i.e., infinite and semi-infinite geometries). Motivated by an interest in in vivo optical properties of human prostate tissue, we utilize WMC to explore the low albedo regime of time-domain photon migration--a regime where the diffusion approximation of radiative transport theory breaks down, leading to the risk of overestimating both reduced scattering (mu(s)') and absorption (mu(a)). Experimental work supports our findings and establishes the advantages of Monte Carlo-based evaluation.
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27
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Xu RX, Young DC, Mao JJ, Povoski SP. A prospective pilot clinical trial evaluating the utility of a dynamic near-infrared imaging device for characterizing suspicious breast lesions. Breast Cancer Res 2008; 9:R88. [PMID: 18088411 PMCID: PMC2246191 DOI: 10.1186/bcr1837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2007] [Revised: 10/07/2007] [Accepted: 12/18/2007] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Characterizing and differentiating between malignant tumors, benign tumors, and normal breast tissue is increasingly important in the patient presenting with breast problems. Near-infrared diffuse optical imaging and spectroscopy is capable of measuring multiple physiologic parameters of biological tissue systems and may have clinical applications for assessing the development and progression of neoplastic processes, including breast cancer. The currently available application of near-infrared imaging technology for the breast, however, is compromised by low spatial resolution, tissue heterogeneity, and interpatient variation. Materials and methods We tested a dynamic near-infrared imaging schema for the characterization of suspicious breast lesions identified on diagnostic clinical ultrasound. A portable handheld near-infrared tissue imaging device (P-Scan; ViOptix Inc., Fremont, CA, USA) was utilized. An external mechanical compression force was applied to breast tissue. The tissue oxygen saturation and hemoglobin concentration were recorded simultaneously by the handheld near-infrared imaging device. Twelve categories of dynamic tissue parameters were derived based on real-time measurements of the tissue hemoglobin concentration and the oxygen saturation. Results Fifty suspicious breast lesions were evaluated in 48 patients. Statistical analyses were carried out on 36 out of 50 datasets that satisfied our inclusion criteria. Suspicious breast lesions identified on diagnostic clinical ultrasound had lower oxygenation and higher hemoglobin concentration than the surrounding normal breast tissue. Furthermore, histopathologic-proven malignant breast tumors had a lower differential hemoglobin contrast (that is, the difference of hemoglobin concentration variability between the suspicious breast lesion and the normal breast parenchyma located remotely elsewhere within the ipsilateral breast) as compared with histopathologic-proven benign breast lesions. Conclusion The proposed dynamic near-infrared imaging schema has the potential to differentiate benign processes from those of malignant breast tumors. Further development and refinement of the dynamic imaging device and additional subsequent clinical testing are necessary for optimizing the accuracy of detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald X Xu
- Biomedical Engineering Department, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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28
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Kondepati VR, Heise HM, Backhaus J. Recent applications of near-infrared spectroscopy in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 390:125-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1651-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2007] [Revised: 08/22/2007] [Accepted: 09/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Kondepati VR, Oszinda T, Heise HM, Luig K, Mueller R, Schroeder O, Keese M, Backhaus J. CH-overtone regions as diagnostic markers for near-infrared spectroscopic diagnosis of primary cancers in human pancreas and colorectal tissue. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 387:1633-41. [PMID: 17205263 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0960-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2006] [Revised: 09/29/2006] [Accepted: 10/20/2006] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the application of near-infrared spectroscopy for detection of human primary pancreatic and colorectal cancers. Spectra from cancerous and normal tissue were collected from a total of 37 surgically resected pancreatic and colorectal patient tissue specimens using a fibre-optic probe. Major spectral differences were observed in the CH-stretching first (6,000-5,400 cm(-1)) and second overtone (9,000-7,900 cm(-1)) regions. By use of artificial neural networks, linear discriminant analysis, and cluster analysis as pattern-recognition methods the spectra were classified into cancerous and normal tissue groups with accuracy up to 89%. We also explored differences between the spectra obtained from colorectal and pancreatic tissue. Spectral data from cancerous and normal tissue were classified organ-specifically into four groups with accuracy between 80 and 83%. Our results indicate that CH-overtone regions, besides serving as diagnostic markers for NIR spectroscopic diagnosis of primary human pancreas and colorectal cancers, are also useful for elucidating differences between the spectra obtained from colorectal and pancreatic cancerous tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Radhakrishna Kondepati
- Institute for Instrumental Analysis and Bioanalysis, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Windeckstrasse 110, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
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30
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Svensson T, Andersson-Engels S, Einarsdóttír M, Svanberg K. In vivo optical characterization of human prostate tissue using near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2007; 12:014022. [PMID: 17343497 DOI: 10.1117/1.2435175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of photodynamic therapy into a modality for treatment of prostate cancer calls for reliable optical dosimetry. We employ, for the first time, interstitial time-resolved spectroscopy to determine in vivo optical properties of human prostate tissue. Nine patients are included in the study, and measurements are conducted prior to primary brachytherapy treatment of prostate cancer. Intrasubject variability is examined by measuring across three tissue volumes within each prostate. The time-resolved instrumentation proves its usefulness by producing good signal levels in all measurements. We are able to present consistent values on reduced scattering coefficients (mu(s)'), absorption coefficients (mu(a)), and effective attenuation (mu(eff)) at the wavelengths 660, 786, and 916 nm. At 660 nm, mu(s)' is found to be 9+/-2 cm(-1), and mu(a) is 0.5+/-0.1 cm(-1). Derived values of mu(eff) are in the range of 3 to 4 cm(-1) at 660 nm, a result in good agreement with previously published steady state data. Total hemoglobin concentration (THC) and oxygen saturation are spectroscopically determined using derived absorption coefficients. Derived THC values are fairly variable (215+/-65 microM), while derived values of oxygen saturation are gathered around 75% (76+/-4%). Intrasubject variations in derived parameters correlate (qualitatively) with the heterogeneity exhibited in acquired ultrasound images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Svensson
- Lund University, Department of Physics, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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31
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Johansson A, Johansson T, Thompson MS, Bendsoe N, Svanberg K, Svanberg S, Andersson-Engels S. In vivo measurement of parameters of dosimetric importance during interstitial photodynamic therapy of thick skin tumors. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2006; 11:34029. [PMID: 16822078 DOI: 10.1117/1.2204027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A system for interstitial photodynamic therapy is used in the treatment of thick skin tumors. The system allows simultaneous measurements of light fluence rate, sensitizer fluorescence, and tissue oxygen saturation by using the same fibers as for therapeutic light delivery. Results from ten tumor treatments using delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-induced protoporphyrin IX show a significant, treatment-induced increase in tissue absorption at the therapeutic wavelength, and rapid sensitizer photobleaching. The changes in oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin content are monitored by means of near-infrared spectroscopy, revealing a varying tissue oxygenation and significant changes in blood volume during treatment. These changes are consistent with the temporal profiles of the light fluence rate at the therapeutic wavelength actually measured. We therefore propose the observed absorption increase to be due to treatment-induced deoxygenation in combination with changes in blood concentration within the treated volume. A higher rate of initial photobleaching is found to correlate with a less pronounced increase in tissue absorption. Based on the measured signals, we propose how real-time treatment supervision and feedback can be implemented. Simultaneous study of the fluence rate, sensitizer fluorescence, and local tissue oxygen saturation level may contribute to the understanding of the threshold dose for photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Johansson
- Lund Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, Lund, Sweden.
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Grosenick D, Wabnitz H, Moesta KT, Mucke J, Schlag PM, Rinneberg H. Time-domain scanning optical mammography: II. Optical properties and tissue parameters of 87 carcinomas. Phys Med Biol 2005; 50:2451-68. [PMID: 15901948 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/50/11/002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Within a clinical trial on scanning time-domain optical mammography reported on in a companion publication (part I), craniocaudal and mediolateral projection optical mammograms were recorded from 154 patients, suspected of having breast cancer. Here we report on in vivo optical properties of the subset of 87 histologically validated carcinomas which were visible in optical mammograms recorded at two or three near-infrared wavelengths. Tumour absorption and reduced scattering coefficients were derived from distributions of times of flight of photons recorded at the tumour site employing the model of diffraction of photon density waves by a spherical inhomogeneity, located in an otherwise homogeneous tissue slab. Effective tumour radii, taken from pathology, and tumour location along the compression direction, deduced from off-axis optical scans of the tumour region, were included in the analysis as prior knowledge, if available. On average, tumour absorption coefficients exceeded those of surrounding healthy breast tissue by a factor of about 2.5 (670 nm), whereas tumour reduced scattering coefficients were larger by about 20% (670 nm). From absorption coefficients at 670 nm and 785 nm total haemoglobin concentration and blood oxygen saturation were deduced for tumours and surrounding healthy breast tissue. Apart from a few outliers total haemoglobin concentration was observed to be systematically larger in tumours compared to healthy breast tissue. In contrast, blood oxygen saturation was found to be a poor discriminator for tumours and healthy breast tissue; both median values of blood oxygen saturation are the same within their statistical uncertainties. However, the ratio of total haemoglobin concentration over blood oxygen saturation further improves discrimination between tumours and healthy breast tissue. For 29 tumours detected in optical mammograms recorded at three wavelengths (670 nm, 785 nm, 843 nm or 884 nm), scatter power was derived from transport scattering coefficients. Scatter power of tumours tends to be larger than that of surrounding healthy breast tissue, yet the 95% confidence intervals of both medians overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Grosenick
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestrasse 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany.
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