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Oh M, Oh SJ, Lee SJ, Oh JS, Seo SY, Ryu S, Roh JH, Lee JH, Kim JS. One-Year Longitudinal Changes in Tau Accumulation on [ 18F]PI-2620 PET in the Alzheimer Spectrum. J Nucl Med 2024; 65:453-461. [PMID: 38302152 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.265893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated the longitudinal changes in cortical tau accumulation and their association with cognitive decline in patients in the Alzheimer disease (AD) continuum using 2-(2-([18F]fluoro)pyridin-4-yl)-9H-pyrrolo[2,3-b:4,5c']dipyridine ([18F]PI-2620) PET. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 52 participants (age, 69.7 ± 8.4 y; 18 men and 34 women): 7 with normal cognition, 28 with mild cognitive impairment, and 17 with AD. They all completed the [18F]PI-2620 and [18F]florbetaben PET, MRI, and neuropsychologic tests at baseline and, excepting the [18F]florbetaben PET, at the 1-y follow-up. Amyloid-β (Aβ) PET images were visually scored as positive (+) or negative (-). Patients on the AD continuum, including Aβ+ mild cognitive impairment and AD, were classified into early-onset (EO+) (<65 y old) or late-onset (LO+) (≥65 y old) groups. [18F]PI-2620 PET SUV ratios (SUVRs) were determined by calculating the cerebral-to-inferior cerebellar ratio. Cortical volumes were calculated using 3-dimensional T1-weighted MRI. The correlation between tau accumulation progression and cognitive decline was also investigated. Results: The global [18F]PI-2620 PET SUVRs were 1.04 ± 0.07 in 15 Aβ- patients, 1.18 ± 0.21 in 20 LO+ patients (age, 76.7 ± 3.8 y), and 1.54 ± 0.38 in 17 EO+ patients (age, 63.4 ± 5.4 y; P < 0.001) at baseline. The global SUVR increased over 1 y by 0.05 ± 0.07 (3.90%) and 0.13 ± 0.22 (8.41%) in the LO+ and EO+ groups, respectively, whereas in the Aβ- groups, it remained unchanged. The EO+ group showed higher global and regional tau deposition than did the Aβ- and LO+ groups (P < 0.05 for each) and rapid accumulation in Braak stage V (0.15 ± 0.25; 9.10% ± 12.27%; P = 0.016 and 0.008), Braak stage VI (0.08 ± 0.12; 7.16% ± 10.06%; P < 0.006 and 0.005), and global SUVR (P = 0.013) compared with the Aβ- group. In the EO+ group, the changes in SUVR in Braak stages II-VI were strongly correlated with the baseline and changes in verbal memory (P < 0.03). The LO+ group showed higher tau accumulation in Braak stage I-IV areas than did the Aβ- group (P < 0.001 for each). In the LO+ group, the change in SUVR in Braak stages III and IV moderately correlated with the change in attention (P < 0.05), and the change in SUVR in Braak stages V and VI moderately correlated with the change in visuospatial function (P < 0.005). Conclusion: These findings suggest that [18F]PI-2620 PET can be a biomarker to provide regional and chronologic information about tau pathology in the AD continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyoung Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Jun Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Ju Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jungsu S Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Yeon Seo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soorack Ryu
- Biostatistical Consulting and Research Laboratory, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Hoon Roh
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; and
- Department of Neurology, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Lee
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Seung Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea;
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Mandeville JB, Efthimiou N, Weigand-Whittier J, Hardy E, Knudsen GM, Jørgensen LM, Chen YCI. Partial volume correction of PET image data using geometric transfer matrices based on uniform B-splines. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:055020. [PMID: 38271737 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad22a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Objective. Most methods for partial volume correction (PVC) of positron emission tomography (PET) data employ anatomical segmentation of images into regions of interest. This approach is not optimal for exploratory functional imaging beyond regional hypotheses. Here, we describe a novel method for unbiased voxel-wise PVC.Approach.B-spline basis functions were combined with geometric transfer matrices to enable a method (bsGTM) that provides PVC or alternatively provides smoothing with minimal regional crosstalk. The efficacy of the proposed method was evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations, human PET data, and murine functional PET data.Main results.In simulations, bsGTM provided recovery of partial volume signal loss comparable to iterative deconvolution, while demonstrating superior resilience to noise. In a real murine PET dataset, bsGTM yielded much higher sensitivity for detecting amphetamine-induced reduction of [11C]raclopride binding potential. In human PET data, bsGTM smoothing enabled increased signal-to-noise ratios with less degradation of binding potentials relative to Gaussian convolution or non-local means.Significance.bsGTM offers improved performance for PVC relative to iterative deconvolution, the current method of choice for voxel-wise PVC, especially in the common PET regime of low signal-to-noise ratio. The new method provides an anatomically unbiased way to compensate partial volume errors in cases where anatomical segmentation is unavailable or of questionable relevance or accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B Mandeville
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Nikos Efthimiou
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Jonah Weigand-Whittier
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley CA, United States of America
| | - Erin Hardy
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, United States of America
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise M Jørgensen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yin-Ching I Chen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
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Cerina V, Crivellaro C, Morzenti S, Pozzi FE, Bigiogera V, Jonghi-Lavarini L, Moresco RM, Basso G, De Bernardi E. A ROI-based quantitative pipeline for 18F-FDG PET metabolism and pCASL perfusion joint analysis: Validation of the 18F-FDG PET line. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23340. [PMID: 38163125 PMCID: PMC10755331 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), the study of brain metabolism, provided by 18F-FluoroDeoxyGlucose Positron Emission Tomography (18F-FDG PET) can be integrated with brain perfusion through pseudo-Continuous Arterial Spin Labeling Magnetic Resonance sequences (MR pCASL). Cortical hypometabolism identification generally relies on wide control group datasets; pCASL control groups are instead not publicly available yet, due to lack of standardization in the acquisition parameters. This study presents a quantitative pipeline to be applied to PET and pCASL data to coherently analyze metabolism and perfusion inside 16 matching cortical regions of interest (ROIs) derived from the AAL3 atlas. The PET line is tuned on 36 MCI patients and 107 healthy control subjects, to agree in identifying hypometabolic regions with clinical reference methods (visual analysis supported by a vendor tool and Statistical Parametric Mapping, SPM, with two parametrizations here identified as SPM-A and SPM-B). The analysis was conducted for each ROI separately. The proposed PET analysis pipeline obtained accuracy 78 % and Cohen's к 60 % vs visual analysis, accuracy 79 % and Cohen's к 58 % vs SPM-A, accuracy 77 % and Cohen's к 54 % vs SPM-B. Cohen's к resulted not significantly different from SPM-A and SPM-B Cohen's к when assuming visual analysis as reference method (p-value 0.61 and 0.31 respectively). Considering SPM-A as reference method, Cohen's к is not significantly different from SPM-B Cohen's к as well (p-value = 1.00). The complete PET-pCASL pipeline was then preliminarily applied on 5 MCI patients and metabolism-perfusion regional correlations were assessed. The proposed approach can be considered as a promising tool for PET-pCASL joint analyses in MCI, even in the absence of a pCASL control group, to perform metabolism-perfusion regional correlation studies, and to assess and compare perfusion in hypometabolic or normo-metabolic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Cerina
- PhD program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Cinzia Crivellaro
- Nuclear Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italia
| | - Sabrina Morzenti
- Medical Physics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italia
| | - Federico E. Pozzi
- PhD program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
- Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italia
- Milan center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | | | | | - Rosa M. Moresco
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Basso
- Milan center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
- Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italia
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Sur C, Adamczuk K, Scott D, Kost J, Sampat M, Buckley C, Farrar G, Newton B, Suhy J, Bennacef I, Egan MF. Evaluation of 18F-flutemetamol amyloid PET image analysis parameters on the effect of verubecestat on brain amlyoid load in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Imaging Biol 2022; 24:862-873. [PMID: 35794343 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-022-01735-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The BACE inhibitor verubecestat was previously found to reduce amyloid load as assessed by 18F-flutemetamol positron emission tomography (PET) composite cortical standard uptake value ratio (SUVr) in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) in a substudy of the EPOCH trial. Here, we report on additional analyses relevant to the EPOCH PET data, to help inform on the use of PET for assessing amlyloid load in AD clinical trials. PROCEDURES The analyses addressed (1) identification of an optimal 18F-flutemetamol reference region, (2) determination of the threshold to characterize the magnitude of the longitudinal change, and (3) the impact of partial volume correction (PVC). Pons and subcortical white matter were evaluated as reference regions. The SUVr cutoffs and final reference region choice were determined using 162 18F-flutemetamol PET scans from the AIBL dataset. 18F-flutemetamol SUVrs were computed at baseline and at Week 78 in EPOCH participants who received verubecestat 12 mg (n = 14), 40 mg (n = 20), or placebo (n = 20). Drug effects on amyloid load were computed using either Meltzer (MZ), or symmetric geometric transfer matrix (SGTM) PVC and compared to uncorrected data. RESULTS The optimal subcortical white matter and pons SUVr cutoffs were determined to be 0.69 and 0.62, respectively. The effect size to detect longitudinal change was higher for subcortical white matter (1.20) than pons (0.45). Hence, subcortical white matter was used as the reference region for the EPOCH PET substudy. In EPOCH, uncorrected baseline SUVr values correlated strongly with MZ PVC (r2 = 0.94) and SGTM PVC (r2 = 0.92) baseline SUVr values, and PVC did not provide improvement for evaluating treatment effects on amyloid load at Week 78. No change from baseline was observed in the placebo group at Week 78, whereas a 0.02 and a 0.04 decrease in SUVr were observed in the 12 mg and 40 mg arms, with the latter representing a 22% reduction in the amyloid load above the detection threshold. CONCLUSIONS Treatment-related 18F-flutemetamol longitudinal changes in AD clinical trials can be quantified using a subcortical white matter reference region without PVC. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov NCT01739348.
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Brier MR, Blazey T, Raichle ME, Morris JC, Benzinger TLS, Vlassenko AG, Snyder AZ, Goyal MS. Increased white matter glycolysis in humans with cerebral small vessel disease. NATURE AGING 2022; 2:991-999. [PMID: 37118084 PMCID: PMC10155263 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00303-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
White matter lesions in cerebral small vessel disease are related to ischemic injury and increase the risk of stroke and cognitive decline. Pathological changes due to cerebral small vessel disease are increasingly recognized outside of discrete lesions, but the metabolic alterations in nonlesional tissue has not been described. Aerobic glycolysis is critical to white matter myelin homeostasis and repair. In this study, we examined cerebral metabolism of glucose and oxygen as well as blood flow in individuals with and without cerebral small vessel disease using multitracer positron emission tomography. We show that glycolysis is relatively elevated in nonlesional white matter in individuals with small vessel disease relative to healthy, age-matched controls. On the other hand, in young healthy individuals, glycolysis is relatively low in areas of white matter susceptible to lesion formation. These results suggest that increased white matter glycolysis is a marker of pathology associated with small vessel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Brier
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Tyler Blazey
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marcus E Raichle
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tammie L S Benzinger
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrei G Vlassenko
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Abraham Z Snyder
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Manu S Goyal
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Hajjar I, Okafor M, Wan L, Yang Z, Nye JA, Bohsali A, Shaw LM, Levey AI, Lah JJ, Calhoun VD, Moore RH, Goldstein FC. Safety and biomarker effects of candesartan in non-hypertensive adults with prodromal Alzheimer's disease. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac270. [PMID: 36440097 PMCID: PMC9683395 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Observational studies suggest that angiotensin receptor blockers in hypertensive adults are associated with lower post-mortem indicators of Alzheimer's disease pathology. Candesartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker, has a positive cognitive effect in mild cognitive impairment with hypertension. However, its safety and effects in non-hypertensive individuals with Alzheimer's disease are unclear. This is the first double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial aimed to assess safety and effects of 1-year therapy of candesartan on biomarkers and clinical indicators of Alzheimer's disease in non-hypertensive individuals with biomarker-confirmed prodromal Alzheimer's disease. Seventy-seven non-hypertensive participants 50 years or older (mean age: 68.1 years; 62% women; 20% African American) with mild cognitive impairment and biomarker confirmed Alzheimer's disease were randomized to escalating doses of once daily oral candesartan (up to 32 mg) or matched placebo. Main outcomes included safety and tolerability of candesartan, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers (amyloid-β42, amyloid-β40, total tau and phospho-tau). Additional exploratory outcomes included PET imaging (Pittsburgh Compound-B (11C-PiB) and 18F-flortaucipir), brain MRI (structural and connectivity measures) and cognitive functioning. Analyses used intention-to-treat approach with group comparisons of safety measures using Chi-square test, and repeated measures mixed effects models were used to assess candesartan effects on main and exploratory outcomes (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02646982). Candesartan was found to be safe with no significant difference in safety measures: symptoms of hypotension, renal failure or hyperkalemia. Candesartan was also found to be associated with increases in cerebrospinal fluid Aβ40 (between-group mean difference: 1211.95 pg/ml, 95% confidence interval: 313.27, 2110.63) and Aβ42 (49.51 pg/ml, 95% confidence interval: -98.05, -0.98) reflecting lower brain amyloid accumulation. Candesartan was associated with decreased 11C-PiB in the parahippocampal region (-0.1104, 95% confidence interval: -0.19, -0.029) which remained significant after false discovery rate correction, and with an increase in functional network connectivity in the subcortical networks. Candesartan was further associated with improved executive function (Trail Making Test Part B) performance (-11.41 s, 95% confidence interval: -11.94, -10.89) and trended for an improved global cognitive functioning reflected by a composite cognitive score (0.002, 95% confidence interval: -0.0002, 0.005). We did not observe significant effects on tau levels, hippocampal volume or other cognitive measures (memory or clinical dementia rating scale-sum of boxes). In conclusion, among non-hypertensive prodromal Alzheimer's disease, candesartan is safe and likely decreases brain amyloid biomarkers, enhances subcortical brain connectivity and has favourable cognitive effects. These findings suggest that candesartan may have an important therapeutic role in Alzheimer's disease, and warrant further investigation given the lack of clear treatment options for this devastating illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihab Hajjar
- Correspondence to: Ihab Hajjar, MD Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology Goizueta Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center 6 Executive Park Dr NE, 2nd Floor, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA E-mail:
| | - Maureen Okafor
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Limeng Wan
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Zhiyi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Jonathon A Nye
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Center for Systems Imaging, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Anastasia Bohsali
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Leslie M Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Allan I Levey
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - James J Lah
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Reneé H Moore
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Felicia C Goldstein
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
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Kang Y, Jamison K, Jaywant A, Dams-O’Connor K, Kim N, Karakatsanis NA, Butler T, Schiff ND, Kuceyeski A, Shah SA. Longitudinal alterations in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptor availability over ∼ 1 year following traumatic brain injury. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac159. [PMID: 35794871 PMCID: PMC9253887 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Longitudinal alterations of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptor availability following traumatic brain injury have remained uncharacterized and may reflect changes in neuronal structure and function linked to cognitive recovery. We measured GABAA receptor availability using the tracer [11C]flumazenil in nine adults with traumatic brain injury (3–6 months after injury, subacute scan) and in 20 non-brain-injured individuals. A subset of subjects with traumatic brain injury (n = 7) were scanned at a second chronic time-point, 7–13 months after their first scan; controls (n = 9) were scanned for a second time, 5–11 months after the first scan. After accounting for atrophy in subjects with traumatic brain injury, we find broad decreases in GABAA receptor availability predominantly within the frontal lobes, striatum, and posterior-medial thalami; focal reductions were most pronounced in the right insula and anterior cingulate cortex (p < 0.05). Greater relative increase, compared to controls, in global GABAA receptor availability appeared between subacute and chronic scans. At chronic scan (>1 year post-injury), we find increased pallidal receptor availability compared to controls. Conversely, receptor availability remained depressed across the frontal cortices. Longitudinal improvement in executive attention correlated with increases in receptor availability across bilateral fronto-parietal cortical regions and the anterior-lateral aspects of the thalami. The specific observations of persistent bi-frontal lobe reductions and bilateral pallidal elevation are consistent with the anterior forebrain mesocircuit hypothesis for recovery of consciousness following a wide range of brain injuries; our results provide novel correlative data in support of specific cellular mechanisms underlying persistent cognitive deficits. Collectively, these measurements support the use of [11C]flumazenil to track recovery of large-scale network function following brain injuries and measure response to therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kang
- Department of Mathematics, Howard University , Washington, DC 20059 , USA
| | - K Jamison
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine , 407 E. 61 St., Rm 208, New York, NY 10065 , USA
| | - A Jaywant
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, NY 10065 , USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, NY 10065 , USA
| | - K Dams-O’Connor
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY 10029 , USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY 10029 , USA
| | - N Kim
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine , 407 E. 61 St., Rm 208, New York, NY 10065 , USA
| | - N A Karakatsanis
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine , 407 E. 61 St., Rm 208, New York, NY 10065 , USA
| | - T Butler
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine , 407 E. 61 St., Rm 208, New York, NY 10065 , USA
| | - N D Schiff
- Department of BMRI & Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, NY 10065 , USA
| | - A Kuceyeski
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine , 407 E. 61 St., Rm 208, New York, NY 10065 , USA
| | - S A Shah
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine , 407 E. 61 St., Rm 208, New York, NY 10065 , USA
- Department of BMRI & Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, NY 10065 , USA
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8
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Oh M, Oh JS, Oh SJ, Lee SJ, Roh JH, Kim WR, Seo HE, Kang JM, Seo SW, Lee JH, Na DL, Noh Y, Kim JS. [ 18F]THK-5351 PET Patterns in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease and Negative Amyloid PET Findings. J Clin Neurol 2022; 18:437-446. [PMID: 35796269 PMCID: PMC9262461 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2022.18.4.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Alzheimer’s disease (AD) does not always mean amyloid positivity. [18F]THK-5351 has been shown to be able to detect reactive astrogliosis as well as tau accompanied by neurodegenerative changes. We evaluated the [18F]THK-5351 retention patterns in positron-emission tomography (PET) and the clinical characteristics of patients clinically diagnosed with AD dementia who had negative amyloid PET findings. Methods We performed 3.0-T magnetic resonance imaging, [18F]THK-5351 PET, and amyloid PET in 164 patients with AD dementia. Amyloid PET was visually scored as positive or negative. [18F]THK-5351 PET were visually classified as having an intratemporal or extratemporal spread pattern. Results The 164 patients included 23 (14.0%) who were amyloid-negative (age 74.9±8.3 years, mean±standard deviation; 9 males, 14 females). Amyloid-negative patients were older, had a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus, and had better visuospatial and memory functions. The frequency of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele was higher and the hippocampal volume was smaller in amyloid-positive patients. [18F]THK-5351 uptake patterns of the amyloid-negative patients were classified into intratemporal spread (n=10) and extratemporal spread (n=13). Neuropsychological test results did not differ significantly between these two groups. The standardized uptake value ratio of [18F]THK-5351 was higher in the extratemporal spread group (2.01±0.26 vs. 1.61±0.15, p=0.001). After 1 year, Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores decreased significantly in the extratemporal spread group (-3.5±3.2, p=0.006) but not in the intratemporal spread group (-0.5±2.8, p=0.916). The diagnosis remained as AD (n=5, 50%) or changed to other diagnoses (n=5, 50%) in the intratemporal group, whereas it remained as AD (n=8, 61.5%) or changed to frontotemporal dementia (n=4, 30.8%) and other diagnoses (n=1, 7.7%) in the extratemporal spread group. Conclusions Approximately 70% of the patients with amyloid-negative AD showed abnormal [18F]THK-5351 retention. MMSE scores deteriorated rapidly in the patients with an extratemporal spread pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyoung Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jungsu S Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Jun Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Ju Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Hoon Roh
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Ram Kim
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ha-Eun Seo
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jae Myeong Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sang Won Seo
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Lee
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Duk L Na
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Noh
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea.,Department of Neurology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
| | - Jae Seung Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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9
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Gomar JJ, Tan G, Halpern J, Gordon ML, Greenwald B, Koppel J. Increased retention of tau PET ligand [ 18F]-AV1451 in Alzheimer's Disease Psychosis. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:82. [PMID: 35217635 PMCID: PMC8881582 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01850-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychosis in Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents a distinct disease subtype with a more rapid progression of illness evidenced by an increased velocity of cognitive decline and a hastened mortality. Previous biomarker and post-mortem studies have implicated tau neuropathology as a possible mediator of the accelerated decline in AD psychosis. Tau positron emission tomography (PET) neuroimaging provides the opportunity to evaluate tau pathology in-vivo, so that clinical symptomatology can be correlated with disease pathology. [18F]-AV1451 (Flortaucipir) is a PET ligand with high affinity for insoluble paired-helical filaments (PHFs) of hyperphosphorylated tau. In order to determine whether the development of psychosis and worsened prognosis in AD is associated with an increased burden of tau pathology that can be identified with tau imaging, we identified subjects within the Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative (ADNI) who had [18F]-AV1451 imaging at baseline and became psychotic over the course of the study (N = 17) and matched them 1:3 for gender, age, and education to subjects who had [18F]-AV1451 imaging at baseline and did not become psychotic (N = 50). We compared baseline [18F]-AV1451 retention, in addition to cognitive and functional baseline and longitudinal change, in those who became psychotic over the course of participation in ADNI with those who did not. Results suggest that increases in tau pathology in frontal, medial temporal, and occipital cortices, visualized with [18F]-AV1451 binding, are associated with psychosis and a more rapid cognitive and functional decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. J. Gomar
- grid.250903.d0000 0000 9566 0634Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhassett, NY USA
| | - G. Tan
- grid.250903.d0000 0000 9566 0634Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhassett, NY USA
| | - J. Halpern
- grid.250903.d0000 0000 9566 0634Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhassett, NY USA
| | - M. L. Gordon
- grid.250903.d0000 0000 9566 0634Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhassett, NY USA ,grid.416477.70000 0001 2168 3646Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY USA
| | - B. Greenwald
- grid.416477.70000 0001 2168 3646Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY USA
| | - J. Koppel
- grid.250903.d0000 0000 9566 0634Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhassett, NY USA ,grid.416477.70000 0001 2168 3646Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY USA
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10
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18F-FDG-PET correlates of aging and disease course in ALS as revealed by distinct PVC approaches. Eur J Radiol Open 2022; 9:100394. [PMID: 35059473 PMCID: PMC8760536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2022.100394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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11
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Ibaraki M, Matsubara K, Shinohara Y, Shidahara M, Sato K, Yamamoto H, Kinoshita T. Brain partial volume correction with point spreading function reconstruction in high-resolution digital PET: comparison with an MR-based method in FDG imaging. Ann Nucl Med 2022; 36:717-727. [PMID: 35616808 PMCID: PMC9304042 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-022-01753-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In quantitative positron emission tomography (PET) of the brain, partial volume effect due mainly to the finite spatial resolution of the PET scanner (> 3 mm full width at half maximum [FWHM]) is a primary source of error in the measurement of tracer uptake, especially in small structures such as the cerebral cortex (typically < 3 mm thickness). The aim of this study was to evaluate the partial volume correction (PVC) performance of point spread function-incorporated reconstruction (PSF reconstruction) in combination with the latest digital PET scanner. This evaluation was performed through direct comparisons with magnetic resonance imaging (MR)-based PVC (used as a reference method) in a human brain study. METHODS Ten healthy subjects underwent brain 18F-FDG PET (30-min acquisition) on a digital PET/CT system (Siemens Biograph Vision, 3.5-mm FWHM scanner resolution at the center of the field of view) and anatomical T1-weighted MR imaging for MR-based PVC. PSF reconstruction was applied with a wide range of iterations (4 to 256; 5 subsets). FDG uptake in the cerebral cortex was evaluated using the standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) and compared between PSF reconstruction and MR-based PVC. RESULTS Cortical structures were visualized by PSF reconstruction with several tens of iterations and were anatomically well matched with the MR-derived cortical segments. Higher numbers of iterations resulted in higher cortical SUVRs, which approached those of MR-based PVC (1.76), although even with the maximum number of iterations they were still smaller by 16% (1.47), corresponding to approximately 1.5-mm FWHM of the effective spatial resolution. CONCLUSION With the latest digital PET scanner, PSF reconstruction can be used as a PVC technique in brain PET, albeit with suboptimal resolution recovery. A relative advantage of PSF reconstruction is that it can be applied not only to cerebral cortical regions, but also to various small structures such as small brain nuclei that are hardly visualized on anatomical T1-weighted imaging, and thus hardly recovered by MR-based PVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Ibaraki
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Akita Research Institute of Brain and Blood Vessels, 6-10 Senshu-Kubota Machi, Akita, 010-0874 Japan
| | - Keisuke Matsubara
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Akita Research Institute of Brain and Blood Vessels, 6-10 Senshu-Kubota Machi, Akita, 010-0874 Japan ,Department of Management Science and Engineering, Faculty of System Science and Technology, Akita Prefectural University, Yurihonjo, Japan
| | - Yuki Shinohara
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Akita Research Institute of Brain and Blood Vessels, 6-10 Senshu-Kubota Machi, Akita, 010-0874 Japan
| | - Miho Shidahara
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kaoru Sato
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Akita Research Institute of Brain and Blood Vessels, 6-10 Senshu-Kubota Machi, Akita, 010-0874 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Akita Research Institute of Brain and Blood Vessels, 6-10 Senshu-Kubota Machi, Akita, 010-0874 Japan
| | - Toshibumi Kinoshita
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Akita Research Institute of Brain and Blood Vessels, 6-10 Senshu-Kubota Machi, Akita, 010-0874 Japan
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12
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Gao Y, Zhu Y, Bilgel M, Ashrafinia S, Lu L, Rahmim A. Voxel-based partial volume correction of PET images via subtle MRI guided non-local means regularization. Phys Med 2021; 89:129-139. [PMID: 34365117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Positron emission tomography (PET) images tend to be significantly degraded by the partial volume effect (PVE) resulting from the limited spatial resolution of the reconstructed images. Our purpose is to propose a partial volume correction (PVC) method to tackle this issue. METHODS In the present work, we explore a voxel-based PVC method under the least squares framework (LS) employing anatomical non-local means (NLMA) regularization. The well-known non-local means (NLM) filter utilizes the high degree of information redundancy that typically exists in images, and is typically used to directly reduce image noise by replacing each voxel intensity with a weighted average of its non-local neighbors. Here we explore NLM as a regularization term within iterative-deconvolution model to perform PVC. Further, an anatomical-guided version of NLM was proposed that incorporates MRI information into NLM to improve resolution and suppress image noise. The proposed approach makes subtle usage of the accompanying MRI information to define a more appropriate search space within the prior model. To optimize the regularized LS objective function, we used the Gauss-Seidel (GS) algorithm with the one-step-late (OSL) technique. RESULTS After the import of NLMA, the visual and quality results are all improved. With a visual check, we notice that NLMA reduce the noise compared to other PVC methods. This is also validated in bias-noise curve compared to non-MRI-guided PVC framework. We can see NLMA gives better bias-noise trade-off compared to other PVC methods. CONCLUSIONS Our efforts were evaluated in the base of amyloid brain PET imaging using the BrainWeb phantom and in vivo human data. We also compared our method with other PVC methods. Overall, we demonstrated the value of introducing subtle MRI-guidance in the regularization process, the proposed NLMA method resulting in promising visual as well as quantitative performance improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Gao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China; Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Yansong Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Murat Bilgel
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 20892, USA
| | - Saeed Ashrafinia
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Lijun Lu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Arman Rahmim
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada.
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13
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Zhu Y, Bilgel M, Gao Y, Rousset OG, Resnick SM, Wong DF, Rahmim A. Deconvolution-based partial volume correction of PET images with parallel level set regularization. Phys Med Biol 2021; 66. [PMID: 34157707 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac0d8f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The partial volume effect (PVE), caused by the limited spatial resolution of positron emission tomography (PET), degrades images both qualitatively and quantitatively. Anatomical information provided by magnetic resonance (MR) images has the potential to play an important role in partial volume correction (PVC) methods. Post-reconstruction MR-guided PVC methods typically use segmented MR tissue maps, and further, assume that PET activity distribution is uniform in each region, imposing considerable constraints through anatomical guidance. In this work, we present a post-reconstruction PVC method based on deconvolution with parallel level set (PLS) regularization. We frame the problem as an iterative deconvolution task with PLS regularization that incorporates anatomical information without requiring MR segmentation or assuming uniformity of PET distributions within regions. An efficient algorithm for non-smooth optimization of the objective function (invoking split Bregman framework) is developed so that the proposed method can be feasibly applied to 3D images and produces sharper images compared to PLS method with smooth optimization. The proposed method was evaluated together with several other PVC methods using both realistic simulation experiments based on the BrainWeb phantom as well asin vivohuman data. Our proposed method showed enhanced quantitative performance when realistic MR guidance was provided. Further, the proposed method is able to reduce image noise while preserving structure details onin vivohuman data, and shows the potential to better differentiate amyloid positive and amyloid negative scans. Overall, our results demonstrate promise to provide superior performance in clinical imaging scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansong Zhu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.,Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Murat Bilgel
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Yuanyuan Gao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Olivier G Rousset
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Dean F Wong
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Arman Rahmim
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.,Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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14
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Hybrid 2-[18F] FDG PET/MRI in premanifest Huntington's disease gene-expansion carriers: The significance of partial volume correction. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252683. [PMID: 34115782 PMCID: PMC8195345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Huntington’s disease (HD) is an inherited, progressive neurodegenerative disease that has no cure. Striatal atrophy and hypometabolism has been described in HD as far as 15 years before clinical onset and therefore structural and functional imaging biomarkers are the most applied biomarker modalities which call for these to be exact; however, most studies are not considering the partial volume effect and thereby tend to overestimate metabolic reductions, which may bias imaging outcome measures of interventions. Objective Evaluation of partial volume effects in a cohort of premanifest HD gene-expansion carriers (HDGECs). Methods 21 HDGECs and 17 controls had a hybrid 2-[18F]FDG PET/MRI scan performed. Volume measurements and striatal metabolism, both corrected and uncorrected for partial volume effect were correlated to an estimate of disease burden, the CAG age product scaled (CAPS). Results We found significantly reduced striatal metabolism in HDGECs, but not in striatal volume. There was a negative correlation between the CAPS and striatal metabolism, both corrected and uncorrected for the partial volume effect. The partial volume effect was largest in the smallest structures and increased the difference in metabolism between the HDGEC with high and low CAPS scores. Statistical parametric mapping confirmed the results. Conclusions A hybrid 2-[18F]FDG PET/MRI scan provides simultaneous information on structure and metabolism. Using this approach for the first time on HDGECs, we highlight the importance of partial volume effect correction in order not to underestimate the standardized uptake value and thereby the risk of overestimating the metabolic effect on the striatal structures, which potentially could bias studies determining imaging outcome measures of interventions in HDGECs and probably also symptomatic HD.
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15
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Zhang YD, Dong Z, Wang SH, Yu X, Yao X, Zhou Q, Hu H, Li M, Jiménez-Mesa C, Ramirez J, Martinez FJ, Gorriz JM. Advances in multimodal data fusion in neuroimaging: Overview, challenges, and novel orientation. AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON INFORMATION FUSION 2020; 64:149-187. [PMID: 32834795 PMCID: PMC7366126 DOI: 10.1016/j.inffus.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal fusion in neuroimaging combines data from multiple imaging modalities to overcome the fundamental limitations of individual modalities. Neuroimaging fusion can achieve higher temporal and spatial resolution, enhance contrast, correct imaging distortions, and bridge physiological and cognitive information. In this study, we analyzed over 450 references from PubMed, Google Scholar, IEEE, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and various sources published from 1978 to 2020. We provide a review that encompasses (1) an overview of current challenges in multimodal fusion (2) the current medical applications of fusion for specific neurological diseases, (3) strengths and limitations of available imaging modalities, (4) fundamental fusion rules, (5) fusion quality assessment methods, and (6) the applications of fusion for atlas-based segmentation and quantification. Overall, multimodal fusion shows significant benefits in clinical diagnosis and neuroscience research. Widespread education and further research amongst engineers, researchers and clinicians will benefit the field of multimodal neuroimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Dong Zhang
- School of Informatics, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, Leicestershire, UK
- Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhengchao Dong
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Shui-Hua Wang
- Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- School of Architecture Building and Civil engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
- School of Mathematics and Actuarial Science, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Xiang Yu
- School of Informatics, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Xujing Yao
- School of Informatics, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- School of Informatics, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Hua Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, USA
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, USA
- School of Internet of Things, Hohai University, Changzhou, China
| | - Carmen Jiménez-Mesa
- Department of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Ramirez
- Department of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco J Martinez
- Department of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Gorriz
- Department of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB21TN, UK
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16
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Iterative framework for image registration and partial volume correction in brain positron emission tomography. Radiol Phys Technol 2020; 13:348-357. [PMID: 33074484 PMCID: PMC7688593 DOI: 10.1007/s12194-020-00591-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Imprecise registration between positron emission tomography (PET) and anatomical magnetic resonance (MR) images is a critical source of error in MR imaging-guided partial volume correction (MR-PVC). Here, we propose a novel framework for image registration and partial volume correction, which we term PVC-optimized registration (PoR), to address imprecise registration. The PoR framework iterates PVC and registration between uncorrected PET and smoothed PV-corrected images to obtain precise registration. We applied PoR to the [11C]PiB PET data of 92 participants obtained from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database and compared the registration results, PV-corrected standardized uptake value (SUV) and its ratio to the cerebellum (SUVR), and intra-region coefficient of variation (CoV) between PoR and conventional registration. Significant differences in registration of as much as 2.74 mm and 3.02° were observed between the two methods (effect size < − 0.8 or > 0.8), which resulted in considerable SUVR differences throughout the brain, reaching a maximal difference of 62.3% in the sensory motor cortex. Intra-region CoV was significantly reduced using the PoR throughout the brain. These results suggest that PoR reduces error as a result of imprecise registration in PVC and is a useful method for accurately quantifying the amyloid burden in PET.
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17
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Chen S, Yan D, Qin A, Maniawski P, Krauss DJ, Wilson GD. Effect of uncertainties in quantitative 18 F-FDG PET/CT imaging feedback for intratumoral dose-response assessment and dose painting by number. Med Phys 2020; 47:5681-5692. [PMID: 32966627 DOI: 10.1002/mp.14482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Intratumoral dose response can be detected using serial fluoro-2-deoxyglucose-(FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging feedback during treatment and used to guide adaptive dose painting by number (DPbN). However, to reliably implement this technique, the effect of uncertainties in quantitative PET/CT imaging feedback on tumor voxel dose-response assessment and DPbN needs to be determined and reduced. METHODS Three major uncertainties, induced by (a) PET imaging partial volume effect (PVE) and (b) tumor deformable image registration (DIR), and (c) variation of the time interval between FDG injection and PET image acquisition (TI), were determined using serial FDG-PET/CT images acquired during chemoradiotherapy of 18 head and neck cancer patients. PET imaging PVE was simulated using the discrepancy between with and without iterative deconvolution-based PVE corrections. Effect of tumor DIR uncertainty was simulated using the discrepancy between two DIR algorithms, including one with and one without soft-tissue mechanical correction for the voxel displacement. The effect of TI variation was simulated using linear interpolation on the dual-point PET/CT images. Tumor voxel pretreatment metabolic activity (SUV0 ) and dose-response matrix (DRM) discrepancies induced by each of the three uncertainties were quantified, respectively. Adverse effects of tumor voxel SUV0 and DRM discrepancies on tumor control probability (TCP) in DPbN were assessed. RESULTS Partial volume effect and TI variations of 10 mins induced a mean ± standard deviation (SD) of tumor voxel SUV0 discrepancies to be -0.7% ± 9.2% and 0% ± 4.8%, respectively. Tumor voxel DRM discrepancies induced by PVE, tumor DIR discrepancy, and TI variations were 0.6% ± 8.9%, 1.7% ± 9.1%, and 0% ± 7%, respectively. Partial volume effect induced SUV0 and DRM discrepancies correlated significantly with the tumor shape and FDG uptake heterogeneity. Tumor DIR uncertainty-induced DRM discrepancy correlated significantly with the tumor volume and shrinkage during treatment. Among the three uncertainties, PVE dominated the adverse effects on the TCP, with a mean ± SD of TCP reduction to be 12.7% ± 9.8% for all tumors if no compensation was applied for. CONCLUSIONS Effect of uncertainties in quantitative FDG-PET/CT imaging feedback on intratumoral dose-response quantification was not negligible. These uncertainties primarily caused by PVE and tumor DIR were highly dependent on individual tumor shape, volume, shrinkage during treatment, and pretreatment SUV heterogeneity, which can be managed individually. The adverse effects of these uncertainties could be minimized by using proper PVE corrections and DIR methods and compensated for in the clinical implementation of DPbN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shupeng Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA.,Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Di Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA
| | - An Qin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA
| | - Piotr Maniawski
- Advanced Molecular Imaging, Philips, Cleveland, OH, 44143, USA
| | - Daniel J Krauss
- Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA
| | - George D Wilson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA
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18
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Wang T, Lei Y, Fu Y, Curran WJ, Liu T, Nye JA, Yang X. Machine learning in quantitative PET: A review of attenuation correction and low-count image reconstruction methods. Phys Med 2020; 76:294-306. [PMID: 32738777 PMCID: PMC7484241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid expansion of machine learning is offering a new wave of opportunities for nuclear medicine. This paper reviews applications of machine learning for the study of attenuation correction (AC) and low-count image reconstruction in quantitative positron emission tomography (PET). Specifically, we present the developments of machine learning methodology, ranging from random forest and dictionary learning to the latest convolutional neural network-based architectures. For application in PET attenuation correction, two general strategies are reviewed: 1) generating synthetic CT from MR or non-AC PET for the purposes of PET AC, and 2) direct conversion from non-AC PET to AC PET. For low-count PET reconstruction, recent deep learning-based studies and the potential advantages over conventional machine learning-based methods are presented and discussed. In each application, the proposed methods, study designs and performance of published studies are listed and compared with a brief discussion. Finally, the overall contributions and remaining challenges are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonghe Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yang Lei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yabo Fu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Walter J Curran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tian Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jonathon A Nye
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Zhu Y, Zhu X. MRI-Driven PET Image Optimization for Neurological Applications. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:782. [PMID: 31417346 PMCID: PMC6684790 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are established imaging modalities for the study of neurological disorders, such as epilepsy, dementia, psychiatric disorders and so on. Since these two available modalities vary in imaging principle and physical performance, each technique has its own advantages and disadvantages over the other. To acquire the mutual complementary information and reinforce each other, there is a need for the fusion of PET and MRI. This combined dual-modality (either sequential or simultaneous) could generate preferable soft tissue contrast of brain tissue, flexible acquisition parameters, and minimized exposure to radiation. The most unique superiority of PET/MRI is mainly manifested in MRI-based improvement for the inherent limitations of PET, such as motion artifacts, partial volume effect (PVE) and invasive procedure in quantitative analysis. Head motion during scanning significantly deteriorates the effective resolution of PET image, especially for the dynamic scan with lengthy time. Hybrid PET/MRI device can offer motion correction (MC) for PET data through MRI information acquired simultaneously. Regarding the PVE associated with limited spatial resolution, the process and reconstruction of PET data can be further optimized by using acquired MRI either sequentially or simultaneously. The quantitative analysis of dynamic PET data mainly relies upon an invasive arterial blood sampling procedure to acquire arterial input function (AIF). An image-derived input function (IDIF) method without the need of arterial cannulization, can serve as a potential alternative estimation of AIF. Compared with using PET data only, combining anatomical or functional information from MRI for improving the accuracy in IDIF approach has been demonstrated. Yet, due to the interference and inherent disparity between the two modalities, these methods for optimizing PET image based on MRI still have many technical challenges. This review discussed upon the most recent progress, current challenges and future directions of MRI-driven PET data optimization for neurological applications, with either sequential or simultaneous acquisition approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuankai Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Schwarz CG, Gunter JL, Lowe VJ, Weigand S, Vemuri P, Senjem ML, Petersen RC, Knopman DS, Jack CR. A Comparison of Partial Volume Correction Techniques for Measuring Change in Serial Amyloid PET SUVR. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 67:181-195. [PMID: 30475770 PMCID: PMC6398556 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Longitudinal PET studies in aging and Alzheimer's disease populations rely on accurate and precise measurements of change over time from serial PET scans. Various methods for partial volume correction (PVC) are commonly applied to such studies, but existing comparisons and validations of these PVC methods have focused on cross-sectional measurements. Rate of change measurements inherently have smaller magnitudes than cross-sectional measurements, so levels of noise amplification due to PVC must be smaller, and it is necessary to re-evaluate methods in this context. Here we compare the relative precision in longitudinal measurements from serial amyloid PET scans when using geometric transfer matrix (GTM) PVC versus the traditional two-compartment (Meltzer-style), three-compartment (Müller-Gärtner-style), and no-PVC approaches. We used two independent implementations of standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) measurement and PVC (one in-house pipeline based on SPM12 and ANTs, and one using FreeSurfer 6.0). For each approach, we also tested longitudinal-specific variants. Overall, we found that measurements using GTM PVC had significantly worse relative precision (unexplained within-subject variability ≈4-8%) than those using two-compartment, three-compartment, or no PVC (≈2-4%). Longitudinally-stabilized approaches did not improve these properties. This data suggests that GTM PVC methods may be less suitable than traditional approaches when measuring within-person change over time in longitudinal amyloid PET.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey L. Gunter
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Information Technology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Val J. Lowe
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Stephen Weigand
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biostatistics, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Prashanthi Vemuri
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Matthew L. Senjem
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Information Technology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - David S. Knopman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Clifford R. Jack
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
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Bevan-Jones WR, Cope TE, Jones PS, Passamonti L, Hong YT, Fryer TD, Arnold R, Allinson KSJ, Coles JP, Aigbirhio FI, Patterson K, O'Brien JT, Rowe JB. [ 18F]AV-1451 binding in vivo mirrors the expected distribution of TDP-43 pathology in the semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2018; 89:1032-1037. [PMID: 28912300 PMCID: PMC6166613 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2017-316402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Semantic dementia, including the semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia (svPPA), is strongly associated with TAR-DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) type C pathology. It provides a useful model in which to test the specificity of in vivo binding of the putative tau ligand [18F]AV-1451, which is elevated in frontotemporal lobar degeneration tauopathies. METHODS AND RESULTS Seven patients (five with svPPA and two with 'right' semantic dementia) and 12 healthy controls underwent positron emission tomography brain imaging with [18F]AV-1451. Two independent preprocessing methods were used. For both methods, all patients had clearly elevated binding potential (BPND (non-displaceable binding potential)) in temporal lobes, lateralising according to their clinical syndrome and evident in raw images. Region of interest analyses confirmed that BPND was significantly increased in temporal regions, insula and fusiform gyrus, consistent with those areas known to be most affected in semantic dementia. Hierarchical cluster analysis, based on the distribution of [18F]AV-1451 binding potential, separated semantic dementia from controls with 86% sensitivity and 100% specificity. CONCLUSIONS [18F]AV-1451 binds in vivo regions that are likely to contain TDP-43 and not significant tau pathology. While this suggests a non-tau target for [18F]AV-1451, the pathological regions in semantic dementia do not normally contain significant levels of recently proposed 'off target' binding sites for [18F]AV-1451, such as neuronal monoamine oxidase or neuromelanin. Postmortem and longitudinal data will be useful to assess the utility of [18F]AV-1451 to differentiate and track different types of frontotemporal lobar degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Bevan-Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas E Cope
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - P Simon Jones
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Luca Passamonti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Young T Hong
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tim D Fryer
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Karalyn Patterson
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | - John T O'Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James B Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK
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Lowe VJ, Lundt ES, Senjem ML, Schwarz CG, Min HK, Przybelski SA, Kantarci K, Knopman D, Petersen RC, Jack CR. White Matter Reference Region in PET Studies of 11C-Pittsburgh Compound B Uptake: Effects of Age and Amyloid-β Deposition. J Nucl Med 2018; 59:1583-1589. [PMID: 29674420 PMCID: PMC6167534 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.204271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition as seen on PET using an Aβ-binding agent is a critical diagnostic biomarker for Alzheimer disease (AD). Some reports suggest using white matter (WM) as a reference region for quantification of serial Aβ PET studies; however, nonspecific WM retention in Aβ PET in people with dementia or cognitively unimpaired (CU) has been widely reported and is poorly understood. Methods: To investigate the suitability of WM as a reference region and the factors affecting WM 11C-Pittsburgh compound B (11C-PiB) uptake variability, we conducted a retrospective study on 2 large datasets: a longitudinal study of participants (n = 577) who were CU, had mild cognitive impairment, or had dementia likely due to AD; and a cross-sectional study of single-scan PET imaging in CU subjects (n = 1,349). In the longitudinal study, annual changes in WM 11C-PiB uptake were assessed, and in the cross-sectional study, WM 11C-PiB uptake was assessed relative to subject age. Results: Overall, we found that WM 11C-PiB uptake showed age-related increases, which varied with the WM regions selected. Further, variable annual WM 11C-PiB uptake changes were seen with different gray matter (GM) 11C-PiB baseline uptake levels. Conclusion: WM binding increases with age and varies with GM 11C-PiB. These correlations should be considered when using WM for normalization in 11C-PiB PET studies. The cerebellar crus1+crus2 showed no increase with age and cerebellar GM+WM showed minimal increase, supporting their use as reference regions for cross-sectional studies comparing wide age spans. In longitudinal studies, the increase in WM uptake may be minimal in the short-term and thus using WM as a reference region in these studies seems reasonable. However, as participants age, the findings may be affected by changes in WM uptake. Changes in WM 11C-PiB uptake may relate to disease progression, warranting examination of the causes of WM 11C-PiB uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Val J Lowe
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Emily S Lundt
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Matthew L Senjem
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Information Technology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | | | - Hoon-Ki Min
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Scott A Przybelski
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kejal Kantarci
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - David Knopman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Southekal S, Devous MD, Kennedy I, Navitsky M, Lu M, Joshi AD, Pontecorvo MJ, Mintun MA. Flortaucipir F 18 Quantitation Using Parametric Estimation of Reference Signal Intensity. J Nucl Med 2017; 59:944-951. [PMID: 29191858 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PET imaging of tau pathology in Alzheimer disease may benefit from the use of white matter reference regions. These regions have shown reduced variability compared with conventional cerebellar regions in amyloid imaging. However, they are susceptible to contamination from partial-volume blurring of tracer uptake in the cortex. We present a new technique, PERSI (Parametric Estimation of Reference Signal Intensity), for flortaucipir F 18 count normalization that leverages the advantages of white matter reference regions while mitigating potential partial-volume effects. Methods: Subjects with a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer disease, mild cognitive impairment, or normal cognition underwent T1-weighted MRI and florbetapir imaging (to determine amyloid [Aβ] status) at screening and flortaucipir F 18 imaging at single or multiple time points. Flortaucipir F 18 images, acquired as 4 × 5 min frames 80 min after a 370-MBq injection, were motion-corrected, averaged, and transformed to Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) space. The PERSI reference region was calculated for each scan by fitting a bimodal gaussian distribution to the voxel-intensity histogram within an atlas-based white matter region and using the center and width of the lower-intensity peak to identify the voxel intensities to be included. Four conventional reference regions were also evaluated: whole cerebellum, cerebellar gray matter, atlas-based white matter, and subject-specific white matter. SUVr (standardized uptake value ratio) was calculated for a statistically defined neocortical volume of interest. Performance was evaluated with respect to test-retest variability in a phase 2 study of 21 subjects (5-34 d between scans). Baseline variability in controls (SD of SUVr and ΔSUVr) and effect sizes for group differences (Cohen d; Aβ-positive impaired vs. Aβ-negative normal) were evaluated in another phase 2 study with cross-sectional data (n = 215) and longitudinal data (n = 142/215; 18 ± 2 mo between scans). Results: PERSI showed superior test-retest reproducibility (1.84%) and group separation ability (cross-sectional Cohen d = 9.45; longitudinal Cohen d = 2.34) compared with other reference regions. Baseline SUVr variability and ΔSUVr were minimal in Aβ control subjects with no specific flortaucipir F 18 uptake (SUVr, 1.0 ± 0.04; ΔSUVr, 0.0 ± 0.02). Conclusion: PERSI reduced variability while enhancing discrimination between diagnostic cohorts. Such improvements could lead to more accurate disease staging and robust measurements of changes in tau burden over time for the evaluation of putative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeepti Southekal
- Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, Inc. (a wholly owned subsidiary of Eli Lilly and Company), Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Michael D Devous
- Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, Inc. (a wholly owned subsidiary of Eli Lilly and Company), Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Ian Kennedy
- Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, Inc. (a wholly owned subsidiary of Eli Lilly and Company), Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Michael Navitsky
- Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, Inc. (a wholly owned subsidiary of Eli Lilly and Company), Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Ming Lu
- Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, Inc. (a wholly owned subsidiary of Eli Lilly and Company), Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Abhinay D Joshi
- Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, Inc. (a wholly owned subsidiary of Eli Lilly and Company), Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Michael J Pontecorvo
- Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, Inc. (a wholly owned subsidiary of Eli Lilly and Company), Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Mark A Mintun
- Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, Inc. (a wholly owned subsidiary of Eli Lilly and Company), Philadelphia Pennsylvania
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Cysouw MC, Kramer GM, Hoekstra OS, Frings V, de Langen AJ, Smit EF, van den Eertwegh AJ, Oprea-Lager DE, Boellaard R. Accuracy and Precision of Partial-Volume Correction in Oncological PET/CT Studies. J Nucl Med 2016; 57:1642-1649. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.173831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Greve DN, Salat DH, Bowen SL, Izquierdo-Garcia D, Schultz AP, Catana C, Becker JA, Svarer C, Knudsen GM, Sperling RA, Johnson KA. Different partial volume correction methods lead to different conclusions: An (18)F-FDG-PET study of aging. Neuroimage 2016; 132:334-343. [PMID: 26915497 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A cross-sectional group study of the effects of aging on brain metabolism as measured with (18)F-FDG-PET was performed using several different partial volume correction (PVC) methods: no correction (NoPVC), Meltzer (MZ), Müller-Gärtner (MG), and the symmetric geometric transfer matrix (SGTM) using 99 subjects aged 65-87years from the Harvard Aging Brain study. Sensitivity to parameter selection was tested for MZ and MG. The various methods and parameter settings resulted in an extremely wide range of conclusions as to the effects of age on metabolism, from almost no changes to virtually all of cortical regions showing a decrease with age. Simulations showed that NoPVC had significant bias that made the age effect on metabolism appear to be much larger and more significant than it is. MZ was found to be the same as NoPVC for liberal brain masks; for conservative brain masks, MZ showed few areas correlated with age. MG and SGTM were found to be similar; however, MG was sensitive to a thresholding parameter that can result in data loss. CSF uptake was surprisingly high at about 15% of that in gray matter. The exclusion of CSF from SGTM and MG models, which is almost universally done, caused a substantial loss in the power to detect age-related changes. This diversity of results reflects the literature on the metabolism of aging and suggests that extreme care should be taken when applying PVC or interpreting results that have been corrected for partial volume effects. Using the SGTM, significant age-related changes of about 7% per decade were found in frontal and cingulate cortices as well as primary visual and insular cortices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas N Greve
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Radiology Department, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - David H Salat
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Neuroimaging Research for Veterans Center, VA Boston Healthcare, USA
| | - Spencer L Bowen
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Izquierdo-Garcia
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron P Schultz
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ciprian Catana
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Alex Becker
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Claus Svarer
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Reisa A Sperling
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keith A Johnson
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Thulborn KR, Lui E, Guntin J, Jamil S, Sun Z, Claiborne T, Atkinson IC. Quantitative sodium MRI of the human brain at 9.4 T provides assessment of tissue sodium concentration and cell volume fraction during normal aging. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 29:137-43. [PMID: 26058461 PMCID: PMC4674376 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Sodium ion homeostasis is a fundamental property of viable tissue, allowing the tissue sodium concentration to be modeled as the tissue cell volume fraction. The modern neuropathology literature using ex vivo tissue from selected brain regions indicates that human brain cell density remains constant during normal aging and attributes the volume loss that occurs with advancing age to changes in neuronal size and dendritic arborization. Quantitative sodium MRI performed with the enhanced sensitivity of ultrahigh-field 9.4 T has been used to investigate tissue cell volume fraction during normal aging. This cross-sectional study (n = 49; 21-80 years) finds that the in vivo tissue cell volume fraction remains constant in all regions of the brain with advancing age in individuals who remain cognitively normal, extending the ex vivo literature reporting constant neuronal cell density across the normal adult age range. Cell volume fraction, as measured by quantitative sodium MRI, is decreased in diseases of cell loss, such as stroke, on a time scale of minutes to hours, and in response to treatment of brain tumors on a time scale of days to weeks. Neurodegenerative diseases often have prodromal periods of decades in which regional neuronal cell loss occurs prior to clinical presentation. If tissue cell volume fraction can detect such early pathology, this quantitative parameter may permit the objective measurement of preclinical disease progression. This current study in cognitively normal aging individuals provides the basis for the pursuance of investigations directed towards such neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith R. Thulborn
- Correspondence to: K. Thulborn, University of Illinois at Chicago, Center for MR Research, 1801 West Taylor St., MC 707, Suite 1307, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Elaine Lui
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Radiology, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Jonathan Guntin
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Center for MR Research, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Saad Jamil
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Center for MR Research, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ziqi Sun
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Center for MR Research, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Theodore Claiborne
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Center for MR Research, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ian C. Atkinson
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Center for MR Research, Chicago, IL, USA
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Yan J, Lim JCS, Townsend DW. MRI-guided brain PET image filtering and partial volume correction. Phys Med Biol 2015; 60:961-76. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/3/961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Funck T, Paquette C, Evans A, Thiel A. Surface-based partial-volume correction for high-resolution PET. Neuroimage 2014; 102 Pt 2:674-87. [PMID: 25175542 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue radioactivity concentrations, measured with positron emission tomography (PET) are subject to partial volume effects (PVE) due to the limited spatial resolution of the scanner. Last generation high-resolution PET cameras with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 2-4mm are less prone to PVEs than previous generations. Corrections for PVEs are still necessary, especially when studying small brain stem nuclei or small variations in cortical neuroreceptor concentrations which may be related to cytoarchitectonic differences. Although several partial-volume correction (PVC) algorithms exist, these are frequently based on a priori assumptions about tracer distribution or only yield corrected values of regional activity concentrations without providing PVE corrected images. We developed a new iterative deconvolution algorithm (idSURF) for PVC of PET images that aims to overcome these limitations by using two innovative techniques: 1) the incorporation of anatomic information from a cortical gray matter surface representation, extracted from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 2) the use of anatomically constrained filtering to attenuate noise. PVE corrected images were generated with idSURF implemented into a non-interactive processing pipeline. idSURF was validated using simulated and clinical PET data sets and compared to a frequently used standard PVC method (Geometric Transfer Matrix: GTM). The results on simulated data sets show that idSURF consistently recovers accurate radiotracer concentrations within 1-5% of true values. Both radiotracer concentrations and non-displaceable binding potential (BPnd) values derived from clinical PET data sets with idSURF were highly correlated with those obtained with the standard PVC method (R(2) = 0.99, error = 0%-3.2%). These results suggest that idSURF is a valid and potentially clinically useful PVC method for automatic processing of large numbers of PET data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Funck
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Jewish General Hospital, Montreal Canada
| | - Caroline Paquette
- Jewish General Hospital, Montreal Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alan Evans
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alexander Thiel
- Jewish General Hospital, Montreal Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal, Canada.
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Region-Based Partial Volume Correction Techniques for PET Imaging: Sinogram Implementation and Robustness. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR IMAGING 2013; 2013:435959. [PMID: 24455241 PMCID: PMC3877626 DOI: 10.1155/2013/435959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background/Purpose. Limited spatial resolution of positron emission tomography (PET) requires partial volume correction (PVC). Region-based PVC methods are based on geometric transfer matrix implemented either in image-space (GTM) or sinogram-space (GTMo), both with similar performance. Although GTMo is slower, it more closely simulates the 3D PET image acquisition, accounts for local variations of point spread function, and can be implemented for iterative reconstructions. A recent image-based symmetric GTM (sGTM) has shown improvement in noise characteristics and robustness to misregistration over GTM. This study implements the sGTM method in sinogram space (sGTMo), validates it, and evaluates its performance. Methods. Two 3D sphere and brain digital phantoms and a physical sphere phantom were used. All four region-based PVC methods (GTM, GTMo, sGTM, and sGTMo) were implemented and their performance was evaluated. Results. All four PVC methods had similar accuracies. Both noise propagation and robustness of the sGTMo method were similar to those of sGTM method while they were better than those of GTMo method especially for smaller objects. Conclusion. The sGTMo was implemented and validated. The performance of the sGTMo in terms of noise characteristics and robustness to misregistration is similar to that of the sGTM method and improved compared to the GTMo method.
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Burg S, Dupas A, Stute S, Dieudonné A, Huet P, Le Guludec D, Buvat I. Partial volume effect estimation and correction in the aortic vascular wall in PET imaging. Phys Med Biol 2013; 58:7527-42. [PMID: 24099932 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/58/21/7527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the impact of partial volume effect (PVE) in the assessment of arterial diseases with (18)FDG PET. An anthropomorphic digital phantom enabling the modeling of aorta related diseases like atherosclerosis and arteritis was used. Based on this phantom, we performed GATE Monte Carlo simulations to produce realistic PET images with a known organ segmentation and ground truth activity values. Images corresponding to 15 different activity-concentration ratios between the aortic wall and the blood and to 7 different wall thicknesses were generated. Using the PET images, we compared the theoretical wall-to-blood activity-concentration ratios (WBRs) with the measured WBRs obtained with five measurement methods: (1) measurement made by a physician (Expert), (2) automated measurement supposed to mimic the physician measurements (Max), (3) simple correction based on a recovery coefficient (Max-RC), (4) measurement based on an ideal VOI segmentation (Mean-VOI) and (5) measurement corrected for PVE using an ideal geometric transfer matrix (GTM) method. We found that Mean-VOI WBRs values were strongly affected by PVE. WBRs obtained by the physician measurement, by the Max method and by the Max-RC method were more accurate than WBRs obtained with the Mean-VOI approach. However Expert, Max and Max-RC WBRs strongly depended on the wall thickness. Only the GTM corrected WBRs did not depend on the wall thickness. Using the GTM method, we obtained more reproducible ratio values that could be compared across wall thickness. Yet, the feasibility of the implementation of a GTM-like method on real data remains to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Burg
- APHP-Service de médecine nucléaire, Hôpital Bichat-Claude-Bernard, F-75018 Paris, France
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Bowen SL, Byars LG, Michel CJ, Chonde DB, Catana C. Influence of the partial volume correction method on (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose brain kinetic modelling from dynamic PET images reconstructed with resolution model based OSEM. Phys Med Biol 2013; 58:7081-106. [PMID: 24052021 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/58/20/7081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Kinetic parameters estimated from dynamic (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) PET acquisitions have been used frequently to assess brain function in humans. Neglecting partial volume correction (PVC) for a dynamic series has been shown to produce significant bias in model estimates. Accurate PVC requires a space-variant model describing the reconstructed image spatial point spread function (PSF) that accounts for resolution limitations, including non-uniformities across the field of view due to the parallax effect. For ordered subsets expectation maximization (OSEM), image resolution convergence is local and influenced significantly by the number of iterations, the count density, and background-to-target ratio. As both count density and background-to-target values for a brain structure can change during a dynamic scan, the local image resolution may also concurrently vary. When PVC is applied post-reconstruction the kinetic parameter estimates may be biased when neglecting the frame-dependent resolution. We explored the influence of the PVC method and implementation on kinetic parameters estimated by fitting (18)F-FDG dynamic data acquired on a dedicated brain PET scanner and reconstructed with and without PSF modelling in the OSEM algorithm. The performance of several PVC algorithms was quantified with a phantom experiment, an anthropomorphic Monte Carlo simulation, and a patient scan. Using the last frame reconstructed image only for regional spread function (RSF) generation, as opposed to computing RSFs for each frame independently, and applying perturbation geometric transfer matrix PVC with PSF based OSEM produced the lowest magnitude bias kinetic parameter estimates in most instances, although at the cost of increased noise compared to the PVC methods utilizing conventional OSEM. Use of the last frame RSFs for PVC with no PSF modelling in the OSEM algorithm produced the lowest bias in cerebral metabolic rate of glucose estimates, although by less than 5% in most cases compared to the other PVC methods. The results indicate that the PVC implementation and choice of PSF modelling in the reconstruction can significantly impact model parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer L Bowen
- Athinoula A Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Bldg 149, Rm 2301, 13th St., Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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