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Qiu L, Jiang H, Cho K, Yu Y, Jones LA, Huang T, Perlmutter JS, Gropler RJ, Brier MR, Patti GJ, Benzinger TLS, Tu Z. Metabolite Study and Structural Authentication for the First-in-Human Use Sphingosine-1-phosphate Receptor 1 Radiotracer. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 38634759 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) radiotracer [11C]CS1P1 has shown promise in proof-of-concept PET imaging of neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis (MS). Our HPLC radiometabolite analysis of human plasma samples collected during PET scans with [11C]CS1P1 detected a radiometabolite peak that is more lipophilic than [11C]CS1P1. Radiolabeled metabolites that cross the blood-brain barrier complicate quantitative modeling of neuroimaging tracers; thus, characterizing such radiometabolites is important. Here, we report our detailed investigation of the metabolite profile of [11C]CS1P1 in rats, nonhuman primates, and humans. CS1P1 is a fluorine-containing ligand that we labeled with C-11 or F-18 for preclinical studies; the brain uptake was similar for both radiotracers. The same lipophilic radiometabolite found in human studies also was observed in plasma samples of rats and NHPs for CS1P1 labeled with either C-11 or F-18. We characterized the metabolite in detail using rats after injection of the nonradioactive CS1P1. To authenticate the molecular structure of this radiometabolite, we injected rats with 8 mg/kg of CS1P1 to collect plasma for solvent extraction and HPLC injection, followed by LC/MS analysis of the same metabolite. The LC/MS data indicated in vivo mono-oxidation of CS1P1 produces the metabolite. Subsequently, we synthesized three different mono-oxidized derivatives of CS1P1 for further investigation. Comparing the retention times of the mono-oxidized derivatives with the metabolite observed in rats injected with CS1P1 identified the metabolite as N-oxide 1, also named TZ82121. The MS fragmentation pattern of N-oxide 1 also matched that of the major metabolite in rat plasma. To confirm that metabolite TZ82121 does not enter the brain, we radiosynthesized [18F]TZ82121 by the oxidation of [18F]FS1P1. Radio-HPLC analysis confirmed that [18F]TZ82121 matched the radiometabolite observed in rat plasma post injection of [18F]FS1P1. Furthermore, the acute biodistribution study in SD rats and PET brain imaging in a nonhuman primate showed that [18F]TZ82121 does not enter the rat or nonhuman primate brain. Consequently, we concluded that the major lipophilic radiometabolite N-oxide [11C]TZ82121, detected in human plasma post injection of [11C]CS1P1, does not enter the brain to confound quantitative PET data analysis. [11C]CS1P1 is a promising S1PR1 radiotracer for detecting S1PR1 expression in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Qiu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Kevin Cho
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Metabolic Tracing, Department of Chemistry, Department of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Yanbo Yu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Lynne A Jones
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Tianyu Huang
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Joel S Perlmutter
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Robert J Gropler
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Matthew R Brier
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Gary J Patti
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Metabolic Tracing, Department of Chemistry, Department of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Tammie L S Benzinger
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Zhude Tu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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Kuchenbecker LA, Tipton PW, Martens Y, Brier MR, Satyadev N, Dunham SR, Lazar EB, Dacquel MV, Henson RL, Bu G, Geschwind MD, Morris JC, Schindler SE, Herries E, Graff-Radford NR, Day GS. Diagnostic Utility of Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Patients with Rapidly Progressive Dementia. Ann Neurol 2024; 95:299-313. [PMID: 37897306 PMCID: PMC10842089 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to apply established and emerging cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers to improve diagnostic accuracy in patients with rapidly progressive dementia (RPD). Overlap in clinical presentation and results of diagnostic tests confounds etiologic diagnosis in patients with RPD. Objective measures are needed to improve diagnostic accuracy and to recognize patients with potentially treatment-responsive causes of RPD. METHODS Biomarkers of Alzheimer disease neuropathology (amyloid-β 42/40 ratio, phosphorylated tau [p-tau181, p-tau231]), neuroaxonal/neuronal injury (neurofilament light chain [NfL], visinin-like protein-1 [VILIP-1], total tau), neuroinflammation (chitinase-3-like protein [YKL-40], soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 [sTREM2], glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP], monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1]), and synaptic dysfunction (synaptosomal-associated protein 25kDa, neurogranin) were measured in CSF obtained at presentation from 78 prospectively accrued patients with RPD due to neurodegenerative, vascular, and autoimmune/inflammatory diseases; 35 age- and sex-matched patients with typically progressive neurodegenerative disease; and 72 cognitively normal controls. Biomarker levels were compared across etiologic diagnoses, by potential treatment responsiveness, and between patients with typical and rapidly progressive presentations of neurodegenerative disease. RESULTS Alzheimer disease biomarkers were associated with neurodegenerative causes of RPD. High NfL, sTREM2, and YKL-40 and low VILIP-1 identified patients with autoimmune/inflammatory diseases. MCP-1 levels were highest in patients with vascular causes of RPD. A multivariate model including GFAP, MCP-1, p-tau181, and sTREM2 identified the 44 patients with treatment-responsive causes of RPD with 89% accuracy. Minimal differences were observed between typical and rapidly progressive presentations of neurodegenerative disease. INTERPRETATION Selected CSF biomarkers at presentation were associated with etiologic diagnoses and treatment responsiveness in patients with heterogeneous causes of RPD. The ability of cross-sectional biomarkers to inform upon mechanisms that drive rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease is less clear. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:299-313.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip W Tipton
- Mayo Clinic Florida, Department of Neurology; Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Yuka Martens
- Mayo Clinic Florida, Department of Neuroscience; Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Matthew R Brier
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nihal Satyadev
- Mayo Clinic Florida, Department of Neurology; Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - S Richard Dunham
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Evelyn B Lazar
- Mayo Clinic Florida, Department of Neurology; Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- Hackensack Meridian JFK University Medical Center, Edison, NJ 08820, USA
| | - Maxwell V Dacquel
- Mayo Clinic Florida, Department of Neuroscience; Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Rachel L Henson
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Guojun Bu
- Mayo Clinic Florida, Department of Neuroscience; Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Michael D Geschwind
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Neurology, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Suzanne E Schindler
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Elizabeth Herries
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Gregory S Day
- Mayo Clinic Florida, Department of Neurology; Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
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Satyadev N, Tipton PW, Martens Y, Dunham SR, Geschwind MD, Morris JC, Brier MR, Graff-Radford NR, Day GS. Improving Early Recognition of Treatment-Responsive Causes of Rapidly Progressive Dementia: The STAM 3 P Score. Ann Neurol 2024; 95:237-248. [PMID: 37782554 PMCID: PMC10841446 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To improve the timely recognition of patients with treatment-responsive causes of rapidly progressive dementia (RPD). METHODS A total of 226 adult patients with suspected RPD were enrolled in a prospective observational study and followed for up to 2 years. Diseases associated with RPD were characterized as potentially treatment-responsive or non-responsive, referencing clinical literature. Disease progression was measured using Clinical Dementia Rating® Sum-of-Box scores. Clinical and paraclinical features associated with treatment responsiveness were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. Findings informed the development of a clinical criterion optimized to recognize patients with potentially treatment-responsive causes of RPD early in the diagnostic evaluation. RESULTS A total of 155 patients met defined RPD criteria, of whom 86 patients (55.5%) had potentially treatment-responsive causes. The median (range) age-at-symptom onset in patients with RPD was 68.9 years (range 22.0-90.7 years), with a similar number of men and women. Seizures, tumor (disease-associated), magnetic resonance imaging suggestive of autoimmune encephalitis, mania, movement abnormalities, and pleocytosis (≥10 cells/mm3 ) in cerebrospinal fluid at presentation were independently associated with treatment-responsive causes of RPD after controlling for age and sex. Those features at presentation, as well as age-at-symptom onset <50 years (ie, STAM3 P), captured 82 of 86 (95.3%) cases of treatment-responsive RPD. The presence of ≥3 STAM3 P features had a positive predictive value of 100%. INTERPRETATION Selected features at presentation reliably identified patients with potentially treatment-responsive causes of RPD. Adaptation of the STAM3 P screening score in clinical practice may minimize diagnostic delays and missed opportunities for treatment in patients with suspected RPD. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:237-248.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal Satyadev
- Mayo Clinic Florida, Department of Neurology; Jacksonville, FL
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Philip W Tipton
- Mayo Clinic Florida, Department of Neurology; Jacksonville, FL
| | - Yuka Martens
- Mayo Clinic Florida, Department of Neuroscience; Jacksonville, FL
| | - S Richard Dunham
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Michael D Geschwind
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - John C Morris
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Matthew R Brier
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Saint Louis, MO
| | | | - Gregory S Day
- Mayo Clinic Florida, Department of Neurology; Jacksonville, FL
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Rahmani F, Brier MR, Gordon BA, McKay N, Flores S, Keefe S, Hornbeck R, Ances B, Joseph‐Mathurin N, Xiong C, Wang G, Raji CA, Libre‐Guerra JJ, Perrin RJ, McDade E, Daniels A, Karch C, Day GS, Brickman AM, Fulham M, Jack CR, la La Fougère C, Reischl G, Schofield PR, Oh H, Levin J, Vöglein J, Cash DM, Yakushev I, Ikeuchi T, Klunk WE, Morris JC, Bateman RJ, Benzinger TLS. T1 and FLAIR signal intensities are related to tau pathology in dominantly inherited Alzheimer disease. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:6375-6387. [PMID: 37867465 PMCID: PMC10681640 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Carriers of mutations responsible for dominantly inherited Alzheimer disease provide a unique opportunity to study potential imaging biomarkers. Biomarkers based on routinely acquired clinical MR images, could supplement the extant invasive or logistically challenging) biomarker studies. We used 1104 longitudinal MR, 324 amyloid beta, and 87 tau positron emission tomography imaging sessions from 525 participants enrolled in the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network Observational Study to extract novel imaging metrics representing the mean (μ) and standard deviation (σ) of standardized image intensities of T1-weighted and Fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MR scans. There was an exponential decrease in FLAIR-μ in mutation carriers and an increase in FLAIR and T1 signal heterogeneity (T1-σ and FLAIR-σ) as participants approached the symptom onset in both supramarginal, the right postcentral and right superior temporal gyri as well as both caudate nuclei, putamina, thalami, and amygdalae. After controlling for the effect of regional atrophy, FLAIR-μ decreased and T1-σ and FLAIR-σ increased with increasing amyloid beta and tau deposition in numerous cortical regions. In symptomatic mutation carriers and independent of the effect of regional atrophy, tau pathology demonstrated a stronger relationship with image intensity metrics, compared with amyloid pathology. We propose novel MR imaging intensity-based metrics using standard clinical T1 and FLAIR images which strongly associates with the progression of pathology in dominantly inherited Alzheimer disease. We suggest that tau pathology may be a key driver of the observed changes in this cohort of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brian A. Gordon
- Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Nicole McKay
- Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Shaney Flores
- Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Sarah Keefe
- Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Russ Hornbeck
- Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Beau Ances
- Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | | | - Chengjie Xiong
- Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Guoqiao Wang
- Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Cyrus A. Raji
- Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | | | | | - Eric McDade
- Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Alisha Daniels
- Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Celeste Karch
- Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Gregory S. Day
- Mayo Clinic, Department of NeurologyJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Adam M. Brickman
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease & the Aging Brain, and Department of Neurology College of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | | | | | - Christian la La Fougère
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular ImagingUniversity Hospital TuebingenTübingenGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) TuebingenTübingenGermany
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and RadiopharmacyEberhard Karls University TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Gerald Reischl
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular ImagingUniversity Hospital TuebingenTübingenGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) TuebingenTübingenGermany
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and RadiopharmacyEberhard Karls University TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Peter R. Schofield
- Neuroscience Research AustraliaSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Hwamee Oh
- Brown UniversityProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | - Johannes Levin
- Department of NeurologyLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MünchenMunichGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), site MunichMunichGermany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)MunichGermany
| | - Jonathan Vöglein
- Department of NeurologyLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MünchenMunichGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), site MunichMunichGermany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)MunichGermany
| | - David M. Cash
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College LondonLondonUK
- Dementia Research CentreUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
| | - Igor Yakushev
- Department of NeurologyLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MünchenMunichGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), site MunichMunichGermany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)MunichGermany
| | | | | | - John C. Morris
- Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
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Jiang H, Zhou C, Qiu L, Gropler RJ, Brier MR, Wu GF, Cross AH, Perlmutter JS, Benzinger TLS, Tu Z. Quantitative Analysis of S1PR1 Expression in the Postmortem Multiple Sclerosis Central Nervous System. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:4039-4050. [PMID: 37882753 PMCID: PMC11037862 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease that is characterized by demyelination and inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS). Previous studies demonstrated that sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulators effectively inhibit S1PR1 in immune cell trafficking and reduce entry of pathogenic cells into the CNS. Studies have also implicated a nonimmune, inflammatory role of S1PR1 within the CNS in MS. In this study, we explored the expression of S1PR1 in the development and progression of demyelinating pathology of MS by quantitative assessment of S1PR1 expression using our S1PR1-specific radioligand, [3H]CS1P1, in the postmortem human CNS tissues including cortex, cerebellum, and spinal cord of MS cases and age- and sex-matched healthy cases. Immunohistochemistry with whole slide scanning for S1PR1 and various myelin proteins was also performed. Autoradiographic analysis using [3H]CS1P1 showed that the expression of S1PR1 was statistically significantly elevated in lesions compared to nonlesion regions in the MS cases, as well as normal healthy controls. The uptake of [3H]CS1P1 in the gray matter and nonlesion white matter did not significantly differ between healthy and MS CNS tissues. Saturation autoradiography analysis showed an increased binding affinity (Kd) of [3H]CS1P1 to S1PR1 in both gray matter and white matter of MS brains compared to healthy brains. Our blocking study using NIBR-0213, a S1PR1 antagonist, indicated [3H]CS1P1 is highly specific to S1PR1. Our findings demonstrated the activation of S1PR1 and an increased uptake of [3H]CS1P1 in the lesions of MS CNS. In summary, our quantitative autoradiography analysis using [3H]CS1P1 on human postmortem tissues shows the feasibility of novel imaging strategies for MS by targeting S1PR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Charles Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Lin Qiu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Robert J Gropler
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Matthew R Brier
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Gregory F Wu
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Anne H Cross
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Joel S Perlmutter
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Tammie L S Benzinger
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Zhude Tu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Multiple sclerosis is characterized by a diverse and complex pathology. Clinical relapses, the hallmark of the disease, are accompanied by focal white matter lesions with intense inflammatory and demyelinating activity. Prevention of these relapses has been the major focus of pharmaceutical development, and it is now possible to dramatically reduce this inflammatory activity. Unfortunately, disability accumulation persists for many people living with multiple sclerosis owing to ongoing damage within existing lesions, pathology outside of discrete lesions, and other yet unknown factors. Understanding this complex pathological cascade will be critical to stopping progressive multiple sclerosis. Positron emission tomography uses biochemically specific radioligands to quantitatively measure pathological processes with molecular specificity. This review examines recent advances in the understanding of multiple sclerosis facilitated by positron emission tomography and identifies future avenues to expand understanding and treatment options. RECENT FINDINGS An increasing number of radiotracers allow for the quantitative measurement of inflammatory abnormalities, de- and re-myelination, and metabolic disruption associated with multiple sclerosis. The studies have identified contributions of ongoing, smoldering inflammation to accumulating tissue injury and clinical worsening. Myelin studies have quantified the dynamics of myelin loss and recovery. Lastly, metabolic changes have been found to contribute to symptom worsening. The molecular specificity facilitated by positron emission tomography in people living with multiple sclerosis will critically inform efforts to modulate the pathology leading to progressive disability accumulation. Existing studies show the power of this approach applied to multiple sclerosis. This armamentarium of radioligands allows for new understanding of how the brain and spinal cord of people is impacted by multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Brier
- Department of Neurology, John L Trotter MS Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA.
| | - Farris Taha
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
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Brier MR, Li Z, Ly M, Karim HT, Liang L, Du W, McCarthy JE, Cross AH, Benzinger TLS, Naismith RT, Chahin S. "Brain age" predicts disability accumulation in multiple sclerosis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023; 10:990-1001. [PMID: 37119507 PMCID: PMC10270248 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neurodegenerative conditions often manifest radiologically with the appearance of premature aging. Multiple sclerosis (MS) biomarkers related to lesion burden are well developed, but measures of neurodegeneration are less well-developed. The appearance of premature aging quantified by machine learning applied to structural MRI assesses neurodegenerative pathology. We assess the explanatory and predictive power of "brain age" analysis on disability in MS using a large, real-world dataset. METHODS Brain age analysis is predicated on the over-estimation of predicted brain age in patients with more advanced pathology. We compared the performance of three brain age algorithms in a large, longitudinal dataset (>13,000 imaging sessions from >6,000 individual MS patients). Effects of MS, MS disease course, disability, lesion burden, and DMT efficacy were assessed using linear mixed effects models. RESULTS MS was associated with advanced predicted brain age cross-sectionally and accelerated brain aging longitudinally in all techniques. While MS disease course (relapsing vs. progressive) did contribute to advanced brain age, disability was the primary correlate of advanced brain age. We found that advanced brain age at study enrollment predicted more disability accumulation longitudinally. Lastly, a more youthful appearing brain (predicted brain age less than actual age) was associated with decreased disability. INTERPRETATION Brain age is a technically tractable and clinically relevant biomarker of disease pathology that correlates with and predicts increasing disability in MS. Advanced brain age predicts future disability accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Brier
- Department of NeurologyWashington University in St. LouisSt LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Zhuocheng Li
- Department of NeurologyWashington University in St. LouisSt LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Maria Ly
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University in St. LouisSt LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Helmet T. Karim
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Leda Liang
- Department of Mathematics and StatisticsWashington University in St. LouisSt LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Weixin Du
- Department of Mathematics and StatisticsWashington University in St. LouisSt LouisMissouriUSA
| | - John E. McCarthy
- Department of Mathematics and StatisticsWashington University in St. LouisSt LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Anne H. Cross
- Department of NeurologyWashington University in St. LouisSt LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Tammie L. S. Benzinger
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University in St. LouisSt LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Robert T. Naismith
- Department of NeurologyWashington University in St. LouisSt LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Salim Chahin
- Department of NeurologyWashington University in St. LouisSt LouisMissouriUSA
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Brier MR, Xiang B, Ciotti JR, Chahin S, Wu GF, Naismith RT, Yablonskiy D, Cross AH. Quantitative MRI identifies lesional and non-lesional abnormalities in MOGAD. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 73:104659. [PMID: 37004272 PMCID: PMC10994694 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is a distinct central nervous system (CNS) disorder that shares features with multiple sclerosis (MS) and may be misdiagnosed as MS. MOGAD and MS share a frequently relapsing clinical course and lesions with inflammatory demyelinating pathology. One key feature of MS pathology is tissue damage in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) outside of discrete lesions, whereas the extent to which similar non-lesional damage occurs in MOGAD is not known and could be assessed using qGRE. The goal of this study was to examine the brains of people with MOGAD using quantitative gradient-recalled echo (qGRE) magnetic resonance imaging and to compare tissue damage with MS patients matched for disability. METHODS MOGAD and MS patients were recruited to match in terms of age and disability. Similarly aged healthy control (HC) data were drawn from existing studies. qGRE brain imaging of HC (N = 15), MOGAD (N = 17), and MS (N = 15) patients was used to examine the severity and extent of tissue damage within and outside of discrete lesions. The qGRE metric R2t* is sensitive to changes in tissue microstructure and was measured in white matter lesions (WMLs), NAWM, cortical (CGM) and deep gray matter (DGM). Statistical inference was performed with linear models. RESULTS R2t* was reduced in CGM (p = 0.00047), DGM (p = 0.0055) and NAWM (p = 0.0019) in MOGAD and MS compared to similar regions in age-matched HCs. However, the degree of R2t* reduction in all these regions was less in the MOGAD patients compared with MS. WMLs in MOGAD demonstrated reduced R2t* compared to NAWM but this reduction was modest compared to changes associated with WMLs in MS (p = 0.026). CONCLUSION These results demonstrate abnormalities in lesional and non-lesional CNS tissues in MOGAD that are not detectable on standard MRI. The abnormalities seen in NAWM, CGM, and DGM were less severe in MOGAD compared to MS. MOGAD-related WMLs showed reduced R2t*, but were less abnormal than WMLs in MS. These data reveal damage to non-lesional tissues in two different demyelinating diseases, suggesting that damage outside of WMLs may be a common feature of demyelinating diseases. The lesser degree of R2t* abnormality in MOGAD tissues compared to MS suggests less underlying tissue damage and may underlie the greater propensity for recovery in MOGAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Brier
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Biao Xiang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - John R Ciotti
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States; Department of Neurology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Salim Chahin
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Gregory F Wu
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Robert T Naismith
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Dmitriy Yablonskiy
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Anne H Cross
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States.
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9
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Jones SM, Lazar EB, Porter AL, Prusinski CC, Brier MR, Bucelli RC, Day GS. Real-Time Quaking-Induced Conversion Assays for Prions: Applying a Sensitive but Imperfect Test in Clinical Practice. Eur J Neurol 2023. [PMID: 36940265 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) assays offer a sensitive and specific means for detection of prions, although false negative results are recognized in clinical practice. We profile the clinical, laboratory, and pathologic features associated with false negative RT-QuIC assays and extend these to frame the diagnostic approach to patients with suspected prion disease. METHODS 113 patients with probable or definite prion disease were assessed at Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN; Jacksonville, FL; Scottsdale, AZ) or Washington University School of Medicine (St. Louis, MO) from 2013-2021. RT-QuIC testing for prions was performed in CSF at the National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (Cleveland, OH). RESULTS Initial RT-QuIC testing was negative in 13/113 patients (sensitivity 88.5%). RT-QuIC negative patients were younger (median 52.0 years vs 66.1 years, p<0.001). Other demographic and presenting features, and CSF cell count, protein, and glucose levels were similar in RT-QuIC negative and positive patients. Frequency of 14-3-3 positivity (4/13 vs 77/94, p<0.001) and median CSF total tau levels were lower in RT-QuIC negative patients (2517 vs 4001 pg/mL, p=0.020), while time from symptom onset to first presentation (153 vs 47 days, p=0.001) and symptomatic duration (710 vs 148 days, p=0.001) were longer. CONCLUSIONS RT-QuIC is a sensitive yet imperfect measure necessitating incorporation of other test results when evaluating patients with suspected prion disease. Patients with negative RT-QuIC had lower markers of neuronal damage (CSF total-tau and protein 14-3-3) and longer symptomatic duration of disease suggesting that false negative RT-QuIC testing associates with a more indolent course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M Jones
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Neurology; Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Evelyn B Lazar
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Neurology; Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Hackensack Meridian JFK University Medical Center, Edison, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Matthew R Brier
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology; Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert C Bucelli
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology; Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gregory S Day
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Neurology; Jacksonville, FL, USA
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10
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Brier MR, Hamdi M, Rajamanikam J, Zhao H, Mansor S, Jones LA, Rahmani F, Jindal S, Koudelis D, Perlmutter JS, Wong DF, Nickels M, Ippolito JE, Gropler RJ, Schindler TH, Laforest R, Tu Z, Benzinger TLS. Phase 1 Evaluation of 11C-CS1P1 to Assess Safety and Dosimetry in Human Participants. J Nucl Med 2022; 63:1775-1782. [PMID: 35332093 PMCID: PMC9635683 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.263189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the safety, dosimetry, and characteristics of 3-((2-fluoro-4-(5-(2'-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)benzyl)(methyl-11C)amino)propanoic acid (11C-CS1P1), a radiotracer targeting sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) 1 (S1PR1). S1PR1 is of clinical interest because of its role in multiple sclerosis (and other conditions), with an expanding class of S1PR modulators approved for relapsing multiple sclerosis. 11C-CS1P1 binds S1PR1 with high specificity and has shown promise in animal models of inflammatory diseases. Methods: 11C-CS1P1 was injected into 5 male and 6 female healthy participants. Ten participants were imaged with PET using a multipass whole-body continuous-bed-motion acquisition, and one had dedicated head and neck PET and MRI. Participants were continuously monitored for safety events. Organ time-activity curve data were collected, integrated, and normalized to the injected activity. Organ radiation doses and effective dose were computed using the adult male and female models in OLINDA, version 2.2. SUV images were evaluated for qualitative biodistribution. Results: No adverse events were observed after the dose, including no bradycardia. The liver was the critical organ from dosimetry analysis (mean ± SD: female, 23.12 ± 5.19 μSv/MBq; male, 21.06 ± 1.63 μSv/MBq). The whole-body effective dose (as defined by International Commission on Radiological Protection publication 103) was 4.18 ± 0.30 μSv/MBq in women and 3.54 ± 0.14 μSv/MBq in men. Using a maximum delivered dose of 740 MBq (20 mCi), the effective dose for women would be 3.1 mSv (0.31 rem), with a liver dose of 17.1 mSv (1.7 rem); the effective dose for men would be 2.6 mSv (0.26 rem), with a liver dose of 15.6 mSv (1.56 rem). Brain uptake was seen predominantly in gray matter and correlated with regional S1PR1 RNA expression (r = 0.84). Conclusion: These results support the safety of 11C-CS1P1 for evaluation of inflammation in human clinical populations. Dosimetry permits repeated measures in the same participants. Brain uptake correlates well with known target topography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Brier
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Mahdjoub Hamdi
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Haiyang Zhao
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Syahir Mansor
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Lynne A Jones
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Farzaneh Rahmani
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Saurabh Jindal
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Deborah Koudelis
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Joel S Perlmutter
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Dean F Wong
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Michael Nickels
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Joseph E Ippolito
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Robert J Gropler
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Thomas H Schindler
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Richard Laforest
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Zhude Tu
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri;
| | - Tammie L S Benzinger
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri;
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11
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Brier MR, Blazey T, Raichle ME, Morris JC, Benzinger TLS, Vlassenko AG, Snyder AZ, Goyal MS. Increased white matter glycolysis in humans with cerebral small vessel disease. Nat Aging 2022; 2:991-999. [PMID: 37118084 PMCID: PMC10155263 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00303-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
White matter lesions in cerebral small vessel disease are related to ischemic injury and increase the risk of stroke and cognitive decline. Pathological changes due to cerebral small vessel disease are increasingly recognized outside of discrete lesions, but the metabolic alterations in nonlesional tissue has not been described. Aerobic glycolysis is critical to white matter myelin homeostasis and repair. In this study, we examined cerebral metabolism of glucose and oxygen as well as blood flow in individuals with and without cerebral small vessel disease using multitracer positron emission tomography. We show that glycolysis is relatively elevated in nonlesional white matter in individuals with small vessel disease relative to healthy, age-matched controls. On the other hand, in young healthy individuals, glycolysis is relatively low in areas of white matter susceptible to lesion formation. These results suggest that increased white matter glycolysis is a marker of pathology associated with small vessel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Brier
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Tyler Blazey
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marcus E Raichle
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tammie L S Benzinger
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrei G Vlassenko
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Abraham Z Snyder
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Manu S Goyal
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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12
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Strain JF, Brier MR, Tanenbaum A, Gordon BA, McCarthy JE, Dincer A, Marcus DS, Chhatwal JP, Graff-Radford NR, Day GS, la Fougère C, Perrin RJ, Salloway S, Schofield PR, Yakushev I, Ikeuchi T, Vöglein J, Morris JC, Benzinger TL, Bateman RJ, Ances BM, Snyder AZ. Covariance-based vs. correlation-based functional connectivity dissociates healthy aging from Alzheimer disease. Neuroimage 2022; 261:119511. [PMID: 35914670 PMCID: PMC9750733 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior studies of aging and Alzheimer disease have evaluated resting state functional connectivity (FC) using either seed-based correlation (SBC) or independent component analysis (ICA), with a focus on particular functional systems. SBC and ICA both are insensitive to differences in signal amplitude. At the same time, accumulating evidence indicates that the amplitude of spontaneous BOLD signal fluctuations is physiologically meaningful. We systematically compared covariance-based FC, which is sensitive to amplitude, vs. correlation-based FC, which is not, in affected individuals and controls drawn from two cohorts of participants including autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease (ADAD), late onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD), and age-matched controls. Functional connectivity was computed over 222 regions of interest and group differences were evaluated in terms of components projected onto a space of lower dimension. Our principal observations are: (1) Aging is associated with global loss of resting state fMRI signal amplitude that is approximately uniform across resting state networks. (2) Thus, covariance FC measures decrease with age whereas correlation FC is relatively preserved in healthy aging. (3) In contrast, symptomatic ADAD and LOAD both lead to loss of spontaneous activity amplitude as well as severely degraded correlation structure. These results demonstrate a double dissociation between age vs. Alzheimer disease and the amplitude vs. correlation structure of resting state BOLD signals. Modeling results suggest that the AD-associated loss of correlation structure is attributable to a relative increase in the fraction of locally restricted as opposed to widely shared variance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy F. Strain
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Matthew R. Brier
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Aaron Tanenbaum
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brian A. Gordon
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Box 8225, 660 South Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA,Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA,Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John E. McCarthy
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Aylin Dincer
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Box 8225, 660 South Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Daniel S. Marcus
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Box 8225, 660 South Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA,Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jasmeer P. Chhatwal
- Martinos Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St Room 2662, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Neill R. Graff-Radford
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, Fl 32224, USA
| | - Gregory S. Day
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, Fl 32224, USA
| | - Christian la Fougère
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Universityhospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Tübingen, Germany
| | - Richard J. Perrin
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA,Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Stephen Salloway
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI 02906, USA
| | - Peter R. Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW 2131, Australia,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Igor Yakushev
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Takeshi Ikeuchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Japan
| | - Jonathan Vöglein
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Germany
| | - John C. Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA,Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tammie L.S. Benzinger
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Box 8225, 660 South Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA,Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Randall J. Bateman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA,Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Beau M. Ances
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA,Department of Radiology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Box 8225, 660 South Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Abraham Z. Snyder
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA,Department of Radiology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Box 8225, 660 South Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA,Corresponding author at: Department of Radiology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Box 8225, 660 South Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA., (A.Z. Snyder)
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13
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Xiang B, Brier MR, Kanthamneni M, Wen J, Snyder AZ, Yablonskiy DA, Cross AH. Tissue damage detected by quantitative gradient echo MRI correlates with clinical progression in non-relapsing progressive MS. Mult Scler 2022; 28:1515-1525. [PMID: 35196933 DOI: 10.1177/13524585211073761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imaging biomarkers of progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) are needed. Quantitative gradient recalled echo (qGRE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluates microstructural tissue damage in MS. OBJECTIVE To evaluate qGRE-derived R2t* as an imaging biomarker of MS progression compared with atrophy and lesion burden. METHODS Twenty-three non-relapsing progressive MS (PMS), 22 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), and 18 healthy control participants underwent standard MS physical and cognitive neurological assessments and imaging with qGRE, FLAIR, and MPRAGE at 3T. PMS subjects were tested clinically and imaged every 9 months over 45 months. Imaging measures included lesion burden, atrophy, and R2t* in cortical gray matter (GM), deep GM, and normal-appearing white matter (NAWM). Longitudinal analysis of clinical performance and imaging biomarkers in PMS subjects was conducted via linear models with subject as repeated, within-subject factor. Relationship between imaging biomarkers and clinical scores was assessed by Spearman rank correlation. RESULTS R2t* reductions correlated with neurological impairment cross-sectionally and longitudinally. PMS patients with clinically defined disease progression (N = 13) showed faster decrease of R2t* in NAWM and deep GM compared with the clinically stable PMS group (N = 10). Importantly, tissue damage measured by R2t* outperformed lesion burden and atrophy as a biomarker of progression during the study period. CONCLUSION qGRE-derived R2t* is a potential imaging biomarker of MS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Xiang
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matthew R Brier
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Manasa Kanthamneni
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA/School of Medicine, St. George's University, St. George, Grenada
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Abraham Z Snyder
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA/Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Anne H Cross
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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14
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Brier MR, Snyder AZ, Tanenbaum A, Rudick RA, Fisher E, Jones S, Shimony JS, Cross AH, Benzinger TLS, Naismith RT. Quantitative signal properties from standardized MRIs correlate with multiple sclerosis disability. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2021; 8:1096-1109. [PMID: 33943045 PMCID: PMC8108425 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To enable use of clinical magnetic resonance images (MRIs) to quantify abnormalities in normal appearing (NA) white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) in multiple sclerosis (MS) and to determine associations with MS-related disability. Identification of these abnormalities heretofore has required specialized scans not routinely available in clinical practice. METHODS We developed an analytic technique which normalizes image intensities based on an intensity atlas for quantification of WM and GM abnormalities in standardized MRIs obtained with clinical sequences. Gaussian mixture modeling is applied to summarize image intensity distributions from T1-weighted and 3D-FLAIR (T2-weighted) images from 5010 participants enrolled in a multinational database of MS patients which collected imaging, neuroperformance and disability measures. RESULTS Intensity distribution metrics distinguished MS patients from control participants based on normalized non-lesional signal differences. This analysis revealed non-lesional differences between relapsing MS versus progressive MS subtypes. Further, the correlation between our non-lesional measures and disability was approximately three times greater than that between total lesion volume and disability, measured using the patient derived disease steps. Multivariate modeling revealed that measures of extra-lesional tissue integrity and atrophy contribute uniquely, and approximately equally, to the prediction of MS-related disability. INTERPRETATION These results support the notion that non-lesional abnormalities correlate more strongly with MS-related disability than lesion burden and provide new insight into the basis of abnormalities in NA WM. Non-lesional abnormalities distinguish relapsing from progressive MS but do not distinguish between progressive subtypes suggesting a common progressive pathophysiology. Image intensity parameters and existing biomarkers each independently correlate with MS-related disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Brier
- Department of NeurologyWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Abraham Z. Snyder
- Malinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Aaron Tanenbaum
- Department of NeurologyWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | | | | | | | - Joshua S. Shimony
- Malinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Anne H. Cross
- Department of NeurologyWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Tammie L. S. Benzinger
- Malinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Robert T. Naismith
- Department of NeurologyWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
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15
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Ciotti JR, Eby NS, Brier MR, Wu GF, Chahin S, Cross AH, Naismith RT. Central vein sign and other radiographic features distinguishing myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease from multiple sclerosis and aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica. Mult Scler 2021; 28:49-60. [PMID: 33870786 DOI: 10.1177/13524585211007086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease (MOGAD) can radiographically mimic multiple sclerosis (MS) and aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Central vein sign (CVS) prevalence has not yet been well-established in MOGAD. OBJECTIVE Characterize the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance and CVS prevalence of MOGAD patients in comparison to matched cohorts of MS and AQP4+ NMOSD. METHODS Clinical MRIs from 26 MOGAD patients were compared to matched cohorts of MS and AQP4+ NMOSD. Brain MRIs were assessed for involvement within predefined regions of interest. CVS was assessed by overlaying fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and susceptibility-weighted sequences. Topographic analyses were performed on spinal cord and orbital MRIs when available. RESULTS MOGAD patients had fewer brain lesions and average CVS+ rate of 12.1%, compared to 44.4% in MS patients (p = 0.0008). MOGAD spinal cord and optic nerve involvement was lengthier than MS (5.8 vs 1.0 vertebral segments, p = 0.020; 3.0 vs 0.5 cm, p < 0.0001). MOGAD patients tended to have bilateral/anterior optic nerve pathology with perineural contrast enhancement, contrasting with posterior optic nerve involvement in NMOSD. CONCLUSION CVS+ rate and longer segments of involvement in the spinal cord and optic nerve can differentiate MOGAD from MS, but do not discriminate as well between MOGAD and AQP4+ NMOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Ciotti
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Noah S Eby
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matthew R Brier
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gregory F Wu
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Salim Chahin
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anne H Cross
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert T Naismith
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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16
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Abstract
This scientific commentary refers to ‘Stage-specific links between plasma neurofilament light and imaging biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease’, by Benedet et al. (doi:10.1093/brain/awaa342).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Brier
- 1 Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis MO, USA
| | - Gregory S Day
- 2 Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Brier
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Robert C Bucelli
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Gregory S Day
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO.,Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO
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18
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Abstract
Clinical diagnosis often focuses on identifying the single cause of a patient's symptoms but it is becoming increasingly recognized that a subset of patients exist where 2 pathological entities coexist. These patients present a particular diagnostic challenge because the first "positive" diagnostic test is not the definitive stopping point in their evaluation. Here, we present the case of a 47-year-old woman with multiple cranial neuropathies and a polyradiculopathy. A significant pleocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid sparked a broad evaluation which revealed pathologic evidence of sarcoidosis and molecular evidence of neurofascin (NF)-155 and NF-140 antibodies. The pathogenic contribution of these 2 pathologic entities, or interaction, to this patient's case is not clear. Nevertheless, the patient responded robustly to steroids and symptoms significantly improved. This case is a demonstration of the balance between Occam's razor and Hickam's dictum in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Brier
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elyse A Everett
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert C Bucelli
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
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19
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Everett EA, Everett W, Brier MR, White P. Appraisal of Health States Worse Than Death in Patients With Acute Stroke. Neurol Clin Pract 2020; 11:43-48. [PMID: 33968471 DOI: 10.1212/cpj.0000000000000856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective To identify health states that patients with acute stroke deem worse than death and to explore potential predictors for these ratings. Methods This was a cross-sectional study involving patients admitted to an urban comprehensive stroke center with acute stroke. Participants were asked to rate 10 possible health states/functional outcomes as better or worse than death using a 5-point Likert scale. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to reduce clusters of correlated ratings to summary components (factors). These components were then analyzed using linear regression to identify possible predictive variables. Results Eighty patients participated. The states deemed equal to or worse than death by the majority of participants were relying on a breathing machine (66%) or feeding tube (66%), persistent confusion (62%), inability to communicate with others (58%), and bowel/bladder incontinence (50%). PCA revealed 2 factors of correlated variables: factor 1 composed primarily of relying on a feeding tube or breathing machine, incontinence, chronic pain, and persistent confusion, and factor 2 composed primarily of using a wheelchair, being bedbound, living in a nursing home, and requiring help for activities of daily living. The only significant predictor found was race for factor 1, with black participants finding these states more preferable to death than white participants. Discussion A substantial number of patients found multiple common outcomes of stroke to be the same as or worse than death. This highlights the importance of realistic discussions about expected functional outcomes with patients and/or their surrogate decision makers when considering goals of care after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse A Everett
- Department of Medicine (EAE, PW) and Department of Neurology (WE, MRB), Washington University in St. Louis, MO
| | - William Everett
- Department of Medicine (EAE, PW) and Department of Neurology (WE, MRB), Washington University in St. Louis, MO
| | - Matthew R Brier
- Department of Medicine (EAE, PW) and Department of Neurology (WE, MRB), Washington University in St. Louis, MO
| | - Patrick White
- Department of Medicine (EAE, PW) and Department of Neurology (WE, MRB), Washington University in St. Louis, MO
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21
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Laurido-Soto O, Brier MR, Simon LE, McCullough A, Bucelli RC, Day GS. Patient characteristics and outcome associations in AMPA receptor encephalitis. J Neurol 2019; 266:450-460. [PMID: 30560455 PMCID: PMC6367044 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-018-9153-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-mediated encephalitis defines a class of diseases wherein antibodies directed at cell-surface receptors are associated with behavioral and cognitive disturbances. One such recently described encephalitis is due to antibodies directed at alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPAR). This entity is exceptionally rare and its clinical phenotype incompletely described. We present findings from two cases of AMPAR encephalitis that exemplify variability in the disease spectrum, and summarize findings in published cases derived from a systematic literature review. When all patients are considered together, the presence of psychiatric symptoms at presentation portended a poor outcome and was associated with the presence of a tumor. Furthermore, we provide evidence to suggest that the topography of magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in reported cases mirrors the distribution of AMPARs in the human brain. The potential for neurological improvement following immunomodulatory therapy together with the favorable outcome reported in most cases emphasizes the importance of testing for autoantibodies against neuronal cell-surface proteins, including AMPAR, in patients with clinical and neuroimaging findings suggestive of autoimmune encephalitis. Close attention to the clinical phenotype may inform the presence of malignancy and long-term prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo Laurido-Soto
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matthew R Brier
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Laura E Simon
- Bernard Becker Medical Library, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Austin McCullough
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert C Bucelli
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gregory S Day
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
- Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 4488 Forest Park Avenue, Saint Louis, MO, 63108, USA.
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22
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Motes MA, Spence JS, Brier MR, Chiang HS, DeLaRosa BL, Eroh J, Maguire MJ, Mudar RA, Tillman GD, Kraut MA, Hart J. Conjoint differences in inhibitory control and processing speed in childhood to older adult cohorts: Discriminant functions from a Go/No-Go task. Psychol Aging 2018; 33:1070-1078. [PMID: 30284853 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To investigate differences in inhibitory control and processing speed over the life span, participants in 7- to 8-, 10- to 11-, 12- to 15-, 18- to 25-, and 54- to 80-year-old age cohorts completed a Go/No-Go task requiring varying levels of semantic categorization. Discriminant function analysis of correct rejection rates (CRRs), hit rates (HRs), and reaction times (RTs) revealed a function on which CRR loaded positively and RT loaded negatively, across categorization levels. Scores increased from youngest to the younger adult cohort and decreased for the older adult cohort. On a second function, CRR and RT loaded positively and HR loaded negatively across categorization levels. Scores were highest for the older adult cohort and higher for the youngest cohort than for the younger adult cohort. The results suggest change along 2 dimensions might underlie cognitive development: (a) combined increased inhibitory control and processing speed and (b) combined increased speed and decreased biased responding for better inhibitory control. In addition, 2 dimensions might underlie senescence: (a) combined decreased inhibitory control and processing speed and (b) combined decreased speed and increased biased responding for better inhibitory control. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John Hart
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences
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23
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Brier MR, Gordon B, Friedrichsen K, McCarthy J, Stern A, Christensen J, Owen C, Aldea P, Su Y, Hassenstab J, Cairns NJ, Holtzman DM, Fagan AM, Morris JC, Benzinger TLS, Ances BM. Tau and Aβ imaging, CSF measures, and cognition in Alzheimer's disease. Sci Transl Med 2017; 8:338ra66. [PMID: 27169802 PMCID: PMC5267531 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf2362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 492] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by two molecular pathologies: cerebral β-amyloidosis in the form of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and tauopathy in the form of neurofibrillary tangles, neuritic plaques, and neuropil threads. Until recently, only Aβ could be studied in humans using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging owing to a lack of tau PET imaging agents. Clinical pathological studies have linked tau pathology closely to the onset and progression of cognitive symptoms in patients with AD. We report PET imaging of tau and Aβ in a cohort of cognitively normal older adults and those with mild AD. Multivariate analyses identified unique disease-related stereotypical spatial patterns (topographies) for deposition of tau and Aβ. These PET imaging tau and Aβ topographies were spatially distinct but correlated with disease progression. Cerebrospinal fluid measures of tau, often used to stage preclinical AD, correlated with tau deposition in the temporal lobe. Tau deposition in the temporal lobe more closely tracked dementia status and was a better predictor of cognitive performance than Aβ deposition in any region of the brain. These data support models of AD where tau pathology closely tracks changes in brain function that are responsible for the onset of early symptoms in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Brier
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brian Gordon
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Karl Friedrichsen
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - John McCarthy
- Department of Mathematics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ari Stern
- Department of Mathematics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jon Christensen
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Christopher Owen
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Patricia Aldea
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yi Su
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jason Hassenstab
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nigel J Cairns
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. Department of Pathology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Anne M Fagan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. Department of Pathology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tammie L S Benzinger
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Beau M Ances
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Baker LM, Laidlaw DH, Cabeen R, Akbudak E, Conturo TE, Correia S, Tate DF, Heaps-Woodruff JM, Brier MR, Bolzenius J, Salminen LE, Lane EM, McMichael AR, Paul RH. Cognitive reserve moderates the relationship between neuropsychological performance and white matter fiber bundle length in healthy older adults. Brain Imaging Behav 2017; 11:632-639. [PMID: 26961092 PMCID: PMC7083104 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9540-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent work using novel neuroimaging methods has revealed shorter white matter fiber bundle length (FBL) in older compared to younger adults. Shorter FBL also corresponds to poorer performance on cognitive measures sensitive to advanced age. However, it is unclear if individual factors such as cognitive reserve (CR) effectively moderate the relationship between FBL and cognitive performance. This study examined CR as a potential moderator of cognitive performance and brain integrity as defined by FBL. Sixty-three healthy adults underwent neuropsychological evaluation and 3T brain magnetic resonance imaging. Cognitive performance was measured using the Repeatable Battery of Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). FBL was quantified from tractography tracings of white matter fiber bundles, derived from the diffusion tensor imaging. CR was determined by estimated premorbid IQ. Analyses revealed that lower scores on the RBANS were associated with shorter whole brain FBL (p = 0.04) and lower CR (p = 0.01) CR moderated the relationship between whole brain FBL and RBANS score (p < 0.01). Tract-specific analyses revealed that CR also moderated the association between FBL in the hippocampal segment of the cingulum and RBANS performance (p = 0.03). These results demonstrate that lower cognitive performance on the RBANS is more common with low CR and short FBL. On the contrary, when individuals have high CR, the relationship between FBL and cognitive performance is attenuated. Overall, CR protects older adults against lower cognitive performance despite age-associated reductions in FBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie M Baker
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri - Saint Louis, One University Boulevard, Stadler Hall 327, Saint Louis, MO, 63121, USA.
| | - David H Laidlaw
- Computer Science Department, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Ryan Cabeen
- Computer Science Department, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Erbil Akbudak
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Thomas E Conturo
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Stephen Correia
- Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown Medical School, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - David F Tate
- Missouri Institute of Mental Health, St. Louis, MO, 63134, USA
| | | | - Matthew R Brier
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jacob Bolzenius
- Missouri Institute of Mental Health, St. Louis, MO, 63134, USA
| | - Lauren E Salminen
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri - Saint Louis, One University Boulevard, Stadler Hall 327, Saint Louis, MO, 63121, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Lane
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Amanda R McMichael
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Robert H Paul
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri - Saint Louis, One University Boulevard, Stadler Hall 327, Saint Louis, MO, 63121, USA
- Missouri Institute of Mental Health, St. Louis, MO, 63134, USA
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25
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Chiang HS, Eroh J, Spence JS, Motes MA, Maguire MJ, Krawczyk DC, Brier MR, Hart J, Kraut MA. Common and differential electrophysiological mechanisms underlying semantic object memory retrieval probed by features presented in different stimulus types. Int J Psychophysiol 2016; 106:77-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Ances B, Brier MR, Gordon BA, Friedrichsen KA, McCarthy JE, Stern A, Christensen J, Owen CJ, Aldea P, Su Y, Hassenstab J, Cairns NJ, Holtzman DM, Fagan AM, Morris JC, Lee Smith Benzinger T. IC‐P‐179: TAU Imaging Relationships With Amyloid B Imaging, CSF TAU/AB
42
, and Cognition in Alzheimer’s Disease. Alzheimers Dement 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.06.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beau Ances
- Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMO USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Ari Stern
- Washington University in St. LouisSaint LouisMO USA
| | - Jon Christensen
- Washington University in St. Louis School of MedicineSt. LouisMO USA
| | | | | | - Yi Su
- Washington University in St. Louis School of MedicineSt. LouisMO USA
| | - Jason Hassenstab
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research CenterSt. LouisMO USA
- Washington University School of MedicineSt LouisMO USA
| | | | | | - Anne M. Fagan
- Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMO USA
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27
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Brier MR, Day GS, Snyder AZ, Tanenbaum AB, Ances BM. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis mediates loss of intrinsic activity measured by functional MRI. J Neurol 2016; 263:1083-91. [PMID: 27025853 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-016-8083-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous brain activity is required for the development and maintenance of normal brain function. Many disease processes disrupt the organization of intrinsic brain activity, but few pervasively reduce the amplitude of resting state blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) fMRI fluctuations. We report the case of a female with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis, longitudinally studied during the course of her illness to determine the contribution of NMDAR signaling to spontaneous brain activity. Resting state BOLD fMRI was measured at the height of her illness and 18 weeks following discharge from hospital. Conventional resting state networks were defined using established methods. Correlation and covariance matrices were calculated by extracting the BOLD time series from regions of interest and calculating either the correlation or covariance quantity. The intrinsic activity was compared between visits, and to expected activity from 45 similarly aged healthy individuals. Near the height of the illness, the patient exhibited profound loss of consciousness, high-amplitude slowing of the electroencephalogram, and a severe reduction in the amplitude of spontaneous BOLD fMRI fluctuations. The patient's neurological status and measures of intrinsic activity improved following treatment. We conclude that NMDAR-mediated signaling plays a critical role in the mechanisms that give rise to organized spontaneous brain activity. Loss of intrinsic activity is associated with profound disruptions of consciousness and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Brier
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Gregory S Day
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Abraham Z Snyder
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Aaron B Tanenbaum
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Beau M Ances
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA. .,Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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28
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Brier MR, Wu Q, Tanenbaum AB, Westerhaus ET, Kharasch ED, Ances BM. Effect of HAART on Brain Organization and Function in HIV-Negative Subjects. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2015; 10:517-21. [PMID: 26446778 PMCID: PMC4662631 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-015-9634-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
HIV causes neural dysfunction in infected individuals. This dysfunction often manifests as cognitive symptoms and can be detected using neuroimaging. Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), in addition to providing virologic control, has reduced the number of profoundly impaired individuals but more mild forms of neurocognitive disorders remains prevalent. A potential confound in previous studies of HIV-associated cognitive dysfunction is that HAART may be neurotoxic. Thus, observed effects, attributed to HIV, may be in part due to HAART. It is unclear whether and to what extent current medications contribute to observed brain dysfunction. We studied changes in functional connectivity and cerebral blood flow in HIV uninfected (HIV-) individuals before and after being given two common antiretroviral medications: efavirenz and ritonavir. Neither drug was associated with significant changes in functional connectivity or cerebral blood flow. Our results suggests that previous changes in functional connectivity and cerebral blood flow in HIV infected individuals receiving HAART may largely due to the virus and remaining reservoirs and less due to toxic action of these anti-retroviral medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Brier
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Aaron B Tanenbaum
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Westerhaus
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Evan D Kharasch
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Beau M Ances
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
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Brier MR, McCarthy JE, Benzinger TLS, Stern A, Su Y, Friedrichsen KA, Morris JC, Ances BM, Vlassenko AG. Local and distributed PiB accumulation associated with development of preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 38:104-111. [PMID: 26827648 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid-beta plaques are a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that can be assessed by amyloid imaging (e.g., Pittsburgh B compound [PiB]) and summarized as a scalar value. Summary values may have clinical utility but are an average over many regions of interest, potentially obscuring important topography. This study investigates the longitudinal evolution of amyloid topographies in cognitively normal older adults who had normal (N = 131) or abnormal (N = 26) PiB scans at baseline. At 3 years follow-up, 16 participants with a previously normal PiB scan had conversion to PiB scans consistent with preclinical AD. We investigated the multivariate relationship (canonical correlation) between baseline and follow-up PiB topographies. Furthermore, we used penalized regression to investigate the added information derived from PiB topography compared to summary measures. PiB accumulation can be local, that is, a topography predicting the same topography in the future, and/or distributed, that is, one topography predicting another. Both local and distributed PiB accumulation was associated with conversion of PiB status. Additionally, elements of the multivariate topography, and not the commonly used summary scalar, correlated with future PiB changes. Consideration of the entire multivariate PiB topography provides additional information regarding the development of amyloid-beta pathology in very early preclinical AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Brier
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John E McCarthy
- Department of Mathematics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tammie L S Benzinger
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; The Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ari Stern
- Department of Mathematics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yi Su
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Karl A Friedrichsen
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; The Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Beau M Ances
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; The Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Andrei G Vlassenko
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; The Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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30
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Tanenbaum AB, Snyder AZ, Brier MR, Ances BM. A method for reducing the effects of motion contamination in arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2015; 35:1697-702. [PMID: 26036937 PMCID: PMC4640315 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2015.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a noninvasive method to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF). Arterial spin labeling is susceptible to artifact generated by head motion; this artifact is propagated through the subtraction procedure required to calculate CBF. We introduce a novel strategy for mitigating this artifact based on weighting tag/control volumes according to a noise estimate. We evaluated this strategy (DVARS weighting) in application to both pulsed ASL (PASL) and pseudo-continuous ASL (pCASL) in a cohort of normal adults (N=57). Application of DVARS weighting significantly improved test-retest repeatability as assessed by the intra-class correlation coefficient. Before the application of DVARS weighting, mean gray matter intra-class correlation (ICC) between subsequent ASL runs was 0.48 and 0.51 in PASL and pCASL, respectively. With weighting, ICC was significantly improved to 0.63 and 0.58.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron B Tanenbaum
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Abraham Z Snyder
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Matthew R Brier
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Beau M Ances
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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31
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Abstract
Functional connectivity refers to shared signals among brain regions and is typically assessed in a task free state. Functional connectivity commonly is quantified between signal pairs using Pearson correlation. However, resting-state fMRI is a multivariate process exhibiting a complicated covariance structure. Partial covariance assesses the unique variance shared between two brain regions excluding any widely shared variance, hence is appropriate for the analysis of multivariate fMRI datasets. However, calculation of partial covariance requires inversion of the covariance matrix, which, in most functional connectivity studies, is not invertible owing to rank deficiency. Here we apply Ledoit-Wolf shrinkage (L2 regularization) to invert the high dimensional BOLD covariance matrix. We investigate the network organization and brain-state dependence of partial covariance-based functional connectivity. Although RSNs are conventionally defined in terms of shared variance, removal of widely shared variance, surprisingly, improved the separation of RSNs in a spring embedded graphical model. This result suggests that pair-wise unique shared variance plays a heretofore unrecognized role in RSN covariance organization. In addition, application of partial correlation to fMRI data acquired in the eyes open vs. eyes closed states revealed focal changes in uniquely shared variance between the thalamus and visual cortices. This result suggests that partial correlation of resting state BOLD time series reflect functional processes in addition to structural connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Brier
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Anish Mitra
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - John E McCarthy
- Department of Mathematics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Beau M Ances
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Abraham Z Snyder
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Abstract
Much effort in recent years has focused on understanding the effects of Alzheimer's disease (AD) on neural function. This effort has resulted in an enormous number of papers describing different facets of the functional derangement seen in AD. A particularly important tool for these investigations has been resting-state functional connectivity. Attempts to comprehensively synthesize resting-state functional connectivity results have focused on the potential utility of functional connectivity as a biomarker for disease risk, disease staging, or prognosis. While these are all appropriate uses of this technique, the purpose of this review is to examine how functional connectivity disruptions inform our understanding of AD pathophysiology. Here, we examine the rationale and methodological considerations behind functional connectivity studies and then provide a critical review of the existing literature. In conclusion, we propose a hypothesis regarding the development and spread of functional connectivity deficits seen in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Brier
- 1 Program in Neuroscience, Division of Biological and Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri
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Thomas JB, Brier MR, Bateman RJ, Snyder AZ, Benzinger TL, Xiong C, Raichle M, Holtzman DM, Sperling RA, Mayeux R, Ghetti B, Ringman JM, Salloway S, McDade E, Rossor MN, Ourselin S, Schofield PR, Masters CL, Martins RN, Weiner MW, Thompson PM, Fox NC, Koeppe RA, Jack CR, Mathis CA, Oliver A, Blazey TM, Moulder K, Buckles V, Hornbeck R, Chhatwal J, Schultz AP, Goate AM, Fagan AM, Cairns NJ, Marcus DS, Morris JC, Ances BM. Functional connectivity in autosomal dominant and late-onset Alzheimer disease. JAMA Neurol 2014; 71:1111-22. [PMID: 25069482 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.1654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease (ADAD) is caused by rare genetic mutations in 3 specific genes in contrast to late-onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD), which has a more polygenetic risk profile. OBJECTIVE To assess the similarities and differences in functional connectivity changes owing to ADAD and LOAD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We analyzed functional connectivity in multiple brain resting state networks (RSNs) in a cross-sectional cohort of participants with ADAD (n = 79) and LOAD (n = 444), using resting-state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging at multiple international academic sites. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES For both types of AD, we quantified and compared functional connectivity changes in RSNs as a function of dementia severity measured by the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale. In ADAD, we qualitatively investigated functional connectivity changes with respect to estimated years from onset of symptoms within 5 RSNs. RESULTS A decrease in functional connectivity with increasing Clinical Dementia Rating scores were similar for both LOAD and ADAD in multiple RSNs. Ordinal logistic regression models constructed in one type of Alzheimer disease accurately predicted clinical dementia rating scores in the other, further demonstrating the similarity of functional connectivity loss in each disease type. Among participants with ADAD, functional connectivity in multiple RSNs appeared qualitatively lower in asymptomatic mutation carriers near their anticipated age of symptom onset compared with asymptomatic mutation noncarriers. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Resting-state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging changes with progressing AD severity are similar between ADAD and LOAD. Resting-state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging may be a useful end point for LOAD and ADAD therapy trials. Moreover, the disease process of ADAD may be an effective model for the LOAD disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jewell B Thomas
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Matthew R Brier
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Randall J Bateman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Abraham Z Snyder
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Tammie L Benzinger
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Chengjie Xiong
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Marcus Raichle
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri2Department of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri4Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Reisa A Sperling
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Bernardino Ghetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington
| | - John M Ringman
- Department of Neurology, Easton Center for Alzheimer's Disease Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Stephen Salloway
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Eric McDade
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Martin N Rossor
- Dementia Research Centre, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, England
| | - Sebastien Ourselin
- Dementia Research Centre, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, England
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia13School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Colin L Masters
- Mental Health Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ralph N Martins
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Michael W Weiner
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco17Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco18Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuroimaging, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Nick C Fox
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Neurology, University College of London, London, England
| | | | | | - Chester A Mathis
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Angela Oliver
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Tyler M Blazey
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Krista Moulder
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Virginia Buckles
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Russ Hornbeck
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Jasmeer Chhatwal
- Department of Neurology, Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Aaron P Schultz
- Department of Neurology, Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Alison M Goate
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Anne M Fagan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Nigel J Cairns
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Daniel S Marcus
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Beau M Ances
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
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Brier MR, Thomas JB, Snyder AZ, Wang L, Fagan AM, Benzinger T, Morris JC, Ances BM. Unrecognized preclinical Alzheimer disease confounds rs-fcMRI studies of normal aging. Neurology 2014; 83:1613-9. [PMID: 25261500 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000000939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether, and to what degree, preclinical Alzheimer disease (AD) confounds studies of healthy aging where "healthy" is based on cognitive normality alone. METHODS We examined the effects of preclinical AD in cognitively normal older individuals using resting-state functional connectivity MRI. We investigated 2 groups of cognitively normal participants: one group with evidence of preclinical AD as assessed by CSF markers of AD and the other group with normal CSF biomarkers. RESULTS There were significant interactions between age and biomarker status in the default-mode, dorsal attention, and salience resting-state networks. In the group with evidence of preclinical AD, there were dramatic changes in functional connectivity with age. In the group without evidence of preclinical AD, those changes were greatly attenuated. In most regions with significant interactions of age and biomarker status, the age-related change in functional connectivity in the normal biomarker group was indistinguishable from zero. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that preclinical AD accounts for a substantial portion of the reported effects of aging in the extant functional connectivity literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Brier
- From the Program in Neuroscience, Division of Biological and Biomedical Science (M.R.B.), and Departments of Neurology (J.B.T., A.Z.S., L.W., A.M.F., J.C.M., B.M.A.) and Radiology (A.Z.S., T.B., B.M.A.), School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis; and Hope Center for Neurological Disorders (A.M.F., T.B., B.M.A.), Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (A.M.F., T.B., J.C.M., B.M.A.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering (B.M.A.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO.
| | - Jewell B Thomas
- From the Program in Neuroscience, Division of Biological and Biomedical Science (M.R.B.), and Departments of Neurology (J.B.T., A.Z.S., L.W., A.M.F., J.C.M., B.M.A.) and Radiology (A.Z.S., T.B., B.M.A.), School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis; and Hope Center for Neurological Disorders (A.M.F., T.B., B.M.A.), Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (A.M.F., T.B., J.C.M., B.M.A.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering (B.M.A.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO
| | - Abraham Z Snyder
- From the Program in Neuroscience, Division of Biological and Biomedical Science (M.R.B.), and Departments of Neurology (J.B.T., A.Z.S., L.W., A.M.F., J.C.M., B.M.A.) and Radiology (A.Z.S., T.B., B.M.A.), School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis; and Hope Center for Neurological Disorders (A.M.F., T.B., B.M.A.), Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (A.M.F., T.B., J.C.M., B.M.A.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering (B.M.A.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO
| | - Liang Wang
- From the Program in Neuroscience, Division of Biological and Biomedical Science (M.R.B.), and Departments of Neurology (J.B.T., A.Z.S., L.W., A.M.F., J.C.M., B.M.A.) and Radiology (A.Z.S., T.B., B.M.A.), School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis; and Hope Center for Neurological Disorders (A.M.F., T.B., B.M.A.), Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (A.M.F., T.B., J.C.M., B.M.A.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering (B.M.A.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO
| | - Anne M Fagan
- From the Program in Neuroscience, Division of Biological and Biomedical Science (M.R.B.), and Departments of Neurology (J.B.T., A.Z.S., L.W., A.M.F., J.C.M., B.M.A.) and Radiology (A.Z.S., T.B., B.M.A.), School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis; and Hope Center for Neurological Disorders (A.M.F., T.B., B.M.A.), Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (A.M.F., T.B., J.C.M., B.M.A.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering (B.M.A.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO
| | - Tammie Benzinger
- From the Program in Neuroscience, Division of Biological and Biomedical Science (M.R.B.), and Departments of Neurology (J.B.T., A.Z.S., L.W., A.M.F., J.C.M., B.M.A.) and Radiology (A.Z.S., T.B., B.M.A.), School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis; and Hope Center for Neurological Disorders (A.M.F., T.B., B.M.A.), Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (A.M.F., T.B., J.C.M., B.M.A.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering (B.M.A.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO
| | - John C Morris
- From the Program in Neuroscience, Division of Biological and Biomedical Science (M.R.B.), and Departments of Neurology (J.B.T., A.Z.S., L.W., A.M.F., J.C.M., B.M.A.) and Radiology (A.Z.S., T.B., B.M.A.), School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis; and Hope Center for Neurological Disorders (A.M.F., T.B., B.M.A.), Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (A.M.F., T.B., J.C.M., B.M.A.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering (B.M.A.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO
| | - Beau M Ances
- From the Program in Neuroscience, Division of Biological and Biomedical Science (M.R.B.), and Departments of Neurology (J.B.T., A.Z.S., L.W., A.M.F., J.C.M., B.M.A.) and Radiology (A.Z.S., T.B., B.M.A.), School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis; and Hope Center for Neurological Disorders (A.M.F., T.B., B.M.A.), Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (A.M.F., T.B., J.C.M., B.M.A.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering (B.M.A.), Washington University in St. Louis, MO
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Brier MR, Mitra A, Benzinger T, Morris JC, Ances B. P1‐291: DETECTION OF LOCAL DYSFUNCTION IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE USING RESTING‐STATE FUNCTIONAL MRI. Alzheimers Dement 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2014.05.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Brier
- Washington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUnited States
| | - Anish Mitra
- Washington University in St. LouisSt LouisMissouriUnited States
| | | | - John C. Morris
- Washington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUnited States
| | - Beau Ances
- Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUnited States
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Brier MR, Mitra A, Benzinger T, Morris JC, Ances B. IC‐P‐190: DETECTION OF LOCAL DYSFUNCTION IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE USING RESTING‐STATE FUNCTIONAL MRI. Alzheimers Dement 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2014.05.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Brier
- Washington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUnited States
| | - Anish Mitra
- Washington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUnited States
| | - Tammie Benzinger
- Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUnited States
| | - John Carl Morris
- Washington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUnited States
| | - Beau Ances
- Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUnited States
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Thomas JB, Brier MR, Ortega M, Benzinger TL, Ances BM. Weighted brain networks in disease: centrality and entropy in human immunodeficiency virus and aging. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 36:401-12. [PMID: 25034343 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Graph theory models can produce simple, biologically informative metrics of the topology of resting-state functional connectivity (FC) networks. However, typical graph theory approaches model FC relationships between regions (nodes) as unweighted edges, complicating their interpretability in studies of disease or aging. We extended existing techniques and constructed fully connected weighted graphs for groups of age-matched human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive (n = 67) and HIV negative (n = 77) individuals. We compared test-retest reliability of weighted versus unweighted metrics in an independent study of healthy individuals (n = 22) and found weighted measures to be more stable. We quantified 2 measures of node centrality (closeness centrality and eigenvector centrality) to capture the relative importance of individual nodes. We also quantified 1 measure of graph entropy (diversity) to measure the variability in connection strength (edge weights) at each node. HIV was primarily associated with differences in measures of centrality, and age was primarily associated with differences in diversity. HIV and age were associated with divergent measures when evaluated at the whole graph level, within individual functional networks, and at the level of individual nodes. Graph models may allow us to distinguish previously indistinguishable effects related to HIV and age on FC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jewell B Thomas
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matthew R Brier
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mario Ortega
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tammie L Benzinger
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Hope Center for Neurologic Diseases, Washington University in St Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Beau M Ances
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Hope Center for Neurologic Diseases, Washington University in St Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Wang L, Brier MR, Snyder AZ, Thomas JB, Fagan AM, Xiong C, Benzinger TL, Holtzman DM, Morris JC, Ances BM. Cerebrospinal fluid Aβ42, phosphorylated Tau181, and resting-state functional connectivity. JAMA Neurol 2014; 70:1242-8. [PMID: 23959173 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.3253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Resting-state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging has great potential for characterizing pathophysiological changes during the preclinical phase of Alzheimer disease. OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between default mode network integrity and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of Alzheimer disease pathology in cognitively normal older individuals. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Cross-sectional cohort study at The Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center at Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, among 207 older adults with normal cognition (Clinical Dementia Rating, 0). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Resting-state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging measures of default mode network integrity. RESULTS Decreased cerebrospinal fluid Aβ42 and increased cerebrospinal fluid phosphorylated tau181 were independently associated with reduced default mode network integrity, with the most prominent decreases in functional connectivity observed between the posterior cingulate and medial temporal regions. Observed reductions in functional connectivity were unattributable to age or structural atrophy in the posterior cingulate and medial temporal areas. Similar resting-state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging findings in relation to cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers were obtained using region-of-interest analyses and voxelwise correlation mapping. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Both Aβ and tau pathology affect default mode network integrity before clinical onset of Alzheimer disease.
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Motes MA, Gamino JF, Chapman SB, Rao NK, Maguire MJ, Brier MR, Kraut MA, Hart J. Inhibitory control gains from higher-order cognitive strategy training. Brain Cogn 2013; 84:44-62. [PMID: 24286804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the transfer of higher-order cognitive strategy training to inhibitory control. Middle school students enrolled in a comprehension- and reasoning-focused cognitive strategy training program and passive controls participated. The training program taught students a set of steps for inferring essential gist or themes from materials. Both before and after training or a comparable duration in the case of the passive controls, participants completed a semantically cued Go/No-Go task that was designed to assess the effects of depth of semantic processing on response inhibition and components of event-related potentials (ERP) related to response inhibition. Depth of semantic processing was manipulated by varying the level of semantic categorization required for response selection and inhibition. The SMART-trained group showed inhibitory control gains and changes in fronto-central P3 ERP amplitudes on inhibition trials; whereas, the control group did not. The results provide evidence of the transfer of higher-order cognitive strategy training to inhibitory control and modulation of ERPs associated with semantically cued inhibitory control. The findings are discussed in terms of implications for cognitive strategy training, models of cognitive abilities, and education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Motes
- Center for BrainHealth, School of Behavioral & Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, United States.
| | - Jacquelyn F Gamino
- Center for BrainHealth, School of Behavioral & Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, United States
| | - Sandra B Chapman
- Center for BrainHealth, School of Behavioral & Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, United States
| | - Neena K Rao
- Center for BrainHealth, School of Behavioral & Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, United States
| | - Mandy J Maguire
- Center for BrainHealth, School of Behavioral & Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, United States; Callier Center for Communication Disorders, School of Behavioral & Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, United States
| | - Matthew R Brier
- Medical Scientist Training Program and Program in Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, United States
| | - Michael A Kraut
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States
| | - John Hart
- Center for BrainHealth, School of Behavioral & Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, United States
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Brier MR, Thomas JB, Fagan AM, Hassenstab J, Holtzman DM, Benzinger TL, Morris JC, Ances BM. Functional connectivity and graph theory in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 35:757-68. [PMID: 24216223 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.10.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a long preclinical phase in which amyloid and tau cerebral pathology accumulate without producing cognitive symptoms. Resting state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging has demonstrated that brain networks degrade during symptomatic AD. It is unclear to what extent these degradations exist before symptomatic onset. In this study, we investigated graph theory metrics of functional integration (path length), functional segregation (clustering coefficient), and functional distinctness (modularity) as a function of disease severity. Further, we assessed whether these graph metrics were affected in cognitively normal participants with cerebrospinal fluid evidence of preclinical AD. Clustering coefficient and modularity, but not path length, were reduced in AD. Cognitively normal participants who harbored AD biomarker pathology also showed reduced values in these graph measures, demonstrating brain changes similar to, but smaller than, symptomatic AD. Only modularity was significantly affected by age. We also demonstrate that AD has a particular effect on hub-like regions in the brain. We conclude that AD causes large-scale disconnection that is present before onset of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Brier
- Program in Neuroscience, Division of Biological and Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jewell B Thomas
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anne M Fagan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jason Hassenstab
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tammie L Benzinger
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Beau M Ances
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Thomas JB, Brier MR, Snyder AZ, Vaida FF, Ances BM. Pathways to neurodegeneration: effects of HIV and aging on resting-state functional connectivity. Neurology 2013; 80:1186-93. [PMID: 23446675 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e318288792b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Resting-state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI) may provide insight into the neurophysiology of HIV and aging. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we used rs-fcMRI to investigate intra- and internetwork connectivity among 5 functional brain networks in 58 HIV-infected (HIV+) participants (44% receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy) and 53 HIV-uninfected (HIV-) controls. An analysis of covariance assessed the relationship among age, HIV laboratory markers, or degree of cognitive impairment and brain networks. RESULTS Individuals who were HIV+ had decreased rs-fcMRI intranetwork correlations in the default mode (DMN, p = 0.01), control (CON, p = 0.02), and salience (SAL, p = 0.02) networks, but showed no changes in the sensorimotor (SMN) or dorsal attention (DAN) network. Compared with HIV- controls, participants who were HIV+ had a significant loss of internetwork correlations between the DMN-DAN (p = 0.02), trending loss in DMN-SAL (p = 0.1) and CON-SMN (p = 0.1), and trending increase in CON-SAL (p = 0.1). Neither HIV markers (plasma HIV viral load or CD4(+) cell count) nor degree of cognitive impairment correlated with rs-fcMRI measures. Aging correlated with a decrease in the magnitude of intranetwork functional connectivity within the DMN (p = 0.04) and SAL (p = 0.006) and with decreased magnitude of internetwork functional connectivity between DMN and SAL (p = 0.009) for both HIV+ and HIV- participants. No interaction was observed between HIV and aging. CONCLUSIONS HIV and aging may cause independent decreases in rs-fcMRI. HIV may lead to a baseline decrease in brain function similar to deterioration that occurs with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jewell B Thomas
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Wang L, Roe CM, Snyder AZ, Brier MR, Thomas JB, Xiong C, Benzinger TL, Morris JC, Ances BM. Alzheimer disease family history impacts resting state functional connectivity. Ann Neurol 2013; 72:571-7. [PMID: 23109152 DOI: 10.1002/ana.23643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Offspring whose parents have Alzheimer disease (AD) are at increased risk for developing dementia. Patients with AD typically exhibit disruptions in the default mode network (DMN). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a family history of late onset AD on DMN integrity in cognitively normal individuals. In particular, we determined whether a family history effect is detectable in apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele noncarriers. METHODS We studied a cohort of 348 cognitively normal participants with or without family history of late onset AD. DMN integrity was assessed by resting state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS A family history of late onset AD was associated with reduced resting state functional connectivity between particular nodes of the DMN, namely the posterior cingulate and medial temporal cortex. The observed functional connectivity reduction was not attributable to medial temporal structural atrophy. Importantly, we detected a family history effect on DMN functional connectivity in APOE ε4 allele noncarriers. INTERPRETATION Unknown genetic factors, embodied in a family history of late onset AD, may affect DMN integrity prior to cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Spence JS, Brier MR, Hart J, Ferree TC. Removing an intersubject variance component in a general linear model improves multiway factoring of event-related spectral perturbations in group EEG studies. Hum Brain Mapp 2011; 34:651-64. [PMID: 22102426 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.21462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Linear statistical models are used very effectively to assess task-related differences in EEG power spectral analyses. Mixed models, in particular, accommodate more than one variance component in a multisubject study, where many trials of each condition of interest are measured on each subject. Generally, intra- and intersubject variances are both important to determine correct standard errors for inference on functions of model parameters, but it is often assumed that intersubject variance is the most important consideration in a group study. In this article, we show that, under common assumptions, estimates of some functions of model parameters, including estimates of task-related differences, are properly tested relative to the intrasubject variance component only. A substantial gain in statistical power can arise from the proper separation of variance components when there is more than one source of variability. We first develop this result analytically, then show how it benefits a multiway factoring of spectral, spatial, and temporal components from EEG data acquired in a group of healthy subjects performing a well-studied response inhibition task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Spence
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Maguire MJ, White J, Brier MR. How semantic categorization influences inhibitory processing in middle-childhood: an Event Related Potentials study. Brain Cogn 2011; 76:77-86. [PMID: 21440972 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2011.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Throughout middle-childhood, inhibitory processes, which underlie many higher order cognitive tasks, are developing. Little is known about how inhibitory processes change as a task becomes conceptually more difficult during these important years. In adults, as Go/NoGo tasks become more difficult there is a systematic decrease in the P3NoGo response, indicating the use of effective inhibitory strategies (Maguire et al., 2009). This paper investigates the age at which children employ similar inhibitory strategies by studying behavioral and Event Related Potential (ERP) measures of response inhibition for three Go/NoGo tasks. Seventeen 7-8 year-olds and twenty 10-11-year-olds completed three Go/NoGo tasks that differed in the level of categorization necessary to respond. Both age groups displayed slower reaction times as the tasks became more difficult. Further, both groups displayed the predicted Go vs. NoGo P3 amplitude differences in the two simplest tasks, but no significant P3 differences for the most complex task. The reason for this pattern of responses was different in the different age groups. Similar to adults in previous work, the oldest children showed an attenuation of the P3 NoGo response with task difficulty, and no corresponding changes in the Go amplitude. The younger children displayed the opposite pattern, a significant increase in the Go amplitude with task difficulty, and no changes in the NoGo response. These response patterns indicate that efficient inhibitory strategies are developing throughout middle-childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy J Maguire
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Callier Center for Communication Disorders, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
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Brier MR, Ferree TC, Maguire MJ, Moore P, Spence J, Tillman GD, Hart, Jr. J, Kraut MA. Frontal theta and alpha power and coherence changes are modulated by semantic complexity in Go/NoGo tasks. Int J Psychophysiol 2010; 78:215-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2010.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Revised: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Maguire MJ, Brier MR, Ferree TC. EEG theta and alpha responses reveal qualitative differences in processing taxonomic versus thematic semantic relationships. Brain Lang 2010; 114:16-25. [PMID: 20403632 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2010.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Revised: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite the importance of semantic relationships to our understanding of semantic knowledge, the nature of the neural processes underlying these abilities are not well understood. In order to investigate these processes, 20 healthy adults listened to thematically related (e.g., leash-dog), taxonomically related (e.g., horse-dog), or unrelated (e.g., desk-dog) noun pairs as their EEG was recorded. The data were analyzed using both event-related potentials (ERP) and event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) analyses. The spatiotemporal ERP and ERSP results were analyzed further with principal component analysis (PCA). When comparing unrelated to related word pairs, the expected N400 effect was confirmed, as well as differences in theta and alpha oscillations. When comparing thematically and taxonomically related word pairs, the ERP revealed no significant differences, but the ERSP did. Specifically, theta power increased over right frontal areas for thematic versus taxonomic relationships and alpha power increased over parietal areas for taxonomic versus thematic relationships. The different oscillatory patterns over different brain regions suggest that thematic and taxonomic relationships engage distinct neural processes. Specifically, thematic relationships engage memory processes, while taxonomic relationships may require additional inhibitory or attention processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy J Maguire
- Callier Center for Communication Disorders, University of Texas at Dallas, 75235, United States.
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Ferree TC, Brier MR, Hart J, Kraut MA. Space-time-frequency analysis of EEG data using within-subject statistical tests followed by sequential PCA. Neuroimage 2008; 45:109-21. [PMID: 18992350 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2008] [Revised: 08/07/2008] [Accepted: 09/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A new method is developed for analyzing the time-varying spectral content of EEG data collected in cognitive tasks. The goal is to extract and summarize the most salient features of numerical results, which span space, time, frequency, task conditions, and multiple subjects. Direct generalization of an established approach for analyzing event-related potentials, which uses sequential PCA followed by ANOVA to test for differences between conditions across subjects, gave unacceptable results. The new method, termed STAT-PCA, advocates statistical testing for differences between conditions within single subjects, followed by sequential PCA across subjects. In contrast to PCA-ANOVA, it is demonstrated that STAT-PCA gives results which: 1) isolate task-related spectral changes, 2) are insensitive to the precise definition of baseline power, 3) are stable under deletion of a random subject, and 4) are interpretable in terms of the group-averaged power. Furthermore, STAT-PCA permits the detection of activity that is not only different between conditions, but also common to both conditions, providing a complete yet parsimonious view of the data. It is concluded that STAT-PCA is well suited for analyzing the time-varying spectral content of EEG during cognitive tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Ferree
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, 75390-8896, USA.
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