1
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Cheng HL, Wang JL, Wang XY, Wu XG, Xiao JF, Wang Y, Zheng Y, Jin X, Xu Y, He LJ, Li CB, Li TX, Zheng M, Zhao ZH, He ZY, Li JZ, Li YQ, Hong R. A torus source and its application for non-primary radiation evaluation. Phys Med Biol 2023; 68:245003. [PMID: 37549670 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/acede7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective. Non-primary radiation doses to normal tissues from proton therapy may be associated with an increased risk of secondary malignancies, particularly in long-term survivors. Thus, a systematic method to evaluate if the dose level of non-primary radiation meets the IEC standard requirements is needed.Approach. Different from the traditional photon radiation therapy system, proton therapy systems are composed of several subsystems in a thick bunker. These subsystems are all possible sources of non-primary radiation threatening the patient. As a case study, 7 sources in the P-Cure synchrotron-based proton therapy system are modeled in Monte Carlo (MC) code: tandem injector, injection, synchrotron ring, extraction, beam transport line, scanning nozzle and concrete reflection/scattering. To accurately evaluate the synchrotron beam loss and non-primary dose, a new model called the torus source model is developed. Its parametric equations define the position and direction of the off-orbit particle bombardment on the torus pipe shell in the Cartesian coordinate system. Non-primary doses are finally calculated by several FLUKA simulations.Main results. The ratios of summarized non-primary doses from different sources to the planned dose of 2 Gy are all much smaller than the IEC requirements in both the 15-50 cm and 50-200 cm regions. Thus, the P-Cure synchrotron-based proton therapy system is clean and patient-friendly, and there is no need an inner shielding concrete between the accelerator and patient.Significance. Non-primary radiation dose level is a very important indicator to evaluate the quality of a PT system. This manuscript provides a feasible MC procedure for synchrotron-based proton therapy with new beam loss model. Which could help people figure out precisely whether this level complies with the IEC standard before the system put into clinical treatment. What' more, the torus source model could be widely used for bending magnets in gantries and synchrotrons to evaluate non-primary doses or other radiation doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Long Cheng
- University of Science and Technology of China, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Hefei 230029, People's Republic of China
- Sino-Israeli Healthy Alliance International Medical Technology Co., Ltd, AcceleratorLaboratory, Weifang 261000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Long Wang
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yun Wang
- Sino-Israeli Healthy Alliance International Medical Technology Co., Ltd, AcceleratorLaboratory, Weifang 261000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Guang Wu
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Fang Xiao
- Sino-Israeli Healthy Alliance International Medical Technology Co., Ltd, AcceleratorLaboratory, Weifang 261000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- Sino-Israeli Healthy Alliance International Medical Technology Co., Ltd, AcceleratorLaboratory, Weifang 261000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Jin
- Department of Nuclear Safety, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Radiation Source, Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center, Beijing 102401, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Juan He
- University of Science and Technology of China, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Hefei 230029, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong-Bo Li
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Xiao Li
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Hao Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Yang He
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Ze Li
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Qiu Li
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Hong
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, People's Republic of China
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2
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Sato YH, Sakata D, Bolst D, Simpson EC, Guatelli S, Haga A. Development of a more accurate Geant4 quantum molecular dynamics model for hadron therapy. Phys Med Biol 2022; 67. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac9a9a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective. Although in heavy-ion therapy, the quantum molecular dynamics (QMD) model is one of the most fundamental physics models providing an accurate daughter-ion production yield in the final state, there are still non-negligible differences with the experimental results. The aim of this study is to improve fragment production in water phantoms by developing a more accurate QMD model in Geant4. Approach. A QMD model was developed by implementing modern Skyrme interaction parameter sets, as well as by incorporating with an ad hoc α-cluster model in the initial nuclear state. Two adjusting parameters were selected that can significantly affect the fragment productions in the QMD model: the radius to discriminate a cluster to which nucleons belong after the nucleus–nucleus reaction, denoted by R, and the squared standard deviation of the Gaussian packet, denoted by L. Squared Mahalanobis’s distance of fragment yields and angular distributions with 1, 2, and the higher atomic number for the produced fragments were employed as objective functions, and multi-objective optimization (MOO), which make it possible to compare quantitatively the simulated production yields with the reference experimental data, was performed. Main results. The MOO analysis showed that the QMD model with modern Skyrme parameters coupled with the proposed α-cluster model, denoted as SkM*
α, can drastically improve light fragments yields in water. In addition, the proposed model reproduced the kinetic energy distribution of the fragments accurately. The optimized L in SkM*
α was confirmed to be realistic by the charge radii analysis in the ground state formation. Significance. The proposed framework using MOO was demonstrated to be very useful in judging the superiority of the proposed nuclear model. The optimized QMD model is expected to improve the accuracy of heavy-ion therapy dosimetry.
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Park H, Paganetti H, Schuemann J, Jia X, Min CH. Monte Carlo methods for device simulations in radiation therapy. Phys Med Biol 2021; 66:10.1088/1361-6560/ac1d1f. [PMID: 34384063 PMCID: PMC8996747 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac1d1f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Monte Carlo (MC) simulations play an important role in radiotherapy, especially as a method to evaluate physical properties that are either impossible or difficult to measure. For example, MC simulations (MCSs) are used to aid in the design of radiotherapy devices or to understand their properties. The aim of this article is to review the MC method for device simulations in radiation therapy. After a brief history of the MC method and popular codes in medical physics, we review applications of the MC method to model treatment heads for neutral and charged particle radiation therapy as well as specific in-room devices for imaging and therapy purposes. We conclude by discussing the impact that MCSs had in this field and the role of MC in future device design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojun Park
- Department of Radiation Convergence Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Harald Paganetti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States of America
| | - Jan Schuemann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States of America
| | - Xun Jia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, United States of America
| | - Chul Hee Min
- Department of Radiation Convergence Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
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4
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Wrońska A, Kasper J, Ahmed AA, Andres A, Bednarczyk P, Gazdowicz G, Herweg K, Hetzel R, Konefał A, Kulessa P, Magiera A, Rusiecka K, Stachura D, Stahl A, Ziębliński M. Prompt-gamma emission in GEANT4 revisited and confronted with experiment. Phys Med 2021; 88:250-261. [PMID: 34315001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The field of online monitoring of the beam range is one of the most researched topics in proton therapy over the last decade. The development of detectors that can be used for beam range verification under clinical conditions is a challenging task. One promising possible solution are modalities that record prompt-gamma radiation produced by the interactions of the proton beam with the target tissue. A good understanding of the energy spectra of the prompt gammas and the yields in certain energy regions is crucial for a successful design of a prompt-gamma detector. Monte-Carlo simulations are an important tool in development and testing of detector concepts, thus the proper modelling of the prompt-gamma emission in those simulations are of vital importance. In this paper, we confront a number of GEANT4 simulations of prompt-gamma emission, performed with different versions of the package and different physics lists, with experimental data obtained from a phantom irradiation with proton beams of four different energies in the range 70-230 MeV. METHODS The comparison is made on different levels: features of the prompt-gamma energy spectrum, gamma emission depth profiles for discrete transitions and the width of the distal fall-off in those profiles. RESULTS The best agreement between the measurements and the simulations is found for the GEANT4 version 10.4.2 and the reference physics list QGSP_BIC_HP. CONCLUSIONS Modifications to prompt-gamma emission modelling in higher versions of the software increase the discrepancy between the simulation results and the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Wrońska
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Jonas Kasper
- Physics Institute 3B, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Arshiya Anees Ahmed
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Achim Andres
- Physics Institute 3B, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Piotr Bednarczyk
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Gazdowicz
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katrin Herweg
- Physics Institute 3B, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ronja Hetzel
- Physics Institute 3B, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Adam Konefał
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Paweł Kulessa
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Magiera
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Rusiecka
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Damian Stachura
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Achim Stahl
- Physics Institute 3B, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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5
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Hueso-González F, Bortfeld T. Compact Method for Proton Range Verification Based on Coaxial Prompt Gamma-Ray Monitoring: a Theoretical Study. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RADIATION AND PLASMA MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 4:170-183. [PMID: 32258856 PMCID: PMC7111431 DOI: 10.1109/trpms.2019.2930362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Range uncertainties in proton therapy hamper treatment precision. Prompt gamma-rays were suggested 16 years ago for real-time range verification, and have already shown promising results in clinical studies with collimated cameras. Simultaneously, alternative imaging concepts without collimation are investigated to reduce the footprint and price of current prototypes. In this manuscript, a compact range verification method is presented. It monitors prompt gamma-rays with a single scintillation detector positioned coaxially to the beam and behind the patient. Thanks to the solid angle effect, proton range deviations can be derived from changes in the number of gamma-rays detected per proton, provided that the number of incident protons is well known. A theoretical background is formulated and the requirements for a future proof-of-principle experiment are identified. The potential benefits and disadvantages of the method are discussed, and the prospects and potential obstacles for its use during patient treatments are assessed. The final milestone is to monitor proton range differences in clinical cases with a statistical precision of 1 mm, a material cost of 25000 USD and a weight below 10 kg. This technique could facilitate the widespread application of in vivo range verification in proton therapy and eventually the improvement of treatment quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Hueso-González
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States of America
| | - T Bortfeld
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States of America
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6
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Dal Bello R, Magalhaes Martins P, Graça J, Hermann G, Kihm T, Seco J. Results from the experimental evaluation of CeBr 3 scintillators for 4 He prompt gamma spectroscopy. Med Phys 2019; 46:3615-3626. [PMID: 31087394 DOI: 10.1002/mp.13594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The presence of range uncertainties hinders the exploitation of the full potential of charged particle therapy. Several range verification techniques have been proposed to mitigate this limitation. Prompt gamma spectroscopy (PGS) is among the most promising solutions for online and in vivo range verification. In this work, we present the experimental results of the detection of prompt gamma radiation, induced by 4 He beams at the Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT). The results were obtained, using a spectroscopic unit of which the design has been optimized using Monte Carlo simulations. METHODS The spectroscopic unit is composed by a primary cerium bromide (CeBr 3 ) crystal surrounded by a secondary bismuth germanate (BGO) crystal for anticoincidence detection (AC). The digitalization of the signals is performed with an advanced FADC/FPGA system. The 4 He beams at clinical energies and intensities are delivered to multiple targets in the experimental cave at the HIT. We analyze the production of prompt gamma on oxygen and carbon targets, as well as high Z materials such as titanium and aluminum. The quantitative analysis includes a systematic comparison of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement for the spectral lines when introducing the AC detection. Moreover, the SNR improvement could provide a reduction of the number of events required to draw robust conclusions. We perform a statistic analysis to determine the magnitude of such an effect. RESULTS We present the energy spectra detected by the primary CeBr 3 and the secondary BGO. The combination of these two detectors leads to an average increase of the signal-to-noise ratio by a factor 2.1, which confirms the Monte Carlo predictions. The spectroscopic unit is capable of detecting efficiently the discrete gamma emission over the full energy spectrum. We identify and analyze 19 independent spectral lines in an energy range spacing from E γ = 0.718 MeV to E γ = 6.13 MeV. Moreover, when introducing the AC detection, the number of events required to determine robustly the intensity of the discrete lines decreases. Finally, the analysis of the low-energy reaction lines determines whether a thin metal insert is introduced in the beam direction. CONCLUSIONS This work provides the experimental characterization of the spectroscopy unit in development for range verification through PGS at the HIT. Excellent performances have been demonstrated over the full prompt gamma energy spectrum with 4 He beams at clinical energies and intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Dal Bello
- Division of Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Neuenheimer Feld 226, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Paulo Magalhaes Martins
- Division of Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.,Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, 1749-016, Portugal
| | - João Graça
- Electronic Development Laboratory, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - German Hermann
- Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics, P.O. Box 103980, Heidelberg, 69029, Germany
| | - Thomas Kihm
- Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics, P.O. Box 103980, Heidelberg, 69029, Germany
| | - Joao Seco
- Division of Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Neuenheimer Feld 226, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
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7
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Zarifi M, Guatelli S, Qi Y, Bolst D, Prokopovich D, Rosenfeld A. Characterization of prompt gamma ray emission for in vivo range verification in particle therapy: A simulation study. Phys Med 2019; 62:20-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2019.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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8
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Cambraia Lopes P, Crespo P, Simões H, Ferreira Marques R, Parodi K, Schaart DR. Simulation of proton range monitoring in an anthropomorphic phantom using multi-slat collimators and time-of-flight detection of prompt-gamma quanta. Phys Med 2018; 54:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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9
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Dal Bello R, Magalhaes Martins P, Seco J. CeBr3scintillators for4He prompt gamma spectroscopy: Results from a Monte Carlo optimization study. Med Phys 2018; 45:1622-1630. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Dal Bello
- Division of Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; Heidelberg University; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Paulo Magalhaes Martins
- Division of Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica; Faculdade de Ciências; Universidade de Lisboa; 1749-016 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Joao Seco
- Division of Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; Heidelberg University; Heidelberg Germany
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10
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Yamaguchi M, Nagao Y, Ando K, Yamamoto S, Sakai M, Parajuli RK, Arakawa K, Kawachi N. Imaging of monochromatic beams by measuring secondary electron bremsstrahlung for carbon-ion therapy using a pinhole x-ray camera. Phys Med Biol 2018; 63:045016. [PMID: 29235991 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aaa17c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A feasibility study on the imaging of monochromatic carbon-ion beams for carbon-ion therapy was performed. The evaluation was based on Monte Carlo simulations and beam-irradiation experiments, using a pinhole x-ray camera, which measured secondary electron bremsstrahlung (SEB). The simulation results indicated that the trajectories of the carbon-ion beams with injection energies of 278, 249 and 218 MeV/u in a water phantom, were clearly imaged by measuring the SEB with energies from 30 to 60 keV, using a pinhole camera. The Bragg-peak positions for these three injection energies were located at the positions where the ratios of the counts of SEB acquisitions to the maximum counts were approximately 0.23, 0.26 and 0.29, respectively. Moreover, we experimentally demonstrated that it was possible to identify the Bragg-peak positons, at the positions where the ratios coincided with the simulation results. However, the estimated Bragg-peak positions for the injection energies of 278 and 249 MeV/u were slightly deeper than the expected positions. In conclusion, for both the simulations and experiments, we found that the 25 mm shifts in the Bragg-peak positions can be observed by this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutaka Yamaguchi
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki-machi, Takasaki, Gunma, Japan. Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed
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11
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Abstract
Oxygen ([Formula: see text]) ions are a potential alternative to carbon ions in ion beam therapy. Their enhanced linear energy transfer indicates a higher relative biological effectiveness and a reduced oxygen enhancement ratio. Due to the limited availability of [Formula: see text] ion beams, Monte Carlo (MC) transport codes are important research tools for investigating their potential. The purpose of this study was to validate GATE/Geant4 for [Formula: see text] ion beam therapy using experimental data from literature. Five hadron physics lists and two electromagnetic options were benchmarked against measured depth dose distributions (DDDs) and charge-changing cross sections. The simulated beam ranges deviated by less than 0.5% for all physics configurations and only a few points exceeded the gamma index criterion (2%/1 mm). However, the simulated partial charge-changing cross sections deviated considerably for some hadron physics configurations. Best agreement with the experimental values was obtained with the quantum molecular dynamics model (QMD), and we therefore suggest using this model in Geant4 to accurately describe the fragmentation of [Formula: see text] ion beams into lighter fragments ([Formula: see text]).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas F Resch
- Division Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Radiotherapy, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Medical Radiation Research for Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna/AKH Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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12
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Vanstalle M, Mattei I, Sarti A, Bellini F, Bini F, Collamati F, Lucia ED, Durante M, Faccini R, Ferroni F, Finck C, Fiore S, Marafini M, Patera V, Piersanti L, Rovituso M, Schuy C, Sciubba A, Traini G, Voena C, Tessa CL. Benchmarking Geant4 hadronic models for prompt‐
γ
monitoring in carbon ion therapy. Med Phys 2017; 44:4276-4286. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.12348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alessio Sarti
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN Frascati Italy
| | | | - Fabiano Bini
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale Sapienza Universita di Roma Roma Italy
| | | | - Erika De Lucia
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN Frascati Italy
| | - Marco Durante
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung Darmstadt Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Luca Piersanti
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN Frascati Italy
| | - Marta Rovituso
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung Darmstadt Germany
| | - Christoph Schuy
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung Darmstadt Germany
| | | | | | | | - Chiara La Tessa
- NASA Space Radiation Laboratory Brookhaven National Laboratory Uptown NY USA
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13
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Schumann A, Priegnitz M, Schoene S, Enghardt W, Rohling H, Fiedler F. From prompt gamma distribution to dose: a novel approach combining an evolutionary algorithm and filtering based on Gaussian-powerlaw convolutions. Phys Med Biol 2016; 61:6919-6934. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/61/19/6919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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14
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Durante M, Paganetti H. Nuclear physics in particle therapy: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2016; 79:096702. [PMID: 27540827 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/79/9/096702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Charged particle therapy has been largely driven and influenced by nuclear physics. The increase in energy deposition density along the ion path in the body allows reducing the dose to normal tissues during radiotherapy compared to photons. Clinical results of particle therapy support the physical rationale for this treatment, but the method remains controversial because of the high cost and of the lack of comparative clinical trials proving the benefit compared to x-rays. Research in applied nuclear physics, including nuclear interactions, dosimetry, image guidance, range verification, novel accelerators and beam delivery technologies, can significantly improve the clinical outcome in particle therapy. Measurements of fragmentation cross-sections, including those for the production of positron-emitting fragments, and attenuation curves are needed for tuning Monte Carlo codes, whose use in clinical environments is rapidly increasing thanks to fast calculation methods. Existing cross sections and codes are indeed not very accurate in the energy and target regions of interest for particle therapy. These measurements are especially urgent for new ions to be used in therapy, such as helium. Furthermore, nuclear physics hardware developments are frequently finding applications in ion therapy due to similar requirements concerning sensors and real-time data processing. In this review we will briefly describe the physics bases, and concentrate on the open issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Durante
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications (TIFPA), National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Povo (TN), Italy. Department of Physics, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
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15
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Verburg JM, Grassberger C, Dowdell S, Schuemann J, Seco J, Paganetti H. Automated Monte Carlo Simulation of Proton Therapy Treatment Plans. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2016; 15:NP35-NP46. [DOI: 10.1177/1533034615614139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simulations of clinical proton radiotherapy treatment plans using general purpose Monte Carlo codes have been proven to be a valuable tool for basic research and clinical studies. They have been used to benchmark dose calculation methods, to study radiobiological effects, and to develop new technologies such as in vivo range verification methods. Advancements in the availability of computational power have made it feasible to perform such simulations on large sets of patient data, resulting in a need for automated and consistent simulations. A framework called MCAUTO was developed for this purpose. Both passive scattering and pencil beam scanning delivery are supported. The code handles the data exchange between the treatment planning system and the Monte Carlo system, which requires not only transfer of plan and imaging information but also translation of institutional procedures, such as output factor definitions. Simulations are performed on a high-performance computing infrastructure. The simulation methods were designed to use the full capabilities of Monte Carlo physics models, while also ensuring consistency in the approximations that are common to both pencil beam and Monte Carlo dose calculations. Although some methods need to be tailored to institutional planning systems and procedures, the described procedures show a general road map that can be easily translated to other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost Mathijs Verburg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clemens Grassberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen Dowdell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jan Schuemann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joao Seco
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Harald Paganetti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Lau A, Ahmad S, Chen Y. A simulation study investigating a Cherenkov material for use with the prompt gamma range verification in proton therapy. JOURNAL OF X-RAY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016; 24:565-582. [PMID: 27163377 DOI: 10.3233/xst-160575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In vivo range verification methods will reveal information about the penetration depth into a patient for an incident proton beam. The prompt gamma (PG) method is a promising in vivo technique that has been shown to yield this range information by measuring the escaping MeV photons given a suitable detector system. The majority of current simulations investigating PG detectors utilize common scintillating materials ideal for photons within a low neutron background radiation field using complex geometries or novel designs. In this work we simulate a minimal detector system using a material ideal for MeV photon detection in the presence of a significant neutron field based on the Cherenkov phenomenon. The response of this selected material was quantified for the escaping particles commonly found in proton therapy applications and the feasibility of using the PG technique for this detector material was studied. Our simulations found that the majority of the range information can be determined by detecting photons emitted with a timing window less than ∼50 ns after the interaction of the proton beam with the water phantom and with an energy threshold focusing on the energy range of the de-excitation of 16O photons (∼6 MeV). The Cherenkov material investigated is able to collect these photons and estimate the range with timescales on the order of tens of nanoseconds as well as greatly suppress the signal due to neutron.
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17
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Dedes G, Parodi K. Monte Carlo Simulations of Particle Interactions with Tissue in Carbon Ion Therapy. Int J Part Ther 2016; 2:447-458. [PMID: 31772955 PMCID: PMC6874200 DOI: 10.14338/ijpt-15-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Monte Carlo simulations are increasingly considered the most accurate tool for calculating particle interactions with tissue. This contribution reviews the basics of Monte Carlo methods and their emerging role for application to several areas of macroscopic simulation in the worldwide rapidly growing field of carbon ion therapy, spanning from dosimetric calculations to imaging of secondary radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Dedes
- Department of Medical Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Katia Parodi
- Department of Medical Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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18
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Pinto M, Dauvergne D, Freud N, Krimmer J, Létang JM, Testa E. Assessment of Geant4 Prompt-Gamma Emission Yields in the Context of Proton Therapy Monitoring. Front Oncol 2016; 6:10. [PMID: 26858937 PMCID: PMC4729887 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Monte Carlo tools have been long used to assist the research and development of solutions for proton therapy monitoring. The present work focuses on the prompt-gamma emission yields by comparing experimental data with the outcomes of the current version of Geant4 using all applicable proton inelastic models. For the case in study and using the binary cascade model, it was found that Geant4 overestimates the prompt-gamma emission yields by 40.2 ± 0.3%, even though it predicts the prompt-gamma profile length of the experimental profile accurately. In addition, the default implementations of all proton inelastic models show an overestimation in the number of prompt gammas emitted. Finally, a set of built-in options and physically sound Geant4 source code changes have been tested in order to try to improve the discrepancy observed. A satisfactory agreement was found when using the QMD model with a wave packet width equal to 1.3 fm2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pinto
- CNRS/IN2P3 UMR 5822, IPNL, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1 , Villeurbanne , France
| | - Denis Dauvergne
- CNRS/IN2P3 UMR 5822, IPNL, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1 , Villeurbanne , France
| | - Nicolas Freud
- CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220, INSERM U1044, INSA-Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1 , Lyon , France
| | - Jochen Krimmer
- CNRS/IN2P3 UMR 5822, IPNL, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1 , Villeurbanne , France
| | - Jean M Létang
- CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220, INSERM U1044, INSA-Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1 , Lyon , France
| | - Etienne Testa
- CNRS/IN2P3 UMR 5822, IPNL, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1 , Villeurbanne , France
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19
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Kraan AC. Range Verification Methods in Particle Therapy: Underlying Physics and Monte Carlo Modeling. Front Oncol 2015; 5:150. [PMID: 26217586 PMCID: PMC4493660 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hadron therapy allows for highly conformal dose distributions and better sparing of organs-at-risk, thanks to the characteristic dose deposition as function of depth. However, the quality of hadron therapy treatments is closely connected with the ability to predict and achieve a given beam range in the patient. Currently, uncertainties in particle range lead to the employment of safety margins, at the expense of treatment quality. Much research in particle therapy is therefore aimed at developing methods to verify the particle range in patients. Non-invasive in vivo monitoring of the particle range can be performed by detecting secondary radiation, emitted from the patient as a result of nuclear interactions of charged hadrons with tissue, including β (+) emitters, prompt photons, and charged fragments. The correctness of the dose delivery can be verified by comparing measured and pre-calculated distributions of the secondary particles. The reliability of Monte Carlo (MC) predictions is a key issue. Correctly modeling the production of secondaries is a non-trivial task, because it involves nuclear physics interactions at energies, where no rigorous theories exist to describe them. The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of various aspects in modeling the physics processes for range verification with secondary particles produced in proton, carbon, and heavier ion irradiation. We discuss electromagnetic and nuclear interactions of charged hadrons in matter, which is followed by a summary of some widely used MC codes in hadron therapy. Then, we describe selected examples of how these codes have been validated and used in three range verification techniques: PET, prompt gamma, and charged particle detection. We include research studies and clinically applied methods. For each of the techniques, we point out advantages and disadvantages, as well as clinical challenges still to be addressed, focusing on MC simulation aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aafke Christine Kraan
- Department of Physics, National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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20
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Pinto M, Dauvergne D, Freud N, Krimmer J, Letang JM, Ray C, Roellinghoff F, Testa E. Design optimisation of a TOF-based collimated camera prototype for online hadrontherapy monitoring. Phys Med Biol 2014; 59:7653-74. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/59/24/7653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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21
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Golnik C, Hueso-González F, Müller A, Dendooven P, Enghardt W, Fiedler F, Kormoll T, Roemer K, Petzoldt J, Wagner A, Pausch G. Range assessment in particle therapy based on promptγ-ray timing measurements. Phys Med Biol 2014; 59:5399-422. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/59/18/5399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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