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Lo Presti F, Pellegrino AL, Micard Q, Condorelli GG, Margueron S, Bartasyte A, Malandrino G. LiNbO 3 Thin Films through a Sol-Gel/Spin-Coating Approach Using a Novel Heterobimetallic Lithium-Niobium Precursor. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:345. [PMID: 38392718 PMCID: PMC10892834 DOI: 10.3390/nano14040345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Lithium niobate is a lead-free material which has attracted considerable attention due to its excellent optical, piezoelectric, and ferroelectric properties. This research is devoted to the synthesis through an innovative sol-gel/spin-coating approach of polycrystalline LiNbO3 films on Si substrates. A novel single-source hetero-bimetallic precursor containing lithium and niobium was synthesized and applied to the sol-gel synthesis. The structural, compositional, and thermal characteristics of the precursor have been tested through attenuated total reflection, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. The LiNbO3 films have been characterized from a structural point of view with combined X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy have been used to study the morphological and compositional properties of the deposited films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Lo Presti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, and INSTM UdR Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy; (F.L.P.); (A.L.P.); (G.G.C.)
| | - Anna Lucia Pellegrino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, and INSTM UdR Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy; (F.L.P.); (A.L.P.); (G.G.C.)
| | - Quentin Micard
- FEMTO-ST Institute, University of Franche-Comté, ENSMM CNRS UMR 6174, 26 Rue de l’Epitaphe, F-25030 Besançon, France (S.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Guglielmo Guido Condorelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, and INSTM UdR Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy; (F.L.P.); (A.L.P.); (G.G.C.)
| | - Samuel Margueron
- FEMTO-ST Institute, University of Franche-Comté, ENSMM CNRS UMR 6174, 26 Rue de l’Epitaphe, F-25030 Besançon, France (S.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Ausrine Bartasyte
- FEMTO-ST Institute, University of Franche-Comté, ENSMM CNRS UMR 6174, 26 Rue de l’Epitaphe, F-25030 Besançon, France (S.M.); (A.B.)
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, F-75231 Paris, France
| | - Graziella Malandrino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, and INSTM UdR Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy; (F.L.P.); (A.L.P.); (G.G.C.)
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Bartasyte A, Oliveri S, Boujnah S, Margueron S, Bachelet R, Saint-Girons G, Albertini D, Gautier B, Boulet P, Nuta I, Blanquet E, Astié V, Decams JM. Integration of epitaxial LiNbO 3thin films with silicon technology. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:175601. [PMID: 38181437 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad1b98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Development of bulk acoustic wave filters with ultra-wide pass bands and operating at high frequencies for 5thand 6thgeneration telecommunication applications and micro-scale actuators, energy harvesters and sensors requires lead-free piezoelectric thin films with high electromechanical coupling and compatible with Si technology. In this paper, the epitaxial growth of 36°Y-X and 30°X-Y LiNbO3films by direct liquid injection chemical vapour deposition on Si substrates by using epitaxial SrTiO3layers, grown by molecular beam epitaxy, has been demonstrated. The stability of the interfaces and chemical interactions between SrTiO3, LiNbO3and Si were studied experimentally and by thermodynamical calculations. The experimental conditions for pure 36°Y-X orientation growth have been optimized. The piezoelectricity of epitaxial 36°Y-X LiNbO3/SrTiO3/Si films was confirmed by means of piezoelectric force microscopy measurements and the ferroelectric domain inversion was attained at 85 kV.cm-1as expected for the nearly stoichiometric LiNbO3. According to the theoretical calculations, 36°Y-X LiNbO3films on Si could offer an electromechanical coupling of 24.4% for thickness extension excitation of bulk acoustic waves and a comparable figure of merit of actuators and vibrational energy harvesters to that of standard PbZr1-xTixO3films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ausrine Bartasyte
- FEMTO-ST Institute, University of Franche-Comté, CNRS (UMR 6174), ENSMM, Besançon, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Stefania Oliveri
- FEMTO-ST Institute, University of Franche-Comté, CNRS (UMR 6174), ENSMM, Besançon, France
| | - Sondes Boujnah
- FEMTO-ST Institute, University of Franche-Comté, CNRS (UMR 6174), ENSMM, Besançon, France
| | - Samuel Margueron
- FEMTO-ST Institute, University of Franche-Comté, CNRS (UMR 6174), ENSMM, Besançon, France
| | - Romain Bachelet
- Université de Lyon, Ecole centrale de Lyon, INL, Ecully cedex, France
| | | | | | - Brice Gautier
- Université de Lyon, INSA de Lyon, INL, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pascal Boulet
- Jean Lamour Institute, CNRS (UMR 7198), University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Ioana Nuta
- SIMAP, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS (UMR 5266), Saint Martin d'Hères, France
| | - Elisabeth Blanquet
- SIMAP, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS (UMR 5266), Saint Martin d'Hères, France
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Chen K, Wu J, Hu Q, Lu Z, Sun X, Wang Z, Tang G, Hu H, Xue D. Omni-functional crystal: Advanced methods to characterize the composition and homogeneity of lithium niobate melts and crystals. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2022; 2:20220059. [PMID: 37325602 PMCID: PMC10191049 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20220059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lithium niobate (LN) is a type of multifunctional dielectric and ferroelectric crystal that is widely used in acoustic, optical, and optoelectronic devices. The performance of pure and doped LN strongly depends on various factors, including its composition, microstructure, defects, domain, and homogeneity. The structure and composition homogeneity can affect both the chemical and physical properties of LN crystals, including their density, Curie temperature, refractive index, and piezoelectric and mechanical properties. In terms of practical demands, both the composition and microstructure characterizations these crystals must range from the nanometer scale up to the millimeter and wafer scales. Therefore, LN crystals require different characterization technologies when verifying their quality for various device applications. Optical, electrical, and acoustic technologies have been developed, including x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and interferometry. To obtain detailed structural information, advanced sub-nanometer technologies are required. For general industrial demands, fast and non-destructive technologies are preferable. This review outlines the advanced methods used to characterize both the composition and homogeneity of LN melts and crystals from the micro- to wafer scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunfeng Chen
- Institute of Novel SemiconductorsState Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Ji'an Wu
- Institute of Novel SemiconductorsState Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Qianyu Hu
- Institute of Novel SemiconductorsState Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Zheng Lu
- Institute of Novel SemiconductorsState Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Xiangfei Sun
- Institute of Novel SemiconductorsState Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Institute of Novel SemiconductorsState Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Gongbin Tang
- Institute of Novel SemiconductorsState Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Hui Hu
- School of PhysicsState Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Dongfeng Xue
- Multiscale Crystal Materials Research CenterShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
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Molten Chlorides as the Precursors to Modify the Ionic Composition and Properties of LiNbO 3 Single Crystal and Fine Powders. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15103551. [PMID: 35629577 PMCID: PMC9142969 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Modifying lithium niobate cation composition improves not only the functional properties of the acousto- and optoelectronic materials as well as ferroelectrics but elevates the protonic transfer in LiNbO3-based electrolytes of the solid oxide electrochemical devices. Molten chlorides and other thermally stable salts are not considered practically as the precursors to synthesize and modify oxide compounds. This article presents and discusses the results of an experimental study of the full or partial heterovalent substitution of lithium ion in nanosized LiNbO3 powders and in the surface layer of LiNbO3 single crystal using molten salt mixtures containing calcium, lead, and rare-earth metals (REM) chlorides as the precursors. The special features of heterovalent ion exchange in chloride melts are revealed such as hetero-epitaxial cation exchange at the interface PbCl2-containing melt/lithium niobate single crystal; the formation of Li(1−x) Ca(x/2)V(x/2)Li+ NbO3 solid solutions with cation vacancies as an intermediate product of the reaction of heterovalent substitution of lithium ion by calcium in LiNbO3 powders; the formation of lanthanide orthoniobates with a tetragonal crystal structure such as scheelite as the result of lithium niobate interaction with trichlorides of rare-earth elements. It is shown that the fundamental properties of ion-modifiers (ion radius, nominal charge), temperature, and duration of isothermal treatment determine the products’ chemical composition and the rate of heterovalent substitution of Li+-ion in lithium niobate.
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Integration Technology for Wafer-Level LiNbO 3 Single-Crystal Thin Film on Silicon by Polyimide Adhesive Bonding and Chemical Mechanical Polishing. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11102554. [PMID: 34685009 PMCID: PMC8537918 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An integration technology for wafer-level LiNbO3 single-crystal thin film on Si has been achieved. The optimized spin-coating speed of PI (polyimide) adhesive is 3500 rad/min. According to Fourier infrared analysis of the chemical state of the film baked under different conditions, a high-quality PI film that can be used for wafer-level bonding is obtained. A high bonding strength of 11.38 MPa is obtained by a tensile machine. The bonding interface is uniform, completed and non-porous. After the PI adhesive bonding process, the LiNbO3 single-crystal was lapped by chemical mechanical polishing. The thickness of the 100 mm diameter LiNbO3 can be decreased from 500 to 10 μm without generating serious cracks. A defect-free and tight bonding interface was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction results show that the prepared LiNbO3 single-crystal thin film has a highly crystalline quality. Heterogeneous integration of LiNbO3 single-crystal thin film on Si is of great significance to the fabrication of MEMS devices for in-situ measurement of space-sensing signals.
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Synthesis of LiNbO3 nanocrystals by microwave-assisted hydrothermal method: formation mechanism and application to hydrogen evolution reaction. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01616-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Investigations of LiNb1−xTaxO3 Nanopowders Obtained with Mechanochemical Method. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11070755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanocrystalline compounds LiNb1−xTaxO3 of various compositions (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) were synthesized by high-energy ball milling of the initial materials (Li2CO3, Nb2O5, Ta2O5) and subsequent high-temperature annealing of the resulting powders. Data on the phase composition of the nanopowders were obtained by X-ray diffraction methods, and the dependence of the structural parameters of LiNb1−xTaxO3 compounds on the value of x was established. As a result of the experiments, the optimal parameters of the milling and annealing runs were determined, which made it possible to obtain single-phase compounds. The Raman scattering spectra of LiNb1−xTaxO3 compounds (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) have been investigated. Preliminary experiments have been carried out to study the temperature dependences of their electrical conductivity.
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Abstract
High-quality epitaxial growth of thin film lithium niobate (LiNbO3) is highly desirable for optical and acoustic device applications. Despite decades of research, current state-of-the-art epitaxial techniques are limited by either the material quality or growth rates needed for practical devices. In this paper, we provide a short summary of the primary challenges of lithium niobate epitaxy followed by a brief historical review of lithium niobate epitaxy for prevalent epitaxial techniques. Available figures of merit for crystalline quality and optical transmission losses are given for each growth method. The highest crystalline quality lithium niobate thin film was recently grown by halide-based molecular beam epitaxy and is comparable to bulk lithium niobate crystals. However, these high-quality crystals are grown at slow rates that limit many practical applications. Given the many challenges that lithium niobate epitaxy imposes and the wide variety of methods that have unsuccessfully attempted to surmount these barriers, new approaches to lithium niobate epitaxy are required to meet the need for simultaneously high crystalline quality and sufficient thickness for devices not currently practical by existing techniques.
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Zhou J, Liu M, Lu M, Lin PT. Mid-infrared frequency doubling using strip-loaded silicon nitride on epitaxial barium titanate thin film waveguides. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:6358-6361. [PMID: 33258811 DOI: 10.1364/ol.403760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Broadband mid-infrared (mid-IR) frequency doubling was demonstrated using nonlinear barium titanate (BTO) thin films. The device has a strip-loaded waveguide structure consisting of top silicon nitride (SiN) strips and an underneath BTO guiding layer. The epitaxial BTO was deposited on a strontium titanate (STO) substrate by pulsed-laser deposition. Through a SiN grating coupler, the pumping mid-IR light at wavelength λ=3.30-3.45µm was coupled into the nonlinear BTO layer, where the spectrum of the near-infrared (NIR) second-harmonic generation was characterized. The developed BTO waveguides provide a platform for mid-IR nonlinear integrated photonics and on-chip quantum optics.
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Abstract
A review of lithium niobate single crystals and polycrystals in the form of powders has been prepared. Both the classical and recent literature on this topic are revisited. It is composed of two parts with sections. The current part discusses the earliest developments in this field. It treats in detail the basic concepts, the crystal structure, some of the established indirect methods to determine the chemical composition, and the main mechanisms that lead to the manifestation of ferroelectricity. Emphasis has been put on the powdered version of this material: methods of synthesis, the accurate determination of its chemical composition, and its role in new and potential applications are discussed. Historical remarks can be found scattered throughout this contribution. Particularly, an old conception of the crystal structure thought as a derivative structure from one of higher symmetry by generalized distortion is here revived.
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11
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Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Based on LiNbO 3 Thin Films. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13183984. [PMID: 32916820 PMCID: PMC7558364 DOI: 10.3390/ma13183984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the results of the influence of the energy of laser pulses during laser ablation on the morphology and electro-physical properties of LiNbO3 nanocrystalline films. It is found that increasing laser pulse energy from 180 to 220 mJ results in the concentration of charge carriers in LiNbO3 films decreasing from 8.6 × 1015 to 1.0 × 1013 cm-3, with the mobility of charge carriers increasing from 0.43 to 17.4 cm2/(V·s). In addition, experimental studies of sublayer material effects on the geometric parameters of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are performed. It is found that the material of the lower electrode has a significant effect on the formation of CNTs. CNTs obtained at the same growth time on a sample with a Cr sublayer have a smaller diameter and a longer length compared to samples with a V sublayer. Based on the obtained results, the architecture of the energy nanogenerator is proposed. The current generated by the nanogenerator is 18 nA under mechanical stress of 600 nN. The obtained piezoelectric nanogenerator parameters are used to estimate the parameters of the hybrid-carbon-nanostructures-based piezoelectric energy converter. Obtained results are promising for the development of efficient energy converters for alternative energy devices based on lead-free ferroelectric films.
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Soma T, Yoshimatsu K, Ohtomo A. p-type transparent superconductivity in a layered oxide. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabb8570. [PMID: 32832647 PMCID: PMC7439643 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb8570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Development of p-type transparent conducting materials has been a challenging issue. The known p-type transparent conductors unsatisfy both of high transparency and high conductivity nor exhibit superconductivity. Here, we report on epitaxial synthesis, excellent p-type transparent conductivity, and two-dimensional superconductivity of Li1-x NbO2. The LiNbO2 epitaxial films with NbO2 sheets parallel to (111) plane of cubic MgAl2O4 substrates were stabilized by heating amorphous films. The hole doping associated with Li+ ion deintercalation triggered superconductivity below 4.2 kelvin. Optical measurements revealed that the averaged transmittance to the visible light of ~100-nanometer-thick Li1-x NbO2 was ~77%, despite the large number of hole carriers exceeding 1022 per cubic centimeter. These results indicate that Li1-x NbO2 is a previously unknown p-type transparent superconductor, in which strongly correlated electrons at the largely isolated Nb 4d z2 band play an important role for the high transparency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuto Soma
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Kohei Yoshimatsu
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Akira Ohtomo
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
- Materials Research Center for Element Strategy (MCES), Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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Mechanochemical Reactions of Lithium Niobate Induced by High-Energy Ball-Milling. CRYSTALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst9070334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lithium niobate (LiNbO3, LN) nanocrystals were prepared by ball-milling of the crucible residue of a Czochralski grown congruent single crystal, using a Spex 8000 Mixer Mill with different types of vials (stainless steel, alumina, tungsten carbide) and various milling parameters. Dynamic light scattering and powder X-ray diffraction were used to determine the achieved particle and grain sizes, respectively. Possible contamination from the vials was checked by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements. Milling resulted in sample darkening due to mechanochemical reduction of Nb (V) via polaron and bipolaron formation, oxygen release and Li2O segregation, while subsequent oxidizing heat-treatments recovered the white color with the evaporation of Li2O and crystallization of a LiNb3O8 phase instead. The phase transformations occurring during both the grinding and the post-grinding heat treatments were studied by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and optical reflection measurement, while the Li2O content of the as-ground samples was quantitatively measured by coulometric titration.
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Ali RF, Bilton M, Gates BD. One-pot synthesis of sub-10 nm LiNbO 3 nanocrystals exhibiting a tunable optical second harmonic response. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:2268-2275. [PMID: 36131980 PMCID: PMC9417713 DOI: 10.1039/c8na00171e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanophotonics, dealing with the properties of light interacting with nanometer scale materials and structures, has emerged as a sought after platform for sensing and imaging applications, and is impacting fields that include advanced information technology, signal processing circuits, and cryptography. Lithium niobate (LiNbO3) is a unique photonic material, often referred to as the "silicon of photonics" due to its excellent optical properties. In this article, we introduce a solution-phase method to prepare single-crystalline LiNbO3 nanoparticles with average diameters of 7 nm. This one-pot approach forms well-dispersed LiNbO3 nanocrystals without additional organic additives (e.g., surfactants) to control growth and aggregation of the nanoparticles. Formation of these LiNbO3 nanocrystals proceeds through a non-aqueous sol-gel reaction, in which lithium hydroxide and niobium hydroxide species were generated in situ. The reaction proceeded through both a condensation and crystallization of these reactants to form the solid nanoparticles. These nanocrystals of LiNbO3 were active for optical second harmonic generation (SHG) with a tunable response from 400 to 500 nm. These nanoparticles could enable further development of non-linear optical techniques such as SHG microscopy for bioimaging, which requires the dimensions of nanoparticles to be well below 100 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Faryad Ali
- Department of Chemistry and 4D LABS, Simon Fraser University 8888 University Drive Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Matthew Bilton
- Department of Chemistry and 4D LABS, Simon Fraser University 8888 University Drive Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Byron D Gates
- Department of Chemistry and 4D LABS, Simon Fraser University 8888 University Drive Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
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Yoo TS, Lee SA, Roh C, Kang S, Seol D, Guan X, Bae JS, Kim J, Kim YM, Jeong HY, Jeong S, Mohamed AY, Cho DY, Jo JY, Park S, Wu T, Kim Y, Lee J, Choi WS. Ferroelectric Polarization Rotation in Order-Disorder-Type LiNbO 3 Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:41471-41478. [PMID: 30406659 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The direction of ferroelectric polarization is prescribed by the symmetry of the crystal structure. Therefore, rotation of the polarization direction is largely limited, despite the opportunity it offers in understanding important dielectric phenomena such as piezoelectric response near the morphotropic phase boundaries and practical applications such as ferroelectric memory. In this study, we report the observation of continuous rotation of ferroelectric polarization in order-disorder-type LiNbO3 thin films. The spontaneous polarization could be tilted from an out-of-plane to an in-plane direction in the thin film by controlling the Li vacancy concentration within the hexagonal lattice framework. Partial inclusion of monoclinic-like phase is attributed to the breaking of macroscopic inversion symmetry along different directions and the emergence of ferroelectric polarization along the in-plane direction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Changjae Roh
- Department of Physics and Photon Science , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju 61005 , Korea
| | | | | | - Xinwei Guan
- Materials Science and Engineering , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Jong-Seong Bae
- Busan Center , Korea Basic Science Institute , Busan 46742 , Korea
| | - Jiwoong Kim
- Department of Physics , Pusan National University , Busan 46241 , Korea
| | | | - Hu Young Jeong
- UNIST Central Research Facilities , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology , Ulsan 44919 , Korea
| | | | - Ahmed Yousef Mohamed
- IPIT & Department of Physics , Chonbuk National University , Jeonju 54896 , Korea
| | - Deok-Yong Cho
- IPIT & Department of Physics , Chonbuk National University , Jeonju 54896 , Korea
| | - Ji Young Jo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju 61005 , Korea
| | - Sungkyun Park
- Department of Physics , Pusan National University , Busan 46241 , Korea
| | - Tom Wu
- Materials Science and Engineering , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
| | | | - Jongseok Lee
- Department of Physics and Photon Science , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju 61005 , Korea
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Influence of Mineral Admixtures on Corrosion Inhibition Effect of Nitrites. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CORROSION 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/2537634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical quantitative analysis of effective anticorrosion component and micro-analysis of hydration products of fly ash and slag on the influence of the nitrites corrosion inhibition was studied by the free nitrite ion concentration and X-ray diffraction pattern. The free nitrite ion concentration was used to describe the corrosion inhibition effect of nitrites. And the X-ray diffraction patterns were used to analyze the adsorption properties. The research results show that fly ash and slag were beneficial for improving the corrosion inhibition effect of nitrites. Cement-based materials with slag at low content presented high free nitrite ion concentration, but the addition of low content of fly ash harmed the corrosion inhibition effect of nitrites. The specimens incorporated with both fly ash and slag can reach the highest free nitrite ion concentration when the compounding proportion was 1:1. It was concluded that the extent of mineral admixtures of the corrosion inhibition effect of nitrites was affected by its type and content.
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Möncke D, Ehrt R, Palles D, Efthimiopoulos I, Kamitsos EI, Johannes M. A multi technique study of a new lithium disilicate glass-ceramic spray-coated on ZrO2 substrate for dental restoration. BIOMEDICAL GLASSES 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/bglass-2017-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAn alkali niobate-silicate veneer ceramic for ZrO
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Zhai H, Liu H, Li H, Zheng L, Hu C, Wang Z, Qi J, Yang J. The Effects of Li/Nb Ratio on the Preparation and Photocatalytic Performance of Li-Nb-O Compounds. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:496. [PMID: 28812279 PMCID: PMC5557718 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-2273-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effects of Li/Nb ratio on the preparation of Li-Nb-O compounds by a hydrothermal method were studied deeply. Li/Nb ratio has a great impact on the formation of LiNbO3; the ratio smaller than 3:1 is beneficial to the formation of LiNbO3, while larger than 3:1, forms no LiNbO3 at all and the morphology and chemical bond of Nb2O5 raw material are totally modified by Li ions. The reason can be attributed to the large content of LiOH, which is beneficial to form Li3NbO4 not LiNbO3, and also, even if LiNbO3 particle locally forms, it is easily dissolved in LiOH solution with strong alkalinity. Pure LiNb3O8 powders are obtained with two absolutely opposite Li/Nb ratios: 8:1 and 1:3; the former shows a unique porous and hollow structure, quite different from the particle aggregation (the latter shows). Compared with Li/Nb = 1:3, the 4.2 times higher photocatalytic performance of LiNb3O8 (Li/Nb = 8:1) are observed and it can be attributed to the unique porous and hollow structure, which provides a high density of active sites for the degradation of MB. Compared to LiNbO3, the improved photocatalytic performance of LiNb3O8 can be attributed to its layered structure type with the reduced symmetry enhancing the separation of electrons and holes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifa Zhai
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, College of Physics and Materials Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China.
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hairui Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, College of Physics and Materials Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjing Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, College of Physics and Materials Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuyang Zheng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, College of Physics and Materials Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunjie Hu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, College of Physics and Materials Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, College of Physics and Materials Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Qi
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, College of Physics and Materials Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Jien Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, College of Physics and Materials Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
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Lamouroux E, Badie L, Miska P, Fort Y. When Halides Come to Lithium Niobate Nanopowders Purity and Morphology Assistance. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:2246-51. [PMID: 26859157 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of pure lithium niobate nanopowders was carried out by a matrix-mediated synthesis approach. Lithium hydroxide and niobium pentachloride were used as precursors. The influence of the chemical environment was studied by adding lithium halide (LiCl or LiBr). After thermal treatment of the precursor mixture at 550 °C for 30 min, the morphology of the products was obtained from transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering, whereas the crystallinity and phase purity were characterized by X-ray diffraction and UV-visible and Raman spectroscopies. Our results point out that the chemical environment during lithium niobate formation at 550 °C influences the final morphology. Moreover, direct and indirect band-gap energies have been determined from UV-visible spectroscopy. Their values for the direct-band-gap energies range from 3.97 to 4.36 eV with a slight dependence on the Li/Nb ratio, whereas for the indirect-band-gap energies, the value appears to be independent of this ratio and is 3.64 eV. No dependence of the band-gap energies on the average crystallite and nanoparticle sizes is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Lamouroux
- Université de Lorraine, SRSMC, UMR 7565 , Vandoeuvre Lès Nancy F-54506, France.,CNRS, SRSMC, UMR 7565 , Vandoeuvre Lès Nancy F-54506, France
| | - Laurent Badie
- Université de Lorraine, SRSMC, UMR 7565 , Vandoeuvre Lès Nancy F-54506, France.,CNRS, SRSMC, UMR 7565 , Vandoeuvre Lès Nancy F-54506, France
| | - Patrice Miska
- Université de Lorraine, Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198 , Vandoeuvre Lès Nancy F-54506, France.,CNRS, Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198 , Vandoeuvre Lès Nancy F-54506, France
| | - Yves Fort
- Université de Lorraine, SRSMC, UMR 7565 , Vandoeuvre Lès Nancy F-54506, France.,CNRS, SRSMC, UMR 7565 , Vandoeuvre Lès Nancy F-54506, France
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Petrov GI, Zhi M, Yakovlev VV. Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy utilizing phase mismatched cascaded quadratic optical interactions in nonlinear crystals. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:31960-31965. [PMID: 24514791 PMCID: PMC3926538 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.031960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally investigated the nonlinear optical interaction between the instantaneous four-wave mixing and the cascaded quadratic frequency conversion in commonly used nonlinear optical KTP and LiNbO3 with the aim of a possible background suppression of the non-resonant background in coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering. The possibility of background-free heterodyne coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microspectroscopy is investigated at the interface formed by a liquid (isopropyl alcohol) and a nonlinear crystal (LiNbO3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgi I. Petrov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3120,
USA
| | - Miaochan Zhi
- Currently at NIST, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8543,
USA
| | - Vladislav V. Yakovlev
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3120,
USA
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