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Fu M, Critchley K. Inkjet printing of heavy-metal-free quantum dots-based devices: a review. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:302002. [PMID: 38640903 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad40b3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Inkjet printing (IJP) has become a versatile, cost-effective technology for fabricating organic and hybrid electronic devices. Heavy-metal-based quantum dots (HM QDs) play a significant role in these inkjet-printed devices due to their excellent optoelectrical properties. Despite their utility, the intrinsic toxicity of HM QDs limits their applications in commercial products. To address this limitation, developing alternative HM-free quantum dots (HMF QDs) that have equivalent optoelectronic properties to HM QD is a promising approach to reduce toxicity and environmental impact. This article comprehensively reviews HMF QD-based devices fabricated using IJP methods. The discussion includes the basics of IJP technology, the formulation of printable HMF QD inks, and solutions to the coffee ring effect. Additionally, this review briefly explores the performance of typical state-of-the-art HMF QDs and cutting-edge characterization techniques for QD inks and printed QD films. The performance of printed devices based on HMF QDs is discussed and compared with those fabricated by other techniques. In the conclusion, the persisting challenges are identified, and perspectives on potential avenues for further progress in this rapidly developing research field are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Fu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Critchley
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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Singh P, Singh RK, Kumar R. Journey of ZnO quantum dots from undoped to rare-earth and transition metal-doped and their applications. RSC Adv 2021; 11:2512-2545. [PMID: 35424186 PMCID: PMC8693809 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08670c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, developments in the field of quantum dots (QDs) have attracted researchers worldwide. A large variety of QDs have been discovered in the few years, which have excellent optoelectronic, antibacterial, magnetic, and other properties. However, ZnO is the single known material that can exist in the quantum state and can hold all the above properties. There is a lot of work going on in this field and we will be shorthanded if we do not accommodate this treasure at one place. This manuscript will prove to be a milestone in this noble cause. Having a tremendous potential, there is a developing enthusiasm toward the application of ZnO QDs in diverse areas. Sol-gel method being the simplest is the widely-favored synthetic method. Synthesis via this method is largely affected by a number of factors such as the reaction temperature, duration of the reaction, type of solvent, pH of the solution, and the precipitating agent. Doping enhances the optical, magnetic, anti-bacterial, anti-microbial, and other properties of ZnO QDs. However, doping elements reside mostly on the surface of the QDs. The presence of doping elements inside the core is still a major challenge for doping techniques. In this review article, we have focused on pure, rare-earth, and transition metal-doped ZnO QD properties, and the various synthetic processes and applications. Quantum confinement effect is present in nearly every aspect of the QDs. The effect of quantum confinement has also been summarized in this manuscript. Furthermore, the doping of rare earth elements and transition metal, synthetic methods for different organic molecule-capped ZnO QDs, mechanisms for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, drug delivery system for cancer treatment, and many more application are discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpendra Singh
- Department of Physics, Dr Harisingh Gour Central University Sagar 470003 M. P. India +91 9425635731
| | - Rajan Kumar Singh
- Department of Physics, Dr Harisingh Gour Central University Sagar 470003 M. P. India +91 9425635731
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan ROC
| | - Ranveer Kumar
- Department of Physics, Dr Harisingh Gour Central University Sagar 470003 M. P. India +91 9425635731
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Roshini A, Jagadeesan S, Arivazhagan L, Cho YJ, Lim JH, Doh YH, Kim SJ, Na J, Choi KH. pH-sensitive tangeretin-ZnO quantum dots exert apoptotic and anti-metastatic effects in metastatic lung cancer cell line. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 92:477-488. [PMID: 30184773 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Most cancer patients die as a consequence of distant metastases, which are frequently unresponsive to cancer therapy. This study focuses on the anti-tumorigenic and anti-metastatic properties of tangeretin-zinc oxide quantum dots (Tan-ZnO QDs) against the NCI-H358 cell line. Tan-ZnO QDs are pH-sensitive and capitalize on the acidic pH maintained in the tumor microenvironment; therefore, targeted drug delivery is directed specifically to cancer cells, leaving the normal cells less affected. Tan was loaded into synthesized ZnO QDs, and drug loading was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrometry. Crystalline phase and particle size were measured using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Drug release was evaluated in buffered solutions with differing pH for up to 15 h. The results confirmed stable drug release (80%) in an acidic pH. Tan-ZnO QDs induced significant cytotoxicity in NCI-H358 metastatic cells, while not markedly affecting HK-2 human normal cells. Morphology of treated H358 cells analyzed via atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed an increased surface roughness and pores. Further, the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells increased after treatment with Tan-ZnO QDs. DNA fragmentation was also induced after treatment with increasing concentrations of Tan-ZnO QDs in H358 cells. We also confirmed regulation of apoptosis via expression levels of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins; G2/M phase cell cycle arrest was observed. Additionally, cell proliferation and migration drastically decreased, and cell invasion and migration, hallmarks of metastasis, were significantly inhibited in H358 cells. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 and MMP9, markers of metastasis, as well as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a marker of angiogenesis, were significantly downregulated upon treatment with Tan-ZnO QDs. In conclusion, our novel formulation destabilized H358 cells by using its acidic tumor microenvironment, thereby regulating cell apoptosis, proliferation, and metastatic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Roshini
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, 63243, South Korea
| | - Srikanth Jagadeesan
- Department of Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, 63243, South Korea
| | - Lakshmi Arivazhagan
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA
| | - Young-Jae Cho
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 13620, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Lim
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, 63243, South Korea.
| | - Yang-Hoi Doh
- Department of Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, 63243, South Korea.
| | - Sang-Jae Kim
- Nanomaterials and System Lab, Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, 63243, South Korea.
| | - Jinhee Na
- Biophilic Ltd., 152, Juggunro, Youngin-si, Gyunggi-do, South Korea
| | - Kyung Hyun Choi
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, 63243, South Korea; Department of Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, 63243, South Korea.
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Three-Dimensional Porous Nitrogen-Doped NiO Nanostructures as Highly Sensitive NO₂ Sensors. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 7:nano7100313. [PMID: 29019925 PMCID: PMC5666478 DOI: 10.3390/nano7100313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nickel oxide has been widely used in chemical sensing applications, because it has an excellent p-type semiconducting property with high chemical stability. Here, we present a novel technique of fabricating three-dimensional porous nitrogen-doped nickel oxide nanosheets as a highly sensitive NO2 sensor. The elaborate nanostructure was prepared by a simple and effective hydrothermal synthesis method. Subsequently, nitrogen doping was achieved by thermal treatment with ammonia gas. When the p-type dopant, i.e., nitrogen atoms, was introduced in the three-dimensional nanostructures, the nickel-oxide-nanosheet-based sensor showed considerable NO2 sensing ability with two-fold higher responsivity and sensitivity compared to non-doped nickel-oxide-based sensors.
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Lamastra FR, Grilli ML, Leahu G, Belardini A, Voti RL, Sibilia C, Salvatori D, Cacciotti I, Nanni F. Diatom frustules decorated with zinc oxide nanoparticles for enhanced optical properties. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:375704. [PMID: 28675143 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa7d6f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were synthesized on diatomite (DE) surface by a low temperature sol gel technique, starting from zinc acetate dihydrate (Zn(CH3COO)2 · 2H2O) solution in water/ethyl alcohol, in presence of triethanolamine (TEA) with functions of Zn2+ chelating agent, catalyst and mediator of nanoparticle growth on DE surface. Microstructural features were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. ZnO crystalline nanoparticles, well distributed both on the surface and into the porous architecture of diatomite, were obtained just after the synthesis carried out at 80 °C without the need of calcination treatments. The optical properties of ZnO/DE hybrid powders were measured for the first time by means of photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS). A new method to retrieve both the optical absorption and scattering coefficients from PAS is here discussed for powder aggregates. The fingerprint of the zinc oxide nanoparticles has been highlighted in the Mie scattering resonance in the UV-Vis range, and in the enhancement of the optical absorption with respect to diatomite.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R Lamastra
- Italian Interuniversity Consortium on Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Research Unit Roma Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy
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Miao S, Yang T, Hickey SG, Lesnyak V, Rellinghaus B, Xu J, Eychmüller A. Emissive ZnO@Zn3 P2 nanocrystals: synthesis, optical, and optoelectrochemical properties. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:3415-3422. [PMID: 23606656 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201203023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ZnO@Zn3 P2 quantum dots (QDs) are synthesized, with emission from yellow to red. Photoelectrochemical investigations reveal that the current and voltage of the QD-derivatized electrodes show a response upon illumination. A photocurrent of ca. 8 nA cm(-2) for a monolayer of ZnO@Zn3 P2 QDs deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode is recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiding Miao
- Hefei University of Technology, Tunxi Road. 193, Hefei, 230009, Anhui Prov., China.
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May JW, McMorris RJ, Li X. Ferromagnetism in p-Type Manganese-Doped Zinc Oxide Quantum Dots. J Phys Chem Lett 2012; 3:1374-1380. [PMID: 26286785 DOI: 10.1021/jz300273k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic exchange interactions between paramagnetic Mn(2+) dopants in the presence of a N(2-) p-type defect in zinc oxide quantum dots are studied using density functional theory. Spin-dependent delocalization of the N(2-) 2p acceptor level among the nearest-neighbor Mn(2+) dopants is observed. The calculations show that parallel Mn(2+) spin alignment is favored upon the formation of a nitrogen-bridged Mn-Mn dimer. Although the effect is short-ranged, the observed magnitude of stabilization of the ferromagnetic alignment of nearest-neighbor Mn(2+) spins arises from p-d exchange and suggests p-type Mn(2+)-doped ZnO quantum dots as excellent candidates for exhibiting room-temperature ferromagnetism. Analytical expressions are derived and supported by density functional theory calculations that show that the N(2-) concentration has a stronger influence on the magnetic splitting compared with that of the Mn(2+) concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W May
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Ryan J McMorris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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Singh N, Rashmi, Ahuja T, Singh S, Pasricha R, Haranath D. High yield synthesis of intrinsic, doped and composites of nano-zinc oxide using novel combinatorial method. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 369:40-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Revised: 12/03/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Firmansyah DA, Kim SG, Lee KS, Zahaf R, Kim YH, Lee D. Microstructure-controlled aerosol-gel synthesis of ZnO quantum dots dispersed in SiO2 nanospheres. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:2890-2896. [PMID: 22221080 DOI: 10.1021/la203730a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ZnO quantum dots dispersed in a silica matrix were synthesized from a TEOS:Zn(NO(3))(2) solution by a one-step aerosol-gel method. It was demonstrated that the molar concentration ratio of Zn to Si (Zn/Si) in the aqueous solution was an efficient parameter with which to control the size, the degree of agglomeration, and the microstructure of ZnO quantum dots (QDs) in the SiO(2) matrix. When Zn/Si ≤ 0.5, unaggregated quantum dots as small as 2 nm were distributed preferentially inside SiO(2) spheres. When Zn/Si ≥ 1.0, however, ZnO QDs of ∼7 nm were agglomerated and reached the SiO(2) surface. When decreasing the ratio of the Zn/Si, a blue shift in the band gap of ZnO was observed from the UV/Visible absorption spectra, representing the quantum size effect. The photoluminescence emission spectra at room temperature denoted two wide peaks of deep-level defect-related emissions at 2.2-2.8 eV. When decreasing Zn/Si, the first peak at ∼2.3 eV was blue-shifted in keeping with the decrease in the size of the QDs. Interestingly, the second visible peak at 2.8 eV disappeared in the surface-exposed ZnO QDs when Zn/Si ≥ 1.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dudi Adi Firmansyah
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan Clean Coal Center, RIMT, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
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SAMANTA PIJUSKANTI. WEAK QUANTUM CONFINEMENT IN ZnO NANORODS: A ONE DIMENSIONAL POTENTIAL WELL APPROACH. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793528811000184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Lu Z, Zhu Z, Zheng X, Qiao Y, Guo J, Li CM. Biocompatible fluorescence-enhanced ZrO₂-CdTe quantum dot nanocomposite for in vitro cell imaging. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 22:155604. [PMID: 21389568 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/15/155604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
With advances of quantum dots (QDs) in bioimaging applications, various materials have been used to coat QDs to reduce their nanotoxicity; however, the coating could introduce new toxic sources and quench the fluorescence in bioimaging applications. In this work, ZrO₂, an excellent ceramic material with low extinction coefficient and good biocompatibility, is utilized to coat CdTe QDs for the first time. Experimental results show that ZrO₂-QD nanocomposites with the size of ~30 nm possess enhanced fluorescence emission, lower nanotoxicity and gradually increased fluorescence under 350 nm light illumination. After functionalization with folic acid, they were applied to label cultured HeLa cells effectively. Therefore, the ZrO₂-QD nanocomposites could be promising biocompatible nanomaterials with strong fluorescence emission to replace or complement QDs in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhisong Lu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, 637457 Singapore
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