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Kapravchuk V, Briko A, Kobelev A, Hammoud A, Shchukin S. An Approach to Using Electrical Impedance Myography Signal Sensors to Assess Morphofunctional Changes in Tissue during Muscle Contraction. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:76. [PMID: 38391995 PMCID: PMC10886557 DOI: 10.3390/bios14020076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
This present work is aimed at conducting fundamental and exploratory studies of the mechanisms of electrical impedance signal formation. This paper also considers morphofunctional changes in forearm tissues during the performance of basic hand actions. For this purpose, the existing research benches were modernized to conduct experiments of mapping forearm muscle activity by electrode systems on the basis of complexing the electrical impedance signals and electromyography signals and recording electrode systems' pressing force using force transducers. Studies were carried out with the involvement of healthy volunteers in the implementation of vertical movement of the electrode system and ultrasound transducer when the subject's upper limb was positioned in the bed of the stand while performing basic hand actions in order to identify the relationship between the morphofunctional activity of the upper limb muscles and the recorded parameters of the electro-impedance myography signal. On the basis of the results of the studies, including complex measurements of neuromuscular activity on healthy volunteers such as the signals of electro-impedance myography and pressing force, analyses of the morphofunctional changes in tissues during action performance on the basis of ultrasound and MRI studies and the factors influencing the recorded signals of electro-impedance myography are described. The results are of fundamental importance and will enable reproducible electro-impedance myography signals, which, in turn, allow improved anthropomorphic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislava Kapravchuk
- Department of Medical and Technical Information Technology, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia; (A.B.); (A.K.); (A.H.); (S.S.)
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Scagliusi SF, Delano M. Characterization and Correction of Low Frequency Artifacts in Segmental Bioimpedance Measurements. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2023; 2023:1-5. [PMID: 38082581 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Bioimpedance analysis can be used for remote monitoring of volume status for various conditions such as congestive heart failure. The measurement is typically performed with four electrodes, two of them driving an alternating current through the tissue and the other two sensing the resulting voltage. Issues with the measurement setup such as stray capacitance or electrode mismatch can cause artifacts that impact Cole parameters used for volume estimation. While previous research has focused on mitigating high frequency artifacts, little research has been done to understand the cause and impact of low frequency artifacts, nor how to mitigate the impact of these artifacts. These artifacts are most prevalent in wearable segmental bioimpedance systems, especially using textile electrodes, so future research in this area is needed for these systems to be viable. The present study uses simulations to identify the potential sources of low frequency artifacts, and explores techniques to minimize the impact of these artifacts on Cole parameters. Theoretical analysis and simulations show that the mismatch of the voltage electrodes causes artifacts at low frequency. These artifacts are highly dependent on the impedance of the negative current injecting electrode. Averaging measurements of the mismatch of both voltage electrodes and limiting high frequency measurements to 200 kHz can reduce errors due to these artifacts from over 137% to less than 3%. The results of this study suggest the impact of low frequency artifacts can be significantly reduced, enabling future development of wearable bioimpedance systems.Clinical relevance- Reducing the impact of low frequency artifacts on Cole parameter estimation enables wearable segmental bioimpedance systems that can be used for remote monitoring of volume status in home environments.
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Nescolarde L, Talluri A, Yanguas J, Lukaski H. Phase angle in localized bioimpedance measurements to assess and monitor muscle injury. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:415-428. [PMID: 36847994 PMCID: PMC10140135 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09790-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Localized bioimpedance (L-BIA) measurements are an innovative method to non-invasively identify structural derangement of soft tissues, principally muscles, and fluid accumulation in response to traumatic injury. This review provides unique L-BIA data demonstrating significant relative differences between injured and contralateral non-injured regions of interest (ROI) associated with soft tissue injury. One key finding is the specific and sensitive role of reactance (Xc), measured at 50 kHz with a phase-sensitive BI instrument, to identify objective degrees of muscle injury, localized structural damage and fluid accretion, determined using magnetic resonance imaging. The predominant effect of Xc as an indicator of severity of muscle injury is highlighted in phase angle (PhA) measurements. Novel experimental models utilizing cooking-induced cell disruption, saline injection into meat specimens, and measurements of changing amounts of cells in a constant volume provide empirical evidence of the physiological correlates of series Xc as cells in water. Findings of strong associations of capacitance, computed from parallel Xc (XCP), with whole body counting of 40-potassium and resting metabolic rate support the hypothesis that parallel Xc is a biomarker of body cell mass. These observations provide a theoretical and practical basis for a significant role of Xc, and hence PhA, to identify objectively graded muscle injury and to reliably monitor progress of treatment and return of muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexa Nescolarde
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, c/ Jordi Girona 1-3, Edifici C4, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Javier Yanguas
- Futbol Club Barcelona, Ciutat Esportiva Joan Gamper, Av. c/ Onze de Setembre s/n, 08790, Sant Joan Despí, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Henry Lukaski
- Department of Kinesiology and Public Health Education, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
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Delano M, Ganapati V, Kamal R, Le B, Le J, Mendoza R. Evaluating Research Grade Bioimpedance Hardware Using Textile Electrodes for Long-Term Fluid Status Monitoring. FRONTIERS IN ELECTRONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/felec.2021.762442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluid overload is a chronic medical condition that affects over six million Americans with conditions such as congestive heart failure, end-stage renal disease, and lymphedema. Remote management of fluid overload continues to be a leading clinical challenge. Bioimpedance is one technique that can be used to estimate the hydration of tissue and track it over time. However, commercially available bioimpedance measurement systems are bulky, expensive, and rely on Ag/AgCl electrodes that dry out and can irritate the skin. The use of bioimpedance today is therefore limited to clinical and research settings, with measurements performed at daily intervals or over short periods of time rather than continuously and long-term. This paper proposes using wearable calf bioimpedance measurements integrated into a compression sock for long-term fluid overload management. A PCB was developed using standard measurement techniques that measures the calf bioimpedance using a custom analog front-end built around an AD8302 gain-phase detection chip. Data is transmitted wirelessly via Bluetooth Low Energy to an iOS device using a custom iOS app. Bioimpedance data were collected both from the wearable system and a commercial measurement system (ImpediMed SFB7) using RRC networks, Ag/AgCl electrodes, and the textile compression sock. Bioimpedance data collected from the wearable system showed close agreement with data from the SFB7 when using RRC networks and in five healthy human subjects with Ag/AgCl electrodes. However, when using the textile compression sock the wearable system had worse precision than the SFB7 (4% run to run compared to <1% run to run) and there were larger differences between the two systems than when using the RRC networks and the Ag/AgCl electrodes. Wearable system precision and agreement with the SFB7 was improved by pressure or light wetting of the current electrodes on the sock. Future research should focus on reliable elimination of low-frequency artifacts in research grade hardware to enable long-term calf bioimpedance measurements for fluid overload management.
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Reséndiz R, Rodríguez A, Larios E, Torres J, Castañeda F, Antaño-López R. Exploration of new analytical correlations as an alternative to the Kramers-Kronig transforms for the assessment of impedance spectroscopy data. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Dheman K, Mayer P, Magno M, Schuerle S. Wireless, Artefact Aware Impedance Sensor Node for Continuous Bio-Impedance Monitoring. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2020; 14:1122-1134. [PMID: 32877339 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2020.3021186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Body bio-impedance is a unique parameter to monitor changes in body composition non-invasively. Continuous measurement of bio-impedance can track changes in body fluid content and cell mass and has widespread applications for physiological monitoring. State-of-the-art implementation of bio-impedance sensor devices is still limited for continuous use, in part, due to artefacts arising at the skin-electrode (SE) interface. Artefacts at the SE interface may arise due to various factors such as motion, applied pressure on the electrode surface, changes in ambient conditions or gradual drying of electrodes. This paper presents a novel bio-impedance sensor node that includes an artefact aware method for bio-impedance measurement. The sensor node enables autonomous and continuous measurement of bio-impedance and SE contact impedance at ten frequencies between 10 kHz to 100 kHz to detect artefacts at the SE interface. Experimental evaluation with SE contact impedance models using passive 2R1C electronic circuits and also with non-invasive in vivo measurements of SE contact impedance demonstrated high accuracy (with maximum error less than 1.5%) and precision of 0.6 Ω. The ability to detect artefacts caused by motion, vertically applied pressure and skin temperature changes was analysed in proof of concept experiments. Low power sensor node design achieved with 50mW in active mode and only 143 μW in sleep mode estimated a battery life of 90 days with a 250 mAh battery and duty-cycling impedance measurements every 60 seconds. Our method for artefact aware bio-impedance sensing is a step towards autonomous and unobtrusive continuous bio-impedance measurement for health monitoring at-home or in clinical environments.
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Lyons-Reid J, Ward LC, Kenealy T, Cutfield W. Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis-An Easy Tool for Quantifying Body Composition in Infancy? Nutrients 2020; 12:E920. [PMID: 32230758 PMCID: PMC7230643 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been increasing interest in understanding body composition in early life and factors that may influence its evolution. While several technologies exist to measure body composition in infancy, the equipment is typically large, and thus not readily portable, is expensive, and requires a qualified operator. Bioelectrical impedance analysis shows promise as an inexpensive, portable, and easy to use tool. Despite the technique being widely used to assess body composition for over 35 years, it has been seldom used in infancy. This may be related to the evolving nature of the fat-free mass compartment during this period. Nonetheless, a number of factors have been identified that may influence bioelectrical impedance measurements, which, when controlled for, may result in more accurate measurements. Despite this, questions remain in infants regarding the optimal size and placement of electrodes, the standardization of normal hydration, and the influence of body position on the distribution of water throughout the body. The technology requires further evaluation before being considered as a suitable tool to assess body composition in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaz Lyons-Reid
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand;
| | - Leigh C. Ward
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Timothy Kenealy
- Department of Medicine and Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand;
| | - Wayne Cutfield
- Liggins Insitute and A Better Start – National Science Challenge, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
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Naranjo-Hernández D, Reina-Tosina J, Roa LM, Barbarov-Rostán G, Aresté-Fosalba N, Lara-Ruiz A, Cejudo-Ramos P, Ortega-Ruiz F. Smart Bioimpedance Spectroscopy Device for Body Composition Estimation. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 20:E70. [PMID: 31877699 PMCID: PMC6983241 DOI: 10.3390/s20010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to describe a first approach to a smart bioimpedance spectroscopy device for its application to the estimation of body composition. The proposed device is capable of carrying out bioimpedance measurements in multiple configurable frequencies, processing the data to obtain the modulus and the bioimpedance phase in each of the frequencies, and transmitting the processed information wirelessly. Another novelty of this work is a new algorithm for the identification of Cole model parameters, which is the basis of body composition estimation through bioimpedance spectroscopy analysis. Against other proposals, the main advantages of the proposed method are its robustness against parasitic effects by employing an extended version of Cole model with phase delay and three dispersions, its simplicity and low computational load. The results obtained in a validation study with respiratory patients show the accuracy and feasibility of the proposed technology for bioimpedance measurements. The precision and validity of the algorithm was also proven in a validation study with peritoneal dialysis patients. The proposed method was the most accurate compared with other existing algorithms. Moreover, in those cases affected by parasitic effects the proposed algorithm provided better approximations to the bioimpedance values than a reference device.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Naranjo-Hernández
- Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Seville, 41092 Seville, Spain; (J.R.-T.); (L.M.R.)
| | - Javier Reina-Tosina
- Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Seville, 41092 Seville, Spain; (J.R.-T.); (L.M.R.)
| | - Laura M. Roa
- Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Seville, 41092 Seville, Spain; (J.R.-T.); (L.M.R.)
| | - Gerardo Barbarov-Rostán
- Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Seville, 41092 Seville, Spain; (J.R.-T.); (L.M.R.)
| | - Nuria Aresté-Fosalba
- Nephrology Service of the Virgen Macarena University Hospital in Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (N.A.-F.); (A.L.-R.)
| | - Alfonso Lara-Ruiz
- Nephrology Service of the Virgen Macarena University Hospital in Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (N.A.-F.); (A.L.-R.)
| | - Pilar Cejudo-Ramos
- Medical-Surgical Unit of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain; (P.C.-R.); (F.O.-R.)
- Biomedical Research Center in Network (CIBER) of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Ortega-Ruiz
- Medical-Surgical Unit of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain; (P.C.-R.); (F.O.-R.)
- Biomedical Research Center in Network (CIBER) of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Wang K, Zelko D, Delano M. Textile band electrodes as an alternative to spot Ag/AgCl electrodes for calf bioimpedance measurements. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2019; 6:015010. [PMID: 33438598 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ab5b02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the performance of five different types of textiles as band electrodes for calf bioimpedance measurements in comparison with conventional spot Ag/AgCl electrodes. APPROACH Calf bioimpedance measurements were performed in 10 healthy volunteers with five different textile materials cut into bands and Ag/AgCl spot electrodes as a baseline. Collected bioimpedance data were analyzed in terms of precision, fit error and presence of measurement artifacts. Each textile material was also evaluated for participant comfort. MAIN RESULTS Bioimpedance values for spot electrodes were higher at low frequencies as compared with band electrodes but not at high frequencies. This suggests that spot electrodes have frequency dependent current distributions that adversely impact their use for volume measurements and band electrodes are preferable. The SMP130T-B fabric had the highest precision and the lowest best fit error to the Cole model of the tested textile materials. However, it was the least comfortable textile and most expensive. The Stretch material performed slightly worse than the SMP130T-B fabric, but was half the cost and the most comfortable. SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that there are suitable textile materials for use as dry, band electrodes for calf bioimpedance measurements and that these band electrodes enable greater current uniformity. These textiles could be integrated into a compression sock for remote monitoring of diseases such as Congestive Heart Failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University Durham, NC 27708, United States of America
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Delano M, Sodini C. Evaluating calf bioimpedance measurements for fluid overload management in a controlled environment. Physiol Meas 2018; 39:125009. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/aaf277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Park CS, Lee SE, Cho HJ, Kim YJ, Kang HJ, Oh BH, Lee HY. Body fluid status assessment by bio-impedance analysis in patients presenting to the emergency department with dyspnea. Korean J Intern Med 2018; 33:911-921. [PMID: 29241303 PMCID: PMC6129632 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2016.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Fluid retention occurs in patients with heart failure, accounting for dyspnea. We investigated the diagnostic implication of body fluid status, assessed by bio-impedance analysis (BIA), in acute heart failure (AHF) among patients who presented with dyspnea. METHODS A total of 100 patients who presented with dyspnea and suspected with AHF were analyzed in this study. We enrolled 50 AHF and 50 non-AHF patients discriminated through echocardiographic analysis and Framingham criteria and were matched by age and sex. Body composition was analyzed using a multifrequency BIA. RESULTS AHF patients demonstrated higher extracellular water (ECW)/total body water (TBW) compared with non-AHF patients (0.412 ± 0.017 vs. 0.388 ± 0.023, p < 0.001). A significant difference of ECW/TBW between AHF patients and nonAHF patients was noted when the upper extremities, trunk, and lower extremities were analyzed (all p < 0.001, respectively). ECW/TBW was not different between patients with reduced ejection fraction (EF) and preserved EF along body compartments. The best cut-off value to predict AHF was > 0.412 at lower extremities with sensitivity and specificity of 0.780 and 0.960. The ECW/TBW of the lower extremities (ECW/TBWL) was correlated with log B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels (r = 0.603, p < 0.001) and also improved the net reclassification improvement and integrated discriminated improvement when added to log BNP level. Multivariate analysis revealed that ECW/TBWL > 0.412 had an independent association with AHF patients (p = 0.011). CONCLUSION The ECW/TBWL was higher in patients with dyspnea caused by AHF than their counterparts and demonstrated an independent diagnostic implication. It may be a promising marker to diagnose AHF at bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Soon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jai Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jae Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Hee Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae-Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Hae-Young Lee, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongnogu, Seoul 03080, Korea Tel: +82-2-2072-0698 Fax: +82-2-3674-0805 E-mail:
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Montalibet A, McAdams E. A Practical Method to Reduce Electrode Mismatch Artefacts during 4-electrode BioImpedance Spectroscopy Measurements. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2018; 2018:5775-5779. [PMID: 30441648 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2018.8513656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel and practical method of removing distortions due to electrode impedance mismatch encountered during 4-electrode bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) measurements. Recorded Iocalised, or even whole-body, tissue impedances often evidence high frequency artefacts which resemble additional capacitive or inductive behaviours. We show that making two impedance measurements with the same four electrodes, but by connecting them in different arrangements, we can cause either the observed high-frequency capacitive behaviour or the inductive behaviour. Additionally, simply calculating the mean of these two distorted data sets leads to a corrected, "artefact-free" impedance close to that expected. This correction method was validated on R-C networks (simulated as well as measured) and on biological tissue measurements (healthy forearm and oedematous leg). The described method was found valid using an SFB7 Impedimedo over a frequency range of 3 to $1000~\mathrm {k}\mathrm {H}\mathrm {z}$. It is possible that other impedance meters and frequency ranges could also benefit from this simple technique.
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Kwon H, Rutkove SB, Sanchez B. Recording characteristics of electrical impedance myography needle electrodes. Physiol Meas 2017; 38:1748-1765. [PMID: 28721951 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/aa80ac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neurologists and physiatrists need improved tools for the evaluation of skeletal muscle condition. Here we evaluate needle electrical impedance myography (EIM), a new minimally invasive approach to determine muscle status that could ultimately become a bedside tool for the assessment of neuromuscular disorders. APPROACH We design and study the recording characteristics of tetrapolar EIM needle electrodes combining theory and finite-element model simulations. We then use these results to build and pilot in vivo an EIM needle electrode in the rat gastrocnemius muscle ([Formula: see text]). The dielectric properties of muscle are reported (mean ± standard deviation). RESULTS The numerical simulations show that the contribution of subcutaneous fat and muscle tissues to needle EIM data is <3% and >97%, respectively, and the sensed volume is [Formula: see text] cm3. Apparent resistivity [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] cm and relative permittivity [Formula: see text] (dimensionless) measured at 10 kHz are in good agreement with in vivo dielectric properties reported in the literature. SIGNIFICANCE The results presented show the feasibility of measuring muscle impedivity in vivo using a needle electrode from 10 kHz to 1 MHz. The development of needle EIM technology can open up a new field of study in electrodiagnostic medicine, with potential applications to both disease diagnosis and biomarker assessment of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215-5491, United States of America
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Rutkove SB, Pacheck A, Sanchez B. Sensitivity distribution simulations of surface electrode configurations for electrical impedance myography. Muscle Nerve 2017; 56:887-895. [PMID: 28056494 DOI: 10.1002/mus.25561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Surface-based electrical impedance myography (EIM) is sensitive to muscle condition in neuromuscular disorders. However, the specific contribution of muscle to the obtained EIM values is unknown. METHODS We combined theory and the finite element method to calculate the electrical current distribution in a 3-dimensional model using different electrode array designs and subcutaneous fat thicknesses (SFTs). Through a sensitivity analysis, we decoupled the contribution of muscle from other surrounding tissues in the measured surface impedance values. RESULTS The contribution of muscle to surface EIM values varied greatly depending on the electrode array size and the SFT. For example, the contribution of muscle with 6-mm SFT was 8% for a small array compared with 32% for a large array. CONCLUSIONS The approach presented can be employed to inform the design of robust EIM electrode configurations that maximize the contribution of muscle across the disease and injury spectrum. Muscle Nerve 56: 887-895, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seward B Rutkove
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, DA-0730A, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Masachusetts, 02215-5491, USA
| | - Adam Pacheck
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, DA-0730A, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Masachusetts, 02215-5491, USA
| | - Benjamin Sanchez
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, DA-0730A, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Masachusetts, 02215-5491, USA
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Sanchez B, Rutkove SB. Electrical Impedance Myography and Its Applications in Neuromuscular Disorders. Neurotherapeutics 2017; 14:107-118. [PMID: 27812921 PMCID: PMC5233633 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-016-0491-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical impedance myography (EIM) refers to the specific application of electrical bioimpedance techniques for the assessment of neuromuscular disorders. In EIM, a weak, high-frequency electrical current is applied to a muscle or muscle group of interest and the resulting voltages measured. Among its advantages, the technique can be used noninvasively across a variety of disorders and requires limited subject cooperation and evaluator training to obtain accurate and repeatable data. Studies in both animals and human subjects support its potential utility as a primary diagnostic tool, as well as a biomarker for clinical trial or individual patient use. This review begins by providing an overview of the current state and technological advances in electrical impedance myography and its specific application to the study of muscle. We then provide a summary of the clinical and preclinical applications of EIM for neuromuscular conditions, and conclude with an evaluation of ongoing research efforts and future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Sanchez
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Seward B Rutkove
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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Brantlov S, Ward LC, Jødal L, Rittig S, Lange A. Critical factors and their impact on bioelectrical impedance analysis in children: a review. J Med Eng Technol 2016; 41:22-35. [DOI: 10.1080/03091902.2016.1209590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Different displacement of bioimpedance vector due to Ag/AgCl electrode effect. Eur J Clin Nutr 2016; 70:1401-1407. [PMID: 27380885 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) is increasingly used in clinical research to assess soft tissue hydration. It is known that physical characteristics of electrodes, such as low intrinsic impedance, low electrode/skin contact impedance and type of gel, affect the reliability of noninvasive bioimpedance assessments. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of intrinsic impedance of electrode on the bioimpedance vector displacement in RXc graph. SUBJECTS/METHODS The intrinsic impedance is measured in nine pregelled disposable Ag/AgCl electrodes usually used for bioimpedance measures. The BIVA method is performed on 35 healthy volunteers using a 50 kHz phase-sensitive bioimpedance analyzer (BIA 101 Anniversary) with the lowest intrinsic impedance electrode and highest. The individual bioimpedance vector is plotted on the bivariate normal interval of reference population. The differences in the mean bioimpedance vectors obtained with each electrode are plotted, with their 95% confidence ellipses, on the dRXc graph. The paired one-sample Hotelling's T2-test is used to compare the differences of the mean bioimpedance vectors. RESULTS We found large variability in intrinsic resistance (11-665 Ω) and reactance (0.25-2.5 Ω) values of the electrodes analyzed and significant displacement (P<0.05) of bioimpedance vector positions in healthy adults according to the paired one-sample Hotelling's T2-test. CONCLUSIONS A robust study of all physical characteristics of commercial Ag/AgCl electrodes is necessary to reach consensus on pregelled Ag/AgCl electrodes valid for bioimpedance measurement. This information will enable BIVA users to avoid systemic errors when performing BIVA assessments, specifically when these measurements are used for clinical interpretations.
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Ayllón D, Gil-Pita R, Seoane F. Detection and Classification of Measurement Errors in Bioimpedance Spectroscopy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156522. [PMID: 27362862 PMCID: PMC4928898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) measurement errors may be caused by parasitic stray capacitance, impedance mismatch, cross-talking or their very likely combination. An accurate detection and identification is of extreme importance for further analysis because in some cases and for some applications, certain measurement artifacts can be corrected, minimized or even avoided. In this paper we present a robust method to detect the presence of measurement artifacts and identify what kind of measurement error is present in BIS measurements. The method is based on supervised machine learning and uses a novel set of generalist features for measurement characterization in different immittance planes. Experimental validation has been carried out using a database of complex spectra BIS measurements obtained from different BIS applications and containing six different types of errors, as well as error-free measurements. The method obtained a low classification error (0.33%) and has shown good generalization. Since both the features and the classification schema are relatively simple, the implementation of this pre-processing task in the current hardware of bioimpedance spectrometers is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ayllón
- R&D Department, Fonetic, 28037 Madrid, Spain
- Signal Theory and Communications Department, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Roberto Gil-Pita
- Signal Theory and Communications Department, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Fernando Seoane
- Faculty of Care Science, Work Life and Social Welfare, University of Boras, Boras, Sweden
- School of Technology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology, Huddinge, Sweden
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Extraction of Cole parameters from the electrical bioimpedance spectrum using stochastic optimization algorithms. Med Biol Eng Comput 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11517-015-1355-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
Bioimpedance analysis (BIA) is a well-known and tested method for body mass and muscular health assessment. Multi-frequency BIA (mfBIA) equipment now makes it possible to assess a particular muscle as a whole, as well as looking at a muscle at the fiber level. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that mfBIA can be used to assess the anatomical, physiological, and metabolic state of skeletal muscles. mfBIA measurements focusing on impedance, resistance, reactance, phase angle, center frequency, membrane capacitance, and both extracellular and intracellular resistance were carried out. Eight healthy human control subjects and three selected cases were examined to demonstrate the extent to which this method may be used clinically, and in relation to training in sport. The electrode setup is shown to affect the mfBIA parameters recorded. Our recommendation is the use of noble metal electrodes in connection with a conductance paste to accommodate the typical BIA frequencies, and to facilitate accurate impedance and resistance measurements. The use of mfBIA parameters, often in conjunction with each other, can be used to reveal indications of contralateral muscle loss, extracellular fluid differences, contracted state, and cell transport/metabolic activity, which relate to muscle performance. Our findings indicate that mfBIA provides a noninvasive, easily measurable and very precise momentary assessment of skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Else Marie Bartels
- Department of Rheumatology, The Parker Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Emma Rudbæk Sørensen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical & Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Adrian Paul Harrison
- Department of Veterinary Clinical & Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Bogónez-Franco P, Nescolarde L, McAdams E, Rosell-Ferrer J. Multifrequency right-side, localized and segmental BIA obtained with different bioimpedance analysers. Physiol Meas 2014; 36:85-106. [PMID: 25501588 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/36/1/85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to compare two commercial bioimpedance analysers, BioparHom Z-Métrix and Impedimed SFB7, measuring the impedance of three different body segments. The segments measured were 'right-side' (or 'whole-body'), 'segmental right-lower limb' and 'localized longitudinal right-quadriceps'. The comparison was made on electrical models of each segment, including electrode-skin impedance, and in vivo on nine healthy volunteers. Both devices are designed to measure right-side impedances and, in the present study, as the length of the segment investigated decreased, the accuracy of the impedance measured was found to decrease. The accuracy of the devices was calculated via measurements performed on RC networks of known values. It was found that adding electrode-skin contact impedances in the electrical model affected the accuracy by both devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bogónez-Franco
- INSA INL UMR 5270, Bat. Leonard de Vinci, 21 Avenue Jean Capelle, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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Buendia R, Seoane F, Bosaeus I, Gil-Pita R, Johannsson G, Ellegård L, Lindecrantz K. Robustness study of the different immittance spectra and frequency ranges in bioimpedance spectroscopy analysis for assessment of total body composition. Physiol Meas 2014; 35:1373-95. [DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/35/7/1373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Textrode functional straps for bioimpedance measurements--experimental results for body composition analysis. Eur J Clin Nutr 2013; 67 Suppl 1:S22-7. [PMID: 23299868 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2012.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Functional garments for physiological sensing purposes have been used in several disciplines, that is, sports, firefighting, military and medicine. In most of the cases, textile electrodes (textrodes) embedded in the garment are used to monitor vital signs and other physiological measurements. Electrical bioimpedance (EBI) is a non-invasive and effective technology that can be used for the detection and supervision of different health conditions.EBI technology could make use of the advantages of garment integration; however, a successful implementation of EBI technology depends on the good performance of textrodes. The main drawback of textrodes is a deficient skin-electrode interface that produces a high degree of sensitivity to signal disturbances. This sensitivity can be reduced with a suitable selection of the electrode material and an intelligent and ergonomic garment design that ensures an effective skin-electrode contact area. SUBJECTS/METHODS In this work, textrode functional straps for total right side EBI measurements for body composition are presented, and its measurement performance is compared against the use of Ag/AgCl electrodes. Shieldex sensor fabric and a tetra-polar electrode configuration using the ImpediMed spectrometer SFB7 in the frequency range of 3-500 kHz were used to obtain and analyse the impedance spectra and Cole and body composition parameters. RESULTS The results obtained show stable and reliable measurements; the slight differences obtained with the functional garment do not significantly affect the computation of Cole and body composition parameters. CONCLUSIONS The use of a larger sensor area, a high conductive material and an appropriate design can compensate, to some degree, for the charge transfer deficiency of the skin-electrode interface.
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Atefi SR, Buendia R, Lindecrantz K, Seoane F. Cole function and conductance-based parasitic capacitance compensation for cerebral electrical bioimpedance measurements. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2013; 2012:3368-71. [PMID: 23366648 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2012.6346687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
One of the most common measurement artifacts present in Electrical Bioimpedance Spectroscopy measurements (EBIS) comes from the capacitive leakage effect resulting from parasitic stray capacitances. This artifact produces a deviation in the measured impedance spectrum that is most noticeable at higher frequencies. The artifact taints the spectroscopy measurement increasing the difficulty of producing reliable EBIS measurements at high frequencies. In this work, an approach for removing such capacitive influence from the spectral measurement is presented making use of a novel method to estimate the value of the parasitic capacitance equivalent that causes the measurement artifact. The proposed method has been tested and validated theoretically and experimentally and it gives a more accurate estimation of the value of the parasitic capacitance than the previous methods. Once a reliable value of parasitic capacitance has been estimated the capacitive influence can be easily compensated in the EBIS measured data. Thus enabling analysis of EBIS data at higher frequencies, i.e. in the range of 300-500 kHz like measurements intended for cerebral monitoring, where the characteristic frequency is remarkably higher than EBIS measurements i.e. within the range 30 to 50 kHz, intended for body composition assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Atefi
- School of Technology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Bogónez-Franco P, Nescolarde L, Gálvez-Montón C, Bragós R, Rosell-Ferrer J. An implantable bioimpedance monitor using 2.45 GHz band for telemetry. Physiol Meas 2012; 34:1-16. [DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/34/1/1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Seoane F, Ward LC, Lindecrantz K, Lingwood BE. Automated criterion-based analysis for Cole parameters assessment from cerebral neonatal electrical bioimpedance spectroscopy measurements. Physiol Meas 2012; 33:1363-77. [DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/33/8/1363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Buendía R, Bogónez-Franco P, Nescolarde L, Seoane F. Influence of electrode mismatch on Cole parameter estimation from total right side electrical bioimpedance spectroscopy measurements. Med Eng Phys 2012; 34:1024-8. [PMID: 22738873 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2012.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Applications based on measurements of Electrical Bioimpedance (EBI) spectroscopy analysis, like assessment of body composition, have proliferated in the past years. Currently Body Composition Assessment (BCA) based in Bioimpedance Spectroscopy (BIS) analysis relays on an accurate estimation of the Cole parameters R(0) and R(∞). A recent study by Bogonez-Franco et al. has proposed electrode mismatch as source of remarkable artefacts in BIS measurements. Using Total Right Side BIS measurements from the aforementioned study, this work has focused on the influence of electrode mismatch on the estimation of R(0) and R(∞) using the Non-Linear Least Square curve fitting technique on the modulus of the impedance. The results show that electrode mismatch on the voltage sensing electrodes produces an overestimation of the impedance spectrum leading to a wrong estimation of the parameters R(0) and R(∞), and consequently obtaining values around 4% larger that the values obtained from BIS without electrode mismatch. The specific key factors behind electrode mismatch or its influence on the analysis of single and spectroscopy measurements have not been investigated yet, no compensation or correction technique is available to overcome the deviation produced on the EBI measurement. Since textile-enabled EBI applications using dry textrodes, i.e. textile electrodes with dry skin-electrode interfaces and potentially large values of electrode polarization impedance are more prone to produce electrode mismatch, the lack of a correction or compensation technique might hinder the proliferation of textile-enabled EBI applications for personalized healthcare monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Buendía
- School of Engineering, University of Borås, SE-501 90 Borås, Sweden.
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Marquez JC, Seoane F, Lindecrantz K. Skin-electrode contact area in electrical bioimpedance spectroscopy. Influence in total body composition assessment. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2012; 2011:1867-70. [PMID: 22254694 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2011.6090530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Electrical Bioimpedance Spectroscopy (EBIS) has been widely used for assessment of total body composition and fluid distribution. (EBIS) measurements are commonly performed with electrolytic electrodes placed on the wrist and the ankle with a rather small skin-electrode contact area. The use of textile garments for EBI requires the integration of textrodes with a larger contact area surrounding the limbs in order to compensate the absence of electrolytic medium commonly present in traditional Ag/AgCl gel electrodes. Recently it has been shown that mismatch between the measurements electrodes might cause alterations on the EBIS measurements. When performing EBIS measurements with textrodes certain differences have been observed, especially at high frequencies, respect the same EBIS measurements using Ag/AgCl electrodes. In this work the influence of increasing the skin-electrode area on the estimation of body composition parameters has been studied performing experimental EBIS measurement. The results indicate that an increment on the area of the skin-electrode interface produced noticeable changes in the bioimpedance spectra as well as in the body composition parameters. Moreover, the area increment showed also an apparent reduction of electrode impedance mismatch effects. This influence must be taken into consideration when designing and testing textile-enable EBIS measurement systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Marquez
- School of Technology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology and with School of Engineering, University of Borås 501 90, Sweden.
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