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Lorentzen AB, Bouatou M, Chacon C, Dappe YJ, Lagoute J, Brandbyge M. Quantum Transport in Large-Scale Patterned Nitrogen-Doped Graphene. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2556. [PMID: 37764585 PMCID: PMC10538011 DOI: 10.3390/nano13182556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
It has recently been demonstrated how the nitrogen dopant concentration in graphene can be controlled spatially on the nano-meter scale using a molecular mask. This technique may be used to create ballistic electron optics-like structures of high/low doping regions; for example, to focus electron beams, harnessing the quantum wave nature of the electronic propagation. Here, we employ large-scale Greens function transport calculations based on a tight-binding approach. We first benchmark different tight-binding models of nitrogen in graphene with parameters based on density functional theory (DFT) and the virtual crystal approximation (VCA). Then, we study theoretically how the random distribution within the masked regions and the discreteness of the nitrogen scattering centers impact the transport behavior of sharp n-p and n-n' interfaces formed by different, realistic nitrogen concentrations. We investigate how constrictions for the current can be realized by patterned high/low doping regions with experimentally feasible nitrogen concentrations. The constrictions can guide the electronic current, while the quantized conductance is significantly washed out due to the nitrogen scattering. The implications for device design is that a p-n junction with nitrogen corrugation should still be viable for current focusing. Furthermore, a guiding channel with less nitrogen in the conducting canal preserves more features of quantized conductance and, therefore, its low-noise regime.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehdi Bouatou
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS-Université Paris Cité, 10 Rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, CEDEX 13, 75205 Paris, France; (M.B.); (C.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Cyril Chacon
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS-Université Paris Cité, 10 Rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, CEDEX 13, 75205 Paris, France; (M.B.); (C.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Yannick J. Dappe
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, CEDEX, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
| | - Jérôme Lagoute
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS-Université Paris Cité, 10 Rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, CEDEX 13, 75205 Paris, France; (M.B.); (C.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Mads Brandbyge
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark;
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Alcón I, Papior N, Calogero G, Viñes F, Gamallo P, Brandbyge M. Acetylene-Mediated Electron Transport in Nanostructured Graphene and Hexagonal Boron Nitride. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:11220-11227. [PMID: 34761926 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of graphene has catalyzed the search for other 2D carbon allotropes, such as graphynes, graphdiynes, and 2D π-conjugated polymers, which have been theoretically predicted or experimentally synthesized during the past decade. These materials exhibit a conductive nature bound to their π-conjugated sp2 electronic system. Some cases include sp-hybridized moieties in their nanostructure, such as acetylenes in graphynes; however, these act merely as electronic couplers between the conducting π-orbitals of sp2 centers. Herein, via first-principles calculations and quantum transport simulations, we demonstrate the existence of an acetylene-meditated transport mechanism entirely hosted by sp-hybridized orbitals. For that we propose a series of nanostructured 2D materials featuring linear arrangements of closely packed acetylene units which function as sp-nanowires. Because of the very distinct nature of this unique transport mechanism, it appears to be highly complementary with π-conjugation, thus potentially becoming a key tool for future carbon nanoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Alcón
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), Av. de Serragalliners, s/n, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nick Papior
- Computing Center, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Gaetano Calogero
- CNR Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Strada VIII, 5, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesc Viñes
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Gamallo
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mads Brandbyge
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG), DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Dutta D, Oz A, Hod O, Koren E. The scaling laws of edge vs. bulk interlayer conduction in mesoscale twisted graphitic interfaces. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4746. [PMID: 32958749 PMCID: PMC7506013 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18597-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The unusual electronic properties of edges in graphene-based systems originate from the pseudospinorial character of their electronic wavefunctions associated with their non-trivial topological structure. This is manifested by the appearance of pronounced zero-energy electronic states localized at the material zigzag edges that are expected to have a significant contribution to the interlayer transport in such systems. In this work, we utilize a unique experimental setup and electronic transport calculations to quantitatively distinguish between edge and bulk transport, showing that their relative contribution strongly depends on the angular stacking configuration and interlayer potential. Furthermore, we find that, despite of the strong localization of edge state around the circumference of the contact, edge transport in incommensurate interfaces can dominate up to contact diameters of the order of 2 μm, even in the presence of edge disorder. The intricate interplay between edge and bulk transport contributions revealed in the present study may have profound consequences on practical applications of nanoscale twisted graphene-based electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debopriya Dutta
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Annabelle Oz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and The Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, IL, 6997801, Israel
| | - Oded Hod
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and The Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, IL, 6997801, Israel
| | - Elad Koren
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.
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Li L, Xu X, Du Y, Zhang M, Feng Y, Qian X, Li S, Du T, Peng X, Chen F. ATPR induces acute promyelocytic leukemia cells differentiation and growth arrest by blockade of SHP2/Rho/ROCK1 pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 399:115053. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Calogero G, Alcón I, Papior N, Jauho AP, Brandbyge M. Quantum Interference Engineering of Nanoporous Graphene for Carbon Nanocircuitry. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:13081-13088. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Calogero
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG), DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Isaac Alcón
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG), DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nick Papior
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG), DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Antti-Pekka Jauho
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG), DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mads Brandbyge
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG), DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Calogero G, Papior NR, Kretz B, Garcia-Lekue A, Frederiksen T, Brandbyge M. Electron Transport in Nanoporous Graphene: Probing the Talbot Effect. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:576-581. [PMID: 30539639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Electrons in graphene can show diffraction and interference phenomena fully analogous to light thanks to their Dirac-like energy dispersion. However, it is not clear how this optical analogy persists in nanostructured graphene, for example, with pores. Nanoporous graphene (NPG) consisting of linked graphene nanoribbons has recently been fabricated using molecular precursors and bottom-up assembly (Moreno et al. Science 2018, 360, 199). We predict that electrons propagating in NPG exhibit the interference Talbot effect, analogous to photons in coupled waveguides. Our results are obtained by parameter-free atomistic calculations of real-sized NPG samples based on seamlessly integrated density functional theory and tight-binding regions. We link the origins of this interference phenomenon to the band structure of the NPG. Most importantly, we demonstrate how the Talbot effect may be detected experimentally using dual-probe scanning tunneling microscopy. Talbot interference of electron waves in NPG or other related materials may open up new opportunities for future quantum electronics, computing, or sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Calogero
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG) , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Nick R Papior
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG) , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Bernhard Kretz
- Institute of Theoretical Physics , University of Regensburg , 93040 Regensburg , Germany
| | - Aran Garcia-Lekue
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , 20018 San Sebastian , Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science , 48013 Bilbao , Spain
| | - Thomas Frederiksen
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , 20018 San Sebastian , Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science , 48013 Bilbao , Spain
| | - Mads Brandbyge
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG) , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
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