1
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Ugartemendia A, Casademont-Reig I, Zhao L, Zhang Z, Frenking G, Ugalde JM, Garcia-Lekue A, Jimenez-Izal E. Deciphering the chemical bonding of the trivalent oxygen atom in oxygen doped graphene. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6151-6159. [PMID: 38665533 PMCID: PMC11041353 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00142g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, planar and neutral tricoordinated oxygen embedded in graphene has been imaged experimentally (Nat. Commun., 2019, 10, 4570-4577). In this work, this unusual chemical species is studied utilizing a variety of state-of-the-art methods and combining periodic calculations with a fragmental approach. Several factors influencing the stability of trivalent oxygen are identified. A σ-donation and a π-backdonation mechanism between graphite and oxygen is established. π-Local aromaticity, with a delocalized 4c-2e bond involving the oxygen atom and the three nearest carbon atoms aids in the stabilization of this system. In addition, the framework in which the oxygen is embedded is crucial too to the stabilization, helping to delocalize the "extra" electron pair in the virtual orbitals. Based on the understanding gathered in this work, a set of organic molecules containing planar and neutral trivalent oxygen is theoretically proposed for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andoni Ugartemendia
- Polimero eta Material Aurreratuak: Fisika, Kimika eta Teknologia Saila, Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) M. de Lardizabal Pasealekua 3, Donostia, Euskadi Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) Manuel de Lardizabal Pasealekua 3, Donostia, Euskadi Spain
| | - Irene Casademont-Reig
- Department of General Chemistry (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Zuxian Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) Manuel de Lardizabal Pasealekua 3, Donostia, Euskadi Spain
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Strasse D-35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Jesus M Ugalde
- Polimero eta Material Aurreratuak: Fisika, Kimika eta Teknologia Saila, Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) M. de Lardizabal Pasealekua 3, Donostia, Euskadi Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) Manuel de Lardizabal Pasealekua 3, Donostia, Euskadi Spain
| | - Aran Garcia-Lekue
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science Euskadi Bilbao Spain
| | - Elisa Jimenez-Izal
- Polimero eta Material Aurreratuak: Fisika, Kimika eta Teknologia Saila, Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) M. de Lardizabal Pasealekua 3, Donostia, Euskadi Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) Manuel de Lardizabal Pasealekua 3, Donostia, Euskadi Spain
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2
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Piquero-Zulaica I, Corral-Rascón E, Diaz de Cerio X, Riss A, Yang B, Garcia-Lekue A, Kher-Elden MA, Abd El-Fattah ZM, Nobusue S, Kojima T, Seufert K, Sakaguchi H, Auwärter W, Barth JV. Deceptive orbital confinement at edges and pores of carbon-based 1D and 2D nanoarchitectures. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1062. [PMID: 38316774 PMCID: PMC10844643 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45138-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The electronic structure defines the properties of graphene-based nanomaterials. Scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) experiments on graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), nanographenes, and nanoporous graphene (NPG) often determine an apparent electronic orbital confinement into the edges and nanopores, leading to dubious interpretations such as image potential states or super-atom molecular orbitals. We show that these measurements are subject to a wave function decay into the vacuum that masks the undisturbed electronic orbital shape. We use Au(111)-supported semiconducting gulf-type GNRs and NPGs as model systems fostering frontier orbitals that appear confined along the edges and nanopores in STS measurements. DFT calculations confirm that these states originate from valence and conduction bands. The deceptive electronic orbital confinement observed is caused by a loss of Fourier components, corresponding to states of high momentum. This effect can be generalized to other 1D and 2D carbon-based nanoarchitectures and is important for their use in catalysis and sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Piquero-Zulaica
- Physics Department E20, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Eduardo Corral-Rascón
- Physics Department E20, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Xabier Diaz de Cerio
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Alexander Riss
- Physics Department E20, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Biao Yang
- Physics Department E20, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Aran Garcia-Lekue
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Mohammad A Kher-Elden
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, E-11884, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zakaria M Abd El-Fattah
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, E-11884, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shunpei Nobusue
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kojima
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Knud Seufert
- Physics Department E20, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Sakaguchi
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Willi Auwärter
- Physics Department E20, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes V Barth
- Physics Department E20, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748, Garching, Germany
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3
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Meng X, Möller J, Menchón RE, Weismann A, Sánchez-Portal D, Garcia-Lekue A, Herges R, Berndt R. Kondo Effect of Co-Porphyrin: Remarkable Sensitivity to Adsorption Sites and Orientations. Nano Lett 2024; 24:180-186. [PMID: 38150551 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the Kondo effect of cobalt(II)-5-15-bis(4'-bromophenyl)-10,20-bis(4'-iodophenyl)porphyrin (CoTPPBr2I2) molecules on Au(111) with low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. The molecules exhibit four adsorption configurations at the top and bridge sites of the surface with different molecular orientations. The Kondo resonance shows extraordinary sensitivity to the adsorption configuration. By switching the molecule between different configurations, the Kondo temperature is varied over a wide range from ≈8 up to ≈250 K. Density functional theory calculations reveal that changes of the adsorption configuration lead to distinct variations of the hybridization between the molecule and the surface. Furthermore, we show that surface reconstruction plays a significant role for the molecular Kondo effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhi Meng
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jenny Möller
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Rodrigo E Menchón
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Ingeniría y Agrimensura (FCEIA), Instituto de Física Rosario (IFIR), 2000 Rosario, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Alexander Weismann
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniel Sánchez-Portal
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Aran Garcia-Lekue
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Richard Berndt
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, 24098 Kiel, Germany
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4
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Moreno C, Diaz de Cerio X, Vilas-Varela M, Tenorio M, Sarasola A, Brandbyge M, Peña D, Garcia-Lekue A, Mugarza A. Molecular Bridge Engineering for Tuning Quantum Electronic Transport and Anisotropy in Nanoporous Graphene. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:8988-8995. [PMID: 36988648 PMCID: PMC10141406 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances on surface-assisted synthesis have demonstrated that arrays of nanometer wide graphene nanoribbons can be laterally coupled with atomic precision to give rise to a highly anisotropic nanoporous graphene structure. Electronically, this graphene nanoarchitecture can be conceived as a set of weakly coupled semiconducting 1D nanochannels with electron propagation characterized by substantial interchannel quantum interferences. Here, we report the synthesis of a new nanoporous graphene structure where the interribbon electronic coupling can be controlled by the different degrees of freedom provided by phenylene bridges that couple the conducting channels. This versatility arises from the multiplicity of phenylene cross-coupling configurations, which provides a robust chemical knob, and from the interphenyl twist angle that acts as a fine-tunable knob. The twist angle is significantly altered by the interaction with the substrate, as confirmed by a combined bond-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and ab initio analysis, and should accordingly be addressable by other external stimuli. Electron propagation simulations demonstrate the capability of either switching on/off or modulating the interribbon coupling by the corresponding use of the chemical or the conformational knob. Molecular bridges therefore emerge as efficient tools to engineer quantum transport and anisotropy in carbon-based 2D nanoarchitectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Moreno
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Fisica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xabier Diaz de Cerio
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Manuel Vilas-Varela
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Tenorio
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ane Sarasola
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 20018 Donostia, Spain
| | - Mads Brandbyge
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Aran Garcia-Lekue
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Aitor Mugarza
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA - Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançcats, Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Meng X, Möller J, Mansouri M, Sánchez-Portal D, Garcia-Lekue A, Weismann A, Li C, Herges R, Berndt R. Controlling the Spin States of FeTBrPP on Au(111). ACS Nano 2022; 17:1268-1274. [PMID: 36440841 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c09310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Spin-flip excitations of iron porphyrin molecules on Au(111) are investigated with a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope. The molecules adopt two distinct adsorption configurations on the surface that exhibit different magnetic anisotropy energies. Density functional theory calculations show that the different structures and excitation energies reflect unlike occupations of the Fe 3d levels. We demonstrate that the magnetic anisotropy energy can be controlled by changing the adsorption site, the orientation, or the tip-molecule distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhi Meng
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, 24098Kiel, Germany
| | - Jenny Möller
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, 24098Kiel, Germany
| | - Masoud Mansouri
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Daniel Sánchez-Portal
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Aran Garcia-Lekue
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alexander Weismann
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, 24098Kiel, Germany
| | - Chao Li
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, 24098Kiel, Germany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, 24098Kiel, Germany
| | - Richard Berndt
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, 24098Kiel, Germany
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6
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Friedrich N, Menchón RE, Pozo I, Hieulle J, Vegliante A, Li J, Sánchez-Portal D, Peña D, Garcia-Lekue A, Pascual JI. Addressing Electron Spins Embedded in Metallic Graphene Nanoribbons. ACS Nano 2022; 16:14819-14826. [PMID: 36037149 PMCID: PMC9527809 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Spin-hosting graphene nanostructures are promising metal-free systems for elementary quantum spintronic devices. Conventionally, spins are protected from quenching by electronic band gaps, which also hinder electronic access to their quantum state. Here, we present a narrow graphene nanoribbon substitutionally doped with boron heteroatoms that combines a metallic character with the presence of localized spin 1/2 states in its interior. The ribbon was fabricated by on-surface synthesis on a Au(111) substrate. Transport measurements through ribbons suspended between the tip and the sample of a scanning tunneling microscope revealed their ballistic behavior, characteristic of metallic nanowires. Conductance spectra show fingerprints of localized spin states in the form of Kondo resonances and inelastic tunneling excitations. Density functional theory rationalizes the metallic character of the graphene nanoribbon due to the partial depopulation of the valence band induced by the boron atoms. The transferred charge builds localized magnetic moments around the boron atoms. The orthogonal symmetry of the spin-hosting state's and the valence band's wave functions protects them from mixing, maintaining the spin states localized. The combination of ballistic transport and spin localization into a single graphene nanoribbon offers the perspective of electronically addressing and controlling carbon spins in real device architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodrigo E. Menchón
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Iago Pozo
- CiQUS,
Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | - Jingcheng Li
- CIC
nanoGUNE-BRTA, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Daniel Sánchez-Portal
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro
de Física de Materiales CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Diego Peña
- CiQUS,
Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Aran Garcia-Lekue
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Pascual
- CIC
nanoGUNE-BRTA, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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7
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Li J, Sanz S, Merino-Díez N, Vilas-Varela M, Garcia-Lekue A, Corso M, de Oteyza DG, Frederiksen T, Peña D, Pascual JI. Topological phase transition in chiral graphene nanoribbons: from edge bands to end states. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5538. [PMID: 34545075 PMCID: PMC8452617 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25688-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise control over the size and shape of graphene nanostructures allows engineering spin-polarized edge and topological states, representing a novel source of non-conventional π-magnetism with promising applications in quantum spintronics. A prerequisite for their emergence is the existence of robust gapped phases, which are difficult to find in extended graphene systems. Here we show that semi-metallic chiral GNRs (chGNRs) narrowed down to nanometer widths undergo a topological phase transition. We fabricated atomically precise chGNRs of different chirality and size by on surface synthesis using predesigned molecular precursors. Combining scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements and theory simulations, we follow the evolution of topological properties and bulk band gap depending on the width, length, and chirality of chGNRs. Our findings represent a new platform for producing topologically protected spin states and demonstrate the potential of connecting chiral edge and defect structure with band engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingcheng Li
- grid.424265.30000 0004 1761 1166CIC nanoGUNE-BRTA, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain ,Centro de Física de Materiales MPC (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XPresent Address: School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sofia Sanz
- grid.452382.a0000 0004 1768 3100Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Nestor Merino-Díez
- grid.424265.30000 0004 1761 1166CIC nanoGUNE-BRTA, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain ,grid.452382.a0000 0004 1768 3100Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Manuel Vilas-Varela
- grid.11794.3a0000000109410645Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Aran Garcia-Lekue
- grid.452382.a0000 0004 1768 3100Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain ,grid.424810.b0000 0004 0467 2314Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Martina Corso
- Centro de Física de Materiales MPC (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain ,grid.452382.a0000 0004 1768 3100Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain ,grid.424810.b0000 0004 0467 2314Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Dimas G. de Oteyza
- Centro de Física de Materiales MPC (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain ,grid.452382.a0000 0004 1768 3100Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain ,grid.424810.b0000 0004 0467 2314Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Thomas Frederiksen
- grid.452382.a0000 0004 1768 3100Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain ,grid.424810.b0000 0004 0467 2314Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Diego Peña
- grid.11794.3a0000000109410645Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jose Ignacio Pascual
- grid.424265.30000 0004 1761 1166CIC nanoGUNE-BRTA, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain ,grid.424810.b0000 0004 0467 2314Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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8
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Zuzak R, Brandimarte P, Olszowski P, Izydorczyk I, Markoulides M, Such B, Kolmer M, Szymonski M, Garcia-Lekue A, Sánchez-Portal D, Gourdon A, Godlewski S. On-Surface Synthesis of Chlorinated Narrow Graphene Nanoribbon Organometallic Hybrids. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:10290-10297. [PMID: 33226814 PMCID: PMC7751011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) and their derivatives attract growing attention due to their excellent electronic and magnetic properties as well as the fine-tuning of such properties that can be obtained by heteroatom substitution and/or edge morphology modification. Here, we introduce graphene nanoribbon derivatives-organometallic hybrids with gold atoms incorporated between the carbon skeleton and side Cl atoms. We show that narrow chlorinated 5-AGNROHs (armchair graphene nanoribbon organometallic hybrids) can be fabricated by on-surface polymerization with omission of the cyclodehydrogenation reaction by a proper choice of tailored molecular precursors. Finally, we describe a route to exchange chlorine atoms connected through gold atoms to the carbon skeleton by hydrogen atom treatment. This is achieved directly on the surface, resulting in perfect unsubstituted hydrogen-terminated GNRs. This will be beneficial in the molecule on-surface processing when the preparation of final unsubstituted hydrocarbon structure is desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Zuzak
- Centre
for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty
of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Pedro Brandimarte
- Donostia
International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Piotr Olszowski
- Centre
for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty
of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Irena Izydorczyk
- Centre
for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty
of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marios Markoulides
- CEMES-CNRS
(UPR 8011), BP 94347, 29 Rue J. Marvig, 31055 Cedex 4 Toulouse, France
| | - Bartosz Such
- Centre
for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty
of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek Kolmer
- Centre
for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty
of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek Szymonski
- Centre
for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty
of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Aran Garcia-Lekue
- Donostia
International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Daniel Sánchez-Portal
- Donostia
International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - André Gourdon
- CEMES-CNRS
(UPR 8011), BP 94347, 29 Rue J. Marvig, 31055 Cedex 4 Toulouse, France
| | - Szymon Godlewski
- Centre
for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty
of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Krakow, Poland
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9
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Friedrich N, Brandimarte P, Li J, Saito S, Yamaguchi S, Pozo I, Peña D, Frederiksen T, Garcia-Lekue A, Sánchez-Portal D, Pascual JI. Magnetism of Topological Boundary States Induced by Boron Substitution in Graphene Nanoribbons. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:146801. [PMID: 33064521 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.146801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), low-dimensional platforms for carbon-based electronics, show the promising perspective to also incorporate spin polarization in their conjugated electron system. However, magnetism in GNRs is generally associated with localized states around zigzag edges, difficult to fabricate and with high reactivity. Here we demonstrate that magnetism can also be induced away from physical GNR zigzag edges through atomically precise engineering topological defects in its interior. A pair of substitutional boron atoms inserted in the carbon backbone breaks the conjugation of their topological bands and builds two spin-polarized boundary states around them. The spin state was detected in electrical transport measurements through boron-substituted GNRs suspended between the tip and the sample of a scanning tunneling microscope. First-principle simulations find that boron pairs induce a spin 1, which is modified by tuning the spacing between pairs. Our results demonstrate a route to embed spin chains in GNRs, turning them into basic elements of spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Brandimarte
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jingcheng Li
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Shohei Saito
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | | | - Iago Pozo
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Thomas Frederiksen
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Aran Garcia-Lekue
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Daniel Sánchez-Portal
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Pascual
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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10
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Panighel M, Quiroga S, Brandimarte P, Moreno C, Garcia-Lekue A, Vilas-Varela M, Rey D, Sauthier G, Ceballos G, Peña D, Mugarza A. Stabilizing Edge Fluorination in Graphene Nanoribbons. ACS Nano 2020; 14:11120-11129. [PMID: 32804481 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The on-surface synthesis of edge-functionalized graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) is challenged by the stability of the functional groups throughout the thermal reaction steps of the synthetic pathway. Edge fluorination is a particularly critical case in which the interaction with the catalytic substrate and intermediate products can induce the complete cleavage of the otherwise strong C-F bonds before the formation of the GNR. Here, we demonstrate how a rational design of the precursor can stabilize the functional group, enabling the synthesis of edge-fluorinated GNRs. The survival of the functionalization is demonstrated by tracking the structural and chemical transformations occurring at each reaction step with complementary X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy measurements. In contrast to previous attempts, we find that the C-F bond survives the cyclodehydrogenation of the intermediate polymers, leaving a thermal window where GNRs withhold more than 80% of the fluorine atoms. We attribute this enhanced stability of the C-F bond to the particular structure of our precursor, which prevents the cleavage of the C-F bond by avoiding interaction with the residual hydrogen originated in the cyclodehydrogenation. This structural protection of the linking bond could be implemented in the synthesis of other sp2-functionalized GNRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Panighel
- CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sabela Quiroga
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pedro Brandimarte
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo M. de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Cesar Moreno
- CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aran Garcia-Lekue
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo M. de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Manuel Vilas-Varela
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Dulce Rey
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Guillaume Sauthier
- CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gustavo Ceballos
- CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Aitor Mugarza
- CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Jasper-Toennies T, Gruber M, Johannsen S, Frederiksen T, Garcia-Lekue A, Jäkel T, Roehricht F, Herges R, Berndt R. Rotation of Ethoxy and Ethyl Moieties on a Molecular Platform on Au(111). ACS Nano 2020; 14:3907-3916. [PMID: 32073820 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Molecular rotors have attracted considerable interest for their prospects in nanotechnology. However, their adsorption on supporting substrates, where they may be addressed individually, usually modifies their properties. Here, we investigate the switching of two closely related three-state rotors mounted on platforms on Au(111) using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory calculations. Being physisorbed, the platforms retain important gas-phase properties of the rotor. This simplifies a detailed analysis and permits, for instance, the identification of the vibrational modes involved in the rotation process. The symmetry provided by the platform enables active control of the rotation direction through electrostatic interactions with the tip and charged neighboring adsorbates. The present investigation of two model systems may turn out useful for designing platforms that provide directional rotation and for transferring more sophisticated molecular machines from the gas phase to surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Jasper-Toennies
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Manuel Gruber
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sven Johannsen
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Frederiksen
- Donostia International Physics Center, DIPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Aran Garcia-Lekue
- Donostia International Physics Center, DIPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Torben Jäkel
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Fynn Roehricht
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Richard Berndt
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, 24098 Kiel, Germany
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12
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Li J, Brandimarte P, Vilas-Varela M, Merino-Díez N, Moreno C, Mugarza A, Mollejo JS, Sánchez-Portal D, Garcia de Oteyza D, Corso M, Garcia-Lekue A, Peña D, Pascual JI. Band Depopulation of Graphene Nanoribbons Induced by Chemical Gating with Amino Groups. ACS Nano 2020; 14:1895-1901. [PMID: 31999431 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b08162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The electronic properties of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) can be precisely tuned by chemical doping. Here we demonstrate that amino (NH2) functional groups attached at the edges of chiral GNRs (chGNRs) can efficiently gate the chGNRs and lead to the valence band (VB) depopulation on a metallic surface. The NH2-doped chGNRs are grown by on-surface synthesis on Au(111) using functionalized bianthracene precursors. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy resolves that the NH2 groups significantly upshift the bands of chGNRs, causing the Fermi level crossing of the VB onset of chGNRs. Through density functional theory simulations we confirm that the hole-doping behavior is due to an upward shift of the bands induced by the edge NH2 groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingcheng Li
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA , Tolosa Hiribidea 76 , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian , Spain
| | - Pedro Brandimarte
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Manuel Vilas-Varela
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , 15782 Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Nestor Merino-Díez
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA , Tolosa Hiribidea 76 , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian , Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Cesar Moreno
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2) , CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Aitor Mugarza
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2) , CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona , Spain
- ICREA Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats , Lluis Companys 23 , 08010 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Jaime Sáez Mollejo
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Daniel Sánchez-Portal
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales MPC (CSIC-UPV/EHU) , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Dimas Garcia de Oteyza
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales MPC (CSIC-UPV/EHU) , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science , 48013 Bilbao , Spain
| | - Martina Corso
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales MPC (CSIC-UPV/EHU) , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Aran Garcia-Lekue
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science , 48013 Bilbao , Spain
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , 15782 Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Jose Ignacio Pascual
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA , Tolosa Hiribidea 76 , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian , Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science , 48013 Bilbao , Spain
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13
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Zuzak R, Pozo I, Engelund M, Garcia-Lekue A, Vilas-Varela M, Alonso JM, Szymonski M, Guitián E, Pérez D, Godlewski S, Peña D. Synthesis and reactivity of a trigonal porous nanographene on a gold surface. Chem Sci 2019; 10:10143-10148. [PMID: 32055368 PMCID: PMC6979371 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03404h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of a triporous nanographene with 102 sp2 carbon atoms by combining solution and surface chemistry.
The synthesis of porous nanographenes is a challenging task for solution chemistry, and thus, on-surface synthesis provides an alternative approach. Here, we report the synthesis of a triporous nanographene with 102 sp2 carbon atoms by combining solution and surface chemistry. The carbon skeleton was obtained by Pd-catalyzed cyclotrimerization of arynes in solution, while planarization of the molecule was achieved through two hierarchically organized on-surface cyclodehydrogenation reactions, intra- and inter-blade. Remarkably, the three non-planar [14]annulene pores of this nanographene further evolved at higher temperatures showing interesting intra-porous on-surface reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Zuzak
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM , Faculty of Physics , Astronomy and Applied Computer Science , Jagiellonian University , Łojasiewicza 11 , PL 30-348 Kraków , Poland .
| | - Iago Pozo
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) , Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , 15782-Santiago de Compostela , Spain .
| | - Mads Engelund
- Espeem S.A.R.L. , L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette , Luxembourg
| | - Aran Garcia-Lekue
- Donostia International Physics Center, DIPC , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4 , E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain.,IKERBASQUE , Basque Foundation for Science , E-48013 Bilbao , Spain
| | - Manuel Vilas-Varela
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) , Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , 15782-Santiago de Compostela , Spain .
| | - José M Alonso
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) , Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , 15782-Santiago de Compostela , Spain .
| | - Marek Szymonski
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM , Faculty of Physics , Astronomy and Applied Computer Science , Jagiellonian University , Łojasiewicza 11 , PL 30-348 Kraków , Poland .
| | - Enrique Guitián
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) , Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , 15782-Santiago de Compostela , Spain .
| | - Dolores Pérez
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) , Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , 15782-Santiago de Compostela , Spain .
| | - Szymon Godlewski
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM , Faculty of Physics , Astronomy and Applied Computer Science , Jagiellonian University , Łojasiewicza 11 , PL 30-348 Kraków , Poland .
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) , Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , 15782-Santiago de Compostela , Spain .
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14
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Jasper-Tönnies T, Garcia-Lekue A, Frederiksen T, Ulrich S, Herges R, Berndt R. High-conductance contacts to functionalized molecular platforms physisorbed on Au(1 1 1). J Phys Condens Matter 2019; 31:18LT01. [PMID: 30721893 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab0489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The conductances of molecules physisorbed to Au(1 1 1) via an extended [Formula: see text] system are probed with the tip of a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope to maximize the control of the junction geometry. Inert hydrogen, methyl, and reactive propynyl subunits were attached to the platform and stand upright. Because of their different reactivities, either non-bonding (hydrogen and methyl) or bonding (propynyl) tip-molecule contacts are formed. The conductances exhibit little scatter between different experimental runs on different molecules, display distinct evolutions with the tip-subunit distance, and reach contact values of 0.003-0.05 G 0. For equal tip-platform distances the contact conductance of the inert methyl is close to that of the reactive propynyl. Under further compression, the inert species, hydrogen and methyl, are found to be better conductors. This shows that the current flow is not directly correlated with the chemical interaction. Atomistic calculations for the methyl case reproduce the conductance evolution and reveal the role of the junction geometry, forces and orbital symmetries at the tip-molecule interface. The current flow is controlled by orbital symmetries at the electrode interfaces rather than by the energy alignment of the molecular orbitals and electrode states. Functionalized molecular platforms thus open new ways to control and engineer electron conduction through metal-molecule interfaces at the atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Jasper-Tönnies
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, 24098 Kiel, Germany
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15
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Calogero G, Papior NR, Kretz B, Garcia-Lekue A, Frederiksen T, Brandbyge M. Electron Transport in Nanoporous Graphene: Probing the Talbot Effect. Nano Lett 2019; 19:576-581. [PMID: 30539639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Electrons in graphene can show diffraction and interference phenomena fully analogous to light thanks to their Dirac-like energy dispersion. However, it is not clear how this optical analogy persists in nanostructured graphene, for example, with pores. Nanoporous graphene (NPG) consisting of linked graphene nanoribbons has recently been fabricated using molecular precursors and bottom-up assembly (Moreno et al. Science 2018, 360, 199). We predict that electrons propagating in NPG exhibit the interference Talbot effect, analogous to photons in coupled waveguides. Our results are obtained by parameter-free atomistic calculations of real-sized NPG samples based on seamlessly integrated density functional theory and tight-binding regions. We link the origins of this interference phenomenon to the band structure of the NPG. Most importantly, we demonstrate how the Talbot effect may be detected experimentally using dual-probe scanning tunneling microscopy. Talbot interference of electron waves in NPG or other related materials may open up new opportunities for future quantum electronics, computing, or sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Calogero
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG) , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Nick R Papior
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG) , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Bernhard Kretz
- Institute of Theoretical Physics , University of Regensburg , 93040 Regensburg , Germany
| | - Aran Garcia-Lekue
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , 20018 San Sebastian , Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science , 48013 Bilbao , Spain
| | - Thomas Frederiksen
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , 20018 San Sebastian , Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science , 48013 Bilbao , Spain
| | - Mads Brandbyge
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG) , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
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16
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Piquero-Zulaica I, Garcia-Lekue A, Colazzo L, Krug CK, Mohammed MSG, Abd El-Fattah ZM, Gottfried JM, de Oteyza DG, Ortega JE, Lobo-Checa J. Electronic Structure Tunability by Periodic meta-Ligand Spacing in One-Dimensional Organic Semiconductors. ACS Nano 2018; 12:10537-10544. [PMID: 30295463 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Designing molecular organic semiconductors with distinct frontier orbitals is key for the development of devices with desirable properties. Generating defined organic nanostructures with atomic precision can be accomplished by on-surface synthesis. We use this "dry" chemistry to introduce topological variations in a conjugated poly( para-phenylene) chain in the form of meta-junctions. As evidenced by STM and LEED, we produce a macroscopically ordered, monolayer thin zigzag chain film on a vicinal silver crystal. These cross-conjugated nanostructures are expected to display altered electronic properties, which are now unraveled by highly complementary experimental techniques (ARPES and STS) and theoretical calculations (DFT and EPWE). We find that meta-junctions dominate the weakly dispersive band structure, while the band gap is tunable by altering the linear segment's length. These periodic topology effects induce significant loss of the electronic coupling between neighboring linear segments leading to partial electron confinement in the form of weakly coupled quantum dots. Such periodic quantum interference effects determine the overall semiconducting character and functionality of the chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Piquero-Zulaica
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5 , E-20018 San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Aran Garcia-Lekue
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4 , E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science , 48011 Bilbao , Spain
| | - Luciano Colazzo
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4 , E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Claudio K Krug
- Fachbereich Chemie , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4 , 35032 Marburg , Germany
| | - Mohammed S G Mohammed
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5 , E-20018 San Sebastián , Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4 , E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Zakaria M Abd El-Fattah
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona , Spain
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science , Al-Azhar University , Nasr City , E-11884 Cairo , Egypt
| | - J Michael Gottfried
- Fachbereich Chemie , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4 , 35032 Marburg , Germany
| | - Dimas G de Oteyza
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5 , E-20018 San Sebastián , Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4 , E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science , 48011 Bilbao , Spain
| | - J Enrique Ortega
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5 , E-20018 San Sebastián , Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4 , E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
- Dpto. Física Aplicada I , Universidad del País Vasco , E-20018 San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Jorge Lobo-Checa
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA) , CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza , E-50009 Zaragoza , Spain
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada , Universidad de Zaragoza , E-50009 Zaragoza , Spain
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17
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Merino-Díez N, Lobo-Checa J, Nita P, Garcia-Lekue A, Basagni A, Vasseur G, Tiso F, Sedona F, Das PK, Fujii J, Vobornik I, Sambi M, Pascual JI, Ortega JE, de Oteyza DG. Switching from Reactant to Substrate Engineering in the Selective Synthesis of Graphene Nanoribbons. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:2510-2517. [PMID: 29688007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The challenge of synthesizing graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) with atomic precision is currently being pursued along a one-way road, based on the synthesis of adequate molecular precursors that react in predefined ways through self-assembly processes. The synthetic options for GNR generation would multiply by adding a new direction to this readily successful approach, especially if both of them can be combined. We show here how GNR synthesis can be guided by an adequately nanotemplated substrate instead of by the traditionally designed reactants. The structural atomic precision, unachievable to date through top-down methods, is preserved by the self-assembly process. This new strategy's proof-of-concept compares experiments using 4,4''-dibromo-para-terphenyl as a molecular precursor on flat Au(111) and stepped Au(322) substrates. As opposed to the former, the periodic steps of the latter drive the selective synthesis of 6 atom-wide armchair GNRs, whose electronic properties have been further characterized in detail by scanning tunneling spectroscopy, angle resolved photoemission, and density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor Merino-Díez
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , 20018 San Sebastián , Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU) - MPC , 20018 San Sebastián , Spain
- CIC nanoGUNE , Nanoscience Cooperative Research Center , 20018 San Sebastián-Donostia , Spain
| | - Jorge Lobo-Checa
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA) , CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza , 50009 Zaragoza , Spain
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada , Universidad de Zaragoza , 50009 Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Pawel Nita
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , 20018 San Sebastián , Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU) - MPC , 20018 San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Aran Garcia-Lekue
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , 20018 San Sebastián , Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao , Spain
| | - Andrea Basagni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università Degli Studi Di Padova , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Guillaume Vasseur
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , 20018 San Sebastián , Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU) - MPC , 20018 San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Federica Tiso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università Degli Studi Di Padova , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Francesco Sedona
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università Degli Studi Di Padova , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Pranab K Das
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM)-CNR , Laboratorio TASC , 34149 Trieste , Italy
- International Centre for Theoretical Physics , 34100 Trieste , Italy
| | - Jun Fujii
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM)-CNR , Laboratorio TASC , 34149 Trieste , Italy
| | - Ivana Vobornik
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM)-CNR , Laboratorio TASC , 34149 Trieste , Italy
| | - Mauro Sambi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università Degli Studi Di Padova , 35131 Padova , Italy
- Consorzio INSTM , Unità di Ricerca di Padova , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - José Ignacio Pascual
- CIC nanoGUNE , Nanoscience Cooperative Research Center , 20018 San Sebastián-Donostia , Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao , Spain
| | - J Enrique Ortega
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , 20018 San Sebastián , Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU) - MPC , 20018 San Sebastián , Spain
- Departamento de Física Aplicada I , Universidad del Pais Vasco , 20018 San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Dimas G de Oteyza
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , 20018 San Sebastián , Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU) - MPC , 20018 San Sebastián , Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao , Spain
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18
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Moreno C, Vilas-Varela M, Kretz B, Garcia-Lekue A, Costache MV, Paradinas M, Panighel M, Ceballos G, Valenzuela SO, Peña D, Mugarza A. Bottom-up synthesis of multifunctional nanoporous graphene. Science 2018; 360:199-203. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aar2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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19
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Hieulle J, Carbonell-Sanromà E, Vilas-Varela M, Garcia-Lekue A, Guitián E, Peña D, Pascual JI. On-Surface Route for Producing Planar Nanographenes with Azulene Moieties. Nano Lett 2018; 18:418-423. [PMID: 29232951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Large aromatic carbon nanostructures are cornerstone materials due to their increasingly active role in functional devices, but their synthesis in solution encounters size and shape limitations. New on-surface strategies facilitate the synthesis of large and insoluble planar systems with atomic-scale precision. While dehydrogenation is usually the chemical zipping reaction building up large aromatic carbon structures, mostly benzenoid structures are being produced. Here, we report on a new cyclodehydrogenation reaction transforming a sterically stressed precursor with conjoined cove regions into a planar carbon platform by incorporating azulene moieties in their interior. Submolecular resolution STM is used to characterize this exotic large polycyclic aromatic compound on Au(111) yielding unprecedented insight into a dehydrogenative intramolecular aryl-aryl coupling reaction. The resulting polycyclic aromatic carbon structure shows a [18]annulene core hosting peculiar pore states confined at the carbon cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manuel Vilas-Varela
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Quı́mica Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela , 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Aran Garcia-Lekue
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science , 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Enrique Guitián
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Quı́mica Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela , 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Quı́mica Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela , 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jose Ignacio Pascual
- CIC nanoGUNE , 20018 San Sebastián-Donostia, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science , 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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20
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Merino-Díez N, Li J, Garcia-Lekue A, Vasseur G, Vilas-Varela M, Carbonell-Sanromà E, Corso M, Ortega JE, Peña D, Pascual JI, de Oteyza DG. Unraveling the Electronic Structure of Narrow Atomically Precise Chiral Graphene Nanoribbons. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:25-30. [PMID: 29220194 PMCID: PMC5759029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in graphene-nanoribbon-based research have demonstrated the controlled synthesis of chiral graphene nanoribbons (chGNRs) with atomic precision using strategies of on-surface chemistry. However, their electronic characterization, including typical figures of merit like band gap or frontier band's effective mass, has not yet been reported. We provide a detailed characterization of (3,1)-chGNRs on Au(111). The structure and epitaxy, as well as the electronic band structure of the ribbons, are analyzed by means of scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, angle-resolved photoemission, and density functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor Merino-Díez
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 San Sebastián-Donostia, Spain
- CIC
nanoGUNE, 20018 San Sebastián-Donostia, Spain
| | - Jingcheng Li
- CIC
nanoGUNE, 20018 San Sebastián-Donostia, Spain
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CSIC/UPV-EHU) - MPC, 20018 San Sebastián-Donostia, Spain
| | - Aran Garcia-Lekue
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 San Sebastián-Donostia, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque
Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Guillaume Vasseur
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 San Sebastián-Donostia, Spain
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CSIC/UPV-EHU) - MPC, 20018 San Sebastián-Donostia, Spain
| | - Manuel Vilas-Varela
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Universidad de Santiago
de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Martina Corso
- CIC
nanoGUNE, 20018 San Sebastián-Donostia, Spain
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CSIC/UPV-EHU) - MPC, 20018 San Sebastián-Donostia, Spain
| | - J. Enrique Ortega
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 San Sebastián-Donostia, Spain
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CSIC/UPV-EHU) - MPC, 20018 San Sebastián-Donostia, Spain
- Departamento
de Física Aplicada I, Universidad
del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastián-Donostia, Spain
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Universidad de Santiago
de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jose I. Pascual
- CIC
nanoGUNE, 20018 San Sebastián-Donostia, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque
Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Dimas G. de Oteyza
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 San Sebastián-Donostia, Spain
- CIC
nanoGUNE, 20018 San Sebastián-Donostia, Spain
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CSIC/UPV-EHU) - MPC, 20018 San Sebastián-Donostia, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque
Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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21
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Sarasola A, Abadía M, Rogero C, Garcia-Lekue A. Theoretical Insights into Unexpected Molecular Core Level Shifts: Chemical and Surface Effects. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:5718-5724. [PMID: 29110481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A set of density-functional theory based tools is employed to elucidate the influence of chemical and surface-induced changes on the core level shifts of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiments. The capabilities of our tools are demonstrated by analyzing the origin of an unpredicted component in the N 1s core level spectra of metal phthalocyanine molecules (in particular ZnPc) adsorbed on Cu(110). We address surface induced effects, such as splitting of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital or local electrostatic effects, demonstrating that these cannot account for the huge core level shift measured experimentally. Our calculations also show that, when adsorbed at low temperatures, these molecules might capture hydrogen atoms from the surface, giving rise to hydrogenated molecular species and, consequently, to an extra component in the molecular core level spectra. Only upon annealing, and subsequent hydrogen release, would the molecules recover their nominal structural and electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sarasola
- Departamento de Física Aplicada I, UPV/EHU , Plaza Europa 1, E-20018, San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - M Abadía
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - C Rogero
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - A Garcia-Lekue
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48011, Bilbao, Spain
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22
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Merino-Díez N, Garcia-Lekue A, Carbonell-Sanromà E, Li J, Corso M, Colazzo L, Sedona F, Sánchez-Portal D, Pascual JI, de Oteyza DG. Width-Dependent Band Gap in Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons Reveals Fermi Level Pinning on Au(111). ACS Nano 2017; 11:11661-11668. [PMID: 29049879 PMCID: PMC5789393 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b06765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We report the energy level alignment evolution of valence and conduction bands of armchair-oriented graphene nanoribbons (aGNR) as their band gap shrinks with increasing width. We use 4,4″-dibromo-para-terphenyl as the molecular precursor on Au(111) to form extended poly-para-phenylene nanowires, which can subsequently be fused sideways to form atomically precise aGNRs of varying widths. We measure the frontier bands by means of scanning tunneling spectroscopy, corroborating that the nanoribbon's band gap is inversely proportional to their width. Interestingly, valence bands are found to show Fermi level pinning as the band gap decreases below a threshold value around 1.7 eV. Such behavior is of critical importance to understand the properties of potential contacts in GNR-based devices. Our measurements further reveal a particularly interesting system for studying Fermi level pinning by modifying an adsorbate's band gap while maintaining an almost unchanged interface chemistry defined by substrate and adsorbate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor Merino-Díez
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Nanoscience
Cooperative Research Center, CIC nanoGUNE, 20018 Donostia-San
Sebastián, Spain
| | - Aran Garcia-Lekue
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Jingcheng Li
- Nanoscience
Cooperative Research Center, CIC nanoGUNE, 20018 Donostia-San
Sebastián, Spain
- Materials
Physics Center, Centro de Física
de Materiales (CSIC/UPV-EHU), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Martina Corso
- Nanoscience
Cooperative Research Center, CIC nanoGUNE, 20018 Donostia-San
Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- Materials
Physics Center, Centro de Física
de Materiales (CSIC/UPV-EHU), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Luciano Colazzo
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Sedona
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Daniel Sánchez-Portal
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Materials
Physics Center, Centro de Física
de Materiales (CSIC/UPV-EHU), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jose I. Pascual
- Nanoscience
Cooperative Research Center, CIC nanoGUNE, 20018 Donostia-San
Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Dimas G. de Oteyza
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Nanoscience
Cooperative Research Center, CIC nanoGUNE, 20018 Donostia-San
Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- Materials
Physics Center, Centro de Física
de Materiales (CSIC/UPV-EHU), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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23
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de la Torre B, Švec M, Foti G, Krejčí O, Hapala P, Garcia-Lekue A, Frederiksen T, Zbořil R, Arnau A, Vázquez H, Jelínek P. Submolecular Resolution by Variation of the Inelastic Electron Tunneling Spectroscopy Amplitude and its Relation to the AFM/STM Signal. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:166001. [PMID: 29099201 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.166001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Here we show scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), noncontact atomic force microscopy (AFM), and inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy (IETS) measurements on an organic molecule with a CO-terminated tip at 5 K. The high-resolution contrast observed simultaneously in all channels unambiguously demonstrates the common imaging mechanism in STM/AFM/IETS, related to the lateral bending of the CO-functionalized tip. The IETS spectroscopy reveals that the submolecular contrast at 5 K consists of both renormalization of vibrational frequency and variation of the amplitude of the IETS signal. This finding is also corroborated by first principles simulations. We extend accordingly the probe-particle AFM/STM/IETS model to include these two main ingredients necessary to reproduce the high-resolution IETS contrast. We also employ the first principles simulations to get more insight into a different response of frustrated translation and rotational modes of the CO tip during imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno de la Torre
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Švec
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Giuseppe Foti
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Krejčí
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Prokop Hapala
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Aran Garcia-Lekue
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, E-20018 San Sebastian, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Thomas Frederiksen
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, E-20018 San Sebastian, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Radek Zbořil
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Andres Arnau
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, E-20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Héctor Vázquez
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, E-20018 San Sebastian, Spain
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24
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Jasper-Tönnies T, Garcia-Lekue A, Frederiksen T, Ulrich S, Herges R, Berndt R. Conductance of a Freestanding Conjugated Molecular Wire. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:066801. [PMID: 28949604 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.066801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A freestanding molecular wire is placed vertically on Au(111) using a platform molecule and contacted by a scanning tunneling microscope. Despite the simplicity of the single-molecule junction, its conductance G reproducibly varies in a complex manner with the electrode separation. Transport calculations show that G is controlled by a deformation of the molecule, a symmetry mismatch between the tip and molecule orbitals, and the breaking of a C≡C triple in favor of a Au─C─C bond. This tip-controlled reversible bond formation or rupture alters the electronic spectrum of the junction and the states accessible for transport, resulting in an order of magnitude variation of the conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Jasper-Tönnies
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Aran Garcia-Lekue
- Donostia International Physics Center, DIPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Thomas Frederiksen
- Donostia International Physics Center, DIPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Sandra Ulrich
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Richard Berndt
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
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25
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Brandimarte P, Engelund M, Papior N, Garcia-Lekue A, Frederiksen T, Sánchez-Portal D. Publisher’s Note: “A tunable electronic beam splitter realized with crossed graphene nanoribbons” [J. Chem. Phys. 146, 092318 (2017)]. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:199902. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4983823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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26
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Brandimarte P, Engelund M, Papior N, Garcia-Lekue A, Frederiksen T, Sánchez-Portal D. A tunable electronic beam splitter realized with crossed graphene nanoribbons. J Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4974895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Brandimarte
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM) CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Mads Engelund
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM) CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Nick Papior
- Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Aran Garcia-Lekue
- Donostia International Physics Center, DIPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Thomas Frederiksen
- Donostia International Physics Center, DIPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Daniel Sánchez-Portal
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM) CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center, DIPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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27
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Carbonell-Sanromà E, Brandimarte P, Balog R, Corso M, Kawai S, Garcia-Lekue A, Saito S, Yamaguchi S, Meyer E, Sánchez-Portal D, Pascual JI. Quantum Dots Embedded in Graphene Nanoribbons by Chemical Substitution. Nano Lett 2017; 17:50-56. [PMID: 28073274 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Bottom-up chemical reactions of selected molecular precursors on a gold surface can produce high quality graphene nanoribbons (GNRs). Here, we report on the formation of quantum dots embedded in an armchair GNR by substitutional inclusion of pairs of boron atoms into the GNR backbone. The boron inclusion is achieved through the addition of a small amount of boron substituted precursors during the formation of pristine GNRs. In the pristine region between two boron pairs, the nanoribbons show a discretization of their valence band into confined modes compatible with a Fabry-Perot resonator. Transport simulations of the scattering properties of the boron pairs reveal that they selectively confine the first valence band of the pristine ribbon while allowing an efficient electron transmission of the second one. Such band-dependent electron scattering stems from the symmetry matching between the electronic wave functions of the states from the pristine nanoribbons and those localized at the boron pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Brandimarte
- Centro de Fı́sica de Materiales CSIC-UPV/EHU , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Richard Balog
- CIC nanoGUNE , Tolosa Hiribidea 76, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science , 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University , Ny Munkegade 120, Bld. 1520, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Martina Corso
- CIC nanoGUNE , Tolosa Hiribidea 76, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Centro de Fı́sica de Materiales CSIC-UPV/EHU , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science , 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Shigeki Kawai
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science , 1-1, Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Department of Physics, University of Basel , CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency , Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Aran Garcia-Lekue
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science , 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Shohei Saito
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency , Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University , Kitashirakawa Oiwake, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Yamaguchi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-molecules, Nagoya University , Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Ernst Meyer
- Department of Physics, University of Basel , CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Sánchez-Portal
- Centro de Fı́sica de Materiales CSIC-UPV/EHU , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jose Ignacio Pascual
- CIC nanoGUNE , Tolosa Hiribidea 76, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science , 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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28
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Godlewski S, Kawai H, Engelund M, Kolmer M, Zuzak R, Garcia-Lekue A, Novell-Leruth G, Echavarren AM, Sanchez-Portal D, Joachim C, Saeys M. Diels-Alder attachment of a planar organic molecule to a dangling bond dimer on a hydrogenated semiconductor surface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:16757-65. [PMID: 27271337 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp02346k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Construction of single-molecule electronic devices requires the controlled manipulation of organic molecules and their properties. This could be achieved by tuning the interaction between the molecule and individual atoms by local "on-surface" chemistry, i.e., the controlled formation of chemical bonds between the species. We demonstrate here the reversible attachment of a planar conjugated polyaromatic molecule to a pair of unpassivated dangling bonds on a hydrogenated Ge(001):H surface via a Diels-Alder [4+2] addition using the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). Due to the small stability difference between the covalently bonded and a nearly undistorted structure attached to the dangling bond dimer by long-range dispersive forces, we show that at cryogenic temperatures the molecule can be switched between both configurations. The reversibility of this covalent bond forming reaction may be applied in the construction of complex circuits containing organic molecules with tunable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Godlewski
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Hiroyo Kawai
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore.
| | - Mads Engelund
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manual de Lardizabal 5, E-20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Marek Kolmer
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Rafal Zuzak
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Aran Garcia-Lekue
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manual de Lardizabal 4, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain and IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Gerard Novell-Leruth
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 914, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Antonio M Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avenida Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Daniel Sanchez-Portal
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manual de Lardizabal 5, E-20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain and Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manual de Lardizabal 4, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Christian Joachim
- Nanosciences Group & MANA Satellite, CEMES-CNRS, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, F-31055 Toulouse, France and International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Mark Saeys
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 914, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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Vasseur G, Abadia M, Miccio LA, Brede J, Garcia-Lekue A, de Oteyza DG, Rogero C, Lobo-Checa J, Ortega JE. Π Band Dispersion along Conjugated Organic Nanowires Synthesized on a Metal Oxide Semiconductor. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:5685-92. [PMID: 27115554 PMCID: PMC4858753 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b02151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Surface-confined dehalogenation reactions
are versatile bottom-up
approaches for the synthesis of carbon-based nanostructures with predefined
chemical properties. However, for devices generally requiring low-conductivity
substrates, potential applications are so far severely hampered by
the necessity of a metallic surface to catalyze the reactions. In
this work we report the synthesis of ordered arrays of poly(p-phenylene) chains on the surface of semiconducting TiO2(110) via a dehalogenative homocoupling of 4,4″-dibromoterphenyl
precursors. The supramolecular phase is clearly distinguished from
the polymeric one using low-energy electron diffraction and scanning
tunneling microscopy as the substrate temperature used for deposition
is varied. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of C 1s and Br 3d core
levels traces the temperature of the onset of dehalogenation to around
475 K. Moreover, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and tight-binding
calculations identify a highly dispersive band characteristic of a
substantial overlap between the precursor’s π states
along the polymer, considered as the fingerprint of a successful polymerization.
Thus, these results establish the first spectroscopic evidence that
atomically precise carbon-based nanostructures can readily be synthesized
on top of a transition-metal oxide surface, opening the prospect for
the bottom-up production of novel molecule–semiconductor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Vasseur
- Centro de Física de Materiales (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad del País Vasco (UPV)-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (EHU)-Materials Physics Center (MPC) , Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.,Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Mikel Abadia
- Centro de Física de Materiales (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad del País Vasco (UPV)-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (EHU)-Materials Physics Center (MPC) , Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Luis A Miccio
- Centro de Física de Materiales (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad del País Vasco (UPV)-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (EHU)-Materials Physics Center (MPC) , Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.,Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jens Brede
- Centro de Física de Materiales (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad del País Vasco (UPV)-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (EHU)-Materials Physics Center (MPC) , Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.,Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Aran Garcia-Lekue
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science , 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Dimas G de Oteyza
- Centro de Física de Materiales (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad del País Vasco (UPV)-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (EHU)-Materials Physics Center (MPC) , Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.,Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science , 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Celia Rogero
- Centro de Física de Materiales (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad del País Vasco (UPV)-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (EHU)-Materials Physics Center (MPC) , Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.,Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jorge Lobo-Checa
- Centro de Física de Materiales (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad del País Vasco (UPV)-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (EHU)-Materials Physics Center (MPC) , Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.,Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza , 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.,Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza , 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J Enrique Ortega
- Centro de Física de Materiales (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad del País Vasco (UPV)-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (EHU)-Materials Physics Center (MPC) , Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.,Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.,Departamento Física Aplicada I, Universidad del País Vasco , 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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30
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Godlewski S, Kolmer M, Engelund M, Kawai H, Zuzak R, Garcia-Lekue A, Saeys M, Echavarren AM, Joachim C, Sanchez-Portal D, Szymonski M. Interaction of a conjugated polyaromatic molecule with a single dangling bond quantum dot on a hydrogenated semiconductor. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:3854-61. [PMID: 26766161 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07307c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the strength of the coupling between organic molecules and single atoms provides a powerful tool for tuning electronic properties of single-molecule devices. Here, using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS) supported by theoretical modeling, we study the interaction of a planar organic molecule (trinaphthylene) with a hydrogen-passivated Ge(001):H substrate and a single dangling bond quantum dot on that surface. The electronic structure of the molecule adsorbed on the hydrogen-passivated surface is similar to the gas phase structure and the measurements show that HOMO and LUMO states contribute to the STM filled and empty state images, respectively. Furthermore, we show that the electronic properties are not significantly affected when the molecule is attached to the single dangling bond, which is in contrast with the strong interaction of the molecule with a dangling bond dimer. Our results show that the dangling bond quantum dots could stabilize organic molecules on a hydrogenated semiconductor without affecting their originally designed gas phase electronic properties. Together with the ability to laterally manipulate the molecules on the surface, this will be advantageous in the construction of single-molecule devices, where the coupling and positioning of the molecules on the substrate could be tuned by a proper design of the surface quantum dot arrays, comprising both single and dimerized dangling bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Godlewski
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348, Krakow, Poland.
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31
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Garcia-Lekue A, Balashov T, Olle M, Ceballos G, Arnau A, Gambardella P, Sanchez-Portal D, Mugarza A. Spin-dependent electron scattering at graphene edges on Ni(111). Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:066802. [PMID: 24580701 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.066802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the scattering of surface electrons by the edges of graphene islands grown on Ni(111). By combining local tunneling spectroscopy and ab initio electronic structure calculations we find that the hybridization between graphene and Ni states results in strongly reflecting graphene edges. Quantum interference patterns formed around the islands reveal a spin-dependent scattering of the Shockley bands of Ni, which we attribute to their distinct coupling to bulk states. Moreover, we find a strong dependence of the scattering amplitude on the atomic structure of the edges, depending on the orbital character and energy of the surface states.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Garcia-Lekue
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain and IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - T Balashov
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotecnology (ICN2), UAB Campus, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M Olle
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotecnology (ICN2), UAB Campus, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - G Ceballos
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotecnology (ICN2), UAB Campus, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - A Arnau
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain and Centro de Física de Materiales CFM - MPC, Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018, San Sebastián, Spain and Dpto. de Física de Materiales UPV/EHU, Facultad de Quimica, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, E-20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - P Gambardella
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotecnology (ICN2), UAB Campus, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain and Instituciò Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA), E-08193 Barcelona, Spain and Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Hönggerbergring 64, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D Sanchez-Portal
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain and Centro de Física de Materiales CFM - MPC, Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - A Mugarza
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotecnology (ICN2), UAB Campus, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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32
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Kim Y, Garcia-Lekue A, Sysoiev D, Frederiksen T, Groth U, Scheer E. Charge transport in azobenzene-based single-molecule junctions. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:226801. [PMID: 23368145 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.226801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Azobenzene-derivative molecules change their conformation as a result of a cis-trans transition when exposed to ultraviolet or visible light irradiation and this is expected to induce a significant variation in the conductance of molecular devices. Despite extensive investigations carried out on this type of molecule, a detailed understanding of the charge transport for the two isomers is still lacking. We report a combined experimental and theoretical analysis of electron transport through azobenzene-derivative single-molecule break junctions with Au electrodes. Current-voltage and inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy (IETS) measurements performed at 4.2 K are interpreted based on first-principles calculations of electron transmission and IETS spectra. This qualitative study unravels the origin of a slightly higher conductance of junctions with the cis isomer and demonstrates that IETS spectra of cis and trans forms show distinct vibrational fingerprints that can be used for identifying the isomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngsang Kim
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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33
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Vitali L, Ohmann R, Kern K, Garcia-Lekue A, Frederiksen T, Sanchez-Portal D, Arnau A. Surveying molecular vibrations during the formation of metal-molecule nanocontacts. Nano Lett 2010; 10:657-660. [PMID: 20085284 DOI: 10.1021/nl903760k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Molecular junctions have been characterized to determine the influence of the metal contact formation in the electron transport process through a single molecule. With inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy and first-principles calculations, the vibration modes of a carbon monoxide molecule have been surveyed as a function of the distance from a copper electrode with unprecedented accuracy. We observe a continuous but nonlinear blue shift of the frustrated rotation mode in tunneling with decreasing distance followed by an abrupt softening upon contact formation. This indicates that the presence of the metal electrode sensibly alters the structural and conductive properties of the junction even without the formation of a strong chemical bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Vitali
- Max-Planck-Institute fuer Festkoerperforschung, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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34
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Constantin LA, Pitarke JM, Dobson JF, Garcia-Lekue A, Perdew JP. High-level correlated approach to the jellium surface energy, without uniform-gas input. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:036401. [PMID: 18233011 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.036401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2007] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We resolve the long-standing controversy over the metal surface energy: Density-functional methods that require uniform-electron-gas input agree with each other, but not with high-level correlated calculations such as Fermi hypernetted chain and diffusion Monte Carlo calculations that predict the uniform-gas correlation energy. Here we apply the inhomogeneous Singwi-Tosi-Land-Sjölander method, and find that the density functionals are indeed reliable (because the surface energy is bulklike). Our work also vindicates the use of uniform-gas-based nonlocal kernels in time-dependent density-functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucian A Constantin
- Donostia International Physics Center, Manuel de Lardizabal Pasealekua, Donostia, Basque Country, Spain
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35
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Abstract
The point contact of a tunnel tip approaching towards Ag(111) and Cu(111) surfaces is investigated with a low temperature scanning tunneling microscope. A sharp jump to contact, random in nature, is observed in the conductance. After point contact, the tip-apex atom is transferred to the surface, indicating that a one-atom contact is formed during the approach. In sharp contrast, the conductance over single silver and copper adatoms exhibits a smooth and reproducible transition from tunneling to contact regime. Numerical simulations show that this is a consequence of the additional dipolar bonding between the adatom and the surface atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Limot
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
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36
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