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Djoulde A, He M, Liu X, Kong L, Zhao P, Rao J, Chen J, Meng L, Wang Z, Liu M. Electrical Activity and Extremes of Individual Suspended ZnO Nanowires for 3D Nanoelectronic Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:44433-44443. [PMID: 37682724 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
We explored the electrical activity and extremes inside individual suspended zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires (NWs) (diameter: 50-550 nm, length: 5-50 μm) subjected to high forward bias-induced Joule heating using two-terminal current-voltage measurements. NWs were isolated using a reproducible nanometrology technique, employing a nanomanipulator inside a scanning electron microscope. Schottky behavior is observed between installed tips and ZnO NW. The suspended ZnO NWs exhibited an average electrical resistivity ρ (approximately 2.3 × 10-2 Ω cm) and a high electron density n (exceeding 1.89 × 1018 cm-3), comparable to that of InP NWs, GaN NWs, and InAs NWs (1018∼1019 cm-3), suggesting the potential to drive advancements in high-performance NW devices. A maximum breakdown current density (JBD) of ∼0.14 MA/cm2 and a maximum breakdown power density (PBD) of 6.93 mW/μm3 were obtained, both of which are higher than substrate-bound ZnO NWs and consistent with previously reported results obtained from probed ZnO NWs grown vertically on the substrate. Moreover, we discovered that NWs experienced thermal breakdown due to Joule heating and exploited this breakdown mechanism to further investigate the temperature distribution along the ZnO NWs, as well as its dependence on the electrical properties and thermal conductance of contact electrodes. Thermal conductance was determined to be ∼0.4 nW K-1 and ∼1.66 pW K-1 at the tungsten(W)-ZnO NW and platinum(Pt)-ZnO NW contacts, respectively. In addition, we measured the elastic modulus (130-171 GPa), which closely approximated bulk values. We also estimated the nanoindentation hardness to be between 5 and 10 GPa. This work provides valuable insights into the electrical activity and extreme mechanisms, thus providing a better understanding of the potentials and limitations associated with utilizing suspended NWs in 3D nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristide Djoulde
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Mengfan He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lingdi Kong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jinjun Rao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jinbo Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lingjun Meng
- School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Shanxi 030051, China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Jones RS, Gonzalez-Munoz S, Griffiths I, Holdway P, Evers K, Luanwuthi S, Maciejewska BM, Kolosov O, Grobert N. Thermal Conductivity of Carbon/Boron Nitride Heteronanotube and Boron Nitride Nanotube Buckypapers: Implications for Thermal Management Composites. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2023; 6:15374-15384. [PMID: 37706066 PMCID: PMC10496026 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.3c01147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
To date, there has been limited reporting on the fabrication and properties of macroscopic sheet assemblies (specifically buckypapers) composed of carbon/boron nitride core-shell heteronanotubes (MWCNT@BNNT) or boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs). Herein we report the synthesis of MWCNT@BNNTs via a facile method involving Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition (APCVD) and the safe h-BN precursor ammonia borane. These MWCNT@BNNTs were used as sacrificial templates for BNNT synthesis by thermal oxidation of the core carbon. Buckypaper fabrication was facilitated by facile sonication and filtration steps. To test the thermal conductivity properties of these new buckypapers, in the interest of thermal management applications, we have developed a novel technique of advanced scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) that we call piercing SThM (pSThM). Our measurements show a 14% increase in thermal conductivity of the MWCNT@BNNT buckypaper relative to a control multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) buckypaper. Meanwhile, our BNNT buckypaper exhibited approximately half the thermal conductivity of the MWCNT control, which we attribute to the turbostratic quality of our BNNTs. To the best of our knowledge, this work achieves the first thermal conductivity measurement of a MWCNT@BNNT buckypaper and of a BNNT buckypaper composed of BNNTs not synthesized by high energy techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Sang Jones
- University
of Oxford, Department of Materials, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ian Griffiths
- University
of Oxford, Department of Materials, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Holdway
- University
of Oxford, Department of Materials, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Koen Evers
- University
of Oxford, Department of Materials, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Santamon Luanwuthi
- University
of Oxford, Department of Materials, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | | | - Oleg Kolosov
- University
of Lancaster, Department of Physics, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Grobert
- University
of Oxford, Department of Materials, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
- Williams
Advanced Engineering, Grove, Oxfordshire OX12 0DQ, United Kingdom
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El Sachat A, Alzina F, Sotomayor Torres CM, Chavez-Angel E. Heat Transport Control and Thermal Characterization of Low-Dimensional Materials: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:175. [PMID: 33450930 PMCID: PMC7828386 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heat dissipation and thermal management are central challenges in various areas of science and technology and are critical issues for the majority of nanoelectronic devices. In this review, we focus on experimental advances in thermal characterization and phonon engineering that have drastically increased the understanding of heat transport and demonstrated efficient ways to control heat propagation in nanomaterials. We summarize the latest device-relevant methodologies of phonon engineering in semiconductor nanostructures and 2D materials, including graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides. Then, we review recent advances in thermal characterization techniques, and discuss their main challenges and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros El Sachat
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (F.A.); (C.M.S.T.); (E.C.-A.)
| | - Francesc Alzina
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (F.A.); (C.M.S.T.); (E.C.-A.)
| | - Clivia M. Sotomayor Torres
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (F.A.); (C.M.S.T.); (E.C.-A.)
- ICREA, Passeig Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emigdio Chavez-Angel
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (F.A.); (C.M.S.T.); (E.C.-A.)
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