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Shokouhi AR, Chen Y, Yoh HZ, Murayama T, Suu K, Morikawa Y, Brenker J, Alan T, Voelcker NH, Elnathan R. Electroactive nanoinjection platform for intracellular delivery and gene silencing. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:273. [PMID: 37592297 PMCID: PMC10433684 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanoinjection-the process of intracellular delivery using vertically configured nanostructures-is a physical route that efficiently negotiates the plasma membrane, with minimal perturbation and toxicity to the cells. Nanoinjection, as a physical membrane-disruption-mediated approach, overcomes challenges associated with conventional carrier-mediated approaches such as safety issues (with viral carriers), genotoxicity, limited packaging capacity, low levels of endosomal escape, and poor versatility for cell and cargo types. Yet, despite the implementation of nanoinjection tools and their assisted analogues in diverse cellular manipulations, there are still substantial challenges in harnessing these platforms to gain access into cell interiors with much greater precision without damaging the cell's intricate structure. Here, we propose a non-viral, low-voltage, and reusable electroactive nanoinjection (ENI) platform based on vertically configured conductive nanotubes (NTs) that allows for rapid influx of targeted biomolecular cargos into the intracellular environment, and for successful gene silencing. The localization of electric fields at the tight interface between conductive NTs and the cell membrane drastically lowers the voltage required for cargo delivery into the cells, from kilovolts (for bulk electroporation) to only ≤ 10 V; this enhances the fine control over membrane disruption and mitigates the problem of high cell mortality experienced by conventional electroporation. RESULTS Through both theoretical simulations and experiments, we demonstrate the capability of the ENI platform to locally perforate GPE-86 mouse fibroblast cells and efficiently inject a diverse range of membrane-impermeable biomolecules with efficacy of 62.5% (antibody), 55.5% (mRNA), and 51.8% (plasmid DNA), with minimal impact on cells' viability post nanoscale-EP (> 90%). We also show gene silencing through the delivery of siRNA that targets TRIOBP, yielding gene knockdown efficiency of 41.3%. CONCLUSIONS We anticipate that our non-viral and low-voltage ENI platform is set to offer a new safe path to intracellular delivery with broader selection of cargo and cell types, and will open opportunities for advanced ex vivo cell engineering and gene silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali-Reza Shokouhi
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, 151 Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Yaping Chen
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, 151 Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Hao Zhe Yoh
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, 151 Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Takahide Murayama
- Institute of Semiconductor and Electronics Technologies, ULVAC Inc, 1220-1 Suyama, Susono, Shizuoka, 410-1231, Japan
| | - Koukou Suu
- Institute of Semiconductor and Electronics Technologies, ULVAC Inc, 1220-1 Suyama, Susono, Shizuoka, 410-1231, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Morikawa
- Institute of Semiconductor and Electronics Technologies, ULVAC Inc, 1220-1 Suyama, Susono, Shizuoka, 410-1231, Japan
| | - Jason Brenker
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Tuncay Alan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, 151 Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, 22 Alliance Lane, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.
| | - Roey Elnathan
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, 151 Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.
- Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Melbourne, VIC, 3216, Australia.
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds campus, Melbourne, VIC, 3216, Australia.
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Melbourne, VIC, 3216, Australia.
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Layachi M, Treizebré A, Hay L, Gilbert D, Pesez J, D’Acremont Q, Braeckmans K, Thommen Q, Courtade E. Novel opto-fluidic drug delivery system for efficient cellular transfection. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:43. [PMID: 36747263 PMCID: PMC9901003 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01797-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular drug delivery is at the heart of many diagnosis procedures and a key step in gene therapy. Research has been conducted to bypass cell barriers for controlled intracellular drug release and made consistent progress. However, state-of-the-art techniques based on non-viral carriers or physical methods suffer several drawbacks, including limited delivery yield, low throughput or low viability, which are key parameters in therapeutics, diagnostics and drug delivery. Nevertheless, gold nanoparticle (AuNP) mediated photoporation has stood out as a promising approach to permeabilize cell membranes through laser induced Vapour NanoBubble (VNB) generation, allowing the influx of external cargo molecules into cells. However, its use as a transfection technology for the genetic manipulation of therapeutic cells is hindered by the presence of non-degradable gold nanoparticles. Here, we report a new optofluidic method bringing gold nanoparticles in close proximity to cells for photoporation, while avoiding direct contact with cells by taking advantage of hydrodynamic focusing in a multi-flow device. Cells were successfully photoporated with [Formula: see text] efficiency with no significant reduction in cell viability at a throughput ranging from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]. This optofluidic approach provides prospects of translating photoporation from an R &D setting to clinical use for producing genetically engineered therapeutic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Layachi
- grid.464109.e0000 0004 0638 7509Laboratoire Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523, Université de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France ,grid.464109.e0000 0004 0638 7509Institut d’Électronique, de
Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR CNRS 8520, Université de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France ,grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141Present Address: Laboratoire Charles Coulomb - UMR 5221, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anthony Treizebré
- grid.464109.e0000 0004 0638 7509Laboratoire Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523, Université de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France ,grid.464109.e0000 0004 0638 7509Institut d’Électronique, de
Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR CNRS 8520, Université de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Laurent Hay
- grid.464109.e0000 0004 0638 7509Laboratoire Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523, Université de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - David Gilbert
- grid.464109.e0000 0004 0638 7509Laboratoire Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523, Université de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Jean Pesez
- grid.464109.e0000 0004 0638 7509Laboratoire Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523, Université de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Quentin D’Acremont
- grid.464109.e0000 0004 0638 7509Laboratoire Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523, Université de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Laboratory for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Quentin Thommen
- grid.503422.20000 0001 2242 6780CANTHER - Cancer
Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies - UMR9020-UMR1277, Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Emmanuel Courtade
- Laboratoire Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523, Université de Lille, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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Fang J, Huang S, Liu F, He G, Li X, Huang X, Chen HJ, Xie X. Semi-Implantable Bioelectronics. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 14:125. [PMID: 35633391 PMCID: PMC9148344 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00818-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Developing techniques to effectively and real-time monitor and regulate the interior environment of biological objects is significantly important for many biomedical engineering and scientific applications, including drug delivery, electrophysiological recording and regulation of intracellular activities. Semi-implantable bioelectronics is currently a hot spot in biomedical engineering research area, because it not only meets the increasing technical demands for precise detection or regulation of biological activities, but also provides a desirable platform for externally incorporating complex functionalities and electronic integration. Although there is less definition and summary to distinguish it from the well-reviewed non-invasive bioelectronics and fully implantable bioelectronics, semi-implantable bioelectronics have emerged as highly unique technology to boost the development of biochips and smart wearable device. Here, we reviewed the recent progress in this field and raised the concept of "Semi-implantable bioelectronics", summarizing the principle and strategies of semi-implantable device for cell applications and in vivo applications, discussing the typical methodologies to access to intracellular environment or in vivo environment, biosafety aspects and typical applications. This review is meaningful for understanding in-depth the design principles, materials fabrication techniques, device integration processes, cell/tissue penetration methodologies, biosafety aspects, and applications strategies that are essential to the development of future minimally invasive bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaru Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanmao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Gen He
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinshuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Jiuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang A, Fang J, Li X, Wang J, Chen M, Chen HJ, He G, Xie X. Cellular nanointerface of vertical nanostructure arrays and its applications. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:1844-1867. [PMID: 36133409 PMCID: PMC9419580 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00775k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Vertically standing nanostructures with various morphologies have been developed with the emergence of the micro-/nanofabrication technology. When cells are cultured on them, various bio-nano interfaces between cells and vertical nanostructures would impact the cellular activities, depending on the shape, density, and height of nanostructures. Many cellular pathway activation processes involving a series of intracellular molecules (proteins, RNA, DNA, enzymes, etc.) would be triggered by the cell morphological changes induced by nanostructures, affecting the cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, immune activation, cell adhesion, cell migration, and other behaviors. In addition, the highly localized cellular nanointerface enhances coupled stimulation on cells. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of the cellular nanointerface can not only provide innovative tools for regulating specific cell functions but also offers new aspects to understand the fundamental cellular activities that could facilitate the precise monitoring and treatment of diseases in the future. This review mainly describes the fabrication technology of vertical nanostructures, analyzing the formation of cellular nanointerfaces and the effects of cellular nanointerfaces on cells' fates and functions. At last, the applications of cellular nanointerfaces based on various nanostructures are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong Province China
| | - Jiaru Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong Province China
| | - Xiangling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong Province China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Ji Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510080 China
| | - Meiwan Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Taipa Macau SAR China
| | - Hui-Jiuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong Province China
| | - Gen He
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong Province China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou 511436 P. R. China
| | - Xi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong Province China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510080 China
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5
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Qu Y, Lu K, Zheng Y, Huang C, Wang G, Zhang Y, Yu Q. Photothermal scaffolds/surfaces for regulation of cell behaviors. Bioact Mater 2022; 8:449-477. [PMID: 34541413 PMCID: PMC8429475 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of cell behaviors and even cell fates is of great significance in diverse biomedical applications such as cancer treatment, cell-based therapy, and tissue engineering. During the past decades, diverse methods have been developed to regulate cell behaviors such as applying external stimuli, delivering exogenous molecules into cell interior and changing the physicochemical properties of the substrates where cells adhere. Photothermal scaffolds/surfaces refer to a kind of materials embedded or coated with photothermal agents that can absorb light with proper wavelength (usually in near infrared region) and convert light energy to heat; the generated heat shows great potential for regulation of cell behaviors in different ways. In the current review, we summarize the recent research progress, especially over the past decade, of using photothermal scaffolds/surfaces to regulate cell behaviors, which could be further categorized into three types: (i) killing the tumor cells via hyperthermia or thermal ablation, (ii) engineering cells by intracellular delivery of exogenous molecules via photothermal poration of cell membranes, and (iii) releasing a single cell or an intact cell sheet via modulation of surface physicochemical properties in response to heat. In the end, challenges and perspectives in these areas are commented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangcui Qu
- College of Biomedical Engineering & the Key Laboratory for Medical Functional Nanomaterials, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, PR China
| | - Kunyan Lu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Yanjun Zheng
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Chaobo Huang
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Materials (NFU-UGent), College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China
| | - Guannan Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering & the Key Laboratory for Medical Functional Nanomaterials, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, PR China
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, PR China
| | - Qian Yu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
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Cho YH, Park YG, Kim S, Park JU. 3D Electrodes for Bioelectronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005805. [PMID: 34013548 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent studies related to bioelectronics, significant efforts have been made to form 3D electrodes to increase the effective surface area or to optimize the transfer of signals at tissue-electrode interfaces. Although bioelectronic devices with 2D and flat electrode structures have been used extensively for monitoring biological signals, these 2D planar electrodes have made it difficult to form biocompatible and uniform interfaces with nonplanar and soft biological systems (at the cellular or tissue levels). Especially, recent biomedical applications have been expanding rapidly toward 3D organoids and the deep tissues of living animals, and 3D bioelectrodes are getting significant attention because they can reach the deep regions of various 3D tissues. An overview of recent studies on 3D bioelectronic devices, such as the use of electrical stimulations and the recording of neural signals from biological subjects, is presented. Subsequently, the recent developments in materials and fabrication processing to 3D micro- and nanostructures are introduced, followed by broad applications of these 3D bioelectronic devices at various in vitro and in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Han Cho
- Nano Science Technology Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Geun Park
- Nano Science Technology Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Kim
- Nano Science Technology Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Ung Park
- Nano Science Technology Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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Chiappini C, Chen Y, Aslanoglou S, Mariano A, Mollo V, Mu H, De Rosa E, He G, Tasciotti E, Xie X, Santoro F, Zhao W, Voelcker NH, Elnathan R. Tutorial: using nanoneedles for intracellular delivery. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:4539-4563. [PMID: 34426708 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00600-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular delivery of advanced therapeutics, including biologicals and supramolecular agents, is complex because of the natural biological barriers that have evolved to protect the cell. Efficient delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids, proteins, peptides and nanoparticles is crucial for clinical adoption of emerging technologies that can benefit disease treatment through gene and cell therapy. Nanoneedles are arrays of vertical high-aspect-ratio nanostructures that can precisely manipulate complex processes at the cell interface, enabling effective intracellular delivery. This emerging technology has already enabled the development of efficient and non-destructive routes for direct access to intracellular environments and delivery of cell-impermeant payloads. However, successful implementation of this technology requires knowledge of several scientific fields, making it complex to access and adopt by researchers who are not directly involved in developing nanoneedle platforms. This presents an obstacle to the widespread adoption of nanoneedle technologies for drug delivery. This tutorial aims to equip researchers with the knowledge required to develop a nanoinjection workflow. It discusses the selection of nanoneedle devices, approaches for cargo loading and strategies for interfacing to biological systems and summarises an array of bioassays that can be used to evaluate the efficacy of intracellular delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Chiappini
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK. .,London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Yaping Chen
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stella Aslanoglou
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna Mariano
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Mollo
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy
| | - Huanwen Mu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Enrica De Rosa
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Orthopedics & Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gen He
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ennio Tasciotti
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana Hospital, Rome, Italy.,San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy.,Sclavo Pharma, Siena, Italy
| | - Xi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Francesca Santoro
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy.
| | - Wenting Zhao
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. .,Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. .,CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Roey Elnathan
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. .,Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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8
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Peyravian N, Malekzadeh Kebria M, Kiani J, Brouki Milan P, Mozafari M. CRISPR-Associated (CAS) Effectors Delivery via Microfluidic Cell-Deformation Chip. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:3164. [PMID: 34207502 PMCID: PMC8226447 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Identifying new and even more precise technologies for modifying and manipulating selectively specific genes has provided a powerful tool for characterizing gene functions in basic research and potential therapeutics for genome regulation. The rapid development of nuclease-based techniques such as CRISPR/Cas systems has revolutionized new genome engineering and medicine possibilities. Additionally, the appropriate delivery procedures regarding CRISPR/Cas systems are critical, and a large number of previous reviews have focused on the CRISPR/Cas9-12 and 13 delivery methods. Still, despite all efforts, the in vivo delivery of the CAS gene systems remains challenging. The transfection of CRISPR components can often be inefficient when applying conventional delivery tools including viral elements and chemical vectors because of the restricted packaging size and incompetency of some cell types. Therefore, physical methods such as microfluidic systems are more applicable for in vitro delivery. This review focuses on the recent advancements of microfluidic systems to deliver CRISPR/Cas systems in clinical and therapy investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noshad Peyravian
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran; (N.P.); (M.M.K.)
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Maziar Malekzadeh Kebria
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran; (N.P.); (M.M.K.)
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Jafar Kiani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran;
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Peiman Brouki Milan
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran; (N.P.); (M.M.K.)
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
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Gao Y, Fajrial AK, Yang T, Ding X. Emerging on-chip surface acoustic wave technology for small biomaterials manipulation and characterization. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:1574-1582. [PMID: 33283794 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01269f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A surface acoustic wave (SAW) is a sound wave travelling on the surface of an elastic material. SAW offers a robust control of the acoustic energy leading to an unparalleled versatility. As an actuator, SAW can exert acoustic forces on particles and fluids thus enabling dexterous micro/nanoscale manipulations. As a sensor, SAW has a unique sensing capability upon changes in the environment. On-chip SAW technology, in which SAW is integrated with modern lab-on-a-chip (LOC), has drawn a lot of attention in recent years and found various exciting applications in micro/nanosystems. In particular, its well-known biocompatibility provides on-chip SAW technology as an exceptional platform for biomaterials research at the small-scale. In this minireview, we highlighted recent advances of on-chip SAW technology for biomaterials manipulation and characterization with a focus on cell-based (e.g. single-cell and multicellular) biomaterials. We also discussed and shared our perspective on future directions for this emerging research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
| | - Apresio K Fajrial
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
| | - Tao Yang
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
| | - Xiaoyun Ding
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. and Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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Fajrial AK, He QQ, Wirusanti NI, Slansky JE, Ding X. A review of emerging physical transfection methods for CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing. Theranostics 2020; 10:5532-5549. [PMID: 32373229 PMCID: PMC7196308 DOI: 10.7150/thno.43465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene editing is a versatile technique in biomedicine that promotes fundamental research as well as clinical therapy. The development of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) as a genome editing machinery has accelerated the application of gene editing. However, the delivery of CRISPR components often suffers when using conventional transfection methods, such as viral transduction and chemical vectors, due to limited packaging size and inefficiency toward certain cell types. In this review, we discuss physical transfection methods for CRISPR gene editing which can overcome these limitations. We outline different types of physical transfection methods, highlight novel techniques to deliver CRISPR components, and emphasize the role of micro and nanotechnology to improve transfection performance. We present our perspectives on the limitations of current technology and provide insights on the future developments of physical transfection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apresio K. Fajrial
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Qing Qing He
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Nurul I. Wirusanti
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherland
| | - Jill E. Slansky
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Ding
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
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Liu J, Li C, Brans T, Harizaj A, Van de Steene S, De Beer T, De Smedt S, Szunerits S, Boukherroub R, Xiong R, Braeckmans K. Surface Functionalization with Polyethylene Glycol and Polyethyleneimine Improves the Performance of Graphene-Based Materials for Safe and Efficient Intracellular Delivery by Laser-Induced Photoporation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1540. [PMID: 32102402 PMCID: PMC7073198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle mediated laser-induced photoporation is a physical cell membrane disruption approach to directly deliver extrinsic molecules into living cells, which is particularly promising in applications for both adherent and suspension cells. In this work, we explored surface modifications of graphene quantum dots (GQD) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) to enhance colloidal stability while retaining photoporation functionality. After photoporation with FITC-dextran 10 kDa (FD10), the percentage of positive HeLa cells (81% for GQD-PEG, 74% for rGO-PEG and 90% for rGO-PEI) increased approximately two-fold compared to the bare nanomaterials. While for Jurkat suspension cells, the photoporation efficiency with polymer-modified graphene-based nanomaterial reached as high as 80%. Cell viability was >80% in all these cases. In addition, polymer functionalization proved to be beneficial for the delivery of larger macromolecules (FD70 and FD500) as well. Finally, we show that rGO is suitable for photoporation using a near-infrared laser to reach 80% FD10 positive HeLa cells at 80% cell viability. We conclude that modification of graphene-based nanoparticles with PEG and especially PEI provide better colloidal stability in cell medium, resulting in more uniform transfection and overall increased efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (J.L.); (T.B.); (A.H.); (S.D.S.); (R.X.)
| | - Chengnan Li
- University Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ISEN, University Valenciennes, UMR 8520-IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France; (C.L.); (S.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Toon Brans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (J.L.); (T.B.); (A.H.); (S.D.S.); (R.X.)
| | - Aranit Harizaj
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (J.L.); (T.B.); (A.H.); (S.D.S.); (R.X.)
| | - Shana Van de Steene
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (T.D.B.)
| | - Thomas De Beer
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (T.D.B.)
| | - Stefaan De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (J.L.); (T.B.); (A.H.); (S.D.S.); (R.X.)
- Centre for Advanced Light Microscopy, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Technology (NFU-UGent), College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Sabine Szunerits
- University Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ISEN, University Valenciennes, UMR 8520-IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France; (C.L.); (S.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Rabah Boukherroub
- University Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ISEN, University Valenciennes, UMR 8520-IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France; (C.L.); (S.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Ranhua Xiong
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (J.L.); (T.B.); (A.H.); (S.D.S.); (R.X.)
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (J.L.); (T.B.); (A.H.); (S.D.S.); (R.X.)
- Centre for Advanced Light Microscopy, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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