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Deb VK, Jain U. Ti 3C 2 (MXene), an advanced carrier system: role in photothermal, photoacoustic, enhanced drugs delivery and biological activity in cancer therapy. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01572-3. [PMID: 38713400 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01572-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
In the realm of healthcare and the advancing field of medical sciences, the development of efficient drug delivery systems become an immense promise to cure several diseases. Despite considerable advancements in drug delivery systems, numerous challenges persist, necessitating further enhancements to optimize patient outcomes. Smart nano-carriers, for instance, 2D sheets nano-carriers are the recently emerging nanosheets that may garner attention for targeted delivery of bioactive compounds, drugs, and genes to kill cancer cells. Within these advancements, Ti3C2TX-MXene, characterized as a two-dimensional transition metal carbide, has surfaced as a prominent intelligent nanocarrier within nanomedicine. Its noteworthy characteristics facilitated it as an ideal nanocarrier for cancer therapy. In recent advancements in drug delivery research, Ti3C2TX-MXene 2D nanocarriers have been designed to release drugs in response to specific stimuli, guided by distinct physicochemical parameters. This review emphasized the multifaceted role of Ti3C2TX-MXene as a potential carrier for delivering poorly hydrophilic drugs to cancer cells, facilitated by various polymer coatings. Furthermore, beyond drug delivery, this smart nanocarrier demonstrates utility in photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy, further highlighting its significant role in cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Kumar Deb
- School of Health Sciences and Technology (SoHST), UPES, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Utkarsh Jain
- School of Health Sciences and Technology (SoHST), UPES, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India.
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2
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Roshani M, Rezaian-Isfahni A, Lotfalizadeh MH, Khassafi N, Abadi MHJN, Nejati M. Metal nanoparticles as a potential technique for the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal cancer: a comprehensive review. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:280. [PMID: 37981671 PMCID: PMC10657605 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03115-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is a major health problem worldwide, and current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are often inadequate. Various metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been widely studied for several biomedical applications, including cancer. They may potentially overcome the challenges associated with conventional chemotherapy and significantly impact the overall survival of GI cancer patients. Functionalized MNPs with targeted ligands provide more efficient localization of tumor energy deposition, better solubility and stability, and specific targeting properties. In addition to enhanced therapeutic efficacy, MNPs are also a diagnostic tool for molecular imaging of malignant lesions, enabling non-invasive imaging or detection of tumor-specific or tumor-associated antigens. MNP-based therapeutic systems enable simultaneous stability and solubility of encapsulated drugs and regulate the delivery of therapeutic agents directly to tumor cells, which improves therapeutic efficacy and minimizes drug toxicity and leakage into normal cells. However, metal nanoparticles have been shown to have a cytotoxic effect on cells in vitro. This can be a concern when using metal nanoparticles for cancer treatment, as they may also kill healthy cells in addition to cancer cells. In this review, we provide an overview of the current state of the field, including preparation methods of MNPs, clinical applications, and advances in their use in targeted GI cancer therapy, as well as the advantages and limitations of using metal nanoparticles for the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal cancer such as potential toxicity. We also discuss potential future directions and areas for further research, including the development of novel MNP-based approaches and the optimization of existing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Roshani
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arya Rezaian-Isfahni
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Negar Khassafi
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Jafari Najaf Abadi
- Research Center for Health Technology Assessment and Medical Informatics, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Majid Nejati
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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3
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Manimaran R, Dinesh Patel K, Maurice Lobo V, Suresh Kumbhar S, Vamsi Krishna Venuganti V. Buccal mucosal application of dissolvable microneedle patch containing photosensitizer provides effective localized delivery and phototherapy against oral carcinoma. Int J Pharm 2023; 640:122991. [PMID: 37120122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of phototherapy using photosensitizers is limited by the challenges in their delivery at the site of irradiation. Here, we demonstrate the localized application of a photosensitizer-loaded microneedle patch for effective photodynamic and photothermal therapy in oral carcinoma. Indocyanine green (ICG) was studied as a photosensitizer for its effect on oral carcinoma, FaDu cells. Different parameters including concentration, near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation intensity and irradiation time were optimized while measuring temperature increase and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in FaDu cells. A dissolvable microneedle (DMN) patch made of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate was fabricated by the micromolding technique. DMN showed sufficient mechanical strength for insertion in the excised porcine buccal mucosa. DMN dissolved within 30 s in phosphate buffer and 30 min in the excised buccal mucosa. Confocal microscopy studies revealed DMN penetration up to a depth of 300 µm within the buccal mucosa. ICG-DMN applied on the back of the rat was found to be localized at the application site before and after irradiation using an 808 nm NIR laser. ICG-DMN was applied on the FaDu xenografted tumor model in athymic nude mice. The localized temperature increase and ROS generation significantly (P<0.05) decreased the tumor volume after ICG-DMN application compared with the control group. In conclusion, DMN can be developed for the localized administration of photosensitizers for phototherapy in oral carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghuraman Manimaran
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Kinnari Dinesh Patel
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Venessa Maurice Lobo
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Shubham Suresh Kumbhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Venkata Vamsi Krishna Venuganti
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, 500078, Telangana, India.
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4
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Akter Z, Khan FZ, Khan MA. Gold Nanoparticles in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Therapeutics. Curr Med Chem 2023; 30:316-334. [PMID: 34477507 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210902141257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive type of breast cancer with enhanced metastasis and poor survival. Though chemotherapy, radiotherapy, photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), and gene delivery are used to treat TNBC, various side effects limit these therapeutics against TNBC. In this review article, we have focused on the mechanism of action of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to enhance the efficacy of therapeutics with targeted delivery on TNBC cells. METHODS Research data were accumulated from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using searching criteria "gold nanoparticles and triple-negative breast cancer" and "gold nanoparticles and cancer". Though we reviewed many old papers, the most cited papers were from the last ten years. RESULTS Various studies indicate that AuNPs can enhance bioavailability, site-specific drug delivery, and efficacy of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, PTT, and PDT as well as modulate gene expression. The role of AuNPs in the modulation of TNBC therapeutics through the inhibition of cell proliferation, progression, and metastasis has been proved in vitro and in vivo studies. As these mechanistic actions of AuNPs are most desirable to develop drugs with enhanced therapeutic efficacy against TNBC, it might be a promising approach to apply AuNPs for TNBC therapeutics. CONCLUSION This article reviewed the mechanism of action of AuNPs and their application in the enhancement of therapeutics against TNBC. Much more attention is required for studying the role of AuNPs in developing them either as a single or synergistic anticancer agent against TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakia Akter
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Fabiha Zaheen Khan
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Md Asaduzzaman Khan
- Key laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China
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Wang X, Wang WX. Cell-Type-Dependent Dissolution of CuO Nanoparticles and Efflux of Cu Ions following Cellular Internalization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:12404-12415. [PMID: 35946305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CuO nanoparticles (NPs) show promising applications in biosensors, waste treatment, and energy materials, but the growing manufacture of CuO NPs also leads to the concerns for their potential environmental and health risks. However, the cellular fates of CuO NPs such as Cu ion dissolution, transformation, and efflux remain largely speculative. In the present study, we for the first time combined the gold-core labeling and Cu ion bioimaging technologies to reveal the intracellular fates of CuO NPs in different cells following cellular internalization of NPs. We demonstrated that the dissolution rate of CuO NPs depended on the cell type. Following CuO dissolution, limited transformation of Cu(II) to Cu(I) occurred within the cellular microenvironment. Instead, Cu(II) was rapidly eliminated from the cells, and such rapid efflux in different cells was highly dependent on the GSH-mediated pathway and lysosome exocytosis. The labile Cu(I) level in the two cancerous cell lines was immediately regulated upon Cu exposure, which explained their tolerance to Au@CuO NPs. Overall, our study demonstrated a very rapid turnover of Cu in the cells following CuO internalization, which subsequently determined the cellular toxicity of CuO. The results will have important implications for assessing the health risk of CuO NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrui Wang
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 519000, China
- Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 519000, China
- Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
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Cong VT, Houng JL, Kavallaris M, Chen X, Tilley RD, Gooding JJ. How can we use the endocytosis pathways to design nanoparticle drug-delivery vehicles to target cancer cells over healthy cells? Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:7531-7559. [PMID: 35938511 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00707f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery in cancer typically focuses on maximising the endocytosis of drugs into the diseased cells. However, there has been less focus on exploiting the differences in the endocytosis pathways of cancer cells versus non-cancer cells. An understanding of the endocytosis pathways in both cancer and non-cancer cells allows for the design of nanoparticles to deliver drugs to cancer cells whilst restricting healthy cells from taking up anticancer drugs, thus efficiently killing the cancer cells. Herein we compare the differences in the endocytosis pathways of cancer and healthy cells. Second, we highlight the importance of the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles (size, shape, stiffness, and surface chemistry) on cellular uptake and how they can be adjusted to selectively target the dominated endocytosis pathway of cancer cells over healthy cells and to deliver anticancer drug to the target cells. The review generates new thought in the design of cancer-selective nanoparticles based on the endocytosis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Thanh Cong
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. .,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jacinta L Houng
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. .,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, Institute of Polymer Science in Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Richard D Tilley
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - J Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. .,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Salas-Huenuleo E, Hernández A, Lobos-González L, Polakovičová I, Morales-Zavala F, Araya E, Celis F, Romero C, Kogan MJ. Peptide Targeted Gold Nanoplatform Carrying miR-145 Induces Antitumoral Effects in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:958. [PMID: 35631544 PMCID: PMC9144804 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the recent attractive therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment is restoring downregulated microRNAs. They play an essential muti-regulatory role in cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, apoptosis, cell cycle, angiogenesis, and metastasis, among others. In this study, a gold nanoplatform (GNPF) carrying miR-145, a downregulated microRNA in many cancer types, including epithelial ovarian cancer, was designed and synthesized. For targeting purposes, the GNPF was functionalized with the FSH33 peptide, which provided selectivity for ovarian cancer, and loaded with the miR-145 to obtain the nanosystem GNPF-miR-145. The GNPF-mir-145 was selectively incorporated in A2780 and SKOV3 cells and significantly inhibited cell viability and migration and exhibited proliferative and anchor-independent growth capacities. Moreover, it diminished VEGF release and reduced the spheroid size of ovarian cancer through the damage of cell membranes, thus decreasing cell viability and possibly activating apoptosis. These results provide important advances in developing miR-based therapies using nanoparticles as selective vectors and provide approaches for in vivo evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edison Salas-Huenuleo
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (E.S.-H.); (F.M.-Z.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile & Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (L.L.-G.); (I.P.)
- Advanced Integrated Technologies (AINTECH), Chorrillo Uno, Parcela 21, Lampa, Santiago 9380000, Chile
| | - Andrea Hernández
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Reproduction Biology, Clinical Hospital, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile;
| | - Lorena Lobos-González
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile & Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (L.L.-G.); (I.P.)
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Iva Polakovičová
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile & Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (L.L.-G.); (I.P.)
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Francisco Morales-Zavala
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (E.S.-H.); (F.M.-Z.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile & Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (L.L.-G.); (I.P.)
- Centro de Nanotecnología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Temuco 4801043, Chile
| | - Eyleen Araya
- Departamento de Ciencias Quimicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile;
| | - Freddy Celis
- Laboratorio de Procesos Fotónicos y Electroquímicos, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso 2360002, Chile;
| | - Carmen Romero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile & Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (L.L.-G.); (I.P.)
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Reproduction Biology, Clinical Hospital, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile;
| | - Marcelo J. Kogan
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (E.S.-H.); (F.M.-Z.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile & Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (L.L.-G.); (I.P.)
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Xuan LTQ, Nguyen LN, Dao NT. Synthesis of stabilizer-free, homogeneous gold nanoparticles by cold atmospheric-pressure plasma jet and their optical sensing property. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:105603. [PMID: 34814120 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac3c7f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recently, cold atmospheric-pressure plasma has been studied extensively as an efficient and green method to synthesize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Although the characteristics of the AuNPs, especially their homogeneousness, depend very much on the plasma synthesis parameters, there is a lack of a study involving these parameters systematically. Moreover, most of AuNPs-cold-plasma synthesis reports so far either required organic capping agents or resulted in highly non-uniform AuNPs. In this work, we systematically study the effect of most important synthesis parameters- including distance from the plasma jet to the solution, gas flow rate, plasma frequency, volume and concentration of the precursor, plasma interaction time as well as the effect of the synthesis environment (humidity and temperature)-on the uniformity of the AuNPs. Through various characterization measurements, we show that homogeneous and highly stable intrinsic AuNPs with an average size of 45 nm can be obtained with optimized synthesis parameters and in the absence of a stabilizer. The synthesized AuNPs yield advanced optical sensing properties in comparison with commercial AuNPs and can be further applied in developing versatile and high-sensitivity biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Thi Quynh Xuan
- Laboratory of Plasma Technology, Institute of Materials Sciences (IMS), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology (GUST), VAST, Vietnam
| | - Linh Nhat Nguyen
- Laboratory of Plasma Technology, Institute of Materials Sciences (IMS), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thuan Dao
- Laboratory of Plasma Technology, Institute of Materials Sciences (IMS), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology (GUST), VAST, Vietnam
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9
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Li Y, Wang WX. Uptake, intracellular dissolution, and cytotoxicity of silver nanowires in cell models. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 281:130762. [PMID: 34020191 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The uptake, intracellular dissolution, and cytotoxicity of silver nanowires (AgNWs) in two cell models (human keratinocytes - HaCaT cells and murine macrophages) were systemically investigated for the first time. Cellular uptake of AgNWs occurred mainly via pathways of clathrin-dependent endocytosis, caveolae-dependent endocytosis, and phagocytosis. AgNWs could be internalized by two types of cells with numerous lysosomal vesicles detected in close vicinity to AgNWs. Meanwhile, AgNWs exposure caused lysosomal permeabilization and release of cathepsisn B into cytoplasm. Furthermore, for the first time, this study found that AgNWs exposure inhibited the transmembrane ATP binding cassette (ABC) efflux transporter activity, which could make AgNWs as chemosensitizers to increase the toxicity of other xenobiotic pollutants. Toxicity assays evaluating reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial activity indicated that cytotoxicity differed for different cell types and particles. The intracellular presence of AgNWs with different diameters induced similar toxic events but to different extents. AgNWs were absorbed by macrophages more efficiently than HaCaT cells, while AgNWs exhibited only marginal cytotoxicity towards macrophages compared to HaCaT cells. Using an Ag+ fluorescence probe, it was found that a fraction of AgNWs was dissolved inside the lysosomes. A higher amount of released Ag+ was detected in HaCaT cells than in macrophages, which might partially contribute to their higher cytotoxicity in HaCaT cells. The toxicity of AgNWs in HaCaT cells and macrophages is due to the high-aspect nature of the nanowires rather than the extracellular release of Ag+. This study may be useful for risk assessments of AgNWs in their practical applications in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Li
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
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10
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Goodarzi S, Prunet A, Rossetti F, Bort G, Tillement O, Porcel E, Lacombe S, Wu TD, Guerquin-Kern JL, Delanoë-Ayari H, Lux F, Rivière C. Quantifying nanotherapeutic penetration using a hydrogel-based microsystem as a new 3D in vitro platform. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:2495-2510. [PMID: 34110341 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00192b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The huge gap between 2D in vitro assays used for drug screening and the in vivo 3D physiological environment hampered reliable predictions for the route and accumulation of nanotherapeutics in vivo. For such nanotherapeutics, multi-cellular tumour spheroids (MCTS) are emerging as a good alternative in vitro model. However, the classical approaches to produce MCTS suffer from low yield, slow process, difficulties in MCTS manipulation and compatibility with high-magnification fluorescence optical microscopy. On the other hand, spheroid-on-chip set-ups developed so far require a practical knowledge of microfluidics difficult to transfer to a cell biology laboratory. We present here a simple yet highly flexible 3D model microsystem consisting of agarose-based microwells. Fully compatible with the multi-well plate format conventionally used in cell biology, our simple process enables the formation of hundreds of reproducible spheroids in a single pipetting. Immunostaining and fluorescence imaging including live high-resolution optical microscopy can be performed in situ, with no manipulation of spheroids. As a proof of principle of the relevance of such an in vitro platform for nanotherapeutic evaluation, this study investigates the kinetics and localisation of nanoparticles within colorectal cancer MCTS cells (HCT-116). The nanoparticles chosen are sub-5 nm ultrasmall nanoparticles made of polysiloxane and gadolinium chelates that can be visualized in MRI (AGuIX®, currently implicated in clinical trials as effective radiosensitizers for radiotherapy) and confocal microscopy after addition of Cy5.5. We show that the amount of AGuIX® nanoparticles within cells is largely different in 2D and 3D. Using our flexible agarose-based microsystems, we are able to resolve spatially and temporally the penetration and distribution of AGuIX® nanoparticles within MCTS. The nanoparticles are first found in both extracellular and intracellular space of MCTS. While the extracellular part is washed away after a few days, we evidenced intracellular localisation of AGuIX®, mainly within the lysosomal compartment, but also occasionally within mitochondria. Hence, our agarose-based microsystem appears as a promising 3D in vitro user-friendly platform for investigation of nanotherapeutic transport, ahead of in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Goodarzi
- University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Audrey Prunet
- University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Fabien Rossetti
- University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Guillaume Bort
- University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Olivier Tillement
- University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Erika Porcel
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Sandrine Lacombe
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Ting-Di Wu
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Paris, France and Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Inserm, Centre d'Imagerie Multimodale, 91401, Orsay, France
| | - Jean-Luc Guerquin-Kern
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Paris, France and Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Inserm, Centre d'Imagerie Multimodale, 91401, Orsay, France
| | - Hélène Delanoë-Ayari
- University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - François Lux
- University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France. and Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France
| | - Charlotte Rivière
- University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France. and Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France
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11
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Porosnicu I, Butnaru CM, Tiseanu I, Stancu E, Munteanu CVA, Bita BI, Duliu OG, Sima F. Y 2O 3 Nanoparticles and X-ray Radiation-Induced Effects in Melanoma Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113403. [PMID: 34199757 PMCID: PMC8200002 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The innovative strategy of using nanoparticles in radiotherapy has become an exciting topic due to the possibility of simultaneously improving local efficiency of radiation in tumors and real-time monitoring of the delivered doses. Yttrium oxide (Y2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) are used in material science to prepare phosphors for various applications including X-ray induced photodynamic therapy and in situ nano-dosimetry, but few available reports only addressed the effect induced in cells by combined exposure to different doses of superficial X-ray radiation and nanoparticles. Herein, we analyzed changes induced in melanoma cells by exposure to different doses of X-ray radiation and various concentrations of Y2O3 NPs. By evaluation of cell mitochondrial activity and production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), we estimated that 2, 4, and 6 Gy X-ray radiation doses are visibly altering the cells by inducing ROS production with increasing the dose while at 6 Gy the mitochondrial activity is also affected. Separately, high-concentrated solutions of 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL Y2O3 NPs were also found to affect the cells by inducing ROS production with the increase of concentration. Additionally, the colony-forming units assay evidenced a rather synergic effect of NPs and radiation. By adding the NPs to cells before irradiation, a decrease of the number of proliferating cell colonies was observed with increase of X-ray dose. DNA damage was evidenced by quantifying the γ-H2AX foci for cells treated with Y2O3 NPs and exposed to superficial X-ray radiation. Proteomic profile confirmed that a combined effect of 50 µg/mL Y2O3 NPs and 6 Gy X-ray dose induced mitochondria alterations and DNA changes in melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Porosnicu
- National Institute of Laser Plasma and Radiation Physics, P.O. Box MG-36, 76900 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania; (I.P.); (I.T.); (E.S.); (B.I.B.)
- Faculty of Physics, Doctoral School on Physics, University of Bucharest, 405 Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele-Ilfov, Romania;
| | - Cristian M. Butnaru
- National Institute of Laser Plasma and Radiation Physics, P.O. Box MG-36, 76900 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania; (I.P.); (I.T.); (E.S.); (B.I.B.)
- Correspondence: (C.M.B.); (F.S.)
| | - Ion Tiseanu
- National Institute of Laser Plasma and Radiation Physics, P.O. Box MG-36, 76900 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania; (I.P.); (I.T.); (E.S.); (B.I.B.)
| | - Elena Stancu
- National Institute of Laser Plasma and Radiation Physics, P.O. Box MG-36, 76900 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania; (I.P.); (I.T.); (E.S.); (B.I.B.)
| | - Cristian V. A. Munteanu
- Institute of Biochemistry, Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Bogdan I. Bita
- National Institute of Laser Plasma and Radiation Physics, P.O. Box MG-36, 76900 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania; (I.P.); (I.T.); (E.S.); (B.I.B.)
| | - Octavian G. Duliu
- Faculty of Physics, Doctoral School on Physics, University of Bucharest, 405 Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele-Ilfov, Romania;
| | - Felix Sima
- National Institute of Laser Plasma and Radiation Physics, P.O. Box MG-36, 76900 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania; (I.P.); (I.T.); (E.S.); (B.I.B.)
- Correspondence: (C.M.B.); (F.S.)
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Gupta N, Malviya R. Understanding and advancement in gold nanoparticle targeted photothermal therapy of cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1875:188532. [PMID: 33667572 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The present communication summarizes the importance, understanding and advancement in the photothermal therapy of cancer using gold nanoparticles. Photothermal therapy was used earlier as a single line therapy, but using a combination of photothermal therapy with other therapies like immunotherapy, chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy; efficient therapy management can be achieved. As it was discussed in many studies that gold nanoparticles are treated as idyllic photothermal transducers due to their structural dimensions, which enables them to strongly absorb near infrared light. Gold nanoparticles which are mediated for photothermal therapy can warn cancer cells to chemotherapy, regulate genes and immunotherapy by enhancing the cell permeability and intracellular delivery. The necrosis process and apoptosis depend on the power of laser and temperature within the cancerous tissues which are reached during irradiation. Cells death mechanism is also important because the cells which died through the process of necrosis can endorse secondary tumor growth while the cells which died through apoptosis may provoke the immune response to inhibit the development of secondary tumor growth. To decrease the in vivo barriers, gold nanostructures are again modified with targeting ligand and bio-responsive linker. The manuscript summarizes that the use of gold nanoparticles is capable of inhibiting the growth of cancerous cells by using photothermal therapy which has lesser adverse effects compared to other line therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandan Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rishabha Malviya
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Enea M, Pereira E, Costa J, Soares ME, Dias da Silva D, Bastos MDL, Carmo HF. Cellular uptake and toxicity of gold nanoparticles on two distinct hepatic cell models. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 70:105046. [PMID: 33147519 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.105046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have huge potential for various biomedical applications, but their successful use depends on their uptake and possible toxicity in the liver, their main site for accumulation. Therefore, in this work we compared the cytotoxic effects induced by AuNPs with different size (~ 15 nm and 60 nm), shape (nanospheres and nanostars) and capping [citrate- or 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA)], in human HepaRG cells or primary rat hepatocytes (PRH) cultivated with serum-free or Foetal Bovine Serum (FBS)-supplemented media. The safety assessment of the AuNPs demonstrated that overall they present low toxicity towards hepatic cells. Among all the tested AuNPs, the smaller 15 nm spheres displayed the highest toxicity. The toxicological effect was capping, size and cell-type dependent with citrate-capping more toxic than MUA (PRH with FBS), the 15 nm AuNPs more toxic than 60 nm counterparts and PRH more sensitive, as compared to the HepaRG cells. The incubation with FBS-free media produced aggregation of AuNPs while its presence greatly influenced the toxicity outcomes. The cellular uptake of AuNPs was shape, size and capping dependent in PRH cultivated in FBS-supplemented media, and significantly different between the two types of cells with extensively higher internalization of AuNPs in PRH, as compared to the HepaRG cells. These data show that the physical-chemical properties of AuNPs, including size and shape, as well as the type of cellular model, greatly influence the interaction of the AuNPs with the biological environment and consequently, their toxicological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Enea
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal; REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua Campo Alegre, 687, Porto 4169-007, Portugal.
| | - Eulália Pereira
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua Campo Alegre, 687, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Joana Costa
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Maria Elisa Soares
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Diana Dias da Silva
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Maria de Lourdes Bastos
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Helena Ferreira Carmo
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
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Differential Effects of Gold Nanoparticles and Ionizing Radiation on Cell Motility between Primary Human Colonic and Melanocytic Cells and Their Cancerous Counterparts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031418. [PMID: 33572551 PMCID: PMC7866826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and/or ionizing radiation (IR) on the viability and motility of human primary colon epithelial (CCD841) and colorectal adenocarcinoma (SW48) cells as well as human primary epidermal melanocytes (HEM) and melanoma (MM418-C1) cells. AuNPs up to 4 mM had no effect on the viability of these cell lines. The viability of the cancer cells was ~60% following exposure to 5 Gy. Exposure to 5 Gy X-rays or 1 mM AuNPs showed the migration of the cancer cells ~85% that of untreated controls, while co-treatment with AuNPs and IR decreased migration to ~60%. In the non-cancerous cell lines gap closure was enhanced by ~15% following 1 mM AuNPs or 5 Gy treatment, while for co-treatment it was ~22% greater than that for the untreated controls. AuNPs had no effect on cell re-adhesion, while IR enhanced only the re-adhesion of the cancer cell lines but not their non-cancerous counterparts. The addition of AuNPs did not enhance cell adherence. This different reaction to AuNPs and IR in the cancer and normal cells can be attributed to radiation-induced adhesiveness and metabolic differences between tumour cells and their non-cancerous counterparts.
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Tomşa AM, Răchişan AL, Aldea AA, Ciumărnean L. Perspectives of gold nanoparticles and their applications in pancreatic cancer (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:258. [PMID: 33603865 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) represent a major point of interest in the scientific field, with an increasing number of studies revealing promising results. Nano-oncology is a relatively new area of research that continues to expand, revealing new perspectives in both diagnosing and treating cancer. Treating pancreatic cancer (PC) remains a major challenge, with modest positive results, thus an increasing number of studies have focused on this disease. Out of all the NPs that have been used in experimental studies, gold NPs (GNPs) appear to be the most efficient, with little systemic toxicity. This review aims to summarize the latest studies that reveal the effects that GNPs have on PC cells, focusing on different ways in which they can be used to diagnose this disease, to induce apoptosis or cause cytotoxicity in cancer cells. Although literature has limited data concerning this specific topic, the results are promising. However more studies are required until GNPs can be used in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Magdalena Tomşa
- Department No. 9 Mother and Child, 2nd Clinic of Pediatrics, 'Iuliu Haţieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Liana Răchişan
- Department No. 9 Mother and Child, 2nd Clinic of Pediatrics, 'Iuliu Haţieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Alexandra Aldea
- Department No. 9 Mother and Child, 2nd Clinic of Pediatrics, 'Iuliu Haţieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lorena Ciumărnean
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, 'Iuliu Haţieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Castilho ML, Jesus VPS, Vieira PFA, Hewitt KC, Raniero L. Chlorin e6-EGF conjugated gold nanoparticles as a nanomedicine based therapeutic agent for triple negative breast cancer. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 33:102186. [PMID: 33497816 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To develop a treatment modality for triple-negative breast cancer, we investigated the efficacy of a bifunctional theranostic nanoprobes (BN) during Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) on human breast carcinoma and normal human cells. The BN is a 21 nm gold nanoparticles functionalized with Chlorin e6 (Ce6) and Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF). Attachment to gold nanoparticle stabilizes Ce6 while EGF acts as a cancer cell targeting agent. Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy revealed a gradual uptake of nanoprobes into cancer cells at an average rate of 63 BN/min. Cell viability assays showed that 0.2 μg/mL BN concentration was highly cytotoxic to cancer cells (86 %), but not normal cells. At this concentration, 58 % cancer cells were necrotic and 38 % apoptotic, while the reactive oxygen species (ROS) was 9-fold higher in cancer cells compared to normal. Overall, results suggest that BN mediated PDT can achieve targeted cancer cell death with high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiara L Castilho
- Laboratório de Nanossensores, Instituto de Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, UNIVAP, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12244-000, Brazil; Laboratório de Bionanotecnologia, Instituto de Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, UNIVAP, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12244-000, Brazil
| | - Viviane P S Jesus
- Laboratório de Nanossensores, Instituto de Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, UNIVAP, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12244-000, Brazil
| | - Paula F A Vieira
- Laboratório de Nanossensores, Instituto de Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, UNIVAP, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12244-000, Brazil
| | - Kevin C Hewitt
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, 6310 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - L Raniero
- Laboratório de Nanossensores, Instituto de Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, UNIVAP, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12244-000, Brazil.
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Silva VDCJD, Silva RDNO, Colli LG, Carvalho MHCD, Rodrigues SF. Gold nanoparticles carrying or not anti-VEGF antibody do not change glioblastoma multiforme tumor progression in mice. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05591. [PMID: 33294714 PMCID: PMC7701192 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most devastating malignant primary brain tumor known. Life expectance is around 15 months after diagnosis. Several events contribute to the GBM progression such as uncontrolled genetic cancer cells proliferation, angiogenesis (mostly vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated), tissue invasion, glioma stem cell activity, immune system failure, and a hypoxic and inflammatory tumor microenvironment. Tumor cells antiproliferative effect of 20 nm citrate-covered gold nanoparticles (cit-AuNP) has been reported, along with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects. We aimed to test whether either chronic treatment with 20 nm cit-AuNP or anti-VEGF antibody (Ig)-covered AuNP could reduce GBM progression in mice. Main methods Effect of the gold nanoparticles on the GL261 glioblastoma cells proliferation in vitro, and on the GL261-induced glioblastoma cell growth in C57BL/6 mice in vivo were tested. Besides, fluorophore-conjugated gold nanoparticles penetration through the GL261 plasma cell membrane, gold labelling in brain parenchyma of glioblastoma-carrying mice, and VEGF expression into the tumor were evaluated. Key findings We observed cit-AuNP did no change the GL261 cells proliferation. Similarly, we demonstrated chronic treatment with either cit-AuNP or anti-VEGF Ig-covered AuNP did not modify the GL261 cells-induced GBM progression in mice. By the end, we showed AuNPs did not trespass in appreciable amount both the GL261 plasma cell membrane and the tumoral blood brain barrier (BBB), and did not change the VEGF expression into the tumor. Significance 20 nm cit-AuNP or anti-VEGF Ig covered-AuNP are not good tools to reduce GBM in mice, probably because they do not penetrate both tumor cells and BBB in enough amount to reduce tumor growing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane de Cassia Jesus da Silva
- Laboratory of Vascular Nanopharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences I, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renee de Nazare O Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences I, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Giglio Colli
- Laboratory of Hypertension, Diabetes and Vascular Biology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences I, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena Catelli de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Hypertension, Diabetes and Vascular Biology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences I, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Stephen Fernandes Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Vascular Nanopharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences I, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Laboratory of Hypertension, Diabetes and Vascular Biology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences I, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Mueller R, Yasmin-Karim S, DeCosmo K, Vazquez-Pagan A, Sridhar S, Kozono D, Hesser J, Ngwa W. Increased carcinoembryonic antigen expression on the surface of lung cancer cells using gold nanoparticles during radiotherapy. Phys Med 2020; 76:236-242. [PMID: 32731132 PMCID: PMC7500560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor-associated antigens are a promising target of immunotherapy approaches for cancer treatments but rely on sufficient expression of the target antigen. This study investigates the expression of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) on the surface of irradiated lung cancer cells in vitro using gold nanoparticles as radio-enhancer. METHODS Human lung carcinoma cells A549 were irradiated and expression of CEA on the cell surface measured by flow cytometry 3 h, 24 h, and 72 h after irradiation to doses of 2 Gy, 6 Gy, 10 Gy, and 20 Gy in the presence or absence of 0.1 mg/ml or 0.5 mg/ml gold nanoparticles. CEA expression was measured as median fluorescent intensity and percentage of CEA-positive cells. RESULTS An increase in CEA expression was observed with both increasing radiation dose and time. There was doubling in median fluorescent intensity 24 h after 20 Gy irradiation and 72 h after 6 Gy irradiation. Use of gold nanoparticles resulted in additional significant increase in CEA expression. Change in cell morphology included swelling of cells and increased internal complexity in accordance with change in CEA expression. CONCLUSIONS This study showed an increase in CEA expression on human lung carcinoma cells following irradiation. Increase in expression was observed with increasing radiation dose and in a time dependent manner up to 72 h post irradiation. The results further showed that gold nanoparticles can significantly increase CEA expression following radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Mueller
- Data Analysis and Modeling in Medicine, Mannheim Institute for Intelligent Systems in Medicine (MIISM), Heidelberg University, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg University, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Sayeda Yasmin-Karim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kaylie DeCosmo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Health Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ana Vazquez-Pagan
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Srinivas Sridhar
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David Kozono
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Juergen Hesser
- Data Analysis and Modeling in Medicine, Mannheim Institute for Intelligent Systems in Medicine (MIISM), Heidelberg University, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg University, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Central Institute for Computer Engineering (ZITI), Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wilfred Ngwa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Physics and Applied Physics, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
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Kempson I. Mechanisms of nanoparticle radiosensitization. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 13:e1656. [PMID: 32686321 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metal-based nanoparticles applied to potentiating the effects of radiotherapy have drawn significant attention from the research community and are now available clinically. By improving our mechanistic understanding, nanoparticles are likely to evolve to provide very significant improvements in radiotherapy outcomes with only incremental increase in cost. This review critically assesses the inconsistent observations surrounding physical, physicochemical, chemical and biological mechanisms of radiosensitization. In doing so, a number of needs are identified for continuing research and are highlighted. The large degree of variability from one nanoparticle to another emphasizes that it is a mistake to generalize nanoparticle radiosensitizer mechanisms. Nanoparticle formulations should be considered in an analogous way as pharmacological agents and as a broad class of therapeutic agents, needing to be considered with a high degree of individuality with respect to their interactions and ultimate impact on radiobiological response. In the same way that no universal anti-cancer drug exists, it is unlikely that a single nanoparticle formulation will lead to the best therapeutic outcomes for all cancers. The high degree of complexity and variability in mechanistic action provides notable opportunities for nanoparticle formulations to be optimized for specific indications. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kempson
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
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