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Gawne T, Campbell T, Forte A, Hollebon P, Perez-Callejo G, Humphries OS, Karnbach O, Kasim MF, Preston TR, Lee HJ, Miscampbell A, van den Berg QY, Nagler B, Ren S, Royle RB, Wark JS, Vinko SM. Investigating mechanisms of state localization in highly ionized dense plasmas. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:035210. [PMID: 37849197 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.035210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
We present experimental observations of K_{β} emission from highly charged Mg ions at solid density, driven by intense x rays from a free electron laser. The presence of K_{β} emission indicates the n=3 atomic shell is relocalized for high charge states, providing an upper constraint on the depression of the ionization potential. We explore the process of state relocalization in dense plasmas from first principles using finite-temperature density functional theory alongside a wave-function localization metric, and find excellent agreement with experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gawne
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Campbell
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Forte
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Hollebon
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriel Perez-Callejo
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Atómica y Óptica, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - Oliver Karnbach
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad F Kasim
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hae Ja Lee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Alan Miscampbell
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Quincy Y van den Berg
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Bob Nagler
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Shenyuan Ren
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan B Royle
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Justin S Wark
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Sam M Vinko
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
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2
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Kraus BF, Gao L, Hill KW, Bitter M, Efthimion PC, Gomez TA, Moreau A, Hollinger R, Wang S, Song H, Rocca JJ, Mancini RC. Solid-Density Ion Temperature from Redshifted and Double-Peaked Stark Line Shapes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:205001. [PMID: 34860067 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.205001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Heβ spectral line shapes are important for diagnosing temperature and density in many dense plasmas. This work presents Heβ line shapes measured with high spectral resolution from solid-density plasmas with minimized gradients. The line shapes show hallmark features of Stark broadening, including quantifiable redshifts and double-peaked structure with a significant dip between the peaks; these features are compared to models through a Markov chain Monte Carlo framework. Line shape theory using the dipole approximation can fit the width and peak separation of measured line shapes, but it cannot resolve an ambiguity between electron density n_{e} and ion temperature T_{i}, since both parameters influence the strength of quasistatic ion microfields. Here a line shape model employing a full Coulomb interaction for the electron broadening computes self-consistent line widths and redshifts through the monopole term; redshifts have different dependence on plasma parameters and thus resolve the n_{e}-T_{i} ambiguity. The measured line shapes indicate densities that are 80-100% of solid, identifying a regime of highly ionized but well-tamped plasma. This analysis also provides the first strong evidence that dense ions and electrons are not in thermal equilibrium, despite equilibration times much shorter than the duration of x-ray emission; cooler ions may arise from nonclassical thermalization rates or anomalous energy transport. The experimental platform and diagnostic technique constitute a promising new approach for studying ion-electron equilibration in dense plasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Kraus
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
| | - Lan Gao
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
| | - K W Hill
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
| | - M Bitter
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
| | - P C Efthimion
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
| | - T A Gomez
- Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - A Moreau
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - R Hollinger
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Shoujun Wang
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Huanyu Song
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - J J Rocca
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
- Physics Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - R C Mancini
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
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3
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Beiersdorfer P, Magee EW, Brown GV, Hell N, McKelvey A, Shepherd R, Hoarty DJ, Brown CRD, Hill MP, Hobbs LMR, James SF, Wilson L. High resolution, high signal-to-noise crystal spectrometer for measurements of line shifts in high-density plasmas. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:10F120. [PMID: 30399793 DOI: 10.1063/1.5035303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Orion high-resolution x-ray (OHREX) spectrometer has been a successful tool for measuring the shapes of density-broadened spectral lines produced in short-pulse heated plasmas at the Orion laser facility. We have recently outfitted the instrument with a charge-couple device (CCD) camera, which greatly increased the accuracy with which we can perform line-shift measurements. Because OHREX is located on the outside of the Orion target chamber, no provisions for the shielding of electromagnetic pulses are required. With the CCD, we obtained a higher signal-to-noise ratio than we previously obtained with an image-plate detector. This allowed us to observe structure in the image produced by the diffraction from the two OHREX crystals, which was highly reproducible from shot to shot. This structure will ultimately limit the accuracy of our spectroscopic measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Beiersdorfer
- Physics Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - E W Magee
- Physics Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - G V Brown
- Physics Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - N Hell
- Physics Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A McKelvey
- Physics Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R Shepherd
- Physics Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D J Hoarty
- Directorate of Research and Applied Science, AWE plc, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - C R D Brown
- Directorate of Research and Applied Science, AWE plc, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - M P Hill
- Directorate of Research and Applied Science, AWE plc, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - L M R Hobbs
- Directorate of Research and Applied Science, AWE plc, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - S F James
- Directorate of Research and Applied Science, AWE plc, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - L Wilson
- Directorate of Research and Applied Science, AWE plc, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
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4
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Stillman CR, Nilson PM, Ivancic ST, Golovkin IE, Mileham C, Begishev IA, Froula DH. Picosecond time-resolved measurements of dense plasma line shifts. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:063204. [PMID: 28709197 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.063204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Picosecond time-resolved x-ray spectroscopy is used to measure the spectral line shift of the 1s2p-1s^{2} transition in He-like Al ions as a function of the instantaneous plasma conditions. The plasma temperature and density are inferred from the Al He_{α} complex using a nonlocal-thermodynamic-equilibrium atomic physics model. The experimental spectra show a linearly increasing redshift for electron densities of 1-5×10^{23}cm^{-3}. The measured line shifts are broadly consistent with a generalized analytic line-shift model based on calculations of a self-consistent field ion-sphere model.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Stillman
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - P M Nilson
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S T Ivancic
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - I E Golovkin
- Prism Computational Sciences, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, USA
| | - C Mileham
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - I A Begishev
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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