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Lookadoo DB, Schonhorn JE, Harpaldas H, Uherek CM, Schatz P, Lindgren A, Depa M, Kumar AA. Paper-Based Optode Devices (PODs) for Selective Quantification of Potassium in Biological Fluids. Anal Chem 2021; 93:9383-9389. [PMID: 34192456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the design, fabrication, and feasibility of paper-based optode devices (PODs) for sensing potassium selectively in biological fluids. PODs operate in exhaustive mode and integrate with a handheld, smartphone-connected optical reader. This integrated measuring system provides significant advantages over traditional optode membranes and other paper-based designs, by obtaining a linear optical response to potassium concentration via a simple, stackable design and by harnessing a smartphone to provide an easy-to-use interface, thus enabling remote monitoring of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Philipp Schatz
- Precision Medicine & Biosamples, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Lindgren
- Precision Medicine & Biosamples, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michal Depa
- Jana Care, Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Ashok A Kumar
- Jana Care, Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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Gomez-Marquez J, Hamad-Schifferli K. Local development of nanotechnology-based diagnostics. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:484-486. [PMID: 33846590 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00907-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Gomez-Marquez
- Little Devices Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Kimberly Hamad-Schifferli
- Department of Engineering, School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA.
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Hinman SS, Kim R, Wang Y, Phillips KS, Attayek PJ, Allbritton NL. Microphysiological System Design: Simplicity Is Elegance. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2020; 13:94-102. [PMID: 32095672 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Design parameters for microphysiological systems (MPS) are driven by the need for new tools to answer questions focusing on human physiology in a robust and reliable manner. Within this perspective, engineering benchmarks and principles are identified to guide the construction of new devices in the MPS field, with emphasis placed on the design principles common to all tissues, as well as those unique to a subset of tissues. Leading organ replica technologies that recapitulate various functions of the brain, heart, intestine, and lung are highlighted as examples that meet the identified benchmarks and standards, with current barriers for large scale production and commercialization discussed. To reach their full potential and achieve widespread use, MPS will have to be recognized officially by government agencies, and toward this end, considerations of MPS as a potential regulatory tool are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S Hinman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Raehyun Kim
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Yuli Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - K Scott Phillips
- United States Food and Drug Administration, Office of Medical Products and Tobacco, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Division of Biology, Chemistry and Materials Science, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, USA
| | - Peter J Attayek
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Nancy L Allbritton
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
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Wilson DJ, Kumar AA, Mace CR. Overreliance on Cost Reduction as a Featured Element of Sensor Design. ACS Sens 2019; 4:1120-1125. [PMID: 31008585 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this Perspective, we examine the role of cost in sensor design, its meaning within the context of converting academic prototypes into commercial products, and the importance of these issues to clear scientific communication. The possible motivations to consider the cost of a technology, sensor, or assay are both numerous and apparent. However, the idea that the cost of reagents and materials at the laboratory scale will directly translate to the purchase price for a user is inaccurate. While calculating the bill of materials is easy, there are many business considerations that make commercial products entirely different from academic prototypes. With these critical aspects of commercialization considered, academics are often not equipped to predict what the final price of an assay, sensor, or instrument will be to the end user. When used without proper context and accuracy, an overreliance on the phrase "low cost" in the absence of a sufficient discussion of cost weakens the meaning of this popular term and precludes practical scientific advancements. To demonstrate how the relationship between a bill of materials and "expected purchase price" breaks down when considering academic innovations, we discuss pregnancy tests as a case study where an academic bill of materials can lead to both overestimations and underestimations of pricing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Ashok A. Kumar
- Jana Care, 8 St. Mary’s St. #611, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Charles R. Mace
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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Phillips EA, Young AK, Albarran N, Butler J, Lujan K, Hamad-Schifferli K, Gomez-Marquez J. Ampli: A Construction Set for Paperfluidic Systems. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800104. [PMID: 29766658 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The design and fabrication of reconfigurable, modular paperfluidics driven by a prefabricated reusable block library, asynchronous modular paperfluidic linear instrument-free (Ampli) block, are reported. The blocks are inspired by the plug-and-play modularity of electronic breadboards that lower prototyping barriers in circuit design. The resulting biochemical breadboard is a paperfluidic construction set that can be functionalized with chemical, biological, and electrical elements. Ampli blocks can form standard paperfluidic devices without any external instrumentation. Furthermore, their modular nature enhances fluidics in ways that fixed devices cannot. The blocks' ability to start, stop, modify, and reverse reaction flows, reagents, and rates in real time is demonstrated. These enhancements allow users to increase colorimetric signals, fine tune reaction times, and counter check multiplexed diagnostics for false positives or negatives. The modular construction demonstrates that field-ready, distributed fabrication of paper analytical systems can be standardized without requiring the "black box" of craft and technique inherent in paper-based systems. Ampli assembly and point-of-care redesign extends the usability of paper analytical systems and invites user-driven prototyping beyond the lab setting demonstrating "Design for Hack" in diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Phillips
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- MIT International Design Centre; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Anna K. Young
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- MIT International Design Centre; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Nikolas Albarran
- MIT International Design Centre; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Jonah Butler
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- MIT International Design Centre; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Kaira Lujan
- Thayer School of Engineering; Dartmouth College; Hanover NH 03755 USA
| | | | - Jose Gomez-Marquez
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- MIT International Design Centre; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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