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Kim YS, Mehta SM, Guo JL, Pearce HA, Smith BT, Watson E, Koons GL, Navara AM, Lam J, Grande-Allen KJ, Mikos AG. Evaluation of tissue integration of injectable, cell-laden hydrogels of cocultures of mesenchymal stem cells and articular chondrocytes with an ex vivo cartilage explant model. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:2958-2966. [PMID: 33913514 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the chondrogenic activity of encapsulated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and articular chondrocytes (ACs) and its impact on the mechanical properties of injectable poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based dual-network hydrogels loaded with poly( l -lysine) (PLL). To this effect, an ex vivo study model was employed to assess the behavior of the injected hydrogels-specifically, their surface stiffness and integration strength with the surrounding cartilage. The highest chondrogenic activity was observed from AC-encapsulated hydrogels, while the effect of PLL on MSC chondrogenesis was not apparent from biochemical analyses. Mechanical testing showed that there were no significant differences in either surface stiffness or integration strength among the different study groups. Altogether, the results suggest that the ex vivo model can allow further understanding of the relationship between biochemical changes within the hydrogel and their impact on the hydrogel's mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Seon Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shail M Mehta
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jason L Guo
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hannah A Pearce
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Brandon T Smith
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Emma Watson
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gerry L Koons
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Adam M Navara
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Johnny Lam
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Antonios G Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
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Cercone M, Brown BN, Stahl EC, Mitchell LM, Fortier LA, Mohammed HO, Ducharme NG. An Exploratory Study into the Implantation of Arytenoid Cartilage Scaffold in the Horse. Tissue Eng Part A 2021; 27:165-176. [PMID: 32539568 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory function in the horse can be severely compromised by arytenoid chondritis, or arytenoid chondropathy, a pathologic condition leading to deformity and dysfunction of the affected cartilage. Current treatment in cases unresponsive to medical management is removal of the cartilage, which can improve the airway obstruction, but predisposes the patient to other complications like tracheal penetration of oropharyngeal content and dynamic collapse of the now unsupported soft tissue lateral to the cartilage. A tissue engineering approach to reconstructing the arytenoid cartilage would represent a significant advantage in the management of arytenoid chondritis. In this study, we explored if decellularized matrix could potentially be incorporated into the high motion environment of the arytenoid cartilages of horses. Equine arytenoid cartilages were decellularized and a portion of the resultant acellular scaffolds was implanted in a full-thickness defect created in the arytenoids of eight horses. The implantation was performed bilaterally in each horse, with one side randomly selected to receive an implant seeded with autologous bone marrow-derived nucleated cells (BMNCs). Arytenoids structure and function were monitored up to 4 months. In vivo assessments included laryngeal ultrasound, and laryngeal endoscopy at rest and during exercise on a high-speed treadmill. Histologic evaluation of the arytenoids was performed postmortem. Implantation of the cartilaginous graft had no adverse effect on laryngeal respiratory function or swallowing, despite induction of a transient granuloma on the medial aspect of the arytenoids. Ultrasonographic monitoring detected a postoperative increase in the thickness and cross-sectional area of the arytenoid body that receded faster in the arytenoids not seeded with BMNCs. The explanted tissue showed epithelialization of the mucosal surface, integration of the implant into the native arytenoid, with minimal adverse cellular reaction. Remodeling of the scaffold material was evident by 2 months after implantation. Preseeding the scaffold with BMNCs increased the rate of scaffold degradation and incorporation. Replacement of arytenoid portion with a tissue-engineered cartilaginous graft preseeded with BMNCs is surgically feasible in the horse, is well tolerated, and results in appropriate integration within the native tissue, also preventing laryngeal tissue collapse during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cercone
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Bryan N Brown
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Stahl
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lisa M Mitchell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Lisa A Fortier
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Hussni O Mohammed
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Norm G Ducharme
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Kim YS, Chien AJ, Guo JL, Smith BT, Watson E, Pearce HA, Koons GL, Navara AM, Lam J, Scott DW, Grande-Allen KJ, Mikos AG. Chondrogenesis of cocultures of mesenchymal stem cells and articular chondrocytes in poly(l-lysine)-loaded hydrogels. J Control Release 2020; 328:710-721. [PMID: 33010336 PMCID: PMC7749039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This work investigated the effect of poly(l-lysine) (PLL) molecular weight and concentration on chondrogenesis of cocultures of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and articular chondrocytes (ACs) in PLL-loaded hydrogels. An injectable dual-network hydrogel composed of a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based synthetic thermogelling macromer and a chondroitin sulfate-based biological network was leveraged as a model to deliver PLL and encapsulate the two cell populations. Incorporation of PLL into the hydrogel did not affect the hydrogel's swelling properties and degradation characteristics, nor the viability of encapsulated cells. Coculture groups demonstrated higher type II collagen expression compared to the MSC monoculture group. Expression of hypertrophic phenotype was also limited in the coculture groups. Histological analysis indicated that the ratio of MSCs to ACs was an accurate predictor of the degree of long-term chondrogenesis, while the presence of PLL was shown to have a more substantial short-term effect. Altogether, this study demonstrates that coculturing MSCs with ACs can greatly enhance the chondrogenicity of the overall cell population and offers a platform to further elucidate the short- and long-term effect of polycationic factors on the chondrogenesis of MSC and AC cocultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Seon Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Athena J Chien
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Jason L Guo
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Brandon T Smith
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Emma Watson
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Hannah A Pearce
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Gerry L Koons
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Adam M Navara
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Johnny Lam
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - David W Scott
- Department of Statistics, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, United States of America
| | - K Jane Grande-Allen
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Antonios G Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
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Campos Y, Almirall A, Fuentes G, Bloem HL, Kaijzel EL, Cruz LJ. Tissue Engineering: An Alternative to Repair Cartilage. Tissue Eng Part B Rev 2020; 25:357-373. [PMID: 30913997 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2018.0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Herein we review the state-of-the-art in tissue engineering for repair of articular cartilage. First, we describe the molecular, cellular, and histologic structure and function of endogenous cartilage, focusing on chondrocytes, collagens, extracellular matrix, and proteoglycans. We then explore in vitro cell culture on scaffolds, discussing the difficulties involved in maintaining or obtaining a chondrocytic phenotype. Next, we discuss the diverse compounds and designs used for these scaffolds, including natural and synthetic biomaterials and porous, fibrous, and multilayer architectures. We then report on the mechanical properties of different cell-loaded scaffolds, and the success of these scaffolds following in vivo implantation in small animals, in terms of generating tissue that structurally and functionally resembles native tissue. Last, we highlight future trends in this field. We conclude that despite major technical advances made over the past 15 years, and continually improving results in cartilage repair experiments in animals, the development of clinically useful implants for regeneration of articular cartilage remains a challenge
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaima Campos
- 1Biomaterials Center, Havana University, LA Habana, Cuba.,2Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gastón Fuentes
- 1Biomaterials Center, Havana University, LA Habana, Cuba.,2Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans L Bloem
- 2Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eric L Kaijzel
- 2Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Luis J Cruz
- 2Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Zhang J, Zhang D, Wu C, Liu A, Zhang C, Jiao J, Shang M. Icariin-conditioned serum engineered with hyaluronic acid promote repair of articular cartilage defects in rabbit knees. BMC Complement Altern Med 2019; 19:155. [PMID: 31269947 PMCID: PMC6610878 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2570-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteochondral defects mostly occur as a result of trauma or articular degeneration. The poor regenerative ability of articular cartilage remains osteochondral defects are a tricky problem to deal with. The modern treatment strategies mainly focus on cartilage tissue engineering with bioactive materials. In this study, we aimed to develop icariin conditioned serum (ICS) together with hyaluronic acid (HA) and determine their ability in reparing osteochondral tissue in a critical-sized defect in rabbit knees. METHODS Primary chondrocytes were incubated with serum conditioned with icariin at different concentrations, then cell proliferation rates and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) secretion were detected. Rabbits were treated with intra-articular injection of 0.5 mL normal saline (NS), ICS, HA and ICS + HA in the right knee joint, respectively. ICRS scores were used to assess the macroscopic cartilage regeneration. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis including H&E, Safranin O, toluidine blue and collagen II staining were used to determine the repair of cartilage and the regeneration of chondrocytes. RESULTS Icariin at a low dose of 0.94 g/kg was identified to have significantly promoted the proliferation of chondrocytes and enhance the secretion of GAG. Femoral condyle from rabbits treated by ICS together with HA was observed to be integrated with native cartilage and more subchondral bone regeneration. ICS together with HA could promote repair of the cartilage defect and increase the neoformation of cartilage. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated the potential of ICS combined with HA to promote reparative response in cartilage defects and the possible application in bioactive material based cartilage regeneration therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Zhang
- Department of orthopedics, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Donglin Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chaochao Wu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Aifeng Liu
- Department of orthopedics, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of orthopedics, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianjie Jiao
- Department of pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 22# Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Man Shang
- Department of pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 22# Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
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Turnbull G, Clarke J, Picard F, Riches P, Jia L, Han F, Li B, Shu W. 3D bioactive composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Bioact Mater 2018; 3:278-314. [PMID: 29744467 PMCID: PMC5935790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 553] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is the second most commonly transplanted tissue worldwide, with over four million operations using bone grafts or bone substitute materials annually to treat bone defects. However, significant limitations affect current treatment options and clinical demand for bone grafts continues to rise due to conditions such as trauma, cancer, infection and arthritis. Developing bioactive three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds to support bone regeneration has therefore become a key area of focus within bone tissue engineering (BTE). A variety of materials and manufacturing methods including 3D printing have been used to create novel alternatives to traditional bone grafts. However, individual groups of materials including polymers, ceramics and hydrogels have been unable to fully replicate the properties of bone when used alone. Favourable material properties can be combined and bioactivity improved when groups of materials are used together in composite 3D scaffolds. This review will therefore consider the ideal properties of bioactive composite 3D scaffolds and examine recent use of polymers, hydrogels, metals, ceramics and bio-glasses in BTE. Scaffold fabrication methodology, mechanical performance, biocompatibility, bioactivity, and potential clinical translations will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Turnbull
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Building, University of Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow, Glasgow, G4 0NW, United Kingdom
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Agamemnon St, Clydebank, G81 4DY, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Clarke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Agamemnon St, Clydebank, G81 4DY, United Kingdom
| | - Frédéric Picard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Building, University of Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow, Glasgow, G4 0NW, United Kingdom
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Agamemnon St, Clydebank, G81 4DY, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Riches
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Building, University of Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow, Glasgow, G4 0NW, United Kingdom
| | - Luanluan Jia
- Orthopaedic Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Fengxuan Han
- Orthopaedic Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Bin Li
- Orthopaedic Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wenmiao Shu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Building, University of Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow, Glasgow, G4 0NW, United Kingdom
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Sun Y, Yan L, Chen S, Pei M. Functionality of decellularized matrix in cartilage regeneration: A comparison of tissue versus cell sources. Acta Biomater 2018; 74:56-73. [PMID: 29702288 PMCID: PMC7307012 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that decellularized extracellular matrices (dECMs) derived from cartilage tissues (T-dECMs) or chondrocytes/stem cells (C-dECMs) can support proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of cartilage-forming cells. However, few review papers compare the differences between these dECMs when they serve as substrates for cartilage regeneration. In this review, after an introduction of cartilage immunogenicity and decellularization methods to prepare T-dECMs and C-dECMs, a comprehensive comparison focuses on the effects of T-dECMs and C-dECMs on proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of chondrocytes/stem cells in vitro and in vivo. Key factors within dECMs, consisting of microarchitecture characteristics and micromechanical properties as well as retained insoluble and soluble matrix components, are discussed in-depth for potential mechanisms underlying the functionality of these dECMs in regulating chondrogenesis. With this information, we hope to benefit dECM based cartilage engineering and tissue regeneration for future clinical application. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The use of decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) is becoming a promising approach for tissue engineering and regeneration. Compared to dECM derived from cartilage tissue, recently reported dECM from cell sources exhibits a distinct role in cell based cartilage regeneration. In this review paper, for the first time, tissue and cell based dECMs are comprehensively compared for their functionality in cartilage regeneration. This information is expected to provide an update for dECM based cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Department of Orthopaedics, Orthopaedics Institute, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, China
| | - Lianqi Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Orthopaedics Institute, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, China
| | - Song Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, China
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; WVU Cancer Institute, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
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Agrali OB, Yildirim S, Ozener HO, Köse KN, Ozbeyli D, Soluk-Tekkesin M, Kuru L. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Esterified Hyaluronic Acid Fibers on Bone Regeneration in Rat Calvarial Defects. Biomed Res Int 2018; 2018:3874131. [PMID: 30050929 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3874131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) constitutes one of the major components of the extracellular matrix domain in almost all mammals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the regenerative capacity of HA matrix in rat calvarial bone defects and compare with those of different combinations of resorbable collagen membrane (M) and bovine-derived xenograft (G). Twenty-four 3-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-250 g were included. Control group was created by leaving one defect empty from 2 critical size defects with 5 mm diameter formed in the calvarial bones of 8 rats. In the same rats, the other defect was treated with HA matrix alone. One of the 2 defects formed in other 8 rats was treated with HA+G and the other with HA+M. One of the 2 defects formed in the remaining 8 rats was treated with G+M and the other with HA+G+M. The animals were sacrificed at 4 weeks. Histologic, histomorphometric, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. Both HA matrix alone and its combinations with G and M supported new bone formation (NBF). However, NBF was significantly greater in G+M and HA+G+M groups compared to control and HA alone (P<0.001). Bone morphogenetic protein-2 was expressed with varying degrees in all groups, without any difference among them. Within the limitations of the present study, HA matrix, used alone or in combination with G and M, did not contribute significantly to bone regeneration in rat calvarial bone defects.
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Canadas RF, Pirraco RP, Oliveira JM, Reis RL, Marques AP. Stem Cells for Osteochondral Regeneration. In: Oliveira JM, Pina S, Reis RL, San Roman J, editors. Osteochondral Tissue Engineering. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2018. pp. 219-40. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-76735-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Bonani W, Singhatanadgige W, Pornanong A, Motta A. Natural Origin Materials for Osteochondral Tissue Engineering. In: Oliveira JM, Pina S, Reis RL, San Roman J, editors. Osteochondral Tissue Engineering. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2018. pp. 3-30. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-76711-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Gugjoo MB, Sharma GT, Aithal HP, Kinjavdekar P. Cartilage tissue engineering: Role of mesenchymal stem cells along with growth factors & scaffolds. Indian J Med Res 2017; 144:339-347. [PMID: 28139532 PMCID: PMC5320839 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.198724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage injury poses a major challenge for both the patient and orthopaedician. Articular cartilage defects once formed do not regenerate spontaneously, rather replaced by fibrocartilage which is weaker in mechanical competence than the normal hyaline cartilage. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) along with different growth factors and scaffolds are currently incorporated in tissue engineering to overcome the deficiencies associated with currently available surgical methods and to facilitate cartilage healing. MSCs, being readily available with a potential to differentiate into chondrocytes which are enhanced by the application of different growth factors, are considered for effective repair of articular cartilage after injury. However, therapeutic application of MSCs and growth factors for cartilage repair remains in its infancy, with no comparative clinical study to that of the other surgical techniques. The present review covers the role of MSCs, growth factors and scaffolds for the repair of articular cartilage injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Gugjoo
- Division of Surgery, Modular Laboratory Building, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar; Clinical Veterinary Services Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Srinagar, India
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- Division of Surgery, Modular Laboratory Building, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - G T Sharma
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - H P Aithal
- Division of Surgery, Modular Laboratory Building, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - P Kinjavdekar
- Division of Surgery, Modular Laboratory Building, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
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Amann E, Wolff P, Breel E, van Griensven M, Balmayor ER. Hyaluronic acid facilitates chondrogenesis and matrix deposition of human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells and human chondrocytes co-cultures. Acta Biomater 2017; 52:130-44. [PMID: 28131943 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Clinical success on cartilage regeneration could be achieved by using available biomaterials and cell-based approaches. In this study, we have developed a composite gel based on collagen/hyaluronic acid (Coll-HA) as ideal, physiologically representative 3D support for in vitro chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) co-cultured with human articular chondrocytes (hAC). The incorporation of hyaluronic acid (HA) attempted to provide an additional stimulus to the hAMSCs for chondrogenesis and extracellular matrix deposition. Coll-HA gels were fabricated by directly mixing different amounts of HA (0-5%) into collagen solution before gelation. hACs and hAMSCs were co-cultured at different ratios from 100% to 0% in steps of 25%. Thus, five different co-culture groups were tested in the various Coll-HA 3D matrices. HA greatly impacted the cell viability and proliferation as well as the mechanical properties of the Coll-HA gel. The effective Young's modulus changed from 5.8 to 9.0kPa with increasing concentrations of HA in the gel. In addition, significantly higher amounts of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) were detected that seemed to be dependent on HA content. The highest HA concentration used (5%) resulted in the lowest Collagen type X (Col10) expression for most of the cell culture groups. Unexpectedly, culturing in these gels was also associated with decreased SOX9 and Collagen type II (Col2) expression, while Collagen type III (Col3) and metalloproteinase 13 notably increased. By using 1% HA, a positive effect on SOX9 expression was observed in the co-culture groups. In addition, a significant increase in GAGs production was also detected. Regarding co-culturing, the group with 25% hAMSCs+75% hACs was the most chondrogenic one considering SOX9 and Col2 expression as well as GAGs production. This group showed negligible Col10 expression after 35days of culture independently of the gel used. It also featured the highest effective Young's modulus (9.9kPa) when cultivated in the 1% HA matrix. Concerning the level of dissolved oxygen in situ, the groups with a higher amount of hAMSCs showed lower oxygen levels (40-58% O2) compared to hACs (63-74% O2). This might be attributed to the higher cellular metabolism and proliferation rate of the hAMSCs. Interestingly, lower oxygen was detected in the HA-containing gels when compared to plain collagen. This may contribute to the better chondrogenesis observed in these groups. Altogether, our results indicated that HA may favor chondrogenesis, but its effect highly depends on the concentration used. Additionally, co-culture of hACs with hAMSCs also favors chondrogenesis and especially increases extracellular matrix production and decreases hypertrophy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE In the clinical situation, large cartilage defects can be treated with MACT. However, this is a two-stage procedure, which increases the risk for the patient. Moreover, culturing chondrocytes leads to dedifferentiation. The matrix used for MACT is a collagen-based scaffold. In this study, it was demonstrated that hyaluronic acid, a natural component of the extracellular matrix, supplementation to a collagen hydrogel stimulates chondrogenic differentiation in a dose dependent manner. 1% HA showed the best overall results. Furthermore, exchanging 25% of human articular chondrocytes with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells didn't change the chondrogenic potential, but reduced going in unwanted pathways and improved biomechanical properties. This could translate to a one-step procedure and shows the potential of inducing differentiation by natural biomaterials.
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Goldberg A, Mitchell K, Soans J, Kim L, Zaidi R. The use of mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage repair and regeneration: a systematic review. J Orthop Surg Res 2017; 12:39. [PMID: 28279182 PMCID: PMC5345159 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-017-0534-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The management of articular cartilage defects presents many clinical challenges due to its avascular, aneural and alymphatic nature. Bone marrow stimulation techniques, such as microfracture, are the most frequently used method in clinical practice however the resulting mixed fibrocartilage tissue which is inferior to native hyaline cartilage. Other methods have shown promise but are far from perfect. There is an unmet need and growing interest in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering to improve the outcome for patients requiring cartilage repair. Many published reviews on cartilage repair only list human clinical trials, underestimating the wealth of basic sciences and animal studies that are precursors to future research. We therefore set out to perform a systematic review of the literature to assess the translation of stem cell therapy to explore what research had been carried out at each of the stages of translation from bench-top (in vitro), animal (pre-clinical) and human studies (clinical) and assemble an evidence-based cascade for the responsible introduction of stem cell therapy for cartilage defects. This review was conducted in accordance to PRISMA guidelines using CINHAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Knowledge databases from 1st January 1900 to 30th June 2015. In total, there were 2880 studies identified of which 252 studies were included for analysis (100 articles for in vitro studies, 111 studies for animal studies; and 31 studies for human studies). There was a huge variance in cell source in pre-clinical studies both of terms of animal used, location of harvest (fat, marrow, blood or synovium) and allogeneicity. The use of scaffolds, growth factors, number of cell passages and number of cells used was hugely heterogeneous. SHORT CONCLUSIONS This review offers a comprehensive assessment of the evidence behind the translation of basic science to the clinical practice of cartilage repair. It has revealed a lack of connectivity between the in vitro, pre-clinical and human data and a patchwork quilt of synergistic evidence. Drivers for progress in this space are largely driven by patient demand, surgeon inquisition and a regulatory framework that is learning at the same pace as new developments take place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Goldberg
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital (RNOH), Brockley Hill Stanmore, London, HA7 4LP UK
| | - Katrina Mitchell
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital (RNOH), Brockley Hill Stanmore, London, HA7 4LP UK
| | - Julian Soans
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital (RNOH), Brockley Hill Stanmore, London, HA7 4LP UK
| | - Louise Kim
- Joint Research and Enterprise Office, St George’s University of London and St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hunter Wing, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE UK
| | - Razi Zaidi
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital (RNOH), Brockley Hill Stanmore, London, HA7 4LP UK
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Chaudhari AA, Vig K, Baganizi DR, Sahu R, Dixit S, Dennis V, Singh SR, Pillai SR. Future Prospects for Scaffolding Methods and Biomaterials in Skin Tissue Engineering: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1974. [PMID: 27898014 PMCID: PMC5187774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17121974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Over centuries, the field of regenerative skin tissue engineering has had several advancements to facilitate faster wound healing and thereby restoration of skin. Skin tissue regeneration is mainly based on the use of suitable scaffold matrices. There are several scaffold types, such as porous, fibrous, microsphere, hydrogel, composite and acellular, etc., with discrete advantages and disadvantages. These scaffolds are either made up of highly biocompatible natural biomaterials, such as collagen, chitosan, etc., or synthetic materials, such as polycaprolactone (PCL), and poly-ethylene-glycol (PEG), etc. Composite scaffolds, which are a combination of natural or synthetic biomaterials, are highly biocompatible with improved tensile strength for effective skin tissue regeneration. Appropriate knowledge of the properties, advantages and disadvantages of various biomaterials and scaffolds will accelerate the production of suitable scaffolds for skin tissue regeneration applications. At the same time, emphasis on some of the leading challenges in the field of skin tissue engineering, such as cell interaction with scaffolds, faster cellular proliferation/differentiation, and vascularization of engineered tissues, is inevitable. In this review, we discuss various types of scaffolding approaches and biomaterials used in the field of skin tissue engineering and more importantly their future prospects in skin tissue regeneration efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul A Chaudhari
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
| | - Komal Vig
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
| | | | - Rajnish Sahu
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
| | - Saurabh Dixit
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
| | - Vida Dennis
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
| | - Shreekumar R Pillai
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
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Bauer C, Berger M, Baumgartner RR, Höller S, Zwickl H, Niculescu-Morzsa E, Halbwirth F, Nehrer S. A Novel Cross-Linked Hyaluronic Acid Porous Scaffold for Cartilage Repair: An In Vitro Study With Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes. Cartilage 2016; 7:265-73. [PMID: 27375842 PMCID: PMC4918062 DOI: 10.1177/1947603515611949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE An important feature of biomaterials used in cartilage regeneration is their influence on the establishment and stabilization of a chondrocytic phenotype of embedded cells. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a porous 3-dimensional scaffold made of cross-linked hyaluronic acid on the expression and synthesis performance of human articular chondrocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Osteoarthritic chondrocytes from 5 patients with a mean age of 74 years were passaged twice and cultured within the cross-linked hyaluronic acid scaffolds for 2 weeks. Analyses were performed at 3 different time points. For estimation of cell content within the scaffold, DNA-content (CyQuant cell proliferation assay) was determined. The expression of chondrocyte-specific genes by embedded cells as well as the total amount of sulfated glycosaminoglycans produced during the culture period was analyzed in order to characterize the synthesis performance and differentiation status of the cells. RESULTS Cells showed a homogenous distribution within the scaffold. DNA quantification revealed a reduction of the cell number. This might be attributed to loss of cells from the scaffold during media exchange connected with a stop in cell proliferation. Indeed, the expression of cartilage-specific genes and the production of sulfated glycosaminoglycans were increased and the differentiation index was clearly improved. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the attachment of osteoarthritic P2 chondrocytes to the investigated material enhanced the chondrogenic phenotype as well as promoted the retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Bauer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Orthopedics, Department for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Danube University, Krems, Austria,Christoph Bauer, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Orthopedics, Danube University Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Strasse 30, Krems, 3500, Austria.
| | - Manuela Berger
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Orthopedics, Department for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Danube University, Krems, Austria
| | | | | | - Hannes Zwickl
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Orthopedics, Department for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Danube University, Krems, Austria
| | - Eugenia Niculescu-Morzsa
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Orthopedics, Department for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Danube University, Krems, Austria
| | - Florian Halbwirth
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Orthopedics, Department for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Danube University, Krems, Austria
| | - Stefan Nehrer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Orthopedics, Department for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Danube University, Krems, Austria
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Mansouri N, Samirabagheri. The influence of topography on tissue engineering perspective. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2016; 61:906-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.12.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Bellini D, Cencetti C, Meraner J, Stoppoloni D, D’abusco AS, Matricardi P. An in situ gelling system for bone regeneration of osteochondral defects. Eur Polym J 2015; 72:642-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Tang HC, Chen WC, Chiang CW, Chen LY, Chang YC, Chen CH. Differentiation Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma Concentrations on Synovial Fluid Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Pigs Cultivated in Alginate Complex Hydrogel. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:18507-21. [PMID: 26262616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160818507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This article studied the effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the potential of synovial fluid mesenchymal stem cells (SF-MSCs) to differentiate. The PRP and SF-MSCs were obtained from the blood and knees of pigs, respectively. The identification of SF-MSCs and their ability to differentiate were studied by histological and surface epitopes, respectively. The SF-MSCs can undergo trilineage mesenchymal differentiation under osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipocyte induction. The effects of various PRP concentrations (0%, 20% and 50% PRP) on differentiation were evaluated using the SF-MSCs-alginate system, such as gene expression and DNA proliferation. A 50% PRP concentration yielded better differentiation than the 20% PRP concentration. PRP favored the chondrogenesis of SF-MSCs over their osteogenesis in a manner that depended on the ratios of type II collagen/type I collagen and aggrecan/osteopontin. Eventually, PRP promoted the proliferation of SF-MSCs and induced chondrogenic differentiation of SF-MSCs in vitro. Both PRP and SF-MSCs could be feasibly used in regenerative medicine and orthopedic surgeries.
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Cai Z, Pan B, Jiang H, Zhang L. Chondrogenesis of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells by In Vivo Co-graft with Auricular Chondrocytes from Microtia. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2015; 39:431-9. [PMID: 25861768 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-015-0481-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficiency of chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) induced by auricular chondrocytes from microtia via subcutaneous co-graft in nude mice. METHODS Human ADSCs and auricular chondrocytes were mixed at the ratio of 7:3 and suspended in 0.2 ml of Pluronic F-127 (5.0 × 10(7) cells/ml), and injected into Balb/c nude mice as the experimental group (Exp group). The same quantity of auricular chondrocytes (Ctr.1 group) or ADSCs (Ctr.2 group) in 0.2 ml of Pluronic F-127 was set as positive and negative control groups. The mixture of auricular chondrocytes (1.5 × 10(7) cells/ml) in 0.2 ml of Pluronic F-127 was set as the low concentration of chondrocyte control group (Ctr.3). At 8 weeks after grafting, the newly generated tissue pellets were isolated for morphological examination, haematoxylin and eosin staining, toluidine blue staining and safranin O staining of glycosaminoglycan (GAG), Masson's trichrome staining and immunohistochemical staining of type II collagen, and Verhoeff-iron-hematoxylin staining of elastic fibers. GAG content was determined by Alcian blue colorimetric method, and mRNA expression of type II collagen and aggrecan were examined by real-time PCR. RESULTS Cartilage-like tissue with a white translucent appearance and good elasticity was generated in the Exp and Ctr.1 groups. The tissue pellets in the Ctr.2 and Ctr.3 groups were much smaller than those in the Ctr.1 group. The mature cartilage lacunas could be observed in the Exp and Ctr.1 groups, while were rarely seen in the Ctr.3 group and not observed in the Ctr.2 group. The expression of cartilage-specific extracellular matrix such as type II collagen, GAG content, aggrecan, and elastic fibers in the Exp group was similar to that in the Ctr.1 group, whereas the expression of these extracellular matrix substances was significantly lower in the Ctr.2 and Ctr.3 groups (both P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Auricular chondrocytes from microtia can efficiently promote the chondrogenic differentiation and chondrogenesis of ADSCs by co-grafting in vivo. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors http://www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, People's Republic of China
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Kabra H, Hwang Y, Lim HL, Kar M, Arya G, Varghese S. Biomimetic Material-Assisted Delivery of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Derivatives for Enhanced In Vivo Survival and Engraftment. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2014; 1:7-12. [PMID: 26280019 DOI: 10.1021/ab500021a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The ability of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and their derivatives to differentiate and contribute to tissue repair has enormous potential to treat various debilitating diseases. However, improving the in vivo viability and function of the transplanted cells, a key determinant of translating cell-based therapies to the clinic, remains a daunting task. Here, we develop a hybrid biomaterial consisting of hyaluronic acid (HA) grafted with 6-aminocaproic acid moieties (HA-6ACA) to improve cell delivery and their subsequent in vivo function using skeletal muscle as a model system. Our findings show that the biomimetic material-assisted delivery of hESC-derived myogenic progenitor cells into cardiotoxin-injured skeletal muscles of NOD/SCID mice significantly promotes survival and engraftment of transplanted cells in a dose-dependent manner. The donor cells were found to contribute to the regeneration of damaged muscle fibers and to the satellite cell (muscle specific stem cells) compartment. Such biomimetic cell delivery vehicles that are cost-effective and easy-to-synthesize could play a key role in improving the outcomes of other stem cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsha Kabra
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Yongsung Hwang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Han Liang Lim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Mrityunjoy Kar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Gaurav Arya
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Shyni Varghese
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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Levorson EJ, Santoro M, Kurtis Kasper F, Mikos AG. Direct and indirect co-culture of chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells for the generation of polymer/extracellular matrix hybrid constructs. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:1824-35. [PMID: 24365703 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the influence of direct cell-cell contact in co-cultures of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and chondrocytes for the improved deposition of cartilage-like extracellular matrix (ECM) within nonwoven fibrous poly(∊-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds was examined. To this end, chondrocytes and MSCs were either co-cultured in direct contact by mixing on a single PCL scaffold or produced via indirect co-culture, whereby the two cell types were seeded on separate scaffolds which were then cultured together in the same system either statically or under media perfusion in a bioreactor. In static cultures, the chondrocyte scaffold of an indirectly co-cultured group generated significantly greater amounts of glycosaminoglycan and collagen than the direct co-culture group initially seeded with the same number of chondrocytes. Furthermore, improved ECM production was linked to greater cellular proliferation and distribution throughout the scaffold in static culture. In perfusion cultures, flow had a significant effect on the proliferation of the chondrocytes. The ECM contents within the chondrocyte-containing scaffolds of the indirect co-culture groups either approximated or surpassed the amounts generated within the direct co-culture group. Additionally, within bioreactor culture there were indications that chondrocytes had an influence on the chondrogenesis of MSCs as evidenced by increases in cartilaginous ECM synthetic capacity. This work demonstrates that it is possible to generate PCL/ECM hybrid scaffolds for cartilage regeneration by utilizing the factors secreted by two different cell types, chondrocytes and MSCs, even in the absence of juxtacrine signaling.
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23
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Lam J, Lu S, Meretoja VV, Tabata Y, Mikos AG, Kasper FK. Generation of osteochondral tissue constructs with chondrogenically and osteogenically predifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells encapsulated in bilayered hydrogels. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:1112-23. [PMID: 24300948 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the ability of chondrogenic and osteogenic predifferentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to play a role in the development of osteochondral tissue constructs using injectable bilayered oligo(poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate) (OPF) hydrogel composites. We hypothesized that the combinatorial approach of encapsulating cell populations of both chondrogenic and osteogenic lineages in a spatially controlled manner within bilayered constructs would enable these cells to maintain their respective phenotypes via the exchange of biochemical factors even without the influence of external growth factors. During monolayer expansion prior to hydrogel encapsulation, it was found that 7 (CG7) and 14 (CG14) days of MSC exposure to TGF-β3 allowed for the generation of distinct cell populations with corresponding chondrogenic maturities as indicated by increasing aggrecan and type II collagen/type I collagen expression. Chondrogenic and osteogenic cells were then encapsulated within their respective (chondral/subchondral) layers in bilayered hydrogel composites to include four experimental groups. Encapsulated CG7 cells within the chondral layer exhibited enhanced chondrogenic phenotype when compared to other cell populations based on stronger type II collagen and aggrecan gene expression and higher glycosaminoglycan-to-hydroxyproline ratios. Osteogenic cells that were co-cultured with chondrogenic cells (in the chondral layer) showed higher cellularity over time, suggesting that chondrogenic cells stimulated the proliferation of osteogenic cells. Groups with osteogenic cells displayed mineralization in the subchondral layer, confirming the effect of osteogenic predifferentiation. In summary, it was found that MSCs that underwent 7 days, but not 14 days, of chondrogenic predifferentiation most closely resembled the phenotype of native hyaline cartilage when combined with osteogenic cells in a bilayered OPF hydrogel composite, indicating that the duration of chondrogenic preconditioning is an important factor to control. Furthermore, the respective chondrogenic and osteogenic phenotypes were maintained for 28 days in vitro without the need for external growth factors, demonstrating the exciting potential of this novel strategy for the generation of osteochondral tissue constructs for cartilage engineering applications.
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Liu X, Liu S, Liu S, Cui W. Evaluation of oriented electrospun fibers for periosteal flap regeneration in biomimetic triphasic osteochondral implant. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2014; 102:1407-14. [PMID: 24644257 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Osteochondral defects represent a serious clinical problem. Although the cell-scaffold complexes have been reported to be effective for repairing osteochondral defects, a periosteal flap is frequently needed to arrest leakage of the implanted cells into the defect and to contribute to the secretion of cytokines to stimulate cartilage repair. The electrospun mesh mimicking the function of the flap assists tissue regeneration by preventing cell leakage and merits favorable outcomes in the cartilaginous region. In this study, an oriented poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) fibrous membrane (OEM) was fabricated by electrospinning as a periosteal scaffold and then freeze-dried with a collagen type I and hyaluronic acid cartilage scaffold (CH) and finally, freeze-dried with a tricalcium phosphate (TCP) bone substratum. Scanning electron microscopic images show obvious microstructure formation of the trilayered scaffolds, and electrospun fibrous membranes have an oriented fibrous network structure for the periosteal phase. Also shown are opened and interconnected pores with well designed three-dimensional structure, able to be bound in the CH (chondral phase) and TCP (osseous phase) scaffolds. In vitro results showed that the OEM can promote the orientation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSCs) and BMSCs can penetrate into the CH and TCP. After successfully combining the BMSCs, the tissue-engineered cartilage which contained the OEM and TCP complex was successfully used to regenerate the osteochondral defects in the rabbit model with greatly improved repair effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
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25
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Shin YS, Lee BH, Choi JW, Min BH, Chang JW, Yang SS, Kim CH. Tissue-engineered tracheal reconstruction using chondrocyte seeded on a porcine cartilage-derived substance scaffold. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 78:32-8. [PMID: 24280440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tracheal reconstruction with tissue-engineering technique has come into the limelight in the realm of head and neck surgery. We intended to evaluate the plausibility of allogenic chondrocytes cultured with porcine cartilage-derived substance (PCS) scaffold for partial tracheal defect reconstruction. METHODS Powder made from crushed and decellularized porcine articular cartilage was formed as 5 mm × 12 mm (height × diameter) scaffold. Chondrocytes from rabbit articular cartilage were expanded and cultured with PCS scaffold. After 7 weeks culture, the scaffolds were implanted on a 5 mm × 10 mm artificial tracheal defect in six rabbits. Two, four and eight weeks postoperatively, the sites were evaluated endoscopically, radiologically, histologically and functionally. RESULTS None of the six rabbits showed any sign of respiratory distress. Endoscopic examination did not show any collapse or blockage of the reconstructed trachea and the defects were completely covered with regenerated respiratory epithelium. Computed tomography showed good luminal contour of trachea. Postoperative histologic data showed that the implanted chondrocyte successfully formed neo-cartilage with minimal inflammatory response and granulation tissue. Ciliary beat frequency of regenerated epithelium was similar to those of normal adjacent mucosa. CONCLUSIONS The shape and function of reconstructed trachea using allogenic chondrocytes cultured with PCS scaffold was restored successfully without any graft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Seob Shin
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Hee Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Hyun Min
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Republic of Korea; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Republic of Korea; Cell Therapy Center, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Sim Yang
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Republic of Korea; Cell Therapy Center, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Republic of Korea.
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Levorson EJ, Mountziaris PM, Hu O, Kasper FK, Mikos AG. Cell-derived polymer/extracellular matrix composite scaffolds for cartilage regeneration, Part 1: investigation of cocultures and seeding densities for improved extracellular matrix deposition. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2013; 20:340-57. [PMID: 24007559 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2013.0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the coculture of chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on electrospun fibrous polymer scaffolds to produce polymer/extracellular matrix (ECM) hybrid constructs with the objective of reducing the number of chondrocytes necessary to produce ample cartilage-like ECM within the scaffolds. To generate these hybrid constructs, electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) fibrous scaffolds were seeded at both high and low initial densities with five different ratios of chondrocytes to MSCs: 1:0, 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, and 0:1, and cultured for 7, 14, and 21 days. Glycosaminoglycan production and distribution within the three coculture groups was similar to quantities generated by chondrocyte-only controls. Conversely, as the concentration of chondrocytes was increased, the collagen content of the constructs also increased at each time point, with a 1:1 chondrocyte to MSC ratio approximating the collagen production of chondrocytes alone. Histological staining suggested that cocultured constructs mimicked the well-distributed ECM patterns of chondrocyte generated constructs, while improving greatly over the restricted distribution of matrix within MSC-only constructs. These results support the capacity of cocultures of chondrocytes and MSCs to generate cartilaginous matrix within a polymeric scaffold. Further, the inclusion of MSCs in these cocultures enables the reduction of chondrocytes needed to produce cell-generated ECM.
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Tsang WP, Shu Y, Kwok PL, Zhang F, Lee KKH, Tang MK, Li G, Chan KM, Chan WY, Wan C. CD146+ human umbilical cord perivascular cells maintain stemness under hypoxia and as a cell source for skeletal regeneration. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76153. [PMID: 24204598 PMCID: PMC3799771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The human umbilical cord perivascular cells (HUCPVCs) have been considered as an alternative source of mesenchymal progenitors for cell based regenerative medicine. However, the biological properties of these cells remain to be well characterized. In the present study, HUCPVCs were isolated and sorted by CD146+ pericyte marker. The purified CD146+ HUCPVCs were induced to differentiate efficiently into osteoblast, chondrocyte and adipocyte lineages in vitro. Six weeks following subcutaneous transplantation of CD146+ HUCPVCs-Gelfoam-alginate 3D complexes in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice, newly formed bone matrix with embedded osteocytes of donor origin was observed. The functional engraftment of CD146+ HUCPVCs in the new bone regenerates was further confirmed in a critical-sized bone defect model in SCID mice. Hypoxic conditions suppressed osteogenic differentiation while increased cell proliferation and colony-forming efficiency of CD146+ HUCPVCs as compared to that under normoxic conditions. Re-oxygenation restored the multi-differentiation potential of the CD146+ HUCPVCs. Western blot analysis revealed an upregulation of HIF-1α, HIF-2α, and OCT-4 protein expression in CD146+ HUCPVCs under hypoxia, while there was no remarkable change in SOX2 and NANOG expression. The gene expression profiles of stem cell transcription factors between cells treated by normoxia and hypoxic conditions were compared by PCR array analysis. Intriguingly, PPAR-γ was dramatically downregulated (20-fold) in mRNA expression under hypoxia, and was revealed to possess a putative binding site in the Hif-2α gene promoter region. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed the binding of PPAR-γ protein to the Hif-2α promoter and the binding was suppressed by hypoxia treatment. Luciferase reporter assay showed that the Hif-2α promoter activity was suppressed by PPAR expression. Thus, PPAR-γ may involve in the regulation of HIF-2α for stemness maintenance and promoting the expansion of CD146+ HUCPVCs in response to hypoxia. CD146+ HUCPVCs may serve as a potential autologous cell source for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Pui Tsang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yinglan Shu
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Po Lam Kwok
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fengjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kenneth Ka Ho Lee
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mei Kuen Tang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kai Ming Chan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai-Yee Chan
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chao Wan
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail:
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Jiang Y, Chen L, Zhang S, Tong T, Zhang W, Liu W, Xu G, Tuan RS, Heng BC, Crawford R, Xiao Y, Ouyang HW. Incorporation of bioactive polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine within bilayered collagen scaffolds enhances the differentiation and subchondral osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:8089-98. [PMID: 23707501 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine (Povidone-iodine, PVP-I) is widely used as an antiseptic agent for lavation during joint surgery; however, the biological effects of PVP-I on cells from joint tissue are unknown. This study examined the biocompatibility and biological effects of PVP-I on cells from joint tissue, with the aim of optimizing cell-scaffold based joint repair. Cells from joint tissue, including cartilage derived progenitor cells (CPC), subchondral bone derived osteoblast and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) were isolated. The concentration-dependent effects of PVP-I on cell proliferation, migration and differentiation were evaluated. Additionally, the efficacy and mechanism of a PVP-I loaded bilayer collagen scaffold for osteochondral defect repair was investigated in a rabbit model. A micromolar concentration of PVP-I was found not to affect cell proliferation, CPC migration or extracellular matrix production. Interestingly, micromolar concentrations of PVP-I promote osteogenic differentiation of BM-MSC, as evidenced by up-regulation of RUNX2 and Osteocalcin gene expression, as well as increased mineralization on the three-dimensional scaffold. PVP-I treatment of collagen scaffolds significantly increased fibronectin binding onto the scaffold surface and collagen type I protein synthesis of cultured BM-MSC. Implantation of PVP-I treated collagen scaffolds into rabbit osteochondral defect significantly enhanced subchondral bone regeneration at 6 weeks post-surgery compared with the scaffold alone (subchondral bone histological score of 8.80±1.64 vs. 3.8±2.19, p<0.05). The biocompatibility and pro-osteogenic activity of PVP-I on the cells from joint tissue and the enhanced subchondral bone formation in PVP-I treated scaffolds would thus indicate the potential of PVP-I for osteochondral defect repair.
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Lim CT, Ren X, Afizah MH, Tarigan-panjaitan S, Yang Z, Wu Y, Chian KS, Mikos AG, Hui JHP. Repair of Osteochondral Defects with Rehydrated Freeze-Dried Oligo[Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Fumarate] Hydrogels Seeded with Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Porcine Model. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:1852-61. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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Teuschl AH, Nürnberger S, Redl H, Nau T. Articular cartilage tissue regeneration—current research strategies and outlook for the future. Eur Surg 2013; 45:142-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s10353-013-0217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Waters HA, Geffre CP, Gonzales DA, Grana WA, Szivek JA. Co-Culture of Adipose Derived Stem Cells and Chondrocytes with Surface Modifying Proteins Induces Enhanced Cartilage Tissue Formation. J INVEST SURG 2013; 26:118-26. [DOI: 10.3109/08941939.2012.728681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Duda GN, Eniwumide JO, Sittinger M. Constraints to Articular Cartilage Regeneration. Regen Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5690-8_41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Billiet T, Vandenhaute M, Schelfhout J, Van Vlierberghe S, Dubruel P. Exploring the Future of Hydrogels in Rapid Prototyping: A Review on Current Trends and Limitations. Springer Series in Biomaterials Science and Engineering 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-4328-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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Izadifar Z, Chen X, Kulyk W. Strategic design and fabrication of engineered scaffolds for articular cartilage repair. J Funct Biomater 2012; 3:799-838. [PMID: 24955748 PMCID: PMC4030923 DOI: 10.3390/jfb3040799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Damage to articular cartilage can eventually lead to osteoarthritis (OA), a debilitating, degenerative joint disease that affects millions of people around the world. The limited natural healing ability of cartilage and the limitations of currently available therapies make treatment of cartilage defects a challenging clinical issue. Hopes have been raised for the repair of articular cartilage with the help of supportive structures, called scaffolds, created through tissue engineering (TE). Over the past two decades, different designs and fabrication techniques have been investigated for developing TE scaffolds suitable for the construction of transplantable artificial cartilage tissue substitutes. Advances in fabrication technologies now enable the strategic design of scaffolds with complex, biomimetic structures and properties. In particular, scaffolds with hybrid and/or biomimetic zonal designs have recently been developed for cartilage tissue engineering applications. This paper reviews critical aspects of the design of engineered scaffolds for articular cartilage repair as well as the available advanced fabrication techniques. In addition, recent studies on the design of hybrid and zonal scaffolds for use in cartilage tissue repair are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Izadifar
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr., Saskatoon SK S7N5A9, Canada.
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr., Saskatoon SK S7N5A9, Canada.
| | - William Kulyk
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd., Saskatoon SK S7N 5E5, Canada.
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Kim SH, Park DY, Min B. A new era of cartilage repair using cell therapy and tissue engineering: turning current clinical limitations into new ideas. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 9:240-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s13770-012-0370-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Kim SS, Kang MS, Lee KY, Lee MJ, Wang L, Kim HJ. Therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells and hyaluronic Acid injection on osteochondral defects in rabbits' knees. Knee Surg Relat Res 2012; 24:164-72. [PMID: 22977794 PMCID: PMC3438278 DOI: 10.5792/ksrr.2012.24.3.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 06/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the treatment results of intraarticular injection according to the frequency of hyaluronic acid with mesenchymal stem cells on the osteochondral defect of rabbits' medial femoral condyles. Materials and Methods A 5 mm diameter and 4 mm depth osteochondral defect was made on the medial femoral condyles of 18 rabbits, divided into six groups. One week after osteochondral defect, group B was injected intraarticularly with hyaluronic acid (HA), group C with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and group D, E and F with both HA and MSCs. Group E and F received second HA injection a week after. Further, group F received third HA injection in the third week. Results In a macroscopic evaluation, groups B (6; range, 5-8), C (6; range, 6-7), D (7; range, 6-7), E (6.5; range, 6-8) and F (7.5; range, 6-8) showed statistically significant improvements in osteochondral defect healing, compared with that of group A (4; range, 3-5) (p=0.002). In histological evaluation, groups B (11.5; range, 11-13), C (13; range, 12-18), D (16; range, 13-18), E (17.5; range, 13-20), and F (19.5; range, 12-22) showed statistically significant differences in osteochondral defect healing, compared with group A (8; range, 6-9) (p=0.006). Conclusions The intraarticular injections of MSCs or HA can play an effective role during the healing osteochondral defects in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Soo Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Jung MR, Shim IK, Chung HJ, Lee HR, Park YJ, Lee MC, Yang YI, Do SH, Lee SJ. Local BMP-7 release from a PLGA scaffolding-matrix for the repair of osteochondral defects in rabbits. J Control Release 2012; 162:485-91. [PMID: 22902517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of tissue engineering to repair large osteochondral defects has been impeded by the limited regenerative capacity of cartilage. Herein, we describe the local release of bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) to stimulate the bone marrow-derived progenitors to repair osteochondral defects. BMP-7-releasing poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) matrix was specially designed to retain the dual-function of local BMP-7 release and progenitor-scaffolding with its defect-fitting architecture. To optimize the release kinetics during the repair period, BMP-7/PLGA film was cast on the surface of a cylindrical PLGA matrix. The matrix demonstrated a release profile of BMP-7 in a sustained manner over 28 days, maintaining its biological activity. The cylindrical PLGA matrices loaded with BMP-7 were implanted into the osteochondral defects (2 mm in diameter, 3 mm in depth) in rabbit knees. Histological observations revealed that neo-cartilage generation was completed in a well-integrated morphology with its surrounding normal cartilage and subchondral bone at 12 weeks post-implantation. Partial degradation of the PLGA matrix during the repair period guided neo-cartilage formation, which verified the effective scaffolding function of the matrix. Regenerated cartilage in BMP-7-treated defects stained positive for type II collagen and glycosaminoglycan (GAG). Adjacent BMP-7-untreated defects were also repaired with cartilage regeneration, suggesting the effect of local BMP-7 release in the synovial fluid. The BMP-7-unloaded PLGA matrix demonstrated guided cartilage regeneration to a certain extent, whereas the adjacent defects without the matrix revealed only fibrous tissue infiltration. These results indicated that a strategy employing the combined functions of local BMP-7 release and the cell scaffolding of a PLGA matrix might be a potential modality for osteochondral repair.
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Billiet T, Vandenhaute M, Schelfhout J, Van Vlierberghe S, Dubruel P. A review of trends and limitations in hydrogel-rapid prototyping for tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2012; 33:6020-41. [PMID: 22681979 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 676] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The combined potential of hydrogels and rapid prototyping technologies has been an exciting route in developing tissue engineering scaffolds for the past decade. Hydrogels represent to be an interesting starting material for soft, and lately also for hard tissue regeneration. Their application enables the encapsulation of cells and therefore an increase of the seeding efficiency of the fabricated structures. Rapid prototyping techniques on the other hand, have become an elegant tool for the production of scaffolds with the purpose of cell seeding and/or cell encapsulation. By means of rapid prototyping, one can design a fully interconnected 3-dimensional structure with pre-determined dimensions and porosity. Despite this benefit, some of the rapid prototyping techniques are not or less suitable for the generation of hydrogel scaffolds. In this review, we therefore give an overview on the different rapid prototyping techniques suitable for the processing of hydrogel materials. A primary distinction will be made between (i) laser-based, (ii) nozzle-based, and (iii) printer-based systems. Special attention will be addressed to current trends and limitations regarding the respective techniques. Each of these techniques will be further discussed in terms of the different hydrogel materials used so far. One major drawback when working with hydrogels is the lack of mechanical strength. Therefore, maintaining and improving the mechanical integrity of the processed scaffolds has become a key issue regarding 3-dimensional hydrogel structures. This limitation can either be overcome during or after processing the scaffolds, depending on the applied technology and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Billiet
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4 Bis, Ghent 9000, Belgium
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Abstract
Articular cartilage defects heal poorly and lead to consequences as osteoarthritis. Clinical experience has indicated that no existing medication would substantially promote the healing process, and the cartilage defect requires surgical replacement. Allograft decays quickly for multiple reasons including the preparation process and immune reaction, and the outcome is disappointing. The extreme shortage of sparing in articular cartilage has much discouraged the use of autograft, which requires modification. The concept that constructs a chondral or osteochondral construct for the replacement of injured native tissue introduces that of tissue engineering. Limited number of cells are expanded either in vitro or in vivo, and resided temporally on a scaffold of biomaterial, which also acts as a vehicle to transfer the cells to the recipient site. Three core elements constitute this technique: the cell, a biodegradable scaffold, and an environment suitable for cells to present their proposed activity. Modern researches have kept updating those elements for a better performance of such cultivation of living tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- HONGSEN CHIANG
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - YI-YOU HUANG
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - CHING-CHUAN JIANG
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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40
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Shin SH, Yoo JJ, Kim HN, Nam J, Kim HJ. Enhanced cellular responses of human bone marrow stromal cells cultured on pretreated surface with allogenic platelet-rich plasma. Connect Tissue Res 2012; 53:318-26. [PMID: 22329757 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2012.656859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The principal objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of surface pretreatment with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the cellular functions of human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs). The surfaces of tissue culture plates (TCPs) were pretreated by adding PRP followed by centrifugation to bring platelets closer to the surface, followed by incubation for 60 min at 37°C. Then, hBMSCs were seeded onto TCP and TCP pretreated with PRP (TCP-PRP), followed by culture in osteogenic medium. Cell attachment, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation were evaluated. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM; JSM-7401F, JEOL Ltd., Japan) observations were conducted. The attachment of hBMSCs was significantly lower on TCP-PRP than on TCP. However, when the cell numbers were normalized with those observed on day 1 of culture, cellular proliferation on 5 days was significantly higher on TCP-PRP. Alkaline phosphatase activity, an index of early phase of osteoblastic differentiation, was significantly higher on TCP-PRP on day 14. Calcium deposition amount, an index of terminal osteoblastic differentiation, was also significantly higher on TCP-PRP on days 14 and 21. The results of von Kossa staining confirmed that, on day 21, the area of mineralized nodules was significantly larger on TCP-PRP. FE-SEM observation demonstrated that activated platelets and fibrin network covered the surface after PRP treatment. An increase in the number of hBMSCs and their cellular products was evident on the FE-SEM observation, and the fibrin network remained on day 21. Our results demonstrate that a PRP-treated surface enhanced early proliferation and late osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Han Shin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
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41
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Cheuk YC, Wong MWN, Lee KM, Fu SC. Use of allogeneic scaffold-free chondrocyte pellet in repair of osteochondral defect in a rabbit model. J Orthop Res 2011; 29:1343-50. [PMID: 21425327 DOI: 10.1002/jor.21339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/28/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies are currently being used in treating osteochondral defect (OCD), but technical advances are needed to tackle the problems of scaffold and grafting technique. This study aimed to test the potential of allogeneic scaffold-free bioengineered chondrocyte pellet (BCP) in treating OCD. BCP was fabricated from rabbit costal cartilage and implanted into 3 mm × 3 mm OCD in medial femoral condyle of 20 rabbits. Samples were harvested at 2, 4, 8, and 16 weeks for histology, histological scoring and histomorphometric analysis. At treated side, cartilage score was significantly better at week 4 (p = 0.027), and cartilage thickness measured in histomorphometric analysis was significantly thicker at week 4 (p = 0.028) and week 16 (p = 0.028) compared to the empty controls. At treated side, bone score remained significantly lower from week 8 onwards (p = 0.024 at week 8, p = 0.02 at week 16) whereas bone area was significantly smaller from week 4 onwards compared to the empty controls (p = 0.028 at week 4, 8, 16). No immunorejection was observed throughout the experiment. The results demonstrated that the BCP enhanced cartilage repair at early stage. Press-fitting of allogeneic BCP was a simple method for OCD repair without immunorejection. Further optimization of the treatment is required before clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yau-Chuk Cheuk
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Abstract
It is well known that adult cartilage lacks the ability to repair itself; this makes articular cartilage a very attractive target for tissue engineering. The majority of articular cartilage repair models attempt to deliver or recruit reparative cells to the site of injury. A number of efforts are directed to the characterization of progenitor cells and the understanding of the mechanisms involved in their chondrogenic differentiation. Our laboratory has focused on cartilage repair using mesenchymal stem cells and studied their differentiation into cartilage. Mesenchymal stem cells are attractive candidates for cartilage repair due to their osteogenic and chondrogenic potential, ease of harvest, and ease of expansion in culture. However, the need for chondrogenic differentiation is superposed on other technical issues associated with cartilage repair; this adds a level of complexity over using mature chondrocytes. This chapter will focus on the methods involved in the isolation and expansion of human mesenchymal stem cells, their differentiation along the chondrogenic lineage, and the qualitative and quantitative assessment of chondrogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Solchaga
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Abstract
Current strategies of regenerative medicine are focused on the restoration of pathologically altered tissue architectures by transplantation of cells in combination with supportive scaffolds and biomolecules. In recent years, considerable interest has been given to biologically active scaffolds which are based on similar analogs of the extracellular matrix that have induced synthesis of tissues and organs. To restore function or regenerate tissue, a scaffold is necessary that will act as a temporary matrix for cell proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition, with subsequent ingrowth until the tissues are totally restored or regenerated. Scaffolds have been used for tissue engineering such as bone, cartilage, ligament, skin, vascular tissues, neural tissues, and skeletal muscle and as vehicle for the controlled delivery of drugs, proteins, and DNA. Various technologies come together to construct porous scaffolds to regenerate the tissues/organs and also for controlled and targeted release of bioactive agents in tissue engineering applications. In this paper, an overview of the different types of scaffolds with their material properties is discussed. The fabrication technologies for tissue engineering scaffolds, including the basic and conventional techniques to the more recent ones, are tabulated.
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44
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Duda GN, Eniwumide JO, Sittinger M. Constraints to Articular Cartilage Regeneration. Regen Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-9075-1_37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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45
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Abstract
Although advances in surgical techniques and bone grafting have significantly improved the functional and cosmetic restoration of craniofacial structures lost because of trauma or disease, there are still significant limitations in our ability to regenerate these tissues. The regeneration of oral and craniofacial tissues presents a formidable challenge that requires synthesis of basic science, clinical science, and engineering technology. Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field of study that addresses this challenge by applying the principles of engineering to biology and medicine toward the development of biological substitutes that restore, maintain, and improve normal function. This review will explore the impact of biomaterials design, stem cell biology and gene therapy on craniofacial tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Ward
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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46
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Park H, Guo X, Temenoff JS, Tabata Y, Caplan AI, Kasper FK, Mikos AG. Effect of swelling ratio of injectable hydrogel composites on chondrogenic differentiation of encapsulated rabbit marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Biomacromolecules 2010; 10:541-6. [PMID: 19173557 DOI: 10.1021/bm801197m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
An injectable, biodegradable hydrogel composite of oligo(poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate) (OPF) and gelatin microparticles (MPs) has been investigated as a cell and growth factor carrier for cartilage tissue engineering applications. In this study, hydrogel composites with different swelling ratios were prepared by cross-linking OPF macromers with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) repeating units of varying molecular weights from 1000 approximately 35000. Rabbit marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MPs loaded with transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) were encapsulated in the hydrogel composites to examine the effect of the swelling ratio of the hydrogel composites on the chondrogenic differentiation of encapsulated rabbit marrow MSCs both in the presence and in the absence of TGF-beta1. The swelling ratio of the hydrogel composites increased as the PEG molecular weight in the OPF macromers increased. Chondrocyte-specific genes were expressed at higher levels in groups containing TGF-beta1-loaded MPs and varied with the swelling ratio of the hydrogel composites. OPF hydrogel composites with PEG repeating units of molecular weight 35000 and 10000 with TGF-beta1-loaded MPs exhibited a 159 +/- 95- and a 89 +/- 31-fold increase in type II collagen gene expression at day 28, respectively, while OPF hydrogel composites with PEG repeating units of molecular weight 3000 and 1000 with TGF-beta1-loaded MPs showed a 27 +/- 10- and a 17 +/- 7-fold increase in type II collagen gene expression, respectively, as compared to the composites with blank MPs at day 0. The results indicate that chondrogenic differentiation of encapsulated rabbit marrow MSCs within OPF hydrogel composites could be affected by their swelling ratio, thus suggesting the potential of OPF composite hydrogels as part of a novel strategy for controlling the differentiation of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansoo Park
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, MS-142, Houston, Texas 77251-1892, USA
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Abstract
While a wide variety of approaches to engineering orthopedic tissues have been proposed, less attention has been paid to the interfaces, the specialized areas that connect two tissues of different biochemical and mechanical properties. The interface tissue plays an important role in transitioning mechanical load between disparate tissues. Thus, the relatively new field of interfacial tissue engineering presents new challenges--to not only consider the regeneration of individual orthopedic tissues, but also to design the biochemical and cellular composition of the linking tissue. Approaches to interfacial tissue engineering may be distinguished based on if the goal is to recreate the interface itself, or generate an entire integrated tissue unit (such as an osteochondral plug). As background for future efforts in engineering orthopedic interfaces, a brief review of the biology and mechanics of each interface (cartilage-bone, ligament-bone, meniscus-bone, and muscle-tendon) is presented, followed by an overview of the state-of-the-art in engineering each tissue, including advances and challenges specific to regenerating the interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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Abstract
Injury of articular cartilage due to trauma or pathological conditions is the major cause of disability worldwide, especially in North America. The increasing number of patients suffering from joint-related conditions leads to a concomitant increase in the economic burden. In this review article, we focus on strategies to repair and replace knee joint cartilage, since knee-associated disabilities are more prevalent than any other joint. Because of inadequacies associated with widely used approaches, the orthopedic community has an increasing tendency to develop biological strategies, which include transplantation of autologous (i.e., mosaicplasty) or allogeneic osteochondral grafts, autologous chondrocytes (autologous chondrocyte transplantation), or tissue-engineered cartilage substitutes. Tissue-engineered cartilage constructs represent a highly promising treatment option for knee injury as they mimic the biomechanical environment of the native cartilage and have superior integration capabilities. Currently, a wide range of tissue-engineering-based strategies are established and investigated clinically as an alternative to the routinely used techniques (i.e., knee replacement and autologous chondrocyte transplantation). Tissue-engineering-based strategies include implantation of autologous chondrocytes in combination with collagen I, collagen I/III (matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation), HYAFF 11 (Hyalograft C), and fibrin glue (Tissucol) or implantation of minced cartilage in combination with copolymers of polyglycolic acid along with polycaprolactone (cartilage autograft implantation system), and fibrin glue (DeNovo NT graft). Tissue-engineered cartilage replacements show better clinical outcomes in the short term, and with advances that have been made in orthopedics they can be introduced arthroscopically in a minimally invasive fashion. Thus, the future is bright for this innovative approach to restore function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer A E Ahmed
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Liao J, Guo X, Grande-Allen KJ, Kasper FK, Mikos AG. Bioactive polymer/extracellular matrix scaffolds fabricated with a flow perfusion bioreactor for cartilage tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2010; 31:8911-20. [PMID: 20797784 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.07.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2010] [Accepted: 07/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) microfiber scaffolds, coated with cartilaginous extracellular matrix (ECM), were fabricated by first culturing chondrocytes under dynamic conditions in a flow perfusion bioreactor and then decellularizing the cellular constructs. The decellularization procedure yielded acellular PCL/ECM composite scaffolds containing glycosaminoglycan and collagen. PCL/ECM composite scaffolds were evaluated for their ability to support the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro using serum-free medium with or without the addition of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). PCL/ECM composite scaffolds supported chondrogenic differentiation induced by TGF-β1 exposure, as evidenced in the up-regulation of aggrecan (11.6 ± 3.8 fold) and collagen type II (668.4 ± 317.7 fold) gene expression. The presence of cartilaginous matrix alone reduced collagen type I gene expression to levels observed with TGF-β1 treatment. Cartilaginous matrix further enhanced the effects of growth factor treatment on MSC chondrogenesis as evidenced in the higher glycosaminoglycan synthetic activity for cells cultured on PCL/ECM composite scaffolds. Therefore, flow perfusion culture of chondrocytes on electrospun microfiber scaffolds is a promising method to fabricate polymer/extracellular matrix composite scaffolds that incorporate both natural and synthetic components to provide biological signals for cartilage tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehong Liao
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, MS-142, PO Box 1892, Houston, TX 77251, USA
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Jiang J, Tang A, Ateshian GA, Guo XE, Hung CT, Lu HH. Bioactive Stratified Polymer Ceramic-Hydrogel Scaffold for Integrative Osteochondral Repair. Ann Biomed Eng 2010; 38:2183-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-010-0038-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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