POS0902 EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF INTRAVENOUS GOLIMUMAB IN ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS PATIENTS WITH EARLY VS LATE DISEASE THROUGH WEEK 52 OF GO-ALIVE STUDY

Background:

The GO-ALIVE study assessed efficacy and safety of intravenous golimumab (IV GLM) in patients (pts) with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).1,2

Objectives:

In this post hoc analysis, we assessed IV GLM efficacy and safety in AS pts with early disease (ED) vs late disease (LD) based on pt-reported duration of inflammatory back pain (IBP).

Methods:

In this Phase 3, double-blind, placebo (PBO)-controlled trial, pts with active AS were randomized (1:1) to receive IV GLM 2 mg/kg at Week (W) 0, W4, then Q8W or PBO at W0, W4, and W12 with crossover to IV GLM at W16, W20, then Q8W through 52. The primary endpoint was achievement of SpondyloArthritis International Society 20% improvement response (ASAS 20) at W16. In this post hoc analysis, 208 pts were grouped into quartiles based on self-reported duration of IBP symptoms. Efficacy and safety in 60 pts with ED (1st quartile) were compared with 52 pts with LD (4th quartile).

Results:

For the overall study population, mean duration of IBP symptoms was 10.9 yr and mean time since diagnosis was 5.5 yr. For ED pts, the mean duration of IBP symptoms ranged from 2.3 yr (IV GLM) to 2.6 yr (PBO), and for LD pts ranged from 23.5 yr (IV GLM) to 24.4 yr (PBO). At W16, ASAS 20 was achieved by 72% IV GLM vs 32% PBO pts with ED and by 67% IV GLM vs 21% PBO pts with LD. Pts with ED had numerically better response than those with LD in Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI), and across more stringent endpoints, including ASAS 40, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index 50% improvement (BASDAI 50), and Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) inactive disease and major improvement (Table 1). Response rates at W16 among IV GLM-treated pts were generally consistent through 1 year in both ED and LD subgroups; also in ED and LD subgroups, pts crossing over to IV GLM at W16 demonstrated response at W52 consistent with pts who started IV GLM at W0. At W16, improvements in enthesitis score were similar for pts with ED (mean change -2.9 for IV GLM vs 0.1 for PBO) and LD (mean change -2.5 for IV GLM vs 0.6 for PBO); improvements were maintained at W52 for ED and LD pts. Treatment-emergent adverse events and serious adverse events through 1 year were 46% and 3% for pts with ED compared with 61% and 2% for pts with LD, respectively.

Conclusion:

While IV GLM provided clinically meaningful improvements in signs and symptoms of AS in pts regardless of disease duration, response generally appeared numerically better in pts with ED than in pts with LD. This supports the principle of prompt diagnosis and early treatment.

References:

[1]Deodhar A, et al. J Rheumatol. 2018;45:341-348.

[2]Reveille J, et al. J Rheumatol. 2019;46:1277-1283.

Table 1.

Efficacy Outcomes

EDLDWeek 16Week 52Week 16Week 52PBO(n=25)IV GLM(n=35)PBO→IV GLM(n=25)IV GLM(n=35)PBO(n=28)IV GLM(n=24)PBO→IV GLM(n=28)IV GLM(n=24)ASAS 2032%71%68%71%21%67%68%63%ASAS 4012%46%56%60%4%42%57%42%BASDAI 5012%40%64%60%7%33%57%42%ASDAS inactive disease (score <1.3)4%17%44%37%0%8%14%4%ASDAS major improvement (decrease ≥2.0)n=244%57%n=2454%51%0%n=2348%46%n=2330%ASDAS clinically important improvement (decrease ≥1.1)n=2429%77%n=2475%77%18%n=2391%61%n=2365%Mean change from baseline (SD) in BASFIn=23-0.4 (2.0)-2.3 (2.1)n=23-2.7 (2.7)-2.8 (2.6)n=27-0.3 (1.8)n=24-2.2 (1.7)n=27-2.4 (2.2)n=23-2.3 (1.7)Mean change from baseline (SD) in BASMIn=23-0.3 (0.7)-0.4 (0.7)n=23-0.6 (0.7)-0.3 (0.5)n=270.01 (0.5)n=21-0.3 (0.6)n=27-0.4 (0.7)n=20-0.3 (0.7)Mean change from baseline (SD) in enthesitis scoren=230.1 (3.6)-2.9 (2.9)n=23-2.0 (4.4)-3.2 (2.5)n=27-0.6 (3.4)n=21-2.5 (3.0)n=27-2.5 (3.1)n=20-3.5 (5.9)

SD=standard deviation

Disclosure of Interests:

Atul Deodhar Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Galapagos, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB, Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB, Shelly Kafka Shareholder of: Johnson & Johnson, Employee of: Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Elizabeth C Hsia Shareholder of: Johnson & Johnson, Employee of: Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Kim Hung Lo Shareholder of: Johnson & Johnson, Employee of: Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Lilianne Kim Shareholder of: Johnson & Johnson, Employee of: Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Stephen Xu Shareholder of: Johnson & Johnson, Employee of: Janssen Research & Development, LLC, John D Reveille Consultant of: Eli Lilly and UCB, Grant/research support from: Eli Lilly and Janssen

1094 Depression Is Not Associated With The Presence Of Or The Severity Of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Retrospective Study Of 841 Polysomnography Subjects

Introduction

Both depression and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are very common medical conditions. Studies showed a co-occurrence of depression and OSA with a higher prevalence of one if the other is present. However, there is relative paucity of studies assessing the rate of depression based on the OSA severity.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of data collected from patients undergoing polysomnography (PSG) at an academic sleep disorders center was performed. A total of 841 subjects were included and stratified into four groups using AHI. A Chi-square analysis was applied to assess the association of varying levels of AHI and the presence of depression.

Results

Although a significant proportion of patients with AHI greater than 5 endorsed depression (60/165 in group with AHI 15 or greater and 115/278 in group with AHI between 5 and 15), this finding was also replicated in patients with AHI less than 5 (86/202 in AHI between 1 and 5 and 88/196 in those with AHI less than 1). As there was significant difference in rate of depression among women (54.1%) and men (26.1%) (p &lt;0.0001), Chi-square analysis was performed for the rate of depression based on the level of AHI, adjusted for gender. In women the rate of depression from the most severe AHI to less severe AHI group were 0.48, 0.53, 0.60, and 0.53 respectively and in men it was 0.30, 0.27, 0.20, and 0.27 respectively, with no statistical difference between any groups.

Conclusion

Among patients who seek PSG assessment, depression appears to be more prevalent than the general public. Rate of depression is much higher among women than men in this group. However, the presence of OSA or severity of OSA does not have any correlation with the rate of depression in both women and men. These findings might be suggestive of the complexity of the association between depression and OSA. One limitation of this study is the dichotomous nature of depression (presence or absence of). The finding from this study warrants a future study utilizing a numerical rating scale of depression for severity measure to correlate it with the severity of OSA.

Support

NA.

ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma with a monomorphic small-cell pattern masquerading as inflammatory gastric lesions

INTRODUCTION

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive (ALK+) anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) with a non-common pattern can be diagnostic challenging. Pathologists can be unavoidably and unintentionally blind to non-descript tumor cells in a lymphohistiocytic- (LH) or small-cell (SC)-pattern. We report a case of primary systemic ALK+ ALCL with a SC pattern that presented as secondary gastric lesions with a mixed LH and SC pattern that was masqueraded as inflammatory lesions.

CASE REPORT

A 34-year-old woman with intractable epigastric pain was referred to have repeated endoscopy with biopsy. She was found to multiple gastric erosions and nodules that were diagnosed as inflammatory lesions both endoscopically and histologically. Meanwhile, she developed an acute onset of severe back pain associated with a pathologic compression fracture in the T3 thoracic vertebral body. Imaging studies disclosed a disseminated systemic disease involving abdominopelvic lymph nodes and cervical and thoracic vertebral bodies. The needle biopsy of the pelvic lymph node disclosed diffuse proliferation of monomorphic small round cells that were diffusely positive for CD30 and ALK. A diagnosis of ALK+ ALCL with a monomorphic SC pattern was rendered.

DISCUSSION

A retrospective review of the gastric biopsies with the aid of immunohistochemistry enabled us to recognise the presence of lymphomatous infiltrates with a mixed LH and SC pattern in every piece of gastric biopsies that were repeatedly misdiagnosed as inflammatory lesions. This case illustrates a significant diagnostic pitfall of the LH- and SC-patterns in ALK+ ALCL, in which the tumour cells featuring lymphoid, plasmacytoid or histiocytoid appearance can be masqueraded as inflammatory cells.

[VALUE OF METALPROTEINASES OF BLOOD IN PATHOGENESIS OF EPITELIAL SKIN TUMORS AND THE POSSIBILITY OF THEIR SURGICAL CORRECTION]

Research objective - to carry out studying of changes of metalproteinases of blood at patients with epitelial cancer of skin in the postoperative period. Changes of TIMP-1 and MMP-2, MMP-7 and MMP-9 of blood it has been studied at 98 patients with various cancer of skin whose age was 55±3 years. From them bazalnokletochny cancer of skin - at 39 people, planocellular cancer is skin - at 39 patients. Researches were conducted before expeditious treatment, in the first postoperative days, for the fifth, seventh, tenth postoperative days and in 18 months after the undergone operation. For comparison at 20 patients operated with skin fibroma. Studying of indicators was carried out for the same days. At all patients the diagnosis is confirmed morphologically before performing expeditious treatment. Expeditious treatment was carried out under local anesthesia, at cancer broad excision of education was carried out, at fibroma - education excision. The conducted researches of indicators of inhibitor of metalproteinases-1, matriksny metalproteinases of blood at patients with various skin tumors show that in pathogenesis of development of a tumor of epitelialny tumors the great value is given to increase in inhibitor of metalproteinases-1, matriksny metalproteinases of blood. So, it is established that prior to expeditious treatment in all groups, both malignant, and good-quality increase in all studied indicators has been registered. It should be noted that increase in these indicators depended on malignancy of a tumor. So, in group with good-quality formations of skin this increase was minimum, and in group with planocellular cancer of skin - maximum. It is possible to assume that each tumor produces in TIMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-7 and MMP-9 blood, and this quantity depends on the nature of malignancy of a tumor. Besides, in the course of the research it has been established that performance of surgical treatment at benign tumors is led to correction of this indicator that it is shown by normalization of these indicators. At the same time at bazalnokletochny cancer of skin only to partial decrease in an indicator, and at planocellular cancer of skin these indicators didn't change. From this it is possible to make the conclusion that surgical treatment doesn't lead to correction of these indicators at malignant new growths of skin.

Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Risk in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Insights From the DCCT/EDIC Study

Background

Hyperglycemia leading to increased oxidative stress is implicated in the increased risk for the development of macrovascular and microvascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Methods and Results

A random subcohort of 349 participants was selected from the DCCT / EDIC (Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications) cohort. This included 320 controls and 29 cardiovascular disease cases that were augmented with 98 additional known cases to yield a case cohort of 447 participants (320 controls, 127 cases). Biosamples from DCCT baseline, year 1, and closeout of DCCT , and 1 to 2 years post‐ DCCT ( EDIC years 1 and 2) were measured for markers of oxidative stress, including plasma myeloperoxidase, paraoxonase activity, urinary F 2α isoprostanes, and its metabolite, 2,3 dinor‐8 iso prostaglandin F 2α . Following adjustment for glycated hemoblobin and weighting the observations inversely proportional to the sampling selection probabilities, higher paraoxonase activity, reflective of antioxidant activity, and 2,3 dinor‐8 iso prostaglandin F 2α , an oxidative marker, were significantly associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease (−4.5% risk for 10% higher paraoxonase, P <0.003; −5.3% risk for 10% higher 2,3 dinor‐8 iso prostaglandin F 2α , P =0.0092). In contrast, the oxidative markers myeloperoxidase and F 2α isoprostanes were not significantly associated with cardiovascular disease after adjustment for glycated hemoblobin. There were no significant differences between DCCT intensive and conventional treatment groups in the change in all biomarkers across time segments.

Conclusions

Heightened antioxidant activity (rather than diminished oxidative stress markers) is associated with lower cardiovascular disease risk in type 1 diabetes mellitus, but these biomarkers did not change over time with intensification of glycemic control.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL : https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifiers: NCT 00360815 and NCT 00360893.

Autologous Stem Cells in Achilles Tendinopathy (ASCAT): protocol for a phase IIA, single-centre, proof-of-concept study

INTRODUCTION

Achilles tendinopathy (AT) is a cause of pain and disability affecting both athletes and sedentary individuals. More than 150 000 people in the UK every year suffer from AT.While there is much preclinical work on the use of stem cells in tendon pathology, there is a scarcity of clinical data looking at the use of mesenchymal stem cells to treat tendon disease and there does not appear to be any studies of the use of autologous cultured mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for AT. Our hypothesis is that autologous culture expanded MSCs implanted into an area of mid-portion AT will lead to improved pain-free mechanical function. The current paper presents the protocol for a phase IIa clinical study.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS

The presented protocol is for a non-commercial, single-arm, open-label, phase IIa proof-of-concept study. The study will recruit 10 participants and will follow them up for 6 months. Included will be patients aged 18-70 years with chronic mid-portion AT who have failed at least 6 months of non-operative management. Participants will have a bone marrow aspirate collected from the posterior iliac crest under either local or general anaesthetic. MSCs will be isolated and expanded from the bone marrow. Four to 6 weeks after the harvest, participants will undergo implantation of the culture expanded MSCs under local anaesthetic and ultrasound guidance. The primary outcome will be safety as defined by the incidence rate of serious adverse reaction. The secondary outcomes will be efficacy as measured by patient-reported outcome measures and radiological outcome using ultrasound techniques.

ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION

The protocol has been approved by the National Research Ethics Service Committee (London, Harrow; reference 13/LO/1670). Trial findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER

NCT02064062.

Zoonotic origin and transmission of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in the UAE

Since the emergence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012, there have been a number of clusters of human-to-human transmission. These cases of human-to-human transmission involve close contact and have occurred primarily in healthcare settings, and they are suspected to result from repeated zoonotic introductions. In this study, we sequenced whole MERS-CoV genomes directly from respiratory samples collected from 23 confirmed MERS cases in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). These samples included cases from three nosocomial and three household clusters. The sequences were analysed for changes and relatedness with regard to the collected epidemiological data and other available MERS-CoV genomic data. Sequence analysis supports the epidemiological data within the clusters, and further, suggests that these clusters emerged independently. To understand how and when these clusters emerged, respiratory samples were taken from dromedary camels, a known host of MERS-CoV, in the same geographic regions as the human clusters. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus genomes from six virus-positive animals were sequenced, and these genomes were nearly identical to those found in human patients from corresponding regions. These data demonstrate a genetic link for each of these clusters to a camel and support the hypothesis that human MERS-CoV diversity results from multiple zoonotic introductions.

The use of mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage repair and regeneration: a systematic review

BACKGROUND

The management of articular cartilage defects presents many clinical challenges due to its avascular, aneural and alymphatic nature. Bone marrow stimulation techniques, such as microfracture, are the most frequently used method in clinical practice however the resulting mixed fibrocartilage tissue which is inferior to native hyaline cartilage. Other methods have shown promise but are far from perfect. There is an unmet need and growing interest in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering to improve the outcome for patients requiring cartilage repair. Many published reviews on cartilage repair only list human clinical trials, underestimating the wealth of basic sciences and animal studies that are precursors to future research. We therefore set out to perform a systematic review of the literature to assess the translation of stem cell therapy to explore what research had been carried out at each of the stages of translation from bench-top (in vitro), animal (pre-clinical) and human studies (clinical) and assemble an evidence-based cascade for the responsible introduction of stem cell therapy for cartilage defects. This review was conducted in accordance to PRISMA guidelines using CINHAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Knowledge databases from 1st January 1900 to 30th June 2015. In total, there were 2880 studies identified of which 252 studies were included for analysis (100 articles for in vitro studies, 111 studies for animal studies; and 31 studies for human studies). There was a huge variance in cell source in pre-clinical studies both of terms of animal used, location of harvest (fat, marrow, blood or synovium) and allogeneicity. The use of scaffolds, growth factors, number of cell passages and number of cells used was hugely heterogeneous.

SHORT CONCLUSIONS

This review offers a comprehensive assessment of the evidence behind the translation of basic science to the clinical practice of cartilage repair. It has revealed a lack of connectivity between the in vitro, pre-clinical and human data and a patchwork quilt of synergistic evidence. Drivers for progress in this space are largely driven by patient demand, surgeon inquisition and a regulatory framework that is learning at the same pace as new developments take place.

High-quality cell block preparation from scraping of conventional cytology slide: a technical report on a modified cytoscrape cell block technique

BACKGROUND

Immunocytochemistry (ICC) on formalin-fixed paraffin embedded cell blocks is an ancillary tool commonly recruited for differential diagnoses of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) samples. However, the quality of conventional cell blocks in terms of adequate cellularity and evenness of distribution of cytologic material is not always satisfactory for ICC. We introduce a modified agarose-based cytoscrape cell block (CCB) technique that can be effectively used for the preparation of cell blocks from scrapings of conventional FNAC slides.

METHODS

A decoverslipped FNAC slide was mounted with a small amount of water. The cytological material was scraped off the slide into a tissue mold by scraping with a cell scraper. The cytoscrape material was pelleted by centrifugation and pre-embedded in ultra-low gelling temperature agarose and then re-embedded in conventional agarose. The final agarose gel disk was processed and embedded in paraffin.

RESULTS

The quality of the ICC on the CCB sections was identical to that of the immunohistochemical stains on histological sections. By scrapping and harvesting the entirety of the cytological material off the cytology slide into a compact agarose cell button, we could avoid the risk of losing diagnostic material during the CCB preparation.

CONCLUSION

This modified CCB technique enables concentration and focusing of minute material while maintaining the entire amount of the cytoscrape material on the viewing spot of the CCB sections. We believe this technique can be effectively used to improve the level of confidence in diagnosis of FNAC especially when the FNAC slides are the only sample available.

Factors associated with recurrent tuberculosis more than 12 months after treatment completion

SETTING

Even among persons who have completed a course of treatment for their first tuberculosis (TB) episode, patients with a history of TB are at higher risk for having TB.

OBJECTIVE

To describe factors from the initial TB episode associated with recurrent TB among patients who completed treatment and remained free of TB for at least 12 months.

DESIGN

During 1993-2006, US TB cases stratified by birth origin were examined. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess the association of factors during the initial episode with recurrence at least 12 months after treatment completion.

RESULTS

Among 632 US-born patients, TB recurrence was associated with age 25-44 years (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.77, 99% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-3.09, attributable fraction [AF] 1-34%), substance use (aHR 1.57, 99%CI 1.23-2.02, AF 8-22%), and treatment supervised by health departments (aHR 1.42, 99%CI 1.03-1.97, AF 2-28%). Among 211 foreign-born patients, recurrence was associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection (aHR 2.24, 99%CI 1.27-3.98, AF 2-9%) and smear-positive TB (aHR 1.56, 99%CI 1.06-2.30, AF 3-33%).

CONCLUSION

Factors associated with recurrence differed by origin of birth, and might be useful for anticipating greater risk for recurrent TB among certain patients with a history of TB.

Total ankle replacement versus arthrodesis (TARVA): protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial

INTRODUCTION

Total ankle replacement (TAR) or ankle arthrodesis (fusion) is the main surgical treatments for end-stage ankle osteoarthritis (OA). The popularity of ankle replacement is increasing while ankle fusion rates remain static. Both treatments have efficacy but to date all studies comparing the 2 have been observational without randomisation, and there are no published guidelines as to the most appropriate management. The TAR versus arthrodesis (TARVA) trial aims to compare the clinical and cost-effectiveness of TAR against ankle arthrodesis in the treatment of end-stage ankle OA in patients aged 50-85 years.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS

TARVA is a multicentre randomised controlled trial that will randomise 328 patients aged 50-85 years with end-stage ankle arthritis. The 2 arms of the study will be TAR or ankle arthrodesis with 164 patients in each group. Up to 16 UK centres will participate. Patients will have clinical assessments and complete questionnaires before their operation and at 6, 12, 26 and 52 weeks after surgery. The primary clinical outcome of the study is a validated patient-reported outcome measure, the Manchester Oxford foot questionnaire, captured preoperatively and 12 months after surgery. Secondary outcomes include quality-of-life scores, complications, revision, reoperation and a health economic analysis.

ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION

The protocol has been approved by the National Research Ethics Service Committee (London, Bloomsbury 14/LO/0807). This manuscript is based on V.5.0 of the protocol. The trial findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER

NCT02128555.

Evidence for enhanced collagen type III deposition focally in the territorial matrix of osteoarthritic hip articular cartilage

OBJECTIVE

To determine if type III collagen is concentrated in the chymotrypsin-extractable collagen pool from osteoarthritic articular cartilage to assess its potential as a biomarker of Osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenic mechanisms.

METHODS

Full thickness articular cartilage from grossly normal surfaces was analyzed from femoral heads, obtained at hip replacement surgery, from OA (n = 10) and fracture (n = 10) patients. Collagen, extracted by α-chymotrypsin, was characterized by SDS-PAGE/Western blot analysis, ELISA and immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies specific to collagens types II and III.

RESULTS

α-Chymotrypsin extracted more collagen from OA than control cartilage. The extractable pool included collagen types II and III from both OA and control hips. Importantly, OA cartilage contained 6-fold more collagen type III than control cartilage, based on ELISA. The estimated total tissue ratio of collagen III/II was in the 1-10% range for individual OA cartilage samples, based on pepsin-solubilized collagen using SDS-PAGE densitometry. Collagen type III N-propeptide trimers were the main molecular fragments seen on Western blot analysis of OA and control extracts. The chymotrypsin-extracted type II collagen gave primarily full-length α1(II) chains and chain fragments of α1(II) on Western blot analysis from both OA and control tissues. Immunohistochemistry showed that type III collagen was more concentrated in the upper half of OA cartilage and in the territorial matrix around individual chondrocytes and chondrocyte clusters.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings confirm that collagen type III deposition occurs in adult articular cartilage but significantly more pronounced in osteoarthritic joints, presenting a potential marker of matrix repair or pathobiology.

Strain features and distributions in pneumococci from children with invasive disease before and after 13-valent conjugate vaccine implementation in the USA

The effect of second-generation pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) strain distributions have not yet been well described. We analysed IPD isolates recovered from children aged <5 years through Active Bacterial Core surveillance before (2008–2009; n = 828) and after (2011–2013; n = 600) 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) implementation. We employed conventional testing, PCR/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and whole genome sequence (WGS) analysis to identify serotypes, resistance features, genotypes, and pilus types. PCV13, licensed in February 2010, effectively targeted all major 19A and 7F genotypes, and decreased antimicrobial resistance, primarily owing to removal of the 19A/ST320 complex. The strain complex contributing most to the remaining β-lactam resistance during 2011–2013 was 35B/ST558. Significant emergence of non-vaccine clonal complexes was not evident. Because of the removal of vaccine serotype strains, positivity for one or both pilus types (PI-1 and PI-2) decreased in the post-PCV13 years 2011–2013 relative to 2008–2009 (decreases of 32–55% for PI-1, and >95% for PI-2 and combined PI-1 + PI-2). β-Lactam susceptibility phenotypes correlated consistently with transpeptidase region sequence combinations of the three major penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) determined through WGS analysis. Other major resistance features were predictable by DNA signatures from WGS analysis. Multilocus sequence data combined with PBP combinations identified progeny, serotype donors and recipient strains in serotype switch events. PCV13 decreased the frequency of all PCV13 serotype clones and concurrently decreased the frequency of strain subsets with resistance and/or adherence features conducive to successful carriage. Our results serve as a reference describing key features of current paediatric IPD strains in the USA after PCV13 implementation.