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Extract of Pogostemon cablin Possesses Potent Anticancer Activity against Colorectal Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:9758156. [PMID: 32963578 PMCID: PMC7499317 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9758156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pogostemon cablin (PCa), an herb used in traditional Chinese medicine, is routinely used in the amelioration of different types of gastrointestinal discomfort. However, the mechanisms underlying the cancer suppression activity of PCa in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells have yet to be clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the anticancer effects of PCa, specifically the induction of apoptosis in CRC cells. The growth inhibition curve of CRC cells following exposure to PCa was detected by an MTT assay. Moreover, PCa combined with 5-FU revealed a synergic effect of decreased cell viability. PCa inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and cell apoptosis through regulation of associated protein expression. An in vivo study showed that PCa suppressed the growth of CRC via induction of cell apoptosis with no significant change in body weight or organ histology. Our results demonstrated that PCa inhibits the growth of CRC cells and induces apoptosis in vitro and in vivo, which suggests the potential applicability of PCa as an anticancer agent.
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Lee GY, Lee JS, Son CG, Lee NH. Combating Drug Resistance in Colorectal Cancer Using Herbal Medicines. Chin J Integr Med 2020; 27:551-560. [PMID: 32740824 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-020-3425-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent and lethal cancer types around the world. Most of the CRC patients are treated with chemotherapeutic drugs alone or combined. However, up to 90% of metastatic cancer patients experience the failure of treatment mostly because of the acquired drug resistance, which can be led to multidrug resistance (MDR). In this study, we reviewed the recent literature which studied potential CRC MDR reversal agents among herbal medicines (HMs). Among abundant HMs, 6 single herbs, Andrographis paniculata, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Hedyotis diffusa, Sophora flavescens, Curcuma longa, Bufo gargarizans, and 2 formulae, Pien Tze Huang and Zhi Zhen Fang, were found to overcome CRC MDR by two or more different mechanisms, which could be a promising candidate in the development of new drugs for adjuvant CRC chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga-Young Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Cheonan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Cheonan, 31099, Republic of Korea.,Liver & Immunology Research Center, Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, 35235, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Graduated School of Korean Medicine, University of Daejeon, Daejeon, 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Lee
- Liver & Immunology Research Center, Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, 35235, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Graduated School of Korean Medicine, University of Daejeon, Daejeon, 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gue Son
- Liver & Immunology Research Center, Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, 35235, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Graduated School of Korean Medicine, University of Daejeon, Daejeon, 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hun Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Cheonan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Cheonan, 31099, Republic of Korea. .,Liver & Immunology Research Center, Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, 35235, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Graduated School of Korean Medicine, University of Daejeon, Daejeon, 34520, Republic of Korea.
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Yang PM, Du JL, Wang GNK, Chia JS, Hsu WB, Pu PC, Sun A, Chiang CP, Wang WB. The Chinese Herbal Mixture Tien-Hsien Liquid Augments the Anticancer Immunity in Tumor Cell-Vaccinated Mice. Integr Cancer Ther 2017; 16:319-328. [PMID: 27252074 PMCID: PMC5759942 DOI: 10.1177/1534735416651492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Chinese herbal mixture, Tien-Hsien liquid (THL), has been used as an anticancer dietary supplement for more than 20 years. Our previous studies have shown that THL can modulate immune responseand inhibit tumor growth. In this study, we further evaluated the effect of THL on anticancer immune response in mice vaccinated with γ-ray-irradiated tumor cells. METHODS The antitumor effect of THL was determined in mice vaccinated with low-tumorigenic CT-26-low colon cancer cells or γ-ray-irradiated high-tumorigenic CT-26-high colon cancer cells. The number of natural killer (NK) cells and T lymphocytes in the spleen was analyzed by flow cytometry. The tumor-killing activities of NK cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) were analyzed by flow cytometry using YAC-1 and CT-26-high cells, respectively, as target cells. The levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α were determined by ELISA. RESULTS THL suppressed the growth of CT-26-high tumor in mice previously vaccinated with low-tumorigenic CT-26-low cells or γ-irradiated CT-26-high cells. THL increased the populations of NK cells and CD4+ T lymphocytes in the spleen and enhanced the tumor-killing activities of NK cells and CTL in mice vaccinated with γ-irradiated CT-26-high cells. THL increased the production of IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α in mice vaccinated with γ-irradiated CT-26-high cells. CONCLUSION THL can enhance the antitumor immune responses in mice vaccinated with killed tumor cells. These results suggest that THL may be used as a complementary medicine for cancer patients previously treated with killed tumor cell vaccines, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ming Yang
- College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ling Du
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Jean-San Chia
- School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Bin Hsu
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Ching Pu
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Andy Sun
- School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Pin Chiang
- School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Won-Bo Wang
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chinese Herbal Mixture, Tien-Hsien Liquid, Induces G2/M Cycle Arrest and Radiosensitivity in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells through Mechanisms Involving DNMT1 and Rad51 Downregulation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:3251046. [PMID: 27525019 PMCID: PMC4971317 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3251046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The Chinese herbal mixture, Tien-Hsien Liquid (THL), has been proven to suppress the growth and invasiveness of cancer cells and is currently regarded as a complementary medicine for the treatment of cancer. Our previous study using acute promyelocytic leukemia cells uncovered its effect on the downregulation of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) which is often overexpressed in cancer cells resulting in the repression of tumor suppressors via hypermethylation. Herein, we explored the effects of THL in MCF-7 breast cancer cells that also demonstrate elevated DNMT1. The results show that THL dose-dependently downregulated DNMT1 accompanied by the induction of tumor suppressors such as p21 and p15. THL arrested cell cycle in G2/M phase and decreased the protein levels of cyclin A, cyclin B1, phospho-pRb, and AKT. DNMT1 inhibition was previously reported to exert a radiosensitizing effect in cancer cells through the repression of DNA repair. We found that THL enhanced radiation-induced clonogenic cell death in MCF-7 cells and decreased the level of DNA double-strand break repair protein, Rad51. Our observations may be the result of DNMT1 downregulation. Due to the fact that DNMT1 inhibition is now a mainstream strategy for anticancer therapy, further clinical trials of THL to confirm its clinical efficacy are warranted.
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Cancer Stem Cells: The Potential Targets of Chinese Medicines and Their Active Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060893. [PMID: 27338343 PMCID: PMC4926427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The pivotal role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in the initiation and progression of malignancies has been rigorously validated, and the specific methods for identifying and isolating the CSCs from the parental cancer population have also been rapidly developed in recent years. This review aims to provide an overview of recent research progress of Chinese medicines (CMs) and their active compounds in inhibiting tumor progression by targeting CSCs. A great deal of CMs and their active compounds, such as Antrodia camphorate, berberine, resveratrol, and curcumin have been shown to regress CSCs, in terms of reversing drug resistance, inducing cell death and inhibiting cell proliferation as well as metastasis. Furthermore, one of the active compounds in coptis, berbamine may inhibit tumor progression by modulating microRNAs to regulate CSCs. The underlying molecular mechanisms and related signaling pathways involved in these processes were also discussed and concluded in this paper. Overall, the use of CMs and their active compounds may be a promising therapeutic strategy to eradicate cancer by targeting CSCs. However, further studies are needed to clarify the potential of clinical application of CMs and their active compounds as complementary and alternative therapy in this field.
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Leigh AB, Cheung HP, Lin LZ, Ng TB, Lao L, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Tong Y, Sze SCW. Comprehensive and Holistic Analysis of HT-29 Colorectal Cancer Cells and Tumor-Bearing Nude Mouse Model: Interactions Among Fractions Derived From the Chinese Medicine Formula Tian Xian Liquid in Effects on Human Colorectal Carcinoma. Integr Cancer Ther 2016; 16:339-350. [PMID: 27261455 PMCID: PMC5759938 DOI: 10.1177/1534735416651969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chinese medicine formula Tian Xian Liquid (TXL) has been used clinically for cancer therapy in China for more than 25 years. However, the comprehensive and holistic effects of its bioactive fractions for various antitumor therapeutic effects have not been unraveled. This is the first study to scientifically elucidate the holistic effect of Chinese medicine formula for treating colon cancer, hence allowing a better understanding of the essence of Chinese medicine formula, through the comparison of the actions of TXL and its functional constituent fractions, including ethyl acetate (EA), butanol (BU), and aqueous (WA) fractions. Tissue-specific proliferative/antiproliferative effects of these fractions on human colorectal carcinoma HT-29 cells and splenocytes were studied by using the MTT assay. Their modulations on the expression of markers of antiproliferation, antimetastasis, reversion of multidrug resistance in treated HT-29 cells were examined with real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis, and their modulations in a xenografted nude mouse model were examined by Western blot analysis. Results revealed that EA fraction slightly inhibited the proliferation of HT-29 cells, but tissue-specifically exerted the most potent antiproliferative effect on splenocytes. On the contrary, only TXL and BU fraction tissue-specifically contributed to the proliferation of splenocytes, but inhibited the proliferation of HT-29 cells. WA fraction exerted the most potent antiproliferative effect on HT-29 cells and also the strongest inhibitory action on tumor size in the nude mouse model in our previous study. In the HT-29 model, TXL and WA fraction exerted the most pronounced effect on upregulation of p21 mRNA and protein; TXL, and EA and WA fractions exerted the effect on downregulation of G1 phase cell cycle protein, cyclin D1 mRNA and protein; EA and BU fractions exerted the most prominent anti-invasive effect on anti-invasion via downregulation of MMP-1 mRNA; TXL potently reversed most multidrug resistance via downregulation of MDR-1 protein. In conclusion, the comprehensive and holistic effects of TXL were demonstrated with ( a) mutual accentuation and mutual enhancement, ( b) mutual counteraction and mutual suppression, and ( c) mutual antagonism among the 3 constituent fractions. Moreover, the design of the present study may lead to further development of more tissue-specific effective drugs with minimal side effects for clinical use in combating carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ho Pan Cheung
- 1 The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Li-Zhu Lin
- 2 First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- 3 The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lixing Lao
- 1 The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yanbo Zhang
- 1 The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhang-Jin Zhang
- 1 The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yao Tong
- 1 The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Tsai CC, Chang YH, Chang CC, Cheng YM, Ou YC, Chien CCC, Hsu YC. Induction of Apoptosis in Endometrial Cancer (Ishikawa) Cells by Pogostemon cablin Aqueous Extract (PCAE). Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:12424-35. [PMID: 26042464 PMCID: PMC4490452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160612424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pogostemon cablin (PC) is a traditional herbal medicine used in the treatment of the common cold, nausea, diarrhea, and even for headaches and fever. However, the mechanisms underlying the anti-proliferative activity of PC in endometrial cancer (EC) cells have yet to be fully elucidated. This study investigated the anticancer effects of an aqueous extract of Pogostemon cablin (PCAE), specifically induced apoptosis in EC (Ishikawa) cells. Proliferation of EC cells following exposure to PCAE was assessed by an MTT assay. DNA content and the induction of cell cycle apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry (FACS Calibur). Protein caspase-3 and, -9 as well as AIF were investigated using Western blot. Our results demonstrate growth inhibition of Ishikawa cells by PCAE. Furthermore, caspase-3 activity caused PCAE-treated cell lines to accumulate in apoptosis. Gene expression profiling (GEP) results further suggest that, in addition to its known effects with regard to EC prevention, PCAE may also exert antitumor activity on established EC cells. Many previous studies have identified the chemo-preventive effects of natural plant materials and the potential role of these materials in chemotherapy. This current study used human EC Ishikawa cells to investigate the anti-tumor effects of PCAE in EC cells. Our results demonstrate that PCAE inhibits the growth of cancer cells and induces apoptosis, which suggests the potential applicability of PCAE as an antitumor agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chou Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Huei Chang
- Innovative Research Center of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 71101, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 71101, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Chang Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, E-Da Hospital, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Min Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 71701, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Che Ou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Chan-Chao Chang Chien
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Chiang Hsu
- Innovative Research Center of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 71101, Taiwan.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 71701, Taiwan.
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Bandara AR, Rapior S, Bhat DJ, Kakumyan P, Chamyuang S, Xu J, Hyde KD. Polyporus umbellatus, an Edible-Medicinal Cultivated Mushroom with Multiple Developed Health-Care Products as Food, Medicine and Cosmetics: A Review. CRYPTOGAMIE MYCOL 2015. [DOI: 10.7872/crym.v36.iss1.2015.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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9
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Park SY, Jung SJ, Ha KC, Sin HS, Jang SH, Chae HJ, Chae SW. Anti-inflammatory effects of Cordyceps mycelium ( Paecilomyces hepiali, CBG-CS-2) in Raw264.7 murine macrophages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 15:7-12. [PMID: 25814919 PMCID: PMC4371127 DOI: 10.1007/s13596-014-0173-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cordyceps (CS) is a traditional Chinese herb with various biological effects that include immune modulation. CBG-CS-2 is a strain, Paecilomyces hepiali, of the Cordyceps spp. The anti-inflammatory effects of CBG-CS-2 were investigated. The water-soluble fraction of CBG-CS-2 has high anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-induced Raw264.7 macrophages. We tested the role of CBG-CS-2 on the anti-inflammation cascade in LPS-stimulated Raw264.7 cells. CBG-CS-2 significantly decreased NO production, iNOS expression, and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in a dose-dependent manner. To investigate the mechanism by which CBG-CS-2 inhibits NO, iNOS, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, we examined the activities of NF-κB and AP-1 in LPS-activated macrophages. The results demonstrate that CBG-CS-2 suppresses the production and expression of NO, iNOS, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-activated macrophages via inhibition of NF-κB and AP-1, which may play an important role in inflammation. These findings suggest that CBG-CS-2 has modulatory effects on the inflammatory system in macrophages, and that it can serve as a useful anti-inflammatory dietary supplement or drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Yeol Park
- Department of Dental Pharmacology and Wonkwang Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 570-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Jung
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods (CTCF2), Chonbuk National University Hospital, 20, Geonjiro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 561-712 Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Chan Ha
- Healthcare Claims & Management Inc., 758, Baekjedaero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 561-832 Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Sig Sin
- CHEBIGEN Inc., 111-18, Wonjangdong-gil, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 561-360 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Jang
- CHEBIGEN Inc., 111-18, Wonjangdong-gil, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 561-360 Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Jung Chae
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, 567 Baekje-daero, deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 561-756 Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Wan Chae
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods (CTCF2), Chonbuk National University Hospital, 20, Geonjiro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 561-712 Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, 567 Baekje-daero, deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 561-756 Republic of Korea
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Burgos L, Lehmann M, Simon D, de Andrade HHR, de Abreu BRR, Nabinger DD, Grivicich I, Juliano VB, Dihl RR. Agents of earthy-musty taste and odor in water: evaluation of cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and toxicogenomics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 490:679-685. [PMID: 24887195 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Considering the limited number of studies on the biological effects on human health of cyanobacterial compounds that cause taste and odor, the present study assessed the cytotoxic and genotoxic potentials of 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) and geosmin (GEO) using the MTT assay and the in vitro comet and cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN-Cyt) assays in human HepG2 cells. The toxicogenomics of genes responsive to DNA damage and metabolization by the exposure of cells to 2-MIB and GEO were also investigated. The results showed that concentrations of 2-MIB and GEO above 100 and 75 μg/mL, respectively, were cytotoxic to HepG2 cells. Doses of 2-MIB (12.5, 25, 50, 75 and 100 μg/mL) and GEO (12.5, 25, 50, and 75 μg/mL) were unable to induce neither DNA damage nor events associated with chromosomal instability. Similarly, no concentration of each compound induced increments in the expression of CDKN1A, GADD45α, MDM2 and TP53 DNA damage responsive genes as well as in CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 metabolizing genes. Although cytotoxicity was observed, concentrations that caused it are much higher than those expected to occur in aquatic environments. Thus, environmentally relevant concentrations of both compounds are not expected to exhibit cytotoxicity or genotoxicity to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonel Burgos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde (PPGBioSaúde), ULBRA, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Lehmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde (PPGBioSaúde), ULBRA, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel Simon
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde (PPGBioSaúde), ULBRA, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Heloisa Helena Rodrigues de Andrade
- Laboratório de Estomatologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bianca Regina Ribas de Abreu
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde (PPGBioSaúde), ULBRA, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Débora Dreher Nabinger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde (PPGBioSaúde), ULBRA, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ivana Grivicich
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde (PPGBioSaúde), ULBRA, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Viviane Berwanger Juliano
- Instituto de Pesquisas Hidráulicas (IPH), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Dihl
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde (PPGBioSaúde), ULBRA, Canoas, RS, Brazil.
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Wang SJ, Zheng CJ, Peng C, Zhang H, Jiang YP, Han T, Qin LP. Plants and cervical cancer: an overview. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2013; 22:1133-56. [PMID: 23789984 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2013.811486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cervical cancer, the second most common gynecological malignant tumor seriously harmful to the health of women, remains a leading cause of cancer-related death for women in developing countries. Although a large amount of scientific research has been reported on plants as a natural source of treatment agents for cervical cancer, it is currently scattered across various publications. A systematic summary and knowledge of future prospects are necessary to facilitate further plant studies for anti-cervical cancer agents. AREAS COVERED This review generalizes and analyzes the current knowledge on the anti-cervical cancer properties and mechanisms involved for plants, and discusses the future prospects for the application of these plants. EXPERT OPINION This review mainly focuses on the plants which have been scientifically tested in vitro and/or in vivo and proved as potential agents for the treatment of cervical cancer. The failure of conventional chemotherapy to reduce mortality as well as serious side effects involved makes natural products ideal candidates for exerting synergism and attenuation effects on anticancer drugs. Although the chemical components and mechanisms of action of natural plants with anti-cervical cancer potential have been investigated, many others remain unknown. More investigations and clinical trials are necessary to make use of these medical plants reasonably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Juan Wang
- Second Military Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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Chia JS, Du JL, Wu MS, Hsu WB, Chiang CP, Sun A, Lu JJY, Wang WB. Fermentation product of soybean, black bean, and green bean mixture induces apoptosis in a wide variety of cancer cells. Integr Cancer Ther 2013; 12:248-56. [PMID: 23027830 DOI: 10.1177/1534735412458828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that soybean fermentation products can act as cancer chemoprevention or therapeutic agents. In this study, the anticancer activities of a fermentation product of soybean, black bean, and green bean mixture (BN999) were investigated. We found that BN999 inhibited the growth of human breast cancer AU565 cells and prostate adenocarcinoma PC-3 cells but not that of normal human cells. BN999 induced apoptosis in various human cancer cells but not in normal human cells. BN999 treatment of AU565 cancer cells resulted in activation of calpain and caspase-8, -9, and -3, suggesting that BN999 induces apoptosis via receptor-, mitochondria-, and endoplasmic reticulum-mediated pathways. Finally, we showed that BN999 inhibited the growth of mouse CT-26 colon cancer xenografts in syngenic BALB/c mice without causing obvious side effects. Together, these data suggest that BN999 has potential to be used as a cancer chemoprevention or therapeutic agent.
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Safety and Efficacy of Tien-Hsien Liquid Practical in Patients with Refractory Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group, Phase IIa Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:803239. [PMID: 22548120 PMCID: PMC3321543 DOI: 10.1155/2012/803239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Tien-Hsien Liquid Practical (THL-P), a Chinese herbal mixture, in patients with refractory metastatic breast cancer, we performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, phase IIa pilot trial. Patients were randomly assigned to either receive THL-P or matching placebo and followed up every 4 weeks for 24 weeks. The primary endpoint was changes in the global health status/quality of life (GHS/QOL) scale. The secondary endpoints were changes in functional and symptom scales, immunomodulating effects, and adverse events. Sixty-three patients were enrolled between June 2009 and June 2011. The intent-to-treat population included 28 patients in the THL-P group and 11 patients in the placebo group. Compared to the placebo group, the THL-P group had significant improvement from baseline to last visit in GHS/QOL (41.7 versus −33.3; P < 0.05), CD3, CD4/CD8, CD19, CD16+56 positive cells (P < 0.05), and higher levels of physical, role, emotional, and cognitive functioning, as well as decreased fatigue and systemic side effects. Treatment-related adverse events were mild constipation and localized itching, and no serious adverse events were reported. THL-P appears to be a safe alternative adjuvant treatment for patients with refractory metastatic breast cancer, as it effectively improves QOL and palliates cancer-related symptoms.
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Chu ESM, Sze SCW, Cheung HP, Wong KL, Liu Q, Ng TB, Tong Y. Differential effects of anti-metastatic mechanism of Tian-Xian liquid (TXL) and its bioactive fractions on human colorectal cancer models. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:403-413. [PMID: 21669277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 04/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF STUDY This study aimed to elucidate and compare the anti-metastatic mechanism of Tian-Xian liquid (TXL) and its bioactive components namely butanol (BU), ethyl-acetate (EA) and aqueous (WA) fractions on human colorectal cancer in vitro (HT-29 cancer cells) and in vivo (nude mouse xenografts). MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-proliferative effects of TXL and its bioactive components in HT-29 cells were determined by MTT assay. Their modulations on the potential angiogenic and metastatic marker expressions on HT-29 cells and xenografts were investigated by real-time PCR and Western blot at transcriptional and translational levels, respectively. For the in vitro study, migration abilities of HT-29 cells were determined using wound healing assay. For the in vivo study, daily measurements of the tumor size and volume of the xenografts were also performed. RESULTS TXL, BU, EA and WA effectively inhibited the proliferation of HT-29 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The IC(50) value of TXL on HT-29 cells was obtained after incubation with 1% (v/v) TXL for 4h; whereas IC(50) values were obtained for the following bioactive components: BU at 1.25% (v/v); EA at 5% (v/v); and WA at 0.3125% (v/v). It was found that 1% (v/v) TXL significantly down-regulated MMP2 and MMP7 expression at both transcriptional and translational levels and it reduced MMP9 and VEGF protein expression in vitro. TXL decreased the metastatic ability of HT-29 cells as demonstrated by wound healing assay. TXL and its bioactive fractions caused no significant changes in the body weight indicating lack of toxicity to the xenografts. CONCLUSIONS In summary, TXL multi-targeted to down-regulate the metastatic markers in both in vitro and in vivo models. However, the effects of its bioactive fractions were not obvious. This study profoundly elucidated the anti-proliferative mechanism of TXL, which is vital for the development of future anti-cancer regime in Chinese medicinal formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S M Chu
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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Yao CJ, Yang CM, Chuang SE, Yan JL, Liu CY, Chen SW, Yan KH, Lai TY, Lai GM. Targeting PML-RARα and Oncogenic Signaling Pathways by Chinese Herbal Mixture Tien-Hsien Liquid in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia NB4 Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:984154. [PMID: 19897545 PMCID: PMC3137877 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tien-Hsien Liquid (THL) is a Chinese herbal mixture that has been used worldwide as complementary treatment for cancer patients in the past decade. Recently, THL has been shown to induce apoptosis in various types of solid tumor cells in vitro. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms have not yet been well elucidated. In this study, we explored the effects of THL on acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) NB4 cells, which could be effectively treated by some traditional Chinese remedies containing arsenic trioxide. The results showed THL could induce G2/M arrest and apoptosis in NB4 cells. Accordingly, the decrease of cyclin A and B1 were observed in THL-treated cells. The THL-induced apoptosis was accompanied with caspase-3 activation and decrease of PML-RARα fusion protein. Moreover, DNA methyltransferase 1 and oncogenic signaling pathways such as Akt/mTOR, Stat3 and ERK were also down-regulated by THL. By using ethyl acetate extraction and silica gel chromatography, an active fraction of THL named as EAS5 was isolated. At about 0.5–1% of the dose of THL, EAS5 appeared to have most of THL-induced multiple molecular targeting effects in NB4 cells. Based on the findings of these multi-targeting effects, THL might be regarding as a complementary and alternative therapeutic agent for refractory APL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Jung Yao
- Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital, Taiwan
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Sze SCW, Wong KL, Liu WK, Ng TB, Wong JH, Cheung HP, Yow CML, Chu ESM, Qing Liu, Hu YM, Tsang KW, Lee WS, Yao Tong. Regulation of p21, MMP-1, and MDR-1 Expression in Human Colon Carcinoma HT29 Cells by Tian Xian Liquid, a Chinese Medicinal Formula, In Vitro and In Vivo. Integr Cancer Ther 2010; 10:58-69. [DOI: 10.1177/1534735410378743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance. Tian-Xian liquid (TXL), a commercially available Chinese medicine decoction, has been used as an anticancer dietary agent for more than 10 years without reported side effects. Aim of the study. The safety and quality consistency of TXL and its mechanisms of action on antiproliferation, antimetastasis, and reversion of multidrug resistance (MDR) regimens were explored. Materials and methods. In this study, an atomic absorption spectrophotometer and reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (HPLC-DAD) were used to evaluate the main toxic elements and the quality consistency among different batches of TXL extracts, respectively. HT29 human colon cancer cell line and tumor-bearing nude mice were used. TXL was provided by China-Japan Feida Union Company Limited. The effect of TXL on in vitro proliferation of HT29 human colon cancer cell line was examined. The percentages of treated cells distributed in different phases of the cell cycles were analyzed by flow cytometry. Antiproliferative effect after treatment with TXL was assessed by determination of the protein levels of p21, cyclinD1, PCNA, and cdk-2, which are the key regulators for cell cycle progression. Meanwhile, the protein levels of MMP-1 and MDR-1 (multidrug resistance protein-1) were also determined to assess the effect of TXL on antimetastasis and reversion of MDR regimen, respectively. Results. The contents of main toxic elements were lower in TXL extract compared with the standard set by the Department of Health of the Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR). Our HPLC results showed that the relative standard deviations of the amount of the 5 standards were less than 5% in different batches of TXL. Immunoblotting analysis revealed a dramatic induction of cyclin kinase inhibitor p21 as well as an inhibition of cyclinD1, PCNA, and cdk-2 in the TXL-treated in vitro models, thereby, impeding cell progression from G1/S phase. Results obtained from the in vivo study also demonstrated that TXL upregulated the protein level of p21 and downregulated the protein levels of MMP-1 and MDR-1. Conclusions. Results obtained from the present investigation not only demonstrate the safety and quality of TXL extract but also demonstrate that TXL possesses antiproliferative and antimetastatic activities and brings about reversion of MDR on HT29 cell and on xenografted tissue in tumor-implanted nude mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C. W. Sze
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kam L. Wong
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wing K. Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Tzi B. Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jack H. Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ho P. Cheung
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Christine M. L. Yow
- Medical Laboratory Science Section, Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ellie S. M. Chu
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Qing Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yong M. Hu
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kam W. Tsang
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wai S. Lee
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yao Tong
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China,
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Liu Q, Tong Y, Sze SCW, Liu WK, Lam L, Chu ESM, Yow CMN. Tian Xian Liquid (TXL) induces apoptosis in HT-29 colon cancer cell in vitro and inhibits tumor growth in vivo. Chin Med 2010; 5:25. [PMID: 20663169 PMCID: PMC2918619 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8546-5-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tian Xian Liquid (TXL) is a Chinese medicine decoction and has been used as an anticancer dietary supplement. The present study aims to investigate the effects of TXL on the apoptosis of HT-29 cells and tumor growth in vivo. Method HT-29 colon cancer cells were treated with gradient dilution of TXL. The mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by JC-1 assay. The release of cytochrome c from mitochondrial and apoptosis-related proteins Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3, 9 were examined by Western blot analysis. HT-29 cells were implanted in nude mice to examine the effects of TXL on tumor growth. Result TXL inhibited HT-29 xenografted model and showed a strong and dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HT-29 cells. Mitochondrial membrane potential was reduced by TXL at the concentration of 0.5% above. For Western blot analysis, an increase in Bax expression and a decrease in Bcl-2 expression were observed in TXL-treated cells. TXL treatment increased the protein level of cleaved casepase-3 and caspase-9, and the release of cytochrome c in cytoplasm was up-regulated as well. Conclusion TXL significantly inhibits cell proliferation in the HT-29 cells and HT-29 xenografted model via the mitochondrial cell death pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Inhibition of metastasis, angiogenesis, and tumor growth by Chinese herbal cocktail Tien-Hsien Liquid. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:175. [PMID: 20429953 PMCID: PMC2880989 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Advanced cancer is a multifactorial disease that demands treatments targeting multiple cellular pathways. Chinese herbal cocktail which contains various phytochemicals may target multiple dys-regulated pathways in cancer cells and thus may provide an alternative/complementary way to treat cancers. Previously we reported that the Chinese herbal cocktail Tien-Hsien Liguid (THL) can specifically induce apoptosis in various cancer cells and have immuno-modulating activity. In this study, we further evaluated the anti-metastatic, anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activities of THL with a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. Methods The migration and invasion of cancer cells and endothelial cells was determined by Boyden chamber transwell assays. The effect of THL on pulmonary metastasis was done by injecting CT-26 colon cancer cells intravenously to syngenic mice. The in vitro and in vivo microvessel formation was determined by the tube formation assay and the Matrigel plug assay, respectively. The in vivo anti-tumor effect of THL was determined by a human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer xenograft model. The expression of metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) was measured by gelatin zymography. The expression of HIF-1α and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 were determined by Western blot. Results THL inhibited the migration and invasion ability of various cancer cells in vitro, decreased the secretion of MMP-2, MMP-9, and uPA and the activity of ERK1/2 in cancer cells, and suppressed pulmonary metastasis of CT-26 cancer cells in syngenic mice. Moreover, THL inhibited the migration, invasion, and tube formation of endothelial cells in vitro, decreased the secretion of MMP-2 and uPA in endothelial cells, and suppressed neovascularization in Matrigel plugs in mice. Besides its inhibitory effect on endothelial cells, THL inhibited hypoxia-induced HIF-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor-A expression in cancer cells. Finally, our results show that THL inhibited the growth of human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer xenografts in NOD-SCID mice. This suppression of tumor growth was associated with decreased microvessel formation and increased apoptosis caused by THL. Conclusion Our data demonstrate that THL had broad-spectra anti-cancer activities and merits further evaluation for its use in cancer therapy.
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Chang TKH. Activation of pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) by herbal medicines. AAPS JOURNAL 2009; 11:590-601. [PMID: 19688601 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-009-9135-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) are transcription factors that control the expression of a broad array of genes involved not only in transcellular transport and biotransformation of many drugs, other xenochemicals, and endogenous substances, such as bile acid, bilirubin, and certain vitamins, but also in various physiological/pathophysiological processes such as lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, and inflammation. Ligands of PXR and CAR are chemicals of diverse structures, including naturally occurring compounds present in herbal medicines. The overall aim of this article is to provide an overview of our current understanding of the role of herbal medicines as modulators of PXR and CAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K H Chang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Lichti-Kaiser K, Staudinger JL. The traditional Chinese herbal remedy tian xian activates pregnane X receptor and induces CYP3A gene expression in hepatocytes. Drug Metab Dispos 2008; 36:1538-45. [PMID: 18474680 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.108.021774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that is activated by a myriad of clinically used compounds and natural products. Activation of PXR in liver regulates the expression genes encoding proteins that are intimately involved in the hepatic uptake, metabolism, and elimination of toxic compounds from our bodies. PXR-mediated herb-drug interactions can have undesirable effects in patients receiving combination therapy. This can be especially important in cancer patients who self-administer over-the-counter herbal remedies together with conventional anticancer chemotherapeutics. Tian xian is a traditional Chinese herbal anticancer remedy that activates human PXR in cell-based reporter gene assays. Moreover, tian xian alters the strength of interaction between the human PXR protein and transcriptional cofactor proteins. A novel line of humanized PXR mice are described and used here to show that tian xian increases expression of Cyp3a11 in primary cultures of rodent hepatocytes. Tian xian also induces expression of CYP3A4 in primary cultures of human hepatocytes. Taken together, these data indicate that coadministration of tian xian is probably contraindicated in patients undergoing anticancer therapy with conventional chemotherapeutic agents. These data are of particular importance due to the fact that this herbal remedy is currently marketed as an adjunct therapy that reduces the side effects of conventional chemotherapy and is available without a prescription. Future studies should be conducted to determine the extent to which coadministration of this Chinese herbal remedy alters the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of conventional anticancer therapy.
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Bakkali F, Averbeck S, Averbeck D, Idaomar M. Biological effects of essential oils--a review. Food Chem Toxicol 2007; 46:446-75. [PMID: 17996351 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.09.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3305] [Impact Index Per Article: 194.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2006] [Revised: 08/23/2007] [Accepted: 09/21/2007] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since the middle ages, essential oils have been widely used for bactericidal, virucidal, fungicidal, antiparasitical, insecticidal, medicinal and cosmetic applications, especially nowadays in pharmaceutical, sanitary, cosmetic, agricultural and food industries. Because of the mode of extraction, mostly by distillation from aromatic plants, they contain a variety of volatile molecules such as terpenes and terpenoids, phenol-derived aromatic components and aliphatic components. In vitro physicochemical assays characterise most of them as antioxidants. However, recent work shows that in eukaryotic cells, essential oils can act as prooxidants affecting inner cell membranes and organelles such as mitochondria. Depending on type and concentration, they exhibit cytotoxic effects on living cells but are usually non-genotoxic. In some cases, changes in intracellular redox potential and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by essential oils can be associated with their capacity to exert antigenotoxic effects. These findings suggest that, at least in part, the encountered beneficial effects of essential oils are due to prooxidant effects on the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bakkali
- Institut Curie-Section de Recherche, UMR2027 CNRS/IC, LCR V28 CEA, Bât. 110, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay cedex, France; Université Abdelmalek Essâadi, Faculté des Sciences, Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé, BP 2121, Tétouan, Morocco
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Tu H, Zhang J, Cheng WZ, Han L, Lu M, Cao HW, Chen FH, Geng Q. Traditional Chinese Medicine intervention for development of hepatocelullar carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B: an analysis of 17 cases. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2005; 13:2389-2391. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v13.i19.2389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the intervention effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) on hepatitis Brelated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
METHODS: Thirty super-high risk patients of HCC were selected from patients with chronic hepatitis B. Seventeen patients were treated with TCM for 2 year, while 13 patients were treated with the routine therapy for chronic hepatitis. The symptoms, signs, tumor markers, serum indexes of liver function, virus loads, and the subtypes of T cells were monitored each month. Ultrasonic B and Computed Tomography were performed regularly.
RESULTS: In TCM group, normalized serum rates of AFP, AFP-L3, and GGT Ⅱ were 86% (6/7), 83% (5/6), and 82% (9/11), respectively. While in the control group, the tumor markers were turned into negative in none of the patients. During the 2 year, the accumulative incidence of HCC in TCM group was significantly lower than that in the control group [12% (2/17) vs 85% (11/13), P < 0.0001].
CONCLUSION: TCM can significantly decrease the levels of HCC markers, and it can also suspend or prevent the progression of HCC.
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