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Gracias S, El Yaalaoui I, Visseaux B, Charpentier C, Descamps D, Martin C, Lermechain F, Plantier JC, Alessandri-Gradt E. In vitro phenotypic susceptibility of HIV-1 non-group M to CCR5 inhibitor (maraviroc): TROPI-CO study. Microbiol Spectr 2024:e0389523. [PMID: 38809042 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03895-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The susceptibility of genetically divergent HIV-1 strains (HIV-1 non-M) from groups O, N, and P to the CCR5 co-receptor antagonist, maraviroc (MVC), was investigated among a large panel of 45 clinical strains, representative of the viral genetic diversity. The results were compared to the reference strains of HIV-1 group M (HIV-1/M) with known tropism. Among the non-M strains, a wide range of phenotypic susceptibilities to MVC were observed. The large majority of HIV-1/O strains (40/42) displayed a high susceptibility to MVC, with median and mean IC50 values of 1.23 and 1.33 nM, respectively, similar to the HIV-1/M R5 strain (1.89 nM). However, the two remaining HIV-1/O strains exhibited a lower susceptibility (IC50 at 482 and 496 nM), in accordance with their dual/mixed (DM) tropism. Interestingly, the two HIV-1/N strains demonstrated varying susceptibility patterns, despite always having relatively low IC50 values (2.87 and 47.5 nM). This emphasized the complexity of determining susceptibility solely based on IC50 values. Our study examined the susceptibility of all HIV-1 non-M groups to MVC and correlated these findings with virus tropism (X4, R5, or DM). The results confirm the critical significance of tropism determination before initiating MVC treatment in patients infected with HIV-1 non-M. Furthermore, we advocate for the consideration of additional parameters, such as the slope of inhibition curves, to provide a more thorough characterization of phenotypic susceptibility profiles. IMPORTANCE Unlike HIV-1 group M, the scarcity of studies on HIV-1 non-M groups (O, N, and P) presents challenges in understanding their susceptibility to antiretroviral treatments, particularly due to their natural resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. The TROPI-CO study logically complements our prior investigations into integrase inhibitors and anti-gp120 efficacy. The largest panel of 45 non-M strains existing so far yielded valuable results on maraviroc (MVC) susceptibility. The significant variations in MVC IC50 reveal a spectrum of susceptibilities, with most strains displaying R5 tropism. Notably, the absence of MVC-resistant strains suggests a potential therapeutic avenue. The study also employs a robust novel cell-based phenotropism assay and identifies distinct groups of susceptibilities based on inhibition curve slopes. Our findings emphasize the importance of determining tropism before initiating MVC and provide crucial insights for selecting effective therapeutic strategies in the delicate context of HIV-1 non-M infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ségolène Gracias
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Université de Caen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, DYNAMICURE UMR 1311, CHU Rouen, Department of virology, Rouen, France
| | - Ikrame El Yaalaoui
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Université de Caen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, DYNAMICURE UMR 1311, CHU Rouen, Department of virology, Rouen, France
| | - Benoît Visseaux
- Service de virologie, IAME, INSERM, UMR 1137, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Charpentier
- Service de virologie, IAME, INSERM, UMR 1137, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Diane Descamps
- Service de virologie, IAME, INSERM, UMR 1137, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Charlène Martin
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Université de Caen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, DYNAMICURE UMR 1311, CHU Rouen, Department of virology, Rouen, France
| | - Fanny Lermechain
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Université de Caen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, DYNAMICURE UMR 1311, CHU Rouen, Department of virology, Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Plantier
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Université de Caen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, DYNAMICURE UMR 1311, CHU Rouen, Department of virology, Rouen, France
| | - Elodie Alessandri-Gradt
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Université de Caen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, DYNAMICURE UMR 1311, CHU Rouen, Department of virology, Rouen, France
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Załęski A, Lembas A, Dyda T, Siwak E, Osińska J, Suchacz M, Stempkowska-Rejek J, Strycharz M, Orzechowska J, Wiercińska-Drapało A. Changes in Primary HIV-1 Drug Resistance Due to War Migration from Eastern Europe. J Immigr Minor Health 2024; 26:15-22. [PMID: 37973713 PMCID: PMC10771373 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-023-01559-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, especially as a result of war in Ukraine, enormous movements of migration to Poland from eastern European countries have been reported, including people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). We have conducted multi-center, prospective study, which aimed to establish HIV-1 subtype and assess the presence of primary drug resistance mutations to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors in antiretroviral treatment naïve patients. The clinical trial recruited 117 individuals during 2 years period (2020-2022). The prevalence of HIV-1 subtype A was statistically significantly more frequent in Ukrainian, and HIV-1 subtype B in Polish patients (p < 0.05). Drug resistance mutations were detected in 44% of all cases and the comparison of presence of mutations in the analyzed groups, as well as in the subgroups of subtype A and B HIV-1 has not revealed any significant differences (p > 0.05), nevertheless Polish patients had multidrug resistance mutations more frequent (p < 0.05). The results from our trial show no increased risk of transmission of multidrug resistant HIV strains in our cohort of Ukrainian migrants.Clinical trials. Gov number NCT04636736; date of registration: November 19, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Załęski
- Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Lembas
- Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Dyda
- Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Siwak
- Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- HIV Out-Patient Clinic, Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Osińska
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Ward in Ostróda, Department of Family Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Magdalena Suchacz
- Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Marta Strycharz
- Clinical Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Justyna Orzechowska
- Clinical Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Medical Sciences, Medical Center in Łańcut, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Alicja Wiercińska-Drapało
- Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Alessandri-Gradt E, Moisan A, Plantier JC. HIV-1 Non-Group M Strains and ART. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030780. [PMID: 36992488 PMCID: PMC10058373 DOI: 10.3390/v15030780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
To eliminate HIV infection, there are several elements to take into account to limit transmission and break viral replication, such as epidemiological, preventive or therapeutic management. The UNAIDS goals of screening, treatment and efficacy should allow for this elimination if properly followed. For some infections, the difficulty is linked to the strong genetic divergence of the viruses, which can impact the virological and therapeutic management of patients. To completely eliminate HIV by 2030, we must therefore also be able to act on these atypical variants (HIV-1 non-group M) which are distinct from the group M pandemic viruses. While this diversity has had an impact on the efficacy of antiretroviral treatment in the past, recent data show that there is real hope of eliminating these forms, while maintaining vigilance and constant surveillance, so as not to allow more divergent and resistant forms to emerge. The aim of this work is therefore to share an update on the current knowledge on epidemiology, diagnosis and antiretroviral agent efficacy of HIV-1 non-M variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Alessandri-Gradt
- Univ Rouen Normandie, UNICAEN, INSERM, DYNAMICURE UMR 1311, and CHU Rouen, Department of Virology, National Reference Center of HIV, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Alice Moisan
- Univ Rouen Normandie, UNICAEN, INSERM, DYNAMICURE UMR 1311, and CHU Rouen, Department of Virology, National Reference Center of HIV, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Plantier
- Univ Rouen Normandie, UNICAEN, INSERM, DYNAMICURE UMR 1311, and CHU Rouen, Department of Virology, National Reference Center of HIV, F-76000 Rouen, France
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Ndashimye E, Reyes PS, Arts EJ. New antiretroviral inhibitors and HIV-1 drug resistance: more focus on 90% HIV-1 isolates? FEMS Microbiol Rev 2023; 47:fuac040. [PMID: 36130204 PMCID: PMC9841967 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Combined HIV antiretroviral therapy (cART) has been effective except if drug resistance emerges. As cART has been rolled out in low-income countries, drug resistance has emerged at higher rates than observed in high income countries due to factors including initial use of these less tolerated cART regimens, intermittent disruptions in drug supply, and insufficient treatment monitoring. These socioeconomic factors impacting drug resistance are compounded by viral mechanistic differences by divergent HIV-1 non-B subtypes compared to HIV-1 subtype B that largely infects the high-income countries (just 10% of 37 million infected). This review compares the inhibition and resistance of diverse HIV-1 subtypes and strains to the various approved drugs as well as novel inhibitors in clinical trials. Initial sequence variations and differences in replicative fitness between HIV-1 subtypes pushes strains through different fitness landscapes to escape from drug selective pressure. The discussions here provide insight to patient care givers and policy makers on how best to use currently approved ART options and reduce the emergence of drug resistance in ∼33 million individuals infected with HIV-1 subtype A, C, D, G, and recombinants forms. Unfortunately, over 98% of the literature on cART resistance relates to HIV-1 subtype B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Ndashimye
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, N6A 3K7, London, Ontario, Canada
- Joint Clinical Research Centre, -Center for AIDS Research Laboratories, 256, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Paul S Reyes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, N6A 3K7, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric J Arts
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, N6A 3K7, London, Ontario, Canada
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CStone: A de novo transcriptome assembler for short-read data that identifies non-chimeric contigs based on underlying graph structure. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009631. [PMID: 34813594 PMCID: PMC8651127 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With the exponential growth of sequence information stored over the last decade, including that of de novo assembled contigs from RNA-Seq experiments, quantification of chimeric sequences has become essential when assembling read data. In transcriptomics, de novo assembled chimeras can closely resemble underlying transcripts, but patterns such as those seen between co-evolving sites, or mapped read counts, become obscured. We have created a de Bruijn based de novo assembler for RNA-Seq data that utilizes a classification system to describe the complexity of underlying graphs from which contigs are created. Each contig is labelled with one of three levels, indicating whether or not ambiguous paths exist. A by-product of this is information on the range of complexity of the underlying gene families present. As a demonstration of CStones ability to assemble high-quality contigs, and to label them in this manner, both simulated and real data were used. For simulated data, ten million read pairs were generated from cDNA libraries representing four species, Drosophila melanogaster, Panthera pardus, Rattus norvegicus and Serinus canaria. These were assembled using CStone, Trinity and rnaSPAdes; the latter two being high-quality, well established, de novo assembers. For real data, two RNA-Seq datasets, each consisting of ≈30 million read pairs, representing two adult D. melanogaster whole-body samples were used. The contigs that CStone produced were comparable in quality to those of Trinity and rnaSPAdes in terms of length, sequence identity of aligned regions and the range of cDNA transcripts represented, whilst providing additional information on chimerism. Here we describe the details of CStones assembly and classification process, and propose that similar classification systems can be incorporated into other de novo assembly tools. Within a related side study, we explore the effects that chimera’s within reference sets have on the identification of differentially expression genes. CStone is available at: https://sourceforge.net/projects/cstone/. Within transcriptome reference sets, non-chimeric sequences are representations of transcribed genes, while artificially generated chimeric ones are mosaics of two or more pieces of DNA incorrectly pieced together. One area where such sets are utilized is in the quantification of gene expression patterns; where RNA-Seq reads are mapped to the sequences within, and subsequent count values reflect expression levels. Artificial chimeras can have a negative impact on count values by erroneously increasing variation in relation to the reads being mapped. Reference sets can be created from de novo assembled contigs, but chimeras can be introduced during the assembly process via the required traversal of graphs, representing gene families, constructed from the RNA-Seq data. Graph complexity determines how likely chimeras will arise. We have created CStone, a de novo assembler that utilizes a classification system to describe such complexity. Contigs created by CStone are labelled in a manner that indicates whether or not they are non-chimeric. This encourages contig dependent results to be presented with increased objectivity by maintaining the context of ambiguity associated with the assembly process. CStone has been tested extensively. Additionally, we have quantified the relationship between chimeras within reference sets and the identification of differentially expressed genes.
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Bártolo I, Santos BS, Fontinha D, Machado M, Francisco D, Sepodes B, Rocha J, Mota-Filipe H, Pinto R, Figueira ME, Barroso H, Nascimento T, Alves de Matos AP, Alves AJS, Alves NG, Simões CJV, Prudêncio M, Pinho e Melo TMVD, Taveira N. Spiro-β-lactam BSS-730A Displays Potent Activity against HIV and Plasmodium. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:421-434. [PMID: 33395253 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The high burden of malaria and HIV/AIDS prevents economic and social progress in developing countries. A continuing need exists for development of novel drugs and treatment regimens for both diseases in order to address the tolerability and long-term safety concerns associated with current treatment options and the emergence of drug resistance. We describe new spiro-β-lactam derivatives with potent (nM) activity against HIV and Plasmodium and no activity against bacteria and yeast. The best performing molecule of the series, BSS-730A, inhibited both HIV-1 and HIV-2 replication with an IC50 of 13 ± 9.59 nM and P. berghei hepatic infection with an IC50 of 0.55 ± 0.14 μM with a clear impact on parasite development. BSS-730A was also active against the erythrocytic stages of P. falciparum, with an estimated IC50 of 0.43 ± 0.04 μM. Time-of-addition studies showed that BSS-730A potentially affects all stages of the HIV replicative cycle, suggesting a complex mechanism of action. BSS-730A was active against multidrug-resistant HIV isolates, with a median 2.4-fold higher IC50 relative to control isolates. BSS-730A was equally active against R5 and X4 HIV isolates and displayed strong synergism with the entry inhibitor AMD3100. BSS-730A is a promising candidate for development as a potential therapeutic and/or prophylactic agent against HIV and Plasmodium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Bártolo
- Instituto de investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bruna S. Santos
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC), Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diana Fontinha
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1648-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta Machado
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1648-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Denise Francisco
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1648-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sepodes
- Instituto de investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Rocha
- Instituto de investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Hélder Mota-Filipe
- Instituto de investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui Pinto
- Instituto de investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria E. Figueira
- Instituto de investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Helena Barroso
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, 2829-511 Monte da Caparica, Portugal
| | - Teresa Nascimento
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, 2829-511 Monte da Caparica, Portugal
| | - António P. Alves de Matos
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, 2829-511 Monte da Caparica, Portugal
| | - Américo J. S. Alves
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC), Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno G. Alves
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC), Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos J. V. Simões
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC), Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Prudêncio
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1648-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Nuno Taveira
- Instituto de investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, 2829-511 Monte da Caparica, Portugal
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Kouanfack C, Unal G, Schaeffer L, Kfutwah A, Aghokeng A, Mougnutou R, Tchemgui-Noumsi N, Alessandri-Gradt E, Delaporte E, Simon F, Vray M, Plantier JC. Comparative Immunovirological and Clinical Responses to Antiretroviral Therapy Between HIV-1 Group O and HIV-1 Group M Infected Patients. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 70:1471-1477. [PMID: 31063537 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about impact of genetic divergence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group O (HIV-1/O) relative to HIV-1 group M (HIV-1/M) on therapeutic outcomes. We aimed to determine if responses to standardized combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) were similar between groups despite strain divergence. METHODS We performed an open nonrandomized study comparing the immunological, virological, and clinical responses to cART based on 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors plus 1 ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor, in naive and paired HIV-1/O vs HIV-1/M infected (+) patients (ratio 1:2), matched on several criteria. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with undetectable plasma viral load (pVL, threshold 60 copies/mL) at week (W) 48. Secondary endpoints were the proportion of patients with undetectable pVL at W24 and W96 and CD4 evolution between baseline and W24, W48, and W96. RESULTS Forty-seven HIV-1/O+ and 94 HIV-1/M+ patients were included. Mean pVL at baseline was significantly lower by 1 log for HIV-1/O+ vs HIV-1/M+ patients. At W48, no significant difference was observed between populations with undetectable pVL and differences at W24 and W96 were not significant. A difference in CD4 gain was observed in favor of HIV-1/M at W48 and W96, but this was not significant when adjusted on both matched criteria and pVL at baseline. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate similar immunovirological and clinical response between HIV-1/O+ and HIV-1/M+ patients. They also reveal significantly lower baseline replication for HIV-1/O variants, suggesting specific virological properties and physiopathology that now need to be addressed. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT00658346.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Kouanfack
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Yaoundé Central Hospital, Cameroon
| | - Guillemette Unal
- Normandy Université, Université de Rouen Normandie, Groupe de Recherche sur l'Adaptation Microbienne, EA Rouen University Hospital, Laboratory of Virology associated with the National Reference Centre for HIV
| | - Laura Schaeffer
- Unit of Epidemiology of Emerging Diseases, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Avelin Aghokeng
- Recherche Translationnelle sur le VIH et les Maladies Infectieuses, University of Montpellier, Institut de Recherche et pour le Développement, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
| | - Rose Mougnutou
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Yaoundé Central Hospital, Cameroon
| | - Nathalie Tchemgui-Noumsi
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Yaoundé Central Hospital, Cameroon
| | - Elodie Alessandri-Gradt
- Normandy Université, Université de Rouen Normandie, Groupe de Recherche sur l'Adaptation Microbienne, EA Rouen University Hospital, Laboratory of Virology associated with the National Reference Centre for HIV
| | - Eric Delaporte
- Recherche Translationnelle sur le VIH et les Maladies Infectieuses, University of Montpellier, Institut de Recherche et pour le Développement, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
| | - François Simon
- Faculty of Medicine Paris Diderot, University Hospital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Muriel Vray
- Unit of Epidemiology of Emerging Diseases, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Plantier
- Normandy Université, Université de Rouen Normandie, Groupe de Recherche sur l'Adaptation Microbienne, EA Rouen University Hospital, Laboratory of Virology associated with the National Reference Centre for HIV
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Virological response to integrase strand transfer inhibitor-based antiretroviral combinations in HIV-1 group O-infected patients. AIDS 2019; 33:1327-1333. [PMID: 30950879 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
: Although integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) are widely used in HIV-1 group M (HIV-1/M) infections, little is known about their efficacy against genetically divergent HIV-1 group O (HIV-1/O) strains. Previous phenotypic works have demonstrated the variable susceptibility of HIV-1/O strains, depending on INSTI drugs. Clinical data are very limited and obtained from a few patients. OBJECTIVES To investigate the virological success rate of an INSTI-based combination of antiretroviral therapy (cART) in a large population of HIV-1/O-infected patients, and to describe resistance-associated mutations (RAM) at virological failure. METHODS The virological response of 39 patients receiving INSTI-based cART during their follow-up was analysed i) at the last point of the first INSTI initiation and ii) at their most recent visit. RAM analysis was performed at virological failures. Resistance interpretation was based on the French National Agency of Research on AIDS and viral hepatitis (ANRS) rules. RESULTS Virological success at both time points of analysis was high, with more than 87% of the patients with undetectable plasma viral load. Among the six patients with virological failure, three selected RAM described for HIV-1/M resistance, and two had already RAM, before INSTI initiation. CONCLUSION Our results show that HIV-1/O infected patients receiving INSTI-based cART presented a high rate of virological success whatever their previous lines; we have also shown that resistance rules for HIV-1/M could be considered when failure occurs. These data are of importance especially in the context of WHO recommendations for a wider use of this class.
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Alessandri-Gradt E, Collin G, Tourneroche A, Bertine M, Leoz M, Charpentier C, Unal G, Descamps D, Plantier JC. HIV-1 non-group M phenotypic susceptibility to integrase strand transfer inhibitors. J Antimicrob Chemother 2018; 72:2431-2437. [PMID: 28859447 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To determine natural phenotypic susceptibility of non-group M HIV-1 to integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) in a large panel of 39 clinical strains from groups O, N and P and to identify genotypic polymorphisms according to susceptibility levels. Methods Susceptibility to raltegravir, elvitegravir and dolutegravir was evaluated in 36 HIV-1/O, 2 HIV-1/N and 1 HIV-1/P strains plus an HIV-1/M reference strain. IC50 values were determined after 3 days, and fold changes (FCs) were calculated relative to the HIV-1/M strain. Genotypic polymorphism was determined by amplification of codons 19-263 of the integrase; the natural occurrence of resistance-associated mutations was analysed using the main resistance algorithms and the IAS-USA list. VESPA analysis of the strain sequences was used to determine a signature pattern associated with higher FC. Results Similar IC50 results were observed for the three drugs. Based on the value for the HIV-1/M reference strain, the data showed FC values <2.5 for raltegravir and dolutegravir, whereas the distribution for elvitegravir was heterogeneous, with FC > 10 for six strains (15%). Analysis of the non-M integrase sequences showed a high level of polymorphism without a major genotypic impact; it also revealed mutations that may be associated with the highest FC values obtained for elvitegravir. Conclusions Our phenotypic data showed that non-M strains are globally susceptible to the three currently used INSTIs, but the impact of the high FC values observed for some strains with elvitegravir needs to be explored. Clinical data are now needed to confirm these phenotypic results.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Alessandri-Gradt
- Normandie Univ., UNIROUEN, EA2656, GRAM, CHU de Rouen, Laboratoire de Virologie associé au CNR du VIH, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - G Collin
- IAME, UMR 1137, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75018 Paris, France.,IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, F-75018 Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Laboratoire de Virologie, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - A Tourneroche
- Normandie Univ., UNIROUEN, EA2656, GRAM, CHU de Rouen, Laboratoire de Virologie associé au CNR du VIH, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - M Bertine
- IAME, UMR 1137, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75018 Paris, France.,IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, F-75018 Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Laboratoire de Virologie, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - M Leoz
- Normandie Univ., UNIROUEN, EA2656, GRAM, CHU de Rouen, Laboratoire de Virologie associé au CNR du VIH, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - C Charpentier
- IAME, UMR 1137, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75018 Paris, France.,IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, F-75018 Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Laboratoire de Virologie, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - G Unal
- Normandie Univ., UNIROUEN, EA2656, GRAM, CHU de Rouen, Laboratoire de Virologie associé au CNR du VIH, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - D Descamps
- IAME, UMR 1137, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75018 Paris, France.,IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, F-75018 Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Laboratoire de Virologie, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - J C Plantier
- Normandie Univ., UNIROUEN, EA2656, GRAM, CHU de Rouen, Laboratoire de Virologie associé au CNR du VIH, F-76000 Rouen, France
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Differences among HIV-1 subtypes in drug resistance against integrase inhibitors. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 46:286-291. [PMID: 27353185 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Three integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs), raltegravir (RAL), elvitegravir (EVG) and dolutegravir (DTG), have been approved by the FDA. Resistance against these three INSTIs have been reported and cross-resistance among them has been documented. Due to extensive and dynamic genetic diversity in different HIV-1 variants, significant differences in susceptibility to the INSTIs have been observed among HIV subtypes. This review summarizes what is known about this topic and discusses possible clinical implications.
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