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Tokunou T, Yoshikawa T, Yoshioka Y, Ando SI. The relationships between intermittent hypoxia and oxidative stress in patients with sleep apnea syndrome. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2024; 22:499-504. [PMID: 39300984 PMCID: PMC11408442 DOI: 10.1007/s41105-024-00537-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Intermittent hypoxia in sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) patients increases the oxidative stress and can cause serious cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension or atherosclerotic diseases through endothelial dysfunction. The evaluation of risk caused by oxidative stress, however, is not easy in a clinical setting. Thus, we intended to evaluate the changes in oxidative stress by SAS treatment using a simple method that can be easily used in the clinical testing. We enrolled 42 consecutive newly diagnosed severe SAS patients (30 men). Reactive oxygen species metabolites (d-ROMs) for oxidative stress and biological antioxidant (BAP) in blood samples were estimated using FREE Carrio Duo® before and 3 months after continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. SAS parameters were obtained by polysomnography before CPAP and endothelial function was measured twice as well. The body mass index and apnea hypopnea index (AHI) were 29.1 ± 5.3 and 57.9 ± 19.7/h. The d-ROMs and BAP were 317.4 ± 71.8 CARR U and 2121.2 ± 299.6 μmol/L. Although no significant correlation was found between hypoxia parameters and d-ROMs or BAP before CPAP treatment, we found a significant negative correlation between basal AHI or basal oxygen desaturation index representing intermittent hypoxia and the change in d-ROMs (r = - 0.31, p = 0.046/r = - 0.33, p = 0.03) and between the change in SpO2 < 90% duration (min) representing continuous hypoxia and the change in BAP (r = - 0.35, p = 0.03) after CPAP treatment. The changes in d-ROM and BAP might reflect the different kind of reduction of oxidative stress by CPAP treatment and, thus, can be used as handy indicators of the treatment effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotake Tokunou
- Division of Basic Medical Science and Fundamental Nursing, Department of Nursing, Fukuoka Nursing College, 2-15-1, Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193 Japan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Yasuko Yoshioka
- Sleep Apnea Center, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
- Sleep Medicine Center, Saiseikai Futsukaichi Hospital, Chikushino, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Ando
- Sleep Apnea Center, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
- Sleep Medicine Center, Saiseikai Futsukaichi Hospital, Chikushino, Japan
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Bruehl S, Milne G, Polkowski G, Shinar A, Anderson S, Mishra P, Larach DB, Martin R, Billings FT. Oxidative stress mediates associations between preoperative psychosocial phenotype and pain-related outcomes at 6 months following total knee arthroplasty: a longitudinal cohort study. PAIN MEDICINE (MALDEN, MASS.) 2024; 25:71-77. [PMID: 37651583 PMCID: PMC10765146 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnad120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Greater preoperative depression, anxiety, and pain catastrophizing are associated with more severe long-term pain following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). In a secondary analysis of previously reported data, we tested the hypothesis that these associations are mediated by oxidative stress (OS). DESIGN A mixed between/within-subjects longitudinal cohort design. SETTING A single academic medical center. SUBJECTS Osteoarthritis patients (n = 91; 62.6% female) undergoing unilateral TKA. METHODS We assessed depression, anxiety, and catastrophizing, as well as markers of central sensitization (widespread pain, temporal summation of pain) preoperatively. Blood samples were then obtained immediately prior to intraoperative tourniquet placement for quantification of in vivo biomarkers of systemic OS, F2-isoprostanes and isofurans. Post-TKA pain intensity (numeric rating scale worst pain [NRS], McGill Pain Questionnaire-2 [MPQ-2]) and function (PROMIS Pain Interference) were assessed at 6 months following TKA. RESULTS Greater preoperative depression, catastrophizing, and widespread pain were associated with higher intraoperative combined OS (F2-isoprostanes+isofurans/2), which was in turn associated with higher post-TKA pain intensity and worse function (P < .05). All preoperative phenotype predictors except anxiety were correlated positively with post-TKA pain and/or function (P < .05). Bootstrapped mediation analyses revealed significant (P < .05) indirect (mediated) effects of depression (NRS Worst Pain, MPQ-2, PROMIS Pain Interference), anxiety (MPQ-2, PROMIS Pain Interference), and catastrophizing (PROMIS Pain Interference) on adverse long-term post-TKA outcomes via elevated OS. Central sensitization-related predictors demonstrated only direct effects (P < .05) on post-TKA outcomes that were independent of OS mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that the adverse impact of depression, anxiety, and pain catastrophizing on post-TKA pain and functional outcomes are mediated in part by elevated OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Bruehl
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, United States
| | - Ginger Milne
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, United States
| | - Gregory Polkowski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, United States
| | - Andrew Shinar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, United States
| | - Sara Anderson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, United States
| | - Puneet Mishra
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, United States
| | - Daniel B Larach
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, United States
| | - Ryan Martin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, United States
| | - Frederic T Billings
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, United States
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Bruehl S, Milne G, Schildcrout J, Shi Y, Anderson S, Shinar A, Polkowski G, Mishra P, Billings FT. Perioperative oxidative stress predicts subsequent pain-related outcomes in the 6 months after total knee arthroplasty. Pain 2023; 164:111-118. [PMID: 35507374 PMCID: PMC9633585 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is effective for pain reduction in most patients, but 15% or more report unsatisfactory long-term pain outcomes. We tested whether oxidative stress (OS) related to extended tourniquet application during TKA and subsequent ischemic reperfusion (IR) contributed to adverse post-TKA pain outcomes. Blood samples were obtained in 91 patients with osteoarthritis (63% female) undergoing TKA before tourniquet placement (T1), 45 minutes after tourniquet inflation (T2), and 15 minutes after tourniquet removal (T3). Plasma levels of F 2 -isoprostanes and isofurans, the most specific measures of in vivo OS, were quantified. Pain intensity and function were assessed at baseline and again at 6 weeks and 6 months after TKA. Results indicated that higher Combined OS (F 2 -isoprostanes + isofurans/2) at T1 baseline and larger increases in Combined OS from T1 to T2 were associated with higher baseline-corrected past 24-hour worst and average pain intensity (numeric rating scale) and higher past week McGill Pain Questionnaire-2 total scores at 6-month follow-up ( P 's < 0.05). Increases in Combined OS from T1 to T3, which should most directly capture OS and IR injury related to tourniquet use, were not associated with short-term or long-term post-TKA pain outcomes. Longer ischemia duration was unexpectedly associated with lower baseline-corrected pain intensity at 6-month follow-up. Combined OS was not linked to functional outcomes at either follow-up. Elevated perioperative OS seems to exert small but significant adverse effects on long-term post-TKA pain outcomes, although this OS seems unrelated to IR injury associated with extended tourniquet use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Bruehl
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ginger Milne
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jonathan Schildcrout
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yaping Shi
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sara Anderson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Andrew Shinar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gregory Polkowski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Puneet Mishra
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Frederic T. Billings
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Halliwell B. Reflections of an Aging Free Radical Part 2: Meeting Inspirational People. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 38:792-802. [PMID: 35651275 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: During my long career in the field of redox biology, I met many inspiring people, especially Lester Packer. Recent Advances: This special issue of Antioxidants & Redox Signaling is dedicated to Lester Packer. Critical Issues: In this short review, I explore how Lester and other pioneers helped to develop the redox biology field and how I interacted with them. Future Directions: In our research to advance the field of redox biology, we stand on the shoulders of giants, including Lester Packer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry Halliwell
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Bruehl S, Milne G, Schildcrout J, Shi Y, Anderson S, Shinar A, Polkowski G, Mishra P, Billings FT. Oxidative stress is associated with characteristic features of the dysfunctional chronic pain phenotype. Pain 2022; 163:786-794. [PMID: 34382610 PMCID: PMC8807797 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The dysfunctional chronic pain (Dysfunctional CP) phenotype is an empirically identifiable CP subtype with unclear pathophysiological mechanisms that cuts across specific medical CP diagnoses. This study tested whether the multidimensional pain and psychosocial features that characterize the dysfunctional CP phenotype are associated broadly with elevated oxidative stress (OS). Measures of pain intensity, bodily extent of pain, catastrophizing cognitions, depression, anxiety, sleep disturbance, pain interference, and function were completed by 84 patients with chronic osteoarthritis before undergoing total knee arthroplasty. Blood samples were obtained at the initiation of surgery before incision or tourniquet placement. Plasma levels of F2-isoprostanes and isofurans, the most highly specific measures of in vivo OS, were quantified using gas chromatography/negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. The results indicated that controlling for differences in age, sex, and body mass index, higher overall OS (mean of isoprostanes and isofurans) was associated with significantly (P < 0.05) greater pain intensity, more widespread pain, greater depressive symptoms and pain catastrophizing, higher pain interference, and lower function. OS measures were not significantly associated with sleep disturbance or anxiety levels (P >0.10). The results build on prior case-control findings suggesting that presence of a CP diagnosis is associated with elevated OS, highlighting that it may specifically be individuals displaying characteristics of the dysfunctional CP phenotype who are characterized by elevated OS. Clinical implications of these findings remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Bruehl
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ginger Milne
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jonathan Schildcrout
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yaping Shi
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sara Anderson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Andrew Shinar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gregory Polkowski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Puneet Mishra
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Frederic T. Billings
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Guzel S, Cai CL, Aranda JV, Beharry KD. Dose Response of Bumetanide on Aquaporins and Angiogenesis Biomarkers in Human Retinal Endothelial Cells Exposed to Intermittent Hypoxia. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14100967. [PMID: 34681190 PMCID: PMC8538009 DOI: 10.3390/ph14100967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are important for regulating cellular water, solute transport, and balance. Recently, AQPs have also been recognized as playing a key role in cell migration and angiogenesis. In the retina, hypoxia induces vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent angiogenic and vascular permeability factor, resulting in retinal edema, which is facilitated by AQPs. Bumetanide is a diuretic agent and AQP 1–4 blocker. We tested the hypothesis that bumetanide suppression of AQPs ameliorates intermittent hypoxia (IH)-induced angiogenesis and oxidative stress in human microvascular retinal endothelial cells (HMRECs). HMRECs were treated with a low-dose (0.05 µg/mL) or high-dose (0.2 µg/mL) of bumetanide and were exposed to normoxia (Nx), hyperoxia (50% O2), or IH (50% O2 with brief hypoxia 5% O2) for 24, 48, and 72 h. Angiogenesis and oxidative stress biomarkers were determined in the culture media, and the cells were assessed for tube formation capacity and AQP-1 and -4 expression. Both doses of bumetanide significantly decreased oxidative stress and angiogenesis biomarkers. This response was reflected by reductions in tube formation capacity and AQP expression. These findings confirm the role of AQPs in retinal angiogenesis. Therapeutic targeting of AQPs with bumetanide may be advantageous for IH-induced aberrant retinal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Guzel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (S.G.); (C.L.C.); (J.V.A.)
| | - Charles L. Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (S.G.); (C.L.C.); (J.V.A.)
| | - Jacob V. Aranda
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (S.G.); (C.L.C.); (J.V.A.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
- State University of New York Eye Institute, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Kay D. Beharry
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (S.G.); (C.L.C.); (J.V.A.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
- State University of New York Eye Institute, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(718)-270-1475
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Hashizume N, Tanaka Y, Asagiri K, Fukahori S, Ishii S, Saikusa N, Yoshida M, Tanikawa K, Asakawa T, Yagi M. Perioperative reactive oxygen species in infants with biliary atresia: A retrospective observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e21332. [PMID: 32756118 PMCID: PMC7402746 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biliary atresia (BA) is a devastating cholestatic disorder of infants that presents during the first several months after birth due to an idiopathic obstruction to the bile flow. Without prompt diagnosis, Kasai portoenterostomy, and deliberate follow-ups, the resulting cholestasis leads to progressive hepatic failure. Oxidative stress is an abnormal phenomenon inside cells or tissues caused by a disturbance in the reactive oxygen species (ROS). We aimed to measure perioperative ROS in BA patients.Data are presented as median (25th, 75th percentiles). We evaluated 15 BA patients (age 55 [48, 69] days) and measured ROS; serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), urinary 8-iso prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) preoperatively and 30 days later to compare values with serum liver function tests and histologic grades of liver cholestasis. For compared BA patients, 4 normal subjects as control group (age 55 [27, 75] days) measured ROS and serum liver function tests.In BA patients, the preoperative serum SOD was 6.1 IU/mL (4.7, 7.2), urinary 8-iso-PGF2α was 1969 pg/mg Cre (1697, 2374), and urinary 8-OHdG was 37.1 ng/mg Cre (33.1, 53.7). At the postoperative day 30, the serum SOD was 5.2 IU/mL (4.2, 6.7), urinary 8-iso-PGF2α was 1761 pg/mg Cre (1256, 3036), and urinary 8-OHdG was 42.1 ng/mg Cre (29.65, 72.64). In ROS, there were no significant differences between the 2 periods. In control group, urinary 8-iso-PGF2α was significantly lower than that in preoperative BA patient group. However, other ROS were not significant differences between control group and BA patient group. The concentration of urinary 8-iso-PGF2α was positively correlated with total bilirubin and direct bilirubin levels (preoperatively: r = 0.6921, P = .0042 and r = 0.6639, P = .007, postoperatively: r = 0.6036, P = .0172 and r = 0.6464, P = .0092, respectively). The preoperative ROS were not correlated with histologic grades of liver cholestasis. Various factors such as liver inflammation, lipid malabsorption, and tissue disorders due to jaundice might affect the antioxidant activity and elevated urinary 8-iso-PGF2α. However, at least until 30 days later, urinary 8-OHdG as oxidative DNA damage might persist after the operation whether the cholestasis improved or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Hashizume
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Yoshiaki Tanaka
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine
- Division of Medical Safety Management, Kurume University Hospital
| | - Kimio Asagiri
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, St Mary's Hospital
| | - Suguru Fukahori
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Shinji Ishii
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Nobuyuki Saikusa
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Motomu Yoshida
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Ken Tanikawa
- Departments of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Asakawa
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, St Mary's Hospital
| | - Minoru Yagi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine
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Beharry KD, Cai CL, Valencia GB, Lazzaro D, Valencia AM, Salomone F, Aranda JV. Human retinal endothelial cells and astrocytes cultured on 3-D scaffolds for ocular drug discovery and development. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2018; 134:93-107. [PMID: 28923362 PMCID: PMC5803320 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Topical ocular ketorolac improves the outcomes of severe retinopathy of prematurity and when administered with systemic caffeine, decreases the severity of oxygen-induced retinopathy. We tested the hypothesis that co-cultures of human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) and human retinal astrocytes (HRAs) on 3-dimensional (3-D) hydrogel scaffolds is a more representative biomimetic paradigm of the blood-retinal-barrier (BRB) than 2-D cultures, and should be utilized for preclinical drug discovery and development. Mono- and co-cultures of HRECs and HRAs were treated with standard doses of ketorolac, ibuprofen, and/or caffeine, and exposed to hyperoxia, intermittent hypoxia (IH), or normoxia on 2-D surfaces or 3-D biodegradable hydrogel scaffolds (AlgiMatrix or Geltrex). Media and cells were collected at 72h post treatment for arachidonic acid metabolites. Cells cultured on 3-D scaffolds exhibited less oxidative stress and variability in drug responses. HRAs enhanced the responses of HRECs to drugs and changes in oxygen environment. PGE2 and PGI2 were the predominant prostanoids produced in response to IH, reflecting COX-2 immunoreactivity. We conclude that HRECs and HRAs co-cultured on 3-D scaffolds may recapitulate drug responses of the dynamic BRB and therefore should be implemented for preclinical ocular drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay D Beharry
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA; SUNY Eye Institute, NY, NY, USA.
| | - Charles L Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Gloria B Valencia
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Douglas Lazzaro
- Department of Ophthalmology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA; SUNY Eye Institute, NY, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Jacob V Aranda
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA; SUNY Eye Institute, NY, NY, USA
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Jump DB, Lytle KA, Depner CM, Tripathy S. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as a treatment strategy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 181:108-125. [PMID: 28723414 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obese and type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients have a high prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is a continuum of chronic liver diseases ranging from benign hepatosteatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and primary hepatocellular cancer (HCC). Because of its strong association with the obesity epidemic, NAFLD is rapidly becoming a major public health concern worldwide. Surprisingly, there are no FDA approved NAFLD therapies; and current therapies focus on the co-morbidities associated with NAFLD, namely, obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. The goal of this review is to provide background on the disease process, discuss human studies and preclinical models that have examined treatment options. We also provide an in-depth rationale for the use of dietary ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω3 PUFA) supplements as a treatment option for NAFLD. This focus is based on recent studies indicating that NASH patients and preclinical mouse models of NASH have low levels of hepatic C20-22 ω3 PUFA. This decline in hepatic PUFA may account for the major phenotypic features associated with NASH, including steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis. Finally, our discussion will address the strengths and limitations of ω3 PUFA supplements use in NAFLD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald B Jump
- Molecular Nutrition and Diabetes Research Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States.
| | - Kelli A Lytle
- Molecular Nutrition and Diabetes Research Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
| | - Christopher M Depner
- Molecular Nutrition and Diabetes Research Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
| | - Sasmita Tripathy
- Molecular Nutrition and Diabetes Research Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
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Le CN, Hulgan T, Tseng CH, Milne GL, Lake JE. Urine Eicosanoids in the Metabolic Abnormalities, Telmisartan, and HIV Infection (MATH) Trial. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170515. [PMID: 28118376 PMCID: PMC5261803 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Arachidonic acid metabolites (eicosanoids) reflect oxidative stress and vascular health and have been associated with anthropometric measures and sex differences in cross-sectional analyses of HIV-infected (HIV+) persons. Telmisartan is an angiotensin receptor blocker and PPAR-γ agonist with potential anti-inflammatory and metabolic benefits. We assessed telmisartan's effects on urine eicosanoids among HIV+ adults with central adiposity on suppressive antiretroviral therapy enrolled in a prospective clinical trial. METHODS Thirty-five HIV+ adults (15 women; 20 men) completed 24 weeks of open-label oral telmisartan 40mg daily. Lumbar computed tomography quantified visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) abdominal adipose tissue. Urine F2-isoprostane (F2-IsoP), prostaglandin E2 (PGE-M), prostacyclin (PGI-M), and thromboxane B2 (TxB-M) were quantified at baseline and 24 weeks using gas/liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Mann-Whitney-U tests compared sub-group differences; Spearman's rho assessed correlations between clinical factors and eicosanoid levels. RESULTS Median PGE-M increased on telmisartan (p<0.01), with greater changes in men (+4.1 [p = 0.03] vs. +1.0 ng/mg cr in women; between-group p = 0.25) and participants losing >5% VAT (+3.7 ng/mg cr, p<0.01) and gaining >5% SAT (+1.7 ng/mg cr, p = 0.04). Median baseline F2-IsoP and TxB-M were slightly higher in women (both between-group p = 0.08) and did not change on telmisartan. CONCLUSIONS Urine PGE-M increased with 24 weeks of telmisartan in virally suppressed, HIV+ adults with central adiposity. Associations with favorable fat redistribution suggest increased PGE-M may reflect a beneficial response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine N. Le
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Todd Hulgan
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Chi-Hong Tseng
- University of California-Los Angeles, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ginger L. Milne
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jordan E. Lake
- University of California-Los Angeles, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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Roberts RA, Aschner M, Calligaro D, Guilarte TR, Hanig JP, Herr DW, Hudzik TJ, Jeromin A, Kallman MJ, Liachenko S, Lynch JJ, Miller DB, Moser VC, O'Callaghan JP, Slikker W, Paule MG. Translational Biomarkers of Neurotoxicity: A Health and Environmental Sciences Institute Perspective on the Way Forward. Toxicol Sci 2016; 148:332-40. [PMID: 26609132 PMCID: PMC4659531 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotoxicity has been linked to a number of common drugs and chemicals, yet efficient and accurate methods to detect it are lacking. There is a need for more sensitive and specific biomarkers of neurotoxicity that can help diagnose and predict neurotoxicity that are relevant across animal models and translational from nonclinical to clinical data. Fluid-based biomarkers such as those found in serum, plasma, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have great potential due to the relative ease of sampling compared with tissues. Increasing evidence supports the potential utility of fluid-based biomarkers of neurotoxicity such as microRNAs, F2-isoprostanes, translocator protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1, myelin basic protein, microtubule-associated protein-2, and total tau. However, some of these biomarkers such as those in CSF require invasive sampling or are specific to one disease such as Alzheimer’s, while others require further validation. Additionally, neuroimaging methodologies, including magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and positron emission tomography, may also serve as potential biomarkers and have several advantages including being minimally invasive. The development of biomarkers of neurotoxicity is a goal shared by scientists across academia, government, and industry and is an ideal topic to be addressed via the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) framework which provides a forum to collaborate on key challenging scientific topics. Here we utilize the HESI framework to propose a consensus on the relative potential of currently described biomarkers of neurotoxicity to assess utility of the selected biomarkers using a nonclinical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A Roberts
- *ApconiX, BioHub at Alderley Park, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK;
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - David Calligaro
- Eli Lilly & Co., Pharmacology/Toxicology Research Lilly Research Labs, A Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | | | - Joseph P Hanig
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993
| | - David W Herr
- US EPA, Toxicology Assessment Division, NHEERL, Research Triangle Park, North Carolona 27711
| | | | | | - Mary J Kallman
- Covance, Inc., 8211 SciCor Drive, Indianapolis, Indiana 46214
| | - Serguei Liachenko
- **U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079
| | | | - Diane B Miller
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505; and
| | - Virginia C Moser
- US EPA, Toxicology Assessment Division, NHEERL, Research Triangle Park, North Carolona 27711
| | - James P O'Callaghan
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505; and
| | - William Slikker
- **U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079
| | - Merle G Paule
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505; and
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Pappas-Gogos G, Tellis CC, Trypsianis G, Tsimogiannis KE, Tsimoyiannis EC, Simopoulos CE, Pitiakoudis M, Tselepis AD. Oxidative stress in multi-port and single-port cholecystectomy. J Surg Res 2014; 194:101-6. [PMID: 25438954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed to analyze and compare plasma levels of 8-isoprostane (8-epiPGF2α), a biomarker of lipid peroxidation, and uric acid (UA), a marker of the antioxidant status, in standard laparoscopic (LC) and laparoendoscopic single-site cholecystectomy (LSSC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty patients with noncomplicated cholelithiasis were randomized to undergo either LSSC (n = 20) or LC (n = 20). The patients had body mass index <30, American Society of Anesthesiologists score I or II, and no previous upper gastrointestinal surgery. Blood samples were taken preoperatively and 6 h and 24 h postoperatively. Levels of 8-epiPGF2α were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, whereas levels of UA were calculated using automated analyzer. RESULTS No significant differences were observed in operative data among the groups. Levels of 8-epiPGF2α were significantly higher in LSSC compared with LC at 6 h (P = 0.003) and 24 h (P < 0.001). 8-epiPGF2α levels showed significant changes over time in LC (LSSC: P = 0.720, LC: P < 0.001). UA levels were significantly higher in LC compared with LSSC, 24 h postoperatively (P = 0.021). No significant changes over time in the UA levels in both groups (LSSC: P = 0.056, LC: P = 0.205). CONCLUSIONS LSSC is associated with increased oxidative stress compared with LC. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Pappas-Gogos
- Department of Surgery, "G. Hatzikosta" General Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Constantinos C Tellis
- Chemistry Department, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Ioannina University, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Grigorios Trypsianis
- Department of Statistics, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Michael Pitiakoudis
- Department of Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Alexandros D Tselepis
- Chemistry Department, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Ioannina University, Ioannina, Greece
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Urinary eicosanoid metabolites in HIV-infected women with central obesity switching to raltegravir: an analysis from the women, integrase, and fat accumulation trial. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:803095. [PMID: 24991090 PMCID: PMC4058804 DOI: 10.1155/2014/803095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of HIV infection. Eicosanoids reflect inflammation, oxidant stress, and vascular health and vary by sex and metabolic parameters. Raltegravir (RAL) is an HIV-1 integrase inhibitor that may have limited metabolic effects. We assessed urinary F2-isoprostanes (F2-IsoPs), prostaglandin E2 (PGE-M), prostacyclin (PGI-M), and thromboxane B2 (TxB2) in HIV-infected women switching to RAL-containing antiretroviral therapy (ART). Thirty-seven women (RAL = 17; PI/NNRTI = 20) with a median age of 43 years and BMI 32 kg/m2 completed week 24. TxB2 increased in the RAL versus PI/NNRTI arm (+0.09 versus −0.02; P = 0.06). Baseline PGI-M was lower in the RAL arm (P = 0.005); no other between-arm cross-sectional differences were observed. In the PI/NNRTI arm, 24-week visceral adipose tissue change correlated with PGI-M (rho = 0.45; P = 0.04) and TxB2 (rho = 0.44; P = 0.005) changes, with a trend seen for PGE-M (rho = 0.41; P = 0.07). In an adjusted model, age ≥ 50 years (N = 8) was associated with increased PGE-M (P = 0.04). In this randomized trial, a switch to RAL did not significantly affect urinary eicosanoids over 24 weeks. In women continuing PI/NNRTI, increased visceral adipose tissue correlated with increased PGI-M and PGE-M. Older age (≥50) was associated with increased PGE-M. Relationships between aging, adiposity, ART, and eicosanoids during HIV-infection require further study.
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Raptis V, Georgianos PI, Sarafidis PA, Sioulis A, Makedou K, Makedou A, Grekas DM, Kapoulas S. Elevated asymmetric dimethylarginine is associated with oxidant stress aggravation in patients with early stage autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Kidney Blood Press Res 2014; 38:72-82. [PMID: 24577239 DOI: 10.1159/000355756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS In experimental models of polycystic kidney disease impaired bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) and elevated mRNA expression of oxidative stress markers at the kidney level was noted. However, clinical studies investigating the potential role of endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) are limited. We evaluated asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) as marker of NO synthase inhibitor as well as 15-F2t-Isoprostane and oxidized-low density lipoprotein (oxidized-LDL) as measures of oxidative stress in patients with early stages ADPKD. METHODS We recruited 26 ADPKD patients (Group A) with modestly impaired renal function (eGFR 45-70 ml/min/1.73 m(2)), 26 age- and sex-matched ADPKD patients (Group B) with relatively preserved renal function (eGFR)>70 ml/min/1.73 m(2)), and 26 age- and sex-matched controls (Group C). Determination of circulating levels of ADMA, 15-F2t-Isoprostane, oxidized-LDL and routine biochemistry was performed. RESULTS Group A and B had significantly higher ADMA levels as compared to controls (1.68 ± 0.7 vs 0.51 ± 0.2 μmol/l, P<0.001 and 1.26 ± 0.7 vs 0.51 ± 0.2 μmol/l, P<0.001, respectively). 15-F2t-IsoP and oxidized-LDL levels were also significantly higher in Group B relative to controls (788.8 ± 185.0 vs 383.1 ± 86.0 pgr/ml, P<0.001 and 11.4 ± 6.6 vs 6.4 ± 2.6 EU/ml, P<0.05 respectively) and were further elevated in Group A. In correlation analysis, ADMA levels exhibited strong associations with levels of 15-F2t-Isoprostane (r=0.811, P<0.001) and oxidized-LDL (r=0.788, P<0.001), whereas an inverse correlation was evident between ADMA and eGFR (r=-0.460, P<0.001). CONCLUSION This study shows elevation in circulating levels of ADMA along with aggravation of oxidative stress from the early stages of ADPKD. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilios Raptis
- Section of Nephrology and Hypertension, 1st Department of Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Dorjgochoo T, Gao YT, Chow WH, Shu XO, Yang G, Cai Q, Rothman N, Cai H, Li H, Deng X, Franke A, Roberts LJ, Milne G, Zheng W, Dai Q. Major metabolite of F2-isoprostane in urine may be a more sensitive biomarker of oxidative stress than isoprostane itself. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 96:405-14. [PMID: 22760572 PMCID: PMC3396448 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.034918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited literature on the contributors to isoprostane metabolite 2,3-dinor-5,6-dihydro-15-F(2t)-isoprostane (15-F(2t)-IsoP-M) compared with F(2)-isoprostanes (F(2)-IsoPs) as an oxidative stress biomarker. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate whether plasma concentrations of antioxidants, urinary excretion rates of polyphenols, and antioxidants in food and dietary supplements are attributable to both urinary F(2)-IsoP and 15-F(2t)-IsoP-M concentrations. DESIGN Dietary intake information and blood and urine samples were obtained from 845 healthy middle-aged and elderly female participants of the Shanghai Women's Health Study. Urinary isoprostanes (F(2)-IsoPs and 15-F(2t)-IsoP-M) were measured and adjusted for creatinine concentrations. RESULTS Urinary 15-F(2t)-IsoP-M and F(2)-IsoP concentrations were lower in subjects who used a multivitamin. Lower F(2)-IsoP concentrations were observed in ginseng users, whereas lower concentrations of 15-F(2t)-IsoP-M were shown in subjects who used a vitamin E supplement. Plasma concentrations of several antioxidants (ie, β-carotenes, both trans and cis β-carotenes, lycopene other than trans, 5-cis and 7-cis isomers, cis anhydrolutein, and cis β-cryptoxanthin) were inversely associated with 15-F(2t)-IsoP-M but not with F(2)-IsoPs, whereas β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols were positively associated with 15-F(2t)-IsoP-M but not with F(2)-IsoPs. Urinary polyphenol quercetin was positively associated with both F(2)-IsoPs and 15-F(2t)-IsoP-M. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the F(2)-IsoP major metabolite 15-F(2t)-IsoP-M may be a more sensitive marker of endogenous oxidative stress status than are F(2)-IsoPs in the assessment of effects of antioxidants on age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsogzolmaa Dorjgochoo
- Divisions of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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Daughton CG. Using biomarkers in sewage to monitor community-wide human health: isoprostanes as conceptual prototype. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 424:16-38. [PMID: 22425170 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2012] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Timely assessment of the aggregate health of small-area human populations is essential for guiding the optimal investment of resources needed for preventing, avoiding, controlling, or mitigating exposure risks. Seeking those interventions yielding the greatest benefit with respect to allocation of resources is essential for making progress toward community sustainability, promoting social justice, and maintaining or improving health and well-being. More efficient approaches are needed for revealing cause-effect linkages between environmental stressors and human health and for measuring overall aggregate health of small-area populations. A new concept is presented--community health assessment via Sewage Chemical Information Mining (SCIM)--for quickly gauging overall, aggregate health status or trends for entire small-area populations. The approach--BioSCIM--would monitor raw sewage for specific biomarkers broadly associated with human disease, stress, or health. A wealth of untapped chemical information resides in raw sewage, a portion comprising human biomarkers of exposure and effects. BioSCIM holds potential for capitalizing on the presence of biomarkers in sewage for accomplishing any number of objectives. One of the many potential applications of BioSCIM could use various biomarkers of stress resulting from the collective excretion from all individuals in a local population. A prototype example is presented using a class of biomarkers that measures collective, systemic oxidative stress--the isoprostanes (prostaglandin-like free-radical catalyzed oxidation products from certain polyunsaturated fatty acids). Sampling and analysis of raw sewage hold great potential for quickly determining aggregate biomarker levels for entire communities. Presented are the basic principles of BioSCIM, together with its anticipated limitations, challenges, and potential applications in assessing community-wide health. Community health assessment via BioSCIM could allow rapid assessments and intercomparisons of health status among distinct populations, revealing hidden or emerging trends or disparities and aiding in evaluating correlations (or hypotheses) between stressor exposures and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian G Daughton
- Environmental Sciences Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, 944 East Harmon Avenue, Las Vegas, NV 89119, USA.
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Dorjgochoo T, Gao YT, Chow WH, Shu XO, Yang G, Cai Q, Rothman N, Cai H, Li H, Deng X, Shrubsole MJ, Murff H, Milne G, Zheng W, Dai Q. Obesity, age, and oxidative stress in middle-aged and older women. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 14:2453-60. [PMID: 21043829 PMCID: PMC3096497 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that urinary F(2)-isoprostanes (F(2)-IsoPs) are more accurate markers of oxidative stress than other available biomarkers. Most previous studies used unmetabolized F(2)-IsoPs as a biomarker. Few previous studies measured 15-F(2t)-IsoP-M, a metabolite of one of the most common F(2)-IsoPs, 15-F(2t)-IsoP. Unlike 15-F(2t)-IsoP, 15-F(2t)-IsoP-M is not subject to autoxidation and renal production. To our knowledge, no study has compared the associations of age and body mass index (BMI) with F(2)-IsoPs to those with 15-F(2t)-IsoP-M. Urinary levels of F(2)-IsoPs and 15-F(2t)-IsoP-M were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for 845 healthy women aged 40-70 years. Both F(2)-IsoPs and 15-F(2t)-IsoP-M were elevated among smokers. The level of 15-F(2t)-IsoP-M increased with age, particularly after menopause, and with BMI. In contrast, F(2)-IsoPs decreased with age, regardless of menopausal status, and was not related to BMI. The association of 15-F(2t)-IsoP-M with age or menopausal status did not differ by BMI category, and the association with BMI was also independent of age or menopausal status. 15-F(2t)-IsoP-M appears to be a valuable biomarker of oxidative stress in age- and obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsogzolmaa Dorjgochoo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2525 West End Ave., Nashville, TN 37203-1738, USA
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Koenitzer JR, Freeman BA. Redox signaling in inflammation: interactions of endogenous electrophiles and mitochondria in cardiovascular disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010; 1203:45-52. [PMID: 20716282 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05559.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Reactive species derived from oxygen and nitric oxide are produced during inflammation and promote oxidation and nitration of biomolecules, including unsaturated fatty acids. Among the products of these reactions are alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl and nitro derivatives of fatty acids, electrophilic species whose reactivity with nucleophilic amino acids provides a means of posttranslational protein modification and signaling. These electrophilic fatty acids activate cytosolic and nuclear stress-response pathways (through Nrf2/Keap1 and PPARgamma, for example). There is also growing evidence that mitochondria generate electrophilic species. This appreciation, when combined with the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in conditions where exogenously delivered electrophiles exhibit therapeutic benefit, suggests that mitochondrial electrophile targets are also important in the resolution and prevention of inflammatory injury. Cardioprotective signaling pathways in particular appear to converge on mitochondria, with nitro-fatty acids recently shown to protect against cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury in a murine model. Although numerous mitochondrial proteins are subject to modification by electrophiles, defining the targets most relevant to cytoprotection during inflammatory stress remains a clinically relevant goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Koenitzer
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Anti-Glycation Effect of Mixed Herbal Extract in Individuals with Pre-Diabetes Mellitus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3793/jaam.7.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Watters JL, Satia JA, da Costa KA, Boysen G, Collins LB, Morrow JD, Milne GL, Swenberg JA. Comparison of three oxidative stress biomarkers in a sample of healthy adults. Biomarkers 2009; 14:587-95. [PMID: 20001708 PMCID: PMC3290341 DOI: 10.3109/13547500903183954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a potentially important aetiological factor for many chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease and cancer, yet studies often find inconsistent results. The associations between three of the most widely used biomarkers of oxidative stress, i.e. F(2)-isoprostanes for lipid peroxidation and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) and the comet assay with FPG for oxidative DNA damage, were compared in a sample of 135 healthy African-American and white adults. Modest associations were observed between F(2)-isoprostanes and the comet assay (r = 0.22, p = 0.01), but there were no significant correlations between 8-oxo-dG and the comet assay (r = -0.09) or F(2)-IsoP (r = -0.04). These results are informative for researchers seeking to compare results pertaining to oxidative stress across studies and/or assessment methods in healthy disease-free populations. The development and use of oxidative stress biomarkers is a promising field; however, additional validation studies are necessary to establish accuracy and comparability across oxidative stress biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne L Watters
- Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, USA.
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Zhu P, Jian W, Blair IA. A 4-oxo-2(E)-nonenal-derived glutathione adduct from 15-lipoxygenase-1-mediated oxidation of cytosolic and esterified arachidonic acid. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 47:953-61. [PMID: 19576981 PMCID: PMC2777738 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2009] [Revised: 06/20/2009] [Accepted: 06/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
15(S)-Hydroperoxy-[5Z,8Z,11Z,13E]-eicosatetraenoic acid (15(S)-HpETE) undergoes homolytic decomposition to bifunctional electrophiles such as 4-oxo-2(E)-nonenal. 4-Oxo-2(E)-nonenal reacts with glutathione to form a thiadiazabicyclo-4-oxo-2(E)-nonenal-glutathione adduct (TOG). Therefore, this endogenous glutathione adduct can serve as a specific biomarker of lipid hydroperoxide-mediated 4-oxo-2(E)-nonenal formation. A monocyte/macrophage cell line was generated to constitutively express human 15-lipoxygenase-1. In these cells, TOG was formed from 15(S)-HpETE-derived 4-oxo-2(E)-nonenal in a nonlinear dose-dependent manner upon arachidonic acid treatment. The lipoxygenase inhibitor cinnamyl-3,4-dihydroxy-alpha-cyanocinnamate abolished arachidonic acid-mediated TOG formation. The calcium ionophore A23187 was also used to induce the formation of 15(S)-HpETE from esterified arachidonic acid present in the membrane lipids. In the 15-lipoxygenase-1-expressing cells, the calcium ionophore A23187 significantly increased TOG levels compared with mock-transfected cells. This was due to the 15-lipoxygenase-mediated formation of 15(S)-HpETE in the forms of free fatty acid and esterified lipids, which was subsequently converted to 4-oxo-2(E)-nonenal. The increase in TOG formation was again abrogated by pretreatment with cinnamyl-3,4-dihydroxy-alpha-cyanocinnamate. Only 8.7% 15(S)-HETE (both the free fatty acid and its esterified form in the cell membrane) was formed after ionophore A23187 stimulation compared with that formed after the addition of arachidonic acid. In contrast, the TOG levels after treatment with ionophore A23187 or arachidonic acid were comparable. Thus, it is likely that esterified 15(S)-HpETE underwent homolytic decomposition to 4-oxo-2(E)-nonenal more efficiently than the free 15(S)-HpETE that was formed in the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijuan Zhu
- Centers for Cancer Pharmacology and Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA
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23
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Sood A, Qualls C, Arynchyn A, Beckett WS, Gross MD, Steffes MW, Smith LJ, Holvoet P, Thyagarajan B, Jacobs DR. Obesity-asthma association: is it explained by systemic oxidant stress? Chest 2009; 136:1055-1062. [PMID: 19592473 PMCID: PMC2771042 DOI: 10.1378/chest.09-0493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Accepted: 06/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism for the obesity-asthma association is unknown. This study evaluated the hypothesis that systemic oxidant stress explains this association. METHODS This cross-sectional study used year-20 follow-up evaluation data of 2,865 eligible participants in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort. Current asthma was self-reported. Oxidant stress primarily was assessed by plasma F2-isoprostane concentrations. Obesity measures included categories of BMI and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry-assessed fat mass index (FMI) and lean mass index (LMI). Logistic and linear regressions were used for analyses. RESULTS Asthma was associated with higher plasma F2-isoprostane concentrations (p = 0.049); however, this association was not significant when adjusted for either gender or BMI. The BMI-asthma association was seen only among women (p = 0.03; gender-specific interaction, p = 0.01), and this association was not explained by plasma F2-isoprostane levels. Similarly, both FMI and LMI were positively associated with asthma in women (p = 0.20 and 0.01, respectively). These associations also were not explained by plasma F2-isoprostane levels. Similar results were obtained when plasma levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein were used instead of F2-isoprostane levels to study the BMI-asthma association at the year-15 evaluation. CONCLUSIONS Systemic oxidant stress, primarily assessed by plasma F2-isoprostane concentrations, was not independently associated with asthma and, therefore, may not explain the obesity-asthma association in women. The asthma-oxidant stress association is confounded by gender and obesity. This study is limited by the inability to measure airway oxidant stress. It is possible that another (as yet undetermined) measure of systemic oxidant stress may be more relevant in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Sood
- Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM.
| | - Clifford Qualls
- Clinical Translational Sciences Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Alexander Arynchyn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | | - Myron D Gross
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Michael W Steffes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Lewis J Smith
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Paul Holvoet
- Department of Experimental Surgery and Anesthesiology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bharat Thyagarajan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Institute for Nutrition Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Abstract
Over the last 50 years, the posttranslational modification (PTM) of proteins has emerged as a central mechanism for cells to regulate metabolism, growth, differentiation, cell-cell interactions, and immune responses. By influencing protein structure and function, PTM leads to a multiplication of proteome diversity. Redox-dependent PTMs, mediated by environmental and endogenously generated reactive species, induce cell signaling responses and can have toxic effects in organisms. PTMs induced by the electrophilic by-products of redox reactions most frequently occur at protein thiols; other nucleophilic amino acids serve as less favorable targets. Advances in mass spectrometry and affinity-chemistry strategies have improved the detection of electrophile-induced protein modifications both in vitro and in vivo and have revealed a high degree of amino acid and protein selectivity of electrophilic PTM. The identification of biological targets of electrophiles has motivated further study of the functional impact of various PTM reactions on specific signaling pathways and how this might affect organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja K. Rudolph
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bruce A. Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Dietrich-Muszalska A, Olas B. Isoprostenes as indicators of oxidative stress in schizophrenia. World J Biol Psychiatry 2009; 10:27-33. [PMID: 19673085 DOI: 10.1080/15622970701361263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Free radicals induce oxidative stress and damage to all types of biological molecules and may be involved in pathology of schizophrenia. A cell membrane dysfunction caused by lipid peroxidation can be secondary to a free radical-mediated pathology and may contribute to specific aspects of schizophrenic symptomatology and complications of its treatment. METHOD The aim of our study was to estimate oxidative stress in a group of schizophrenic patients by using different biomarkers of free radicals-induced lipid peroxidation (isoprostanes, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)). We also determined the products of enzymatic peroxidation of arachidonic acid, such as thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and its metabolite 11-dehydrothromboxane B2. Isoprostanes (IPs) are a family of novel prostaglandin isomers and are produced in free radical-catalysed reactions from arachidonic acid. They are useful as a specific, sensitive, chemically stable, noninvasive index of free radical generation in vivo. We therefore assessed in schizophrenic patients and control subjects the level of urinary excretion of isoprostane--8-epi-prostaglandin F2 alpha, (8-isoPGF2 alpha)--a marker of lipid peroxidation induced by free radicals using an immunoassay kit. We also studied the level of the other marker of enzymatic arachidonic acid peroxidation--11-dehydrothromboxane B2--in urine from schizophrenic patients and healthy volunteers. Moreover, we estimated the production of TBARS and TXB2 in plasma from schizophrenic patients and the control group. Patients hospitalised in the II Psychiatric Department of Medical University in Lodz, Poland, were interviewed with a special questionnaire (treatment, course of diseases, dyskinesis and other EPS). According to DSM-IV criteria, all patients had diagnosis of paranoid type. All patients were treated with second-generation antipsychotic drugs (risperidone, clozapine, and olanzapine). Mean time of schizophrenia duration was about 2 years. RESULTS We observed a statistically increased level of TBARS in plasma (P=0.000162) and isoprostanes (P=3.5 x 10(-12)) in urine of schizophrenic patients in comparison with the control group. The level of markers of enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid (TXB2 and its metabolite, 11-dehydrothromboxane B2) did not change. This indicates that free radicals induce peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acid in schizophrenic patients. CONCLUSION Considering the data presented in this study, we suggest that non-invasive measurement of 8-isoPGF2 alpha, is a valuable and sensitive (contrary to TBARS) indicator of oxidative stress status in vivo in schizophrenia.
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Delample D, Durand F, Severac A, Belghith M, Mas E, Michel F, Cristol JP, Hayot M, Prefaut C. Implication of xanthine oxidase in muscle oxidative stress in COPD patients. Free Radic Res 2009; 42:807-14. [DOI: 10.1080/10715760802429039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ding J, Sorensen CM, Jaitly N, Jiang H, Orton DJ, Monroe ME, Moore RJ, Smith RD, Metz TO. Application of the accurate mass and time tag approach in studies of the human blood lipidome. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 871:243-52. [PMID: 18502191 PMCID: PMC2598838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2008] [Revised: 04/10/2008] [Accepted: 04/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We report a preliminary demonstration of the accurate mass and time (AMT) tag approach for lipidomics. Initial data-dependent LC-MS/MS analyses of human plasma, erythrocyte, and lymphocyte lipids were performed in order to identify lipid molecular species in conjunction with complementary accurate mass and isotopic distribution information. Identified lipids were used to populate initial lipid AMT tag databases containing 250 and 45 entries for those species detected in positive and negative electrospray ionization (ESI) modes, respectively. The positive ESI database was then utilized to identify human plasma, erythrocyte, and lymphocyte lipids in high-throughput LC-MS analyses based on the AMT tag approach. We were able to define the lipid profiles of human plasma, erythrocytes, and lymphocytes based on qualitative and quantitative differences in lipid abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ding
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Christina M. Sorensen
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Navdeep Jaitly
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Hongliang Jiang
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Daniel J. Orton
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Matthew E. Monroe
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Ronald J. Moore
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Richard D. Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Thomas O. Metz
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
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28
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Jenkins DJA, Kendall CWC, Marchie A, Josse AR, Nguyen TH, Faulkner DA, Lapsley KG, Blumberg J. Almonds reduce biomarkers of lipid peroxidation in older hyperlipidemic subjects. J Nutr 2008; 138:908-13. [PMID: 18424600 DOI: 10.1093/jn/138.5.908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nut consumption has been associated with reduced coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. In addition to cholesterol-lowering properties, almonds have been shown to lower oxidized LDL concentrations. However, little is known regarding their effects on other markers of oxidative stress. The dose-response effects of whole almonds, taken as snacks, were compared with low-saturated fat (<5% energy) whole-wheat muffins (control) in the therapeutic diets of hyperlipidemic subjects. In a randomized crossover study, 27 hyperlipidemic men and women consumed 3 isoenergetic (mean 423 kcal/d or 1770 kJ/d) supplements each for 1 mo. Supplements consisted of full-dose almonds (73 +/- 3 g/d), half-dose almonds plus half-dose muffins (half-dose almonds), and full-dose muffins (control). Subjects were assessed at wk 0, 2 and 4. Mean body weights differed < or = 300 g between treatments, although the weight loss on the half-dose almond treatment was greater than on the control (P < 0.01). At 4 wk, the full-dose almonds reduced serum concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) (P = 0.040) and creatinine-adjusted urinary isoprostane output (P = 0.026) compared with the control. Serum concentrations of alpha- or gamma-tocopherol, adjusted or unadjusted for total cholesterol, were not affected by the treatments. Almond antioxidant activity was demonstrated by their effect on 2 biomarkers of lipid peroxidation, serum MDA and urinary isoprostanes, and supports the previous finding that almonds reduced oxidation of LDL-C. Antioxidant activity provides an additional possible mechanism, in addition to lowering cholesterol, that may account for the reduction in CHD risk with nut consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J A Jenkins
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5C 2T2
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Singh IN, Hall ED. Multifaceted roles of sphingosine-1-phosphate: How does this bioactive sphingolipid fit with acute neurological injury? J Neurosci Res 2008; 86:1419-33. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Spiteller G. The important role of lipid peroxidation processes in aging and age dependent diseases. Mol Biotechnol 2007; 37:5-12. [PMID: 17914157 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-007-0057-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/1999] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 11/30/1999] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Any change in the cell membrane structure activates lipoxygenases (LOX). LOX transform polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to lipidhydroperoxide molecules (LOOHs). When cells are severely wounded, this physiological process switches to a non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation (LPO) process producing LOO* radicals. These oxidize nearly all-biological molecules such as lipids, sugars, and proteins. The LOO* induced degradations proceed by transfer of the radicals from cell to cell like an infection. The chemical reactions induced by LO* and LOO* radicals seem to be responsible for aging and induction of age dependent diseases.Alternatively, LO* and LOO* radicals are generated by frying of fats and involve cholesterol-PUFA esters and thus induce atherogenesis. Plants and algae are exposed to LOO* radicals generating radiation. In order to remove LOO* radicals, plants and algae transform PUFAs to furan fatty acids, which are incorporated after consumption of vegetables into mammalian tissues where they act as excellent scavengers of LOO* and LO* radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Spiteller
- Organic Chemical Department, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, Bayreuth, Germany.
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31
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Feleder C, Perlik V, Blatteis CM. Preoptic nitric oxide attenuates endotoxic fever in guinea pigs by inhibiting the POA release of norepinephrine. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007; 293:R1144-51. [PMID: 17584955 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00068.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration induces hypothalamic nitric oxide (NO); NO is antipyretic in the preoptic area (POA), but its mechanism of action is uncertain. LPS also stimulates the release of preoptic norepinephrine (NE), which mediates fever onset. Because NE upregulates NO synthases and NO induces cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-dependent PGE2, we investigated whether NO mediates the production of this central fever mediator. Conscious guinea pigs with intra-POA microdialysis probes received LPS intravenously (2 μg/kg) and, thereafter, an NO donor (SIN-1) or scavenger (carboxy-PTIO) intra-POA (20 μg/μl each, 2 μl/min, 6 h). Core temperature (Tc) was monitored constantly; dialysate NE and PGE2 were analyzed in 30-min collections. To verify the reported involvement of α2-adrenoceptors (AR) in PGE2 production, clonidine (α2-AR agonist, 2 μg/μl) was microdialyzed with and without SIN-1 or carboxy-PTIO. To assess the possible involvement of oxidative NE and/or NO products in the demonstrated initially COX-2-independent POA PGE2 increase, (+)-catechin (an antioxidant, 3 μg/μl) was microdialyzed, and POA PGE2, and Tc were determined. SIN-1 and carboxy-PTIO reduced and enhanced, respectively, the rises in NE, PGE2, and Tc produced by intravenous LPS. Similarly, they prevented and increased, respectively, the delayed elevations of PGE2 and Tc induced by intra-POA clonidine. (+)-Catechin prevented the LPS-induced elevation of PGE2, but not of Tc. We conclude that the antipyretic activity of NO derives from its inhibitory modulation of the LPS-induced release of POA NE. These data also implicate free radicals in POA PGE2 production and raise questions about its role as a central LPS fever mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Feleder
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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A double-blind, randomized controlled trial (RCT) of L-carnitine and conjugated linoleic acid-based health food with health claims. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.3793/jaam.4.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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