1
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Novotna E, Milosevic M, Prukova D, Magalhaes-Novais S, Dvorakova S, Dmytruk K, Gemperle J, Zudova D, Nickl T, Vrbacky M, Rosel D, Filimonenko V, Prochazka J, Brabek J, Neuzil J, Rohlenova K, Rohlena J. Mitochondrial HER2 stimulates respiration and promotes tumorigenicity. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14174. [PMID: 38291340 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amplification of HER2, a receptor tyrosine kinase and a breast cancer-linked oncogene, is associated with aggressive disease. HER2 protein is localised mostly at the cell membrane, but a fraction translocates to mitochondria. Whether and how mitochondrial HER2 contributes to tumorigenicity is currently unknown. METHODS We enriched the mitochondrial (mt-)HER2 fraction in breast cancer cells using an N-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequence and analysed how this manipulation impacts bioenergetics and tumorigenic properties. The role of the tyrosine kinase activity of mt-HER2 was assessed in wild type, kinase-dead (K753M) and kinase-enhanced (V659E) mtHER2 constructs. RESULTS We document that mt-HER2 associates with the oxidative phosphorylation system, stimulates bioenergetics and promotes larger respiratory supercomplexes. mt-HER2 enhances proliferation and invasiveness in vitro and tumour growth and metastatic potential in vivo, in a kinase activity-dependent manner. On the other hand, constitutively active mt-HER2 provokes excessive mitochondria ROS generation, sensitises to cell death, and restricts growth of primary tumours, suggesting that regulation of HER2 activity in mitochondria is required for the maximal pro-tumorigenic effect. CONCLUSIONS mt-HER2 promotes tumorigenicity by supporting bioenergetics and optimal redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliska Novotna
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mirko Milosevic
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Prukova
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Silvia Magalhaes-Novais
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Dvorakova
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Dmytruk
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Gemperle
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Zudova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Nickl
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Vrbacky
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Rosel
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vlada Filimonenko
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prochazka
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Brabek
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Neuzil
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Rohlenova
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Rohlena
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
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2
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Beerkens APM, Boreel DF, Nathan JA, Neuzil J, Cheng G, Kalyanaraman B, Hardy M, Adema GJ, Heskamp S, Span PN, Bussink J. Characterizing OXPHOS inhibitor-mediated alleviation of hypoxia using high-throughput live cell-imaging. Cancer Metab 2024; 12:13. [PMID: 38702787 PMCID: PMC11067257 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-024-00342-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia is a common feature of many solid tumors and causes radiotherapy and immunotherapy resistance. Pharmacological inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) has emerged as a therapeutic strategy to reduce hypoxia. However, the OXPHOS inhibitors tested in clinical trials caused only moderate responses in hypoxia alleviation or trials were terminated due to dose-limiting toxicities. To improve the therapeutic benefit, FDA approved OXPHOS inhibitors (e.g. atovaquone) were conjugated to triphenylphosphonium (TPP+) to preferentially target cancer cell's mitochondria. In this study, we evaluated the hypoxia reducing effects of several mitochondria-targeted OXPHOS inhibitors and compared them to non-mitochondria-targeted OXPHOS inhibitors using newly developed spheroid models for diffusion-limited hypoxia. METHODS B16OVA murine melanoma cells and MC38 murine colon cancer cells expressing a HIF-Responsive Element (HRE)-induced Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) with an oxygen-dependent degradation domain (HRE-eGFP-ODD) were generated to assess diffusion-limited hypoxia dynamics in spheroids. Spheroids were treated with IACS-010759, atovaquone, metformin, tamoxifen or with mitochondria-targeted atovaquone (Mito-ATO), PEGylated mitochondria-targeted atovaquone (Mito-PEG-ATO) or mitochondria-targeted tamoxifen (MitoTam). Hypoxia dynamics were followed and quantified over time using the IncuCyte Zoom Live Cell-Imaging system. RESULTS Hypoxic cores developed in B16OVA.HRE and MC38.HRE spheroids within 24 h hours after seeding. Treatment with IACS-010759, metformin, atovaquone, Mito-PEG-ATO and MitoTam showed a dose-dependent reduction of hypoxia in both B16OVA.HRE and MC38.HRE spheroids. Mito-ATO only alleviated hypoxia in MC38.HRE spheroids while tamoxifen was not able to reduce hypoxia in any of the spheroid models. The mitochondria-targeted OXPHOS inhibitors demonstrated stronger anti-hypoxic effects compared to the non-mito-targeted OXPHOS inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS We successfully developed a high-throughput spheroid model in which hypoxia dynamics can be quantified over time. Using this model, we showed that the mitochondria-targeted OXPHOS inhibitors Mito-ATO, Mito-PEG-ATO and MitoTam reduce hypoxia in tumor cells in a dose-dependent manner, potentially sensitizing hypoxic tumor cells for radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne P M Beerkens
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525GA, The Netherlands.
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525GA, The Netherlands.
| | - Daan F Boreel
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525GA, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525GA, The Netherlands
| | - James A Nathan
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Jiri Neuzil
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport Qld, 4222, Australia
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West, 252 50, Czech Republic
| | - Gang Cheng
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Micael Hardy
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, Marseille, 13013, France
| | - Gosse J Adema
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525GA, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Heskamp
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525GA, The Netherlands
| | - Paul N Span
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525GA, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Bussink
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525GA, The Netherlands
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3
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Al Assi A, Posty S, Lamarche F, Chebel A, Guitton J, Cottet-Rousselle C, Prudent R, Lafanechère L, Giraud S, Dallemagne P, Suzanne P, Verney A, Genestier L, Castets M, Fontaine E, Billaud M, Cordier-Bussat M. A novel inhibitor of the mitochondrial respiratory complex I with uncoupling properties exerts potent antitumor activity. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:311. [PMID: 38697987 PMCID: PMC11065874 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06668-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cells are highly dependent on bioenergetic processes to support their growth and survival. Disruption of metabolic pathways, particularly by targeting the mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes (ETC-I to V) has become an attractive therapeutic strategy. As a result, the search for clinically effective new respiratory chain inhibitors with minimized adverse effects is a major goal. Here, we characterize a new OXPHOS inhibitor compound called MS-L6, which behaves as an inhibitor of ETC-I, combining inhibition of NADH oxidation and uncoupling effect. MS-L6 is effective on both intact and sub-mitochondrial particles, indicating that its efficacy does not depend on its accumulation within the mitochondria. MS-L6 reduces ATP synthesis and induces a metabolic shift with increased glucose consumption and lactate production in cancer cell lines. MS-L6 either dose-dependently inhibits cell proliferation or induces cell death in a variety of cancer cell lines, including B-cell and T-cell lymphomas as well as pediatric sarcoma. Ectopic expression of Saccharomyces cerevisiae NADH dehydrogenase (NDI-1) partially restores the viability of B-lymphoma cells treated with MS-L6, demonstrating that the inhibition of NADH oxidation is functionally linked to its cytotoxic effect. Furthermore, MS-L6 administration induces robust inhibition of lymphoma tumor growth in two murine xenograft models without toxicity. Thus, our data present MS-L6 as an inhibitor of OXPHOS, with a dual mechanism of action on the respiratory chain and with potent antitumor properties in preclinical models, positioning it as the pioneering member of a promising drug class to be evaluated for cancer therapy. MS-L6 exerts dual mitochondrial effects: ETC-I inhibition and uncoupling of OXPHOS. In cancer cells, MS-L6 inhibited ETC-I at least 5 times more than in isolated rat hepatocytes. These mitochondrial effects lead to energy collapse in cancer cells, resulting in proliferation arrest and cell death. In contrast, hepatocytes which completely and rapidly inactivated this molecule, restored their energy status and survived exposure to MS-L6 without apparent toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Al Assi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1055, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée (LBFA), Grenoble, France
| | - Solène Posty
- Cell death and Childhood Cancers Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), INSERM U1052- CNRS UMR5286, Université Claude Bernard de Lyon1, Centre Léon Bérard, LabEx DEVweCAN, Institut Convergence Plascan, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Lamarche
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1055, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée (LBFA), Grenoble, France
| | - Amel Chebel
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (Team LIB), Equipe labellisée La Ligue 2017 and 2023. Université Lyon, INSERM, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jérôme Guitton
- Laboratoire de biochimie et pharmacologie-toxicologie, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69495, Pierre Bénite, France. Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Faculté de pharmacie ISPBL, Université Lyon 1, 69373, Lyon, France
| | - Cécile Cottet-Rousselle
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1055, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée (LBFA), Grenoble, France
| | - Renaud Prudent
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurence Lafanechère
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphane Giraud
- Center for Drug Discovery and Development, Synergie Lyon Cancer Foundation, Lyon, Cancer Research Center, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | | | - Peggy Suzanne
- Normandie Univ., UNICAEN, CERMN, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Aurélie Verney
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (Team LIB), Equipe labellisée La Ligue 2017 and 2023. Université Lyon, INSERM, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Genestier
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (Team LIB), Equipe labellisée La Ligue 2017 and 2023. Université Lyon, INSERM, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marie Castets
- Cell death and Childhood Cancers Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), INSERM U1052- CNRS UMR5286, Université Claude Bernard de Lyon1, Centre Léon Bérard, LabEx DEVweCAN, Institut Convergence Plascan, Lyon, France
| | - Eric Fontaine
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1055, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée (LBFA), Grenoble, France.
| | - Marc Billaud
- Cell death and Childhood Cancers Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), INSERM U1052- CNRS UMR5286, Université Claude Bernard de Lyon1, Centre Léon Bérard, LabEx DEVweCAN, Institut Convergence Plascan, Lyon, France.
| | - Martine Cordier-Bussat
- Cell death and Childhood Cancers Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), INSERM U1052- CNRS UMR5286, Université Claude Bernard de Lyon1, Centre Léon Bérard, LabEx DEVweCAN, Institut Convergence Plascan, Lyon, France.
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4
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Vercellino I, Sazanov LA. SCAF1 drives the compositional diversity of mammalian respirasomes. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2024:10.1038/s41594-024-01255-0. [PMID: 38575788 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-024-01255-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Supercomplexes of the respiratory chain are established constituents of the oxidative phosphorylation system, but their role in mammalian metabolism has been hotly debated. Although recent studies have shown that different tissues/organs are equipped with specific sets of supercomplexes, depending on their metabolic needs, the notion that supercomplexes have a role in the regulation of metabolism has been challenged. However, irrespective of the mechanistic conclusions, the composition of various high molecular weight supercomplexes remains uncertain. Here, using cryogenic electron microscopy, we demonstrate that mammalian (mouse) tissues contain three defined types of 'respirasome', supercomplexes made of CI, CIII2 and CIV. The stoichiometry and position of CIV differs in the three respirasomes, of which only one contains the supercomplex-associated factor SCAF1, whose involvement in respirasome formation has long been contended. Our structures confirm that the 'canonical' respirasome (the C-respirasome, CICIII2CIV) does not contain SCAF1, which is instead associated to a different respirasome (the CS-respirasome), containing a second copy of CIV. We also identify an alternative respirasome (A-respirasome), with CIV bound to the 'back' of CI, instead of the 'toe'. This structural characterization of mouse mitochondrial supercomplexes allows us to hypothesize a mechanistic basis for their specific role in different metabolic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Vercellino
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Leonid A Sazanov
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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5
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Prokakis E, Bamahmoud H, Jansari S, Fritsche L, Dietz A, Boshnakovska A, Rehling P, Johnsen SA, Gallwas J, Wegwitz F. USP22 supports the aggressive behavior of basal-like breast cancer by stimulating cellular respiration. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:120. [PMID: 38347585 PMCID: PMC10863169 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01441-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent tumor entity in women worldwide with a high chance of therapeutic response in early- and non-metastatic disease stages. Among all BC subtypes, triple-negative BC (TNBC) is the most challenging cancer subtype lacking effective molecular targets due to the particular enrichment of cancer stem cells (CSCs), frequently leading to a chemoresistant phenotype and metastasis. The Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 22 (USP22) is a deubiquitinase that has been frequently associated with a CSC-promoting function and intimately implicated in resistance to conventional therapies, tumor relapse, metastasis and overall poor survival in a broad range of cancer entities, including BC. To date, though, the role of USP22 in TNBC has been only superficially addressed. METHODS The current study utilized the MMTV-cre, Usp22fl/fl transgenic mouse model to study the involvement of USP22 in the stem cell-like properties of the growing mammary tissue. Additionally, we combined high-throughput transcriptomic analyses with publicly available patient transcriptomic data and utilized TNBC culture models to decipher the functional role of USP22 in the CSC characteristics of this disease. RESULTS Interestingly, we identified that USP22 promotes CSC properties and drug tolerance by supporting the oxidative phosphorylation program, known to be largely responsible for the poor response to conventional therapies in this particularly aggressive BC subtype. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests a novel tumor-supportive role of USP22 in sustaining cellular respiration to facilitate the drug-tolerant behavior of HER2+-BC and TNBC cells. Therefore, we posit USP22 as a promising therapeutic target to optimize standard therapies and combat the aggressiveness of these malignancies. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Prokakis
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of General, Visceral & Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Husam Bamahmoud
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shaishavi Jansari
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lena Fritsche
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Dietz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Angela Boshnakovska
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Rehling
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Steven A Johnsen
- Department of General, Visceral & Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- The Robert Bosch Center for Tumor Diseases, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Julia Gallwas
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Florian Wegwitz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of General, Visceral & Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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6
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Arbon D, Mach J, Čadková A, Sipkova A, Stursa J, Klanicová K, Machado M, Ganter M, Levytska V, Sojka D, Truksa J, Werner L, Sutak R. Chelation of Mitochondrial Iron as an Antiparasitic Strategy. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:676-687. [PMID: 38287902 PMCID: PMC10862539 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Iron, as an essential micronutrient, plays a crucial role in host-pathogen interactions. In order to limit the growth of the pathogen, a common strategy of innate immunity includes withdrawing available iron to interfere with the cellular processes of the microorganism. Against that, unicellular parasites have developed powerful strategies to scavenge iron, despite the effort of the host. Iron-sequestering compounds, such as the approved and potent chelator deferoxamine (DFO), are considered a viable option for therapeutic intervention. Since iron is heavily utilized in the mitochondrion, targeting iron chelators in this organelle could constitute an effective therapeutic strategy. This work presents mitochondrially targeted DFO, mitoDFO, as a candidate against a range of unicellular parasites with promising in vitro efficiency. Intracellular Leishmania infection can be cleared by this compound, and experimentation with Trypanosoma brucei 427 elucidates its possible mode of action. The compound not only affects iron homeostasis but also alters the physiochemical properties of the inner mitochondrial membrane, resulting in a loss of function. Furthermore, investigating the virulence factors of pathogenic yeasts confirms that mitoDFO is a viable candidate for therapeutic intervention against a wide spectrum of microbe-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Arbon
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty
of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec 25250, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Mach
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty
of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec 25250, Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Čadková
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty
of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec 25250, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Sipkova
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty
of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec 25250, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Stursa
- Institute
of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec 25250, Czech Republic
- Laboratory
of Clinical Pathophysiology, Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21 Prague, Czech
Republic
| | - Kristýna Klanicová
- Institute
of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec 25250, Czech Republic
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 128 00, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Machado
- Graduate
Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology, Instituto de Ciências
Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade
do Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
- Centre for
Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, Heidelberg
University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Markus Ganter
- Centre for
Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, Heidelberg
University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Viktoriya Levytska
- Institute
of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Academy
of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branišovská 1160/31, České Budějovice 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Sojka
- Institute
of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Academy
of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branišovská 1160/31, České Budějovice 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Truksa
- Institute
of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec 25250, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Werner
- Institute
of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec 25250, Czech Republic
- Laboratory
of Clinical Pathophysiology, Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21 Prague, Czech
Republic
| | - Robert Sutak
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty
of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec 25250, Czech Republic
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7
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Sharma P, Maklashina E, Voehler M, Balintova S, Dvorakova S, Kraus M, Hadrava Vanova K, Nahacka Z, Zobalova R, Boukalova S, Cunatova K, Mracek T, Ghayee HK, Pacak K, Rohlena J, Neuzil J, Cecchini G, Iverson TM. Disordered-to-ordered transitions in assembly factors allow the complex II catalytic subunit to switch binding partners. Nat Commun 2024; 15:473. [PMID: 38212624 PMCID: PMC10784507 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44563-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Complex II (CII) activity controls phenomena that require crosstalk between metabolism and signaling, including neurodegeneration, cancer metabolism, immune activation, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. CII activity can be regulated at the level of assembly, a process that leverages metastable assembly intermediates. The nature of these intermediates and how CII subunits transfer between metastable complexes remains unclear. In this work, we identify metastable species containing the SDHA subunit and its assembly factors, and we assign a preferred temporal sequence of appearance of these species during CII assembly. Structures of two species show that the assembly factors undergo disordered-to-ordered transitions without the appearance of significant secondary structure. The findings identify that intrinsically disordered regions are critical in regulating CII assembly, an observation that has implications for the control of assembly in other biomolecular complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Elena Maklashina
- Molecular Biology Division, San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Markus Voehler
- Department of Chemistry Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Center for Structural Biology Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Sona Balintova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50, Prague-West, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Dvorakova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kraus
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Hadrava Vanova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50, Prague-West, Czech Republic
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Zuzana Nahacka
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Zobalova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Stepana Boukalova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Cunatova
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Mracek
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hans K Ghayee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Florida College of Medicine and Malcom Randall, VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Karel Pacak
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Jakub Rohlena
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Neuzil
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50, Prague-West, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia.
- 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Gary Cecchini
- Molecular Biology Division, San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
| | - T M Iverson
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Center for Structural Biology Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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8
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Roy S, Das A, Bairagi A, Das D, Jha A, Srivastava AK, Chatterjee N. Mitochondria act as a key regulatory factor in cancer progression: Current concepts on mutations, mitochondrial dynamics, and therapeutic approach. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2024; 793:108490. [PMID: 38460864 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2024.108490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The diversified impacts of mitochondrial function vs. dysfunction have been observed in almost all disease conditions including cancers. Mitochondria play crucial roles in cellular homeostasis and integrity, however, mitochondrial dysfunctions influenced by alterations in the mtDNA can disrupt cellular balance. Many external stimuli or cellular defects that cause cellular integrity abnormalities, also impact mitochondrial functions. Imbalances in mitochondrial activity can initiate and lead to accumulations of genetic mutations and can promote the processes of tumorigenesis, progression, and survival. This comprehensive review summarizes epigenetic and genetic alterations that affect the functionality of the mitochondria, with considerations of cellular metabolism, and as influenced by ethnicity. We have also reviewed recent insights regarding mitochondrial dynamics, miRNAs, exosomes that play pivotal roles in cancer promotion, and the impact of mitochondrial dynamics on immune cell mechanisms. The review also summarizes recent therapeutic approaches targeting mitochondria in anti-cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sraddhya Roy
- Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37 S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Ananya Das
- Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37 S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Aparajita Bairagi
- Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37 S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Debangshi Das
- Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37 S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Ashna Jha
- Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37 S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Amit Kumar Srivastava
- CSIR-IICB Translational Research Unit Of Excellence, CN-6, Salt Lake, Sector - V, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Nabanita Chatterjee
- Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37 S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India.
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9
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Puurand M, Tepp K, Kaambre T. Diving into cancer OXPHOS - The application of metabolic control analysis to cell and tissue research. Biosystems 2023; 233:105032. [PMID: 37739307 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2023.105032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Knowing how the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system in cancer cells operates differently from that of normal cells would help find compounds that specifically paralyze the energy metabolism of cancer cells. The first experiments in the study of mitochondrial respiration using the metabolic control analysis (MCA) method were done with isolated liver mitochondria in the early 80s of the last century. Subsequent studies have shown that the regulation of mitochondrial respiration by ADP in isolated mitochondria differs significantly from a model of mitochondria in situ, where the contacts with components in the cytoplasm are largely preserved. The method of selective permeabilization of the outer membrane of the cells allows the application of MCA to evaluate the contribution of different components of the OXPHOS system to its functioning while mitochondria are in a natural state. In this review, we summarize the use of MCA to study OXPHOS in cancer using permeabilized cells and tissues. In addition, we give examples of how this data fits into cancer research with a completely different approach and methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marju Puurand
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Kersti Tepp
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Tuuli Kaambre
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
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10
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Yang Y, An Y, Ren M, Wang H, Bai J, Du W, Kong D. The mechanisms of action of mitochondrial targeting agents in cancer: inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation and inducing apoptosis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1243613. [PMID: 37954849 PMCID: PMC10635426 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1243613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment affects the structure and metabolic function of mitochondria in tumor cells. This process involves changes in metabolic activity, an increase in the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tumor cells compared to normal cells, the production of more intracellular free radicals, and the activation of oxidative pathways. From a practical perspective, it is advantageous to develop drugs that target mitochondria for the treatment of malignant tumors. Such drugs can enhance the selectivity of treatments for specific cell groups, minimize toxic effects on normal tissues, and improve combinational treatments. Mitochondrial targeting agents typically rely on small molecule medications (such as synthetic small molecules agents, active ingredients of plants, mitochondrial inhibitors or autophagy inhibitors, and others), modified mitochondrial delivery system agents (such as lipophilic cation modification or combining other molecules to form targeted mitochondrial agents), and a few mitochondrial complex inhibitors. This article will review these compounds in three main areas: oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), changes in ROS levels, and endogenous oxidative and apoptotic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yahui An
- Department of Pharmacy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mingli Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haijiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenli Du
- Department of Pharmacy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dezhi Kong
- Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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11
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Milenkovic D, Misic J, Hevler JF, Molinié T, Chung I, Atanassov I, Li X, Filograna R, Mesaros A, Mourier A, Heck AJR, Hirst J, Larsson NG. Preserved respiratory chain capacity and physiology in mice with profoundly reduced levels of mitochondrial respirasomes. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1799-1813.e7. [PMID: 37633273 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian respiratory chain complexes I, III2, and IV (CI, CIII2, and CIV) are critical for cellular bioenergetics and form a stable assembly, the respirasome (CI-CIII2-CIV), that is biochemically and structurally well documented. The role of the respirasome in bioenergetics and the regulation of metabolism is subject to intense debate and is difficult to study because the individual respiratory chain complexes coexist together with high levels of respirasomes. To critically investigate the in vivo role of the respirasome, we generated homozygous knockin mice that have normal levels of respiratory chain complexes but profoundly decreased levels of respirasomes. Surprisingly, the mutant mice are healthy, with preserved respiratory chain capacity and normal exercise performance. Our findings show that high levels of respirasomes are dispensable for maintaining bioenergetics and physiology in mice but raise questions about their alternate functions, such as those relating to the regulation of protein stability and prevention of age-associated protein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusanka Milenkovic
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jelena Misic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johannes F Hevler
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, the Netherlands
| | - Thibaut Molinié
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Injae Chung
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Ilian Atanassov
- Proteomics Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Xinping Li
- Proteomics Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Roberta Filograna
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Mesaros
- Phenotyping Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Arnaud Mourier
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, the Netherlands
| | - Judy Hirst
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
| | - Nils-Göran Larsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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12
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Vonka P, Rarova L, Bazgier V, Tichy V, Kolarova T, Holcakova J, Berka K, Kvasnica M, Oklestkova J, Kudova E, Strnad M, Hrstka R. Small change - big consequence: The impact of C15-C16 double bond in a D‑ring of estrone on estrogen receptor activity. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 233:106365. [PMID: 37468002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ER) is a key biomarker for breast cancer, and the presence or absence of ER in breast and other hormone-dependent cancers decides treatment regimens and patient prognosis. ER is activated after ligand binding - typically by steroid. 2682 steroid compounds were used in a molecular docking study to identify novel ligands for ER and to predict compounds that may show anticancer activity. The effect of the most promising compounds was determined by a novel luciferase reporter assay. Two compounds, 7 and 12, showing ER inhibitory activity comparable to clinical inhibitors such as tamoxifen or fulvestrant were selected. We propose that the inhibitory effect of compounds 7 and 12 on ER is related to the presence of a double bond in their D-ring, which may protect against ER activation by reducing the electron density of the keto group, or may undergo metabolism leading to an active compound. Western blotting revealed that compound 12 decreased the level of ER in the breast cancer cell line MCF7, which was associated with reduced expression of both isoforms of the progesterone receptor, a well-known downstream target of ER. However, compound 12 has a different mechanism of action from fulvestrant. Furthermore, we found that compound 12 interferes with mitochondrial functions, probably by disrupting the electron transport chain, leading to induction of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway even in ER-negative breast cancer cells. In conclusion, the combination of computational and experimental methods shown here represents a rapid approach to determine the activity of compounds towards ER. Our data will not only contribute to research focused on the regulation of ER activity but may also be useful for the further development of novel steroid receptor-targeted drugs applicable in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Vonka
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Žlutý kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Rarova
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Bazgier
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, třída 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vlastimil Tichy
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Žlutý kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tamara Kolarova
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Žlutý kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Holcakova
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Žlutý kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Berka
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, třída 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Kvasnica
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Oklestkova
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kudova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 166 10, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Hrstka
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Žlutý kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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13
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Bielcikova Z, Werner L, Stursa J, Cerny V, Krizova L, Spacek J, Hlousek S, Vocka M, Bartosova O, Pesta M, Kolostova K, Klezl P, Bobek V, Truksa J, Stemberkova-Hubackova S, Petruzelka L, Michalek P, Neuzil J. Mitochondrially targeted tamoxifen as anticancer therapy: case series of patients with renal cell carcinoma treated in a phase I/Ib clinical trial. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2023; 15:17588359231197957. [PMID: 37786538 PMCID: PMC10541747 DOI: 10.1177/17588359231197957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrially targeted anticancer drugs (mitocans) that disrupt the energy-producing systems of cancer are emerging as new potential therapeutics. Mitochondrially targeted tamoxifen (MitoTam), an inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration respiratory complex I, is a first-in-class mitocan that was tested in the phase I/Ib MitoTam-01 trial of patients with metastatic cancer. MitoTam exhibited a manageable safety profile and efficacy; among 37% (14/38) of responders, the efficacy was greatest in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with a clinical benefit rate of 83% (5/6) of patients. This can be explained by the preferential accumulation of MitoTam in the kidney tissue in preclinical studies. Here we report the mechanism of action and safety profile of MitoTam in a case series of RCC patients. All six patients were males with a median age of 69 years, who had previously received at least three lines of palliative systemic therapy and suffered progressive disease before starting MitoTam. We recorded stable disease in four, partial response in one, and progressive disease (PD) in one patient. The histological subtype matched clear cell RCC (ccRCC) in the five responders and claro-cellular carcinoma with sarcomatoid features in the non-responder. The number of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) was evaluated longitudinally to monitor disease dynamics. Beside the decreased number of CTCs after MitoTam administration, we observed a significant decrease of the mitochondrial network mass in enriched CTCs. Two patients had long-term clinical responses to MitoTam, of 50 and 36 weeks. Both patients discontinued treatment due to adverse events, not PD. Two patients who completed the trial in November 2019 and May 2020 are still alive without subsequent anticancer therapy. The toxicity of MitoTam increased with the dosage but was manageable. The efficacy of MitoTam in pretreated ccRCC patients is linked to the novel mechanism of action of this first-in-class mitochondrially targeted drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Bielcikova
- Department of Oncology, General Faculty Hospital, U Nemocnice 499/2, Prague 2, 128 08, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Werner
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prumyslova 595, Prague-West 252 50, Czech Republic Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Stursa
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West, Czech RepublicDiabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Cerny
- Department of Radiodiagnostics, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Krizova
- Department of Oncology, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Spacek
- Department of Oncology, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Hlousek
- Department of Oncology, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Vocka
- Department of Oncology, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Bartosova
- Institute of Pharmacology, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Pesta
- Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Kolostova
- Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, Oncology Clinic, Faculty Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Klezl
- Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, Oncology Clinic, Faculty Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic Urology Clinic, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Faculty Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Bobek
- Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, Oncology Clinic, Faculty Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Truksa
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Sona Stemberkova-Hubackova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West, Czech RepublicDiabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Lubos Petruzelka
- Department of Oncology, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Michalek
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Neuzil
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Qld 4222, Australia Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prumyslova 595, Prague-West 252 50, Czech Republic
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14
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Stefàno E, Cossa LG, De Castro F, De Luca E, Vergaro V, My G, Rovito G, Migoni D, Muscella A, Marsigliante S, Benedetti M, Fanizzi FP. Evaluation of the Antitumor Effects of Platinum-Based [Pt( η1-C 2H 4-OR)(DMSO)(phen)] + (R = Me, Et) Cationic Organometallic Complexes on Chemoresistant Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2023; 2023:5564624. [PMID: 37727647 PMCID: PMC10506884 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5564624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies with an increasing incidence and a high mortality rate, due to its rapid progression, invasiveness, and resistance to anticancer therapies. In this work, we evaluated the antiproliferative and antimigratory activities of the two organometallic compounds, [Pt(η1-C2H4-OMe)(DMSO)(phen)]Cl (1) and [Pt(η1-C2H4-OEt)(DMSO)(phen)]Cl (2), on three human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines with different sensitivity to cisplatin (Mia PaCa-2, PANC-1, and YAPC). The two cationic analogues showed superimposable antiproliferative effects on the tested cells, without significant differences depending on alkyl chain length (Me or Et). On the other hand, they demonstrated to be more effective than cisplatin, especially on YAPC cancer cells. For the interesting cytotoxic activity observed on YAPC, further biological assays were performed, on this cancer cell line, to evaluate the apoptotic and antimetastatic properties of the considered platinum compounds (1 and 2). The cytotoxicity of 1 and 2 compounds appeared to be related to their intracellular accumulation, which was much faster than that of cisplatin. Both 1 and 2 compounds significantly induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, with a high accumulation of sub-G1 phase cells, compared to cisplatin. Moreover, phenanthroline-containing complexes caused a rapid loss of mitochondria membrane potential, ΔΨM, if compared to cisplatin, probably due to their cationic and lipophilic properties. On 3D tumor spheroids, 1 and 2 significantly reduced migrated area more than cisplatin, confirming an antimetastatic ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Stefàno
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Luca Giulio Cossa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Federica De Castro
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Erik De Luca
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Viviana Vergaro
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Giulia My
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Gianluca Rovito
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Danilo Migoni
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonella Muscella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Santo Marsigliante
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Michele Benedetti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Fanizzi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
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15
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Neuzil J, Rohlena J, Werner L, Bielcikova Z. MitoTam-01 Trial: Mitochondrial Targeting as Plausible Approach to Cancer Therapy. Comment on Yap et al. Complex I Inhibitor of Oxidative Phosphorylation in Advanced Solid Tumors and Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Phase I Trials. Nat. Med. 2023, 29, 115-126. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4476. [PMID: 37760446 PMCID: PMC10526283 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A recent paper published in Nature Medicine reported on the Phase I clinical trial of a mitochondria-targeting anti-cancer agent IACS-01059 in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and solid tumors [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Neuzil
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Qld 4222, Australia
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.R.); (L.W.)
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Jakub Rohlena
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.R.); (L.W.)
| | - Lukas Werner
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.R.); (L.W.)
| | - Zuzana Bielcikova
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic;
- General University Hospital, Charles University, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
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16
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Cheng G, Karoui H, Hardy M, Kalyanaraman B. Redox-crippled MitoQ potently inhibits breast cancer and glioma cell proliferation: A negative control for verifying the antioxidant mechanism of MitoQ in cancer and other oxidative pathologies. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 205:175-187. [PMID: 37321281 PMCID: PMC11129726 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria-targeted coenzyme Q10 (Mito-ubiquinone, Mito-quinone mesylate, or MitoQ) was shown to be an effective antimetastatic drug in patients with triple-negative breast cancer. MitoQ, sold as a nutritional supplement, prevents breast cancer recurrence. It potently inhibited tumor growth and tumor cell proliferation in preclinical xenograft models and in vitro breast cancer cells. The proposed mechanism of action involves the inhibition of reactive oxygen species by MitoQ via a redox-cycling mechanism between the oxidized form, MitoQ, and the fully reduced form, MitoQH2 (also called Mito-ubiquinol). To fully corroborate this antioxidant mechanism, we substituted the hydroquinone group (-OH) with the methoxy group (-OCH3). Unlike MitoQ, the modified form, dimethoxy MitoQ (DM-MitoQ), lacks redox-cycling between the quinone and hydroquinone forms. DM-MitoQ was not converted to MitoQ in MDA-MB-231 cells. We tested the antiproliferative effects of both MitoQ and DM-MitoQ in human breast cancer (MDA-MB-231), brain-homing cancer (MDA-MB-231BR), and glioma (U87MG) cells. Surprisingly, DM-MitoQ was slightly more potent than MitoQ (IC50 = 0.26 μM versus 0.38 μM) at inhibiting proliferation of these cells. Both MitoQ and DM-MitoQ potently inhibited mitochondrial complex I-dependent oxygen consumption (IC50 = 0.52 μM and 0.17 μM, respectively). This study also suggests that DM-MitoQ, which is a more hydrophobic analog of MitoQ (logP: 10.1 and 8.7) devoid of antioxidant function and reactive oxygen species scavenging ability, can inhibit cancer cell proliferation. We conclude that inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation by MitoQ is responsible for inhibition of breast cancer and glioma proliferation and metastasis. Blunting the antioxidant effect using the redox-crippled DM-MitoQ can serve as a useful negative control in corroborating the involvement of free radical-mediated processes (e.g., ferroptosis, protein oxidation/nitration) using MitoQ in other oxidative pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Cheng
- Department of Biophysics, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, United States
| | - Hakim Karoui
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR, 7273, Marseille, 13013, France
| | - Micael Hardy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR, 7273, Marseille, 13013, France
| | - Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, United States.
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Jamabo M, Mahlalela M, Edkins AL, Boshoff A. Tackling Sleeping Sickness: Current and Promising Therapeutics and Treatment Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12529. [PMID: 37569903 PMCID: PMC10420020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Human African trypanosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by the extracellular protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei, and targeted for eradication by 2030. The COVID-19 pandemic contributed to the lengthening of the proposed time frame for eliminating human African trypanosomiasis as control programs were interrupted. Armed with extensive antigenic variation and the depletion of the B cell population during an infectious cycle, attempts to develop a vaccine have remained unachievable. With the absence of a vaccine, control of the disease has relied heavily on intensive screening measures and the use of drugs. The chemotherapeutics previously available for disease management were plagued by issues such as toxicity, resistance, and difficulty in administration. The approval of the latest and first oral drug, fexinidazole, is a major chemotherapeutic achievement for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis in the past few decades. Timely and accurate diagnosis is essential for effective treatment, while poor compliance and resistance remain outstanding challenges. Drug discovery is on-going, and herein we review the recent advances in anti-trypanosomal drug discovery, including novel potential drug targets. The numerous challenges associated with disease eradication will also be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miebaka Jamabo
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6139, South Africa; (M.J.); (M.M.)
| | - Maduma Mahlalela
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6139, South Africa; (M.J.); (M.M.)
| | - Adrienne L. Edkins
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Biotechnology Research Centre (BioBRU), Rhodes University, Makhanda 6139, South Africa;
| | - Aileen Boshoff
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6139, South Africa; (M.J.); (M.M.)
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18
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Ertugrul B, Aytatli A, Karatas OF, Saracoglu N. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of indole-modified tamoxifen relatives as potent anticancer agents. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1362-1376. [PMID: 37484572 PMCID: PMC10357932 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00157a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulation of existing drugs is an attractive strategy to achieve improved activity in cancer therapy by lowering their effective dose. Preparation of relatives has been suggested and explored to improve the therapeutic effect of anticancer agents. In the current study, we attempted to modulate tamoxifen (TMX) by replacing the C-phenyl ring in its backbone with an indole or oxindole. In addition, it was possible to convert indole-modified tamoxifens to the corresponding 3,3'-bis(indolyl)methanes (BIMs) via an electrophilic substitution reaction with various benzaldehydes. We analyzed the anticancer potential of these indole-modified tamoxifens against various breast cancer cell lines and identified certain tamoxifen relatives with the potential to treat estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers, based on preliminary results of cell viability and caspase activity assays. The indole-modified tamoxifen BIM-Z,Z-35b, BIM-Z,Z-35f, and E-33 selectively reduced the viability of receptor-sensitive breast cancer cells more effectively than tamoxifen and suppressed the expression of ER-regulated genes. Moreover, Caspase-8 activity showed a specific increase in MCF-7 cells treated with these compounds. Our results indicate that these compounds may be an alternative to tamoxifen for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berrak Ertugrul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ataturk University 25240 Erzurum Türkiye
| | - Abdulmelik Aytatli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University 25050 Erzurum Türkiye
- Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University 25050 Erzurum Türkiye
| | - Omer Faruk Karatas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University 25050 Erzurum Türkiye
- Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University 25050 Erzurum Türkiye
| | - Nurullah Saracoglu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ataturk University 25240 Erzurum Türkiye
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Kalyanaraman B, Cheng G, Hardy M, You M. OXPHOS-targeting drugs in oncology: new perspectives. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:939-952. [PMID: 37736880 PMCID: PMC11034819 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2261631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drugs targeting mitochondria are emerging as promising antitumor therapeutics in preclinical models. However, a few of these drugs have shown clinical toxicity. Developing mitochondria-targeted modified natural compounds and US FDA-approved drugs with increased therapeutic index in cancer is discussed as an alternative strategy. AREAS COVERED Triphenylphosphonium cation (TPP+)-based drugs selectively accumulate in the mitochondria of cancer cells due to their increased negative membrane potential, target the oxidative phosphorylation proteins, inhibit mitochondrial respiration, and inhibit tumor proliferation. TPP+-based drugs exert minimal toxic side effects in rodents and humans. These drugs can sensitize radiation and immunotherapies. EXPERT OPINION TPP+-based drugs targeting the tumor mitochondrial electron transport chain are a new class of oxidative phosphorylation inhibitors with varying antiproliferative and antimetastatic potencies. Some of these TPP+-based agents, which are synthesized from naturally occurring molecules and FDA-approved drugs, have been tested in mice and did not show notable toxicity, including neurotoxicity, when used at doses under the maximally tolerated dose. Thus, more effort should be directed toward the clinical translation of TPP+-based OXPHOS-inhibiting drugs in cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Gang Cheng
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Micael Hardy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, Marseille 13013, France
| | - Ming You
- Center for Cancer Prevention, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, United States
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20
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Kumar V, Haldar S, Saini S, Ghosh S, Dhankhar P, Roy P. Pterostilbene-isothiocyanate reduces miR-21 level by impeding Dicer-mediated processing of pre-miR-21 in 5-fluorouracil and tamoxifen-resistant human breast cancer cell lines. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:193. [PMID: 37205177 PMCID: PMC10185726 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03582-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Converging evidences identifies that microRNA-21 (miR-21) is responsible for drug resistance in breast cancer. This study aims to evaluate the miR-21-modulatory potential of a hybrid compound, pterostilbene-isothiocyanate (PTER-ITC), in tamoxifen-resistant MCF-7 (TR/MCF-7) and 5-fluorouracil-resistant MDA-MB 231 (5-FUR/MDA-MB 231) breast cancer cell lines, established by repeated exposure to gradually increasing the concentrations of tamoxifen and 5-fluorouracil, respectively. The outcome of this study shows that PTER-ITC effectively reduced the TR/MCF-7 (IC50: 37.21 µM) and 5-FUR/MDA-MB 231 (IC50: 47.00 µM) cell survival by inducing apoptosis, inhibiting cell migration, colony and spheroid formations in TR/MCF-7 cells, and invasiveness of 5-FUR/MDA-MB 231 cells. Most importantly, PTER-ITC significantly reduced the miR-21 expressions in these resistant cell lines. Moreover, the downstream tumor suppressor target gene of miR-21 such as PTEN, PDCD4, TIMP3, TPM1, and Fas L were upregulated after PTER-ITC treatment, as observed from transcriptional (RT-qPCR) and translational (immunoblotting) data. In silico and miR-immunoprecipitation (miR-IP) results showed reduced Dicer binding to pre-miR-21, after PTER-ITC treatment, indicating inhibition of miR-21 biogenesis. Collectively, the significance of this study is indicated by preliminary evidence for miR-21-modulatory effects of PTER-ITC that highlights the potential of this hybrid compound as an miR-21-targeting therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viney Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247 667 India
| | - Swati Haldar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247 667 India
- Centre of Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand India
- Present Address: Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, Uttarakhand India
| | - Saakshi Saini
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247 667 India
| | - Souvik Ghosh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247 667 India
- Centre of Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand India
| | - Poonam Dhankhar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247 667 India
- Present Address: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Partha Roy
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247 667 India
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Bachman LO, Zwezdaryk KJ. Targeting the Host Mitochondria as a Novel Human Cytomegalovirus Antiviral Strategy. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051083. [PMID: 37243170 DOI: 10.3390/v15051083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) exploits host mitochondrial function to promote viral replication. HCMV gene products have been described to directly interact and alter functional or structural aspects of host mitochondria. Current antivirals against HCMV, such as ganciclovir and letermovir, are designed against viral targets. Concerns with the current antivirals include toxicity and viral resistance. Targeting host mitochondrial function is a promising alternative or complimentary antiviral approach as (1) drugs targeting host mitochondrial function interact with host targets, minimizing viral resistance, and (2) host mitochondrial metabolism plays key roles in HCMV replication. This review describes how HCMV alters mitochondrial function and highlights pharmacological targets that can be exploited for novel antiviral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauryn O Bachman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Science and Engineering, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Kevin J Zwezdaryk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Raudenská M, Petrláková K, Juriňáková T, Leischner Fialová J, Fojtů M, Jakubek M, Rösel D, Brábek J, Masařík M. Engine shutdown: migrastatic strategies and prevention of metastases. Trends Cancer 2023; 9:293-308. [PMID: 36804341 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Most cancer-related deaths among patients with solid tumors are caused by metastases. Migrastatic strategies represent a unique therapeutic approach to prevent all forms of cancer cell migration and invasion. Because the migration machinery has been shown to promote metastatic dissemination, successful migrastatic therapy may reduce the need for high-dose cytotoxic therapies that are currently used to prevent the risk of metastatic dissemination. In this review we focus on anti-invasive and antimetastatic strategies that hold promise for the treatment of solid tumors. The best targets for migrastatic therapy would be those that are required by all forms of motility, such as ATP availability, mitochondrial metabolism, and cytoskeletal dynamics and cell contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Raudenská
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Petrláková
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tamara Juriňáková
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jindřiška Leischner Fialová
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Fojtů
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Jakubek
- BIOCEV (Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center in Vestec), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prumyslova 595, CZ-252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Rösel
- Department of Cell Biology, BIOCEV, Faculty of Science, Charles University, CZ-252 50, Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Brábek
- Department of Cell Biology, BIOCEV, Faculty of Science, Charles University, CZ-252 50, Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Masařík
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; BIOCEV (Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center in Vestec), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prumyslova 595, CZ-252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic.
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Wedam R, Greer YE, Wisniewski DJ, Weltz S, Kundu M, Voeller D, Lipkowitz S. Targeting Mitochondria with ClpP Agonists as a Novel Therapeutic Opportunity in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15071936. [PMID: 37046596 PMCID: PMC10093243 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15071936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy worldwide and the leading cause of cancer mortality in women. Despite the recent development of new therapeutics including targeted therapies and immunotherapy, triple-negative breast cancer remains an aggressive form of breast cancer, and thus improved treatments are needed. In recent decades, it has become increasingly clear that breast cancers harbor metabolic plasticity that is controlled by mitochondria. A myriad of studies provide evidence that mitochondria are essential to breast cancer progression. Mitochondria in breast cancers are widely reprogrammed to enhance energy production and biosynthesis of macromolecules required for tumor growth. In this review, we will discuss the current understanding of mitochondrial roles in breast cancers and elucidate why mitochondria are a rational therapeutic target. We will then outline the status of the use of mitochondria-targeting drugs in breast cancers, and highlight ClpP agonists as emerging mitochondria-targeting drugs with a unique mechanism of action. We also illustrate possible drug combination strategies and challenges in the future breast cancer clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Wedam
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yoshimi Endo Greer
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David J Wisniewski
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sarah Weltz
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Manjari Kundu
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Donna Voeller
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stanley Lipkowitz
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Bielcikova Z, Stursa J, Krizova L, Dong L, Spacek J, Hlousek S, Vocka M, Rohlenova K, Bartosova O, Cerny V, Padrta T, Pesta M, Michalek P, Hubackova SS, Kolostova K, Pospisilova E, Bobek V, Klezl P, Zobalova R, Endaya B, Rohlena J, Petruzelka L, Werner L, Neuzil J. Mitochondrially targeted tamoxifen in patients with metastatic solid tumours: an open-label, phase I/Ib single-centre trial. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 57:101873. [PMID: 37064512 PMCID: PMC10102891 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondria present an emerging target for cancer treatment. We have investigated the effect of mitochondrially targeted tamoxifen (MitoTam), a first-in-class anti-cancer agent, in patients with solid metastatic tumours. Methods MitoTam was tested in an open-label, single-centre (Department of Oncology, General Faculty Hospital, Charles University, Czech Republic), phase I/Ib trial in metastatic patients with various malignancies and terminated oncological therapies. In total, 75 patients were enrolled between May 23, 2018 and July 22, 2020. Phase I evaluated escalating doses of MitoTam in two therapeutic regimens using the 3 + 3 design to establish drug safety and maximum tolerated dose (MTD). In phase Ib, three dosing regimens were applied over 8 and 6 weeks to evaluate long-term toxicity of MitoTam as the primary objective and its anti-cancer effect as a secondary objective. This trial was registered with the European Medicines Agency under EudraCT 2017-004441-25. Findings In total, 37 patients were enrolled into phase I and 38 into phase Ib. In phase I, the initial application of MitoTam via peripheral vein indicated high risk of thrombophlebitis, which was avoided by central vein administration. The highest dose with acceptable side effects was 5.0 mg/kg. The prevailing adverse effects (AEs) in phase I were neutropenia (30%), anaemia (30%) and fever/hyperthermia (30%), and in phase Ib fever/hyperthermia (58%) together with anaemia (26%) and neutropenia (16%). Serious AEs were mostly related to thromboembolic (TE) complications that affected 5% and 13% of patients in phase I and Ib, respectively. The only statistically significant AE related to MitoTam treatment was anaemia in phase Ib (p = 0.004). Of the tested regimens weekly dosing with 3.0 mg/kg for 6 weeks afforded the best safety profile with almost all being grade 1 (G1) AEs. Altogether, five fatalities occurred during the study, two of them meeting criteria for Suspected Unexpected Serious Adverse Events Reporting (SUSAR) (G4 thrombocytopenia and G5 stroke). MitoTam showed benefit evaluated as clinical benefit rate (CBR) in 37% patients with the largest effect in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) where four out of six patients reached disease stabilisation (SD), one reached partial response (PR) so that in total, five out of six (83%) patients showed CBR. Interpretation In this study, the MTD was established as 5.0 mg/kg and the recommended dose of MitoTam as 3.0 mg/kg given once per week via central vein with recommended preventive anti-coagulation therapy. The prevailing toxicity included haematological AEs, hyperthermia/fever and TE complications. One fatal stroke and non-fatal G4 thrombocytopenia were recorded. MitoTam showed high efficacy against RCC. Funding Smart Brain Ltd. Translation For the Czech translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Bielcikova
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and General University Hospital, Prague 128 08, Czech Republic
- Corresponding author. Department of Oncology, General Faculty Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 499/2, Prague 2 128 08, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Stursa
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West 252 50, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Krizova
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and General University Hospital, Prague 128 08, Czech Republic
| | - Lanfeng Dong
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Qld 4222, Australia
| | - Jan Spacek
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and General University Hospital, Prague 128 08, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Hlousek
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and General University Hospital, Prague 128 08, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Vocka
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and General University Hospital, Prague 128 08, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Rohlenova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West 252 50, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Bartosova
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague 128 08, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Cerny
- Department of Radiodiagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and General University Hospital, Prague 128 08, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Padrta
- Department of Radiodiagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and General University Hospital, Prague 128 08, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Pesta
- Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague 121 06, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Michalek
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague 128 08, Czech Republic
| | - Sona Stemberkova Hubackova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West 252 50, Czech Republic
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague 4 140 21, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Kolostova
- Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, Oncology Clinic, Faculty Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague 10 100 34, Czech Republic
| | - Eliska Pospisilova
- Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, Oncology Clinic, Faculty Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague 10 100 34, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Bobek
- Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, Oncology Clinic, Faculty Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague 10 100 34, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Klezl
- Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, Oncology Clinic, Faculty Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague 10 100 34, Czech Republic
- Urology Clinic, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Faculty Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague 10 100 34, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Zobalova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West 252 50, Czech Republic
| | - Berwini Endaya
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West 252 50, Czech Republic
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 2 128 08, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Rohlena
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West 252 50, Czech Republic
| | - Lubos Petruzelka
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and General University Hospital, Prague 128 08, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Werner
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West 252 50, Czech Republic
- Corresponding author. Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prumyslova 595, Prague-West 252 50, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiri Neuzil
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West 252 50, Czech Republic
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Qld 4222, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 2 128 08, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 2 128 00, Czech Republic
- Corresponding author. School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Parklands Avenue, 4222 Southport, Qld, Australia, or Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prumyslova 595, Prague-West 252 50, Czech Republic.
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25
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Application Prospects of Triphenylphosphine-Based Mitochondria-Targeted Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030666. [PMID: 36765624 PMCID: PMC9913854 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death and the most important impediments to the efforts to increase life expectancy worldwide. Currently, chemotherapy is the main treatment for cancer, but it is often accompanied by side effects that affect normal tissues and organs. The search for new alternatives to chemotherapy has been a hot research topic in the field of antineoplastic medicine. Drugs targeting diseased tissues or cells can significantly improve the efficacy of drugs. Therefore, organelle-targeted antitumor drugs are being explored, such as mitochondria-targeted antitumor drugs. Mitochondria is the central site of cellular energy production and plays an important role in cell survival and death. Moreover, a large number of studies have shown a close association between mitochondrial metabolism and tumorigenesis and progression, making mitochondria a promising new target for cancer therapy. Combining mitochondrial targeting agents with drug molecules is an effective way of mitochondrial targeting. In addition, hyperpolarized tumor cell membranes and mitochondrial membrane potentially allow selective accumulation of mitochondria-targeted drugs. This enhances the direct killing of tumor cells by drug molecules while minimizing the potential toxicity to normal cells. In this review, we discuss the common pro-mitochondrial agents, the advantages of triphenylphosphine (TPP) in mitochondrial-targeted cancer therapy and systematically summarize various TPP-based mitochondria-targeting anticancer drugs.
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Kafkova A, Tilokani L, Trčka F, Šrámková V, Vancová M, Bílý T, Nebesářová J, Prudent J, Trnka J. Selective and reversible disruption of mitochondrial inner membrane protein complexes by lipophilic cations. Mitochondrion 2023; 68:60-71. [PMID: 36402364 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Triphenylphosphonium (TPP) derivatives are commonly used to target chemical into mitochondria. We show that alkyl-TPP cause reversible, dose- and hydrophobicity-dependent alterations of mitochondrial morphology and function and a selective decrease of mitochondrial inner membrane proteins including subunits of the respiratory chain complexes, as well as components of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex. The treatment with alkyl-TPP resulted in the cleavage of the pro-fusion and cristae organisation regulator Optic atrophy-1. The structural and functional effects of alkyl-TPP were found to be reversible and not merely due to loss of membrane potential. A similar effect was observed with the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anezka Kafkova
- Laboratory for Metabolism and Bioenergetics, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Lisa Tilokani
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Filip Trčka
- Laboratory for Metabolism and Bioenergetics, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Šrámková
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Vancová
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Bílý
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Nebesářová
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Julien Prudent
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Jan Trnka
- Laboratory for Metabolism and Bioenergetics, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Czech Republic.
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Hyroššová P, Milošević M, Škoda J, Vachtenheim Jr J, Rohlena J, Rohlenová K. Effects of metabolic cancer therapy on tumor microenvironment. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1046630. [PMID: 36582801 PMCID: PMC9793001 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1046630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting tumor metabolism for cancer therapy is an old strategy. In fact, historically the first effective cancer therapeutics were directed at nucleotide metabolism. The spectrum of metabolic drugs considered in cancer increases rapidly - clinical trials are in progress for agents directed at glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, glutaminolysis and several others. These pathways are essential for cancer cell proliferation and redox homeostasis, but are also required, to various degrees, in other cell types present in the tumor microenvironment, including immune cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts. How metabolism-targeted treatments impact these tumor-associated cell types is not fully understood, even though their response may co-determine the overall effectivity of therapy. Indeed, the metabolic dependencies of stromal cells have been overlooked for a long time. Therefore, it is important that metabolic therapy is considered in the context of tumor microenvironment, as understanding the metabolic vulnerabilities of both cancer and stromal cells can guide new treatment concepts and help better understand treatment resistance. In this review we discuss recent findings covering the impact of metabolic interventions on cellular components of the tumor microenvironment and their implications for metabolic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Hyroššová
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Mirko Milošević
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia,Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Josef Škoda
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiří Vachtenheim Jr
- 3rd Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jakub Rohlena
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia,*Correspondence: Kateřina Rohlenová, ; Jakub Rohlena,
| | - Kateřina Rohlenová
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia,*Correspondence: Kateřina Rohlenová, ; Jakub Rohlena,
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Grymel M, Lalik A, Kazek-Kęsik A, Szewczyk M, Grabiec P, Erfurt K. Design, Synthesis and Preliminary Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial Activity of Novel Triphenylphosphonium Derivatives of Betulin. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165156. [PMID: 36014398 PMCID: PMC9416257 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For several decades, natural products have been widely researched and their native scaffolds are the basis for the design and synthesis of new potential therapeutic agents. Betulin is an interesting biologically attractive natural parent molecule with a high safety profile and can easily undergo a variety of structural modifications. Herein, we describe the synthesis of new molecular hybrids of betulin via covalent linkage with an alkyltriphenylphosphonium moiety. The proposed strategy enables the preparation of semi-synthetic derivatives (28-TPP⊕ BN and 3,28-bisTPP⊕ BN) from betulin through simple transformations in high yields. The obtained results showed that the presence of a lipophilic cation improved the solubility of the tested analogs compared to betulin, and increased their cytotoxicity. Among the triphenylphosphonium derivatives tested, analogs 7a (IC50 of 5.56 µM) and 7b (IC50 of 5.77 µM) demonstrated the highest cytotoxicity against the colorectal carcinoma cell line (HCT 116). TPP⊕-conjugates with betulin showed antimicrobial properties against Gram-positive reference Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 bacteria, at a 200 µM concentration in water. Hence, the conjugation of betulin's parent backbone with a triphenylphosphonium moiety promotes transport through the hydrophobic barriers of the mitochondrial membrane, making it a promising strategy to improve the bioavailability of natural substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosława Grymel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-032-237-1873; Fax: +48-032-237-2094
| | - Anna Lalik
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Alicja Kazek-Kęsik
- Department of Inorganic, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Marietta Szewczyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Patrycja Grabiec
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Karol Erfurt
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Repurposing of MitoTam: Novel Anti-Cancer Drug Candidate Exhibits Potent Activity against Major Protozoan and Fungal Pathogens. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2022; 66:e0072722. [PMID: 35856666 PMCID: PMC9380531 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00727-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of the currently available anti-parasitic and anti-fungal frontline drugs have severe limitations, including adverse side effects, complex administration, and increasing occurrence of resistance. The discovery and development of new therapeutic agents is a costly and lengthy process. Therefore, repurposing drugs with already established clinical application offers an attractive, fast-track approach for novel treatment options. In this study, we show that the anti-cancer drug candidate MitoTam, a mitochondria-targeted analog of tamoxifen, efficiently eliminates a wide range of evolutionarily distinct pathogens in vitro, including pathogenic fungi, Plasmodium falciparum, and several species of trypanosomatid parasites, causative agents of debilitating neglected tropical diseases. MitoTam treatment was also effective in vivo and significantly reduced parasitemia of two medically important parasites, Leishmania mexicana and Trypanosoma brucei, in their respective animal infection models. Functional analysis in the bloodstream form of T. brucei showed that MitoTam rapidly altered mitochondrial functions, particularly affecting cellular respiration, lowering ATP levels, and dissipating mitochondrial membrane potential. Our data suggest that the mode of action of MitoTam involves disruption of the inner mitochondrial membrane, leading to rapid organelle depolarization and cell death. Altogether, MitoTam is an excellent candidate drug against several important pathogens, for which there are no efficient therapies and for which drug development is not a priority.
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30
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Long C, Guo R, Han R, Li K, Wan Y, Xu J, Gong X, Zhao Y, Yao X, Liu J. Effects of macrophages on the proliferation and cardiac differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:108. [PMID: 35850719 PMCID: PMC9290307 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00916-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Macrophage phenotypes switch from proinflammatory (M1) to anti-inflammatory (M2) following myocardial injury. Implanted stem cells (e.g., induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)) for cardiomyogenesis will inevitably contact the inflammatory environment at the myocardial infarction site. To understand how the macrophages affect the behavior of iPSCs, therefore, improve the therapeutic efficacy, we generated three macrophage subtypes and assessed their effects on the proliferation, cardiac differentiation, and maturation of iPSCs. Methods M0, M1, and M2 macrophages were polarized using cytokines, and their properties were confirmed by the expression of specific markers using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunofluorescence. The effects of macrophages on iPSCs were studied using Transwell co-culture models. The proliferative ability of iPSCs was investigated by cell counting and CCK-8 assays. The cardiac differentiation ability of iPSCs was determined by the cardiomyocyte (CM) yield. The maturation of CM was analyzed by the expression of cardiac-specific genes using RT-qPCR, the sarcomere organization using immunofluorescence, and the mitochondrial function using oxidative respiration analysis. Results The data showed that the co-culture of iPSCs with M0, M1, or M2 macrophages significantly decreased iPSCs’ proliferative ability. M2 macrophages did not affect the CM yield during the cardiac differentiation of iPSCs. Still, they promoted the maturation of CM by improving sarcomeric structures, increasing contractile- and ion transport-associated gene expression, and enhancing mitochondrial respiration. M0 macrophages did not significantly affect the cardiomyogenesis ability of iPSCs during co-culture. In contrast, co-culture with M1 macrophages significantly reduced the cardiac differentiation and maturation of iPSCs. Conclusions M1- or M2-polarized macrophages play critical roles in the proliferation, cardiac differentiation, and maturation of iPSCs, providing knowledge to improve the outcomes of stem cell regeneration therapy. Video abstract
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-022-00916-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canling Long
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruijuan Han
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Kang Li
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanbing Wan
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiqing Xu
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Gong
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanqiu Zhao
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinhuang Yao
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China.
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31
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Kalyanaraman B, Cheng G, Hardy M. Therapeutic Targeting of Tumor Cells and Tumor Immune Microenvironment Vulnerabilities. Front Oncol 2022; 12:816504. [PMID: 35756631 PMCID: PMC9214210 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.816504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic targeting of tumor vulnerabilities is emerging as a key area of research. This review is focused on exploiting the vulnerabilities of tumor cells and the immune cells in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), including tumor hypoxia, tumor acidity, the bidirectional proton-coupled monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) of lactate, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and redox enzymes in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Cancer cells use glucose for energy even under normoxic conditions. Although cancer cells predominantly rely on glycolysis, many have fully functional mitochondria, suggesting that mitochondria are a vulnerable target organelle in cancer cells. Thus, one key distinction between cancer and normal cell metabolism is metabolic reprogramming. Mitochondria-targeted small molecule inhibitors of OXPHOS inhibit tumor proliferation and growth. Another hallmark of cancer is extracellular acidification due lactate accumulation. Emerging results show that lactate acts as a fuel for mitochondrial metabolism and supports tumor proliferation and growth. Metabolic reprogramming occurs in glycolysis-deficient tumor phenotypes and in kinase-targeted, drug-resistant cancers overexpressing OXPHOS genes. Glycolytic cancer cells located away from the vasculature overexpress MCT4 transporter to prevent overacidification by exporting lactate, and the oxidative cancer cells located near the vasculature express MCT1 transporter to provide energy through incorporation of lactate into the tricarboxylic acid cycle. MCTs are, therefore, a vulnerable target in cancer metabolism. MCT inhibitors exert synthetic lethality in combination with metformin, a weak inhibitor of OXPHOS, in cancer cells. Simultaneously targeting multiple vulnerabilities within mitochondria shows synergistic antiproliferative and antitumor effects. Developing tumor-selective, small molecule inhibitors of OXPHOS with a high therapeutic index is critical to fully exploiting the mitochondrial vulnerabilities. We and others developed small-molecule inhibitors containing triphenylphosphonium cation that potently inhibit OXPHOS in tumor cells and tissues. Factors affecting tumor cell vulnerabilities also impact immune cells in the TIME. Glycolytic tumor cells supply lactate to the tumor-suppressing regulatory T cells overexpressing MCTs. Therapeutic opportunities for targeting vulnerabilities in tumor cells and the TIME, as well as the implications on cancer health disparities and cancer treatment, are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Center for Disease Prevention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Gang Cheng
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Micael Hardy
- Aix Marseille Univ, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR), Marseille, France
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Mitochondrially targeted tamoxifen alleviates markers of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1866. [PMID: 35387987 PMCID: PMC8987092 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29486-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus represents a major health problem with increasing prevalence worldwide. Limited efficacy of current therapies has prompted a search for novel therapeutic options. Here we show that treatment of pre-diabetic mice with mitochondrially targeted tamoxifen, a potential anti-cancer agent with senolytic activity, improves glucose tolerance and reduces body weight with most pronounced reduction of visceral adipose tissue due to reduced food intake, suppressed adipogenesis and elimination of senescent cells. Glucose-lowering effect of mitochondrially targeted tamoxifen is linked to improvement of type 2 diabetes mellitus-related hormones profile and is accompanied by reduced lipid accumulation in liver. Lower senescent cell burden in various tissues, as well as its inhibitory effect on pre-adipocyte differentiation, results in lower level of circulating inflammatory mediators that typically enhance metabolic dysfunction. Targeting senescence with mitochodrially targeted tamoxifen thus represents an approach to the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its related comorbidities, promising a complex impact on senescence-related pathologies in aging population of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with potential translation into the clinic. Senescent cells play a role in pathogenesis of diabetes, and senolytic agents can improve obesity- and diabetes-related pathologies. Here the authors report that mitochondrially targeted tamoxifen, a potential anti-cancer agent with senolytic activity, alleviates symptoms of obesity and prediabetes in mice, potentially via reduction of food intake and elimination of senescent cells.
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Stemberkova-Hubackova S, Zobalova R, Dubisova M, Smigova J, Dvorakova S, Korinkova K, Ezrova Z, Endaya B, Blazkova K, Vlcak E, Brisudova P, Le DDT, Juhas S, Rosel D, Daniela Kelemen C, Sovilj D, Vacurova E, Cajka T, Filimonenko V, Dong L, Andera L, Hozak P, Brabek J, Bielcikova Z, Stursa J, Werner L, Neuzil J. Simultaneous targeting of mitochondrial metabolism and immune checkpoints as a new strategy for renal cancer therapy. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e645. [PMID: 35352502 PMCID: PMC8964933 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Renata Zobalova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Dubisova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Smigova
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Dvorakova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Korinkova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Ezrova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Berwini Endaya
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West, Czech Republic.,School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Qld, Australia
| | - Kristyna Blazkova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Erik Vlcak
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Brisudova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Dan-Diem Thi Le
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Stefan Juhas
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, PIGMOD Centre, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Rosel
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - Cristina Daniela Kelemen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Sovilj
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Eliska Vacurova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Cajka
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Vlada Filimonenko
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Lanfeng Dong
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Qld, Australia
| | - Ladislav Andera
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hozak
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Brabek
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jan Stursa
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Werner
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Neuzil
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-West, Czech Republic.,School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Qld, Australia
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Yaqoob MD, Xu L, Li C, Leong MML, Xu DD. Targeting Mitochondria for Cancer Photodynamic Therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 38:102830. [PMID: 35341979 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer remains a health-related concern globally from the ancient times till to date. The application of light to be used as therapeutic potential/agent has been used for several thousands of years. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a modern, non-invasive therapeutic modality for the treatment of various infections by bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Mitochondria are subcellular, double-membrane organelles that have the role in cancer and anticancer therapy. Mitochondria play a key role in regulation of apoptosis and these organelles produce most of the cell's energy which enhance its targeting objective. The role of mitochondria in anticancer approach is achieved by targeting its metabolism (glycolysis and TCA cycle) and apoptotic and ROS homeostasis. The role of mitochondria-targeted cancer therapies in photodynamic therapy have proven to be more effective than other similar non-targeting techniques. Particularly in PDT, mitochondria-targeting sensitizers are important as they have a crucial role in overcoming the hypoxia factor, resulting in high efficacy. IR-730 and IR-Pyr are the indocyine derivatives photosensitizers that play a crucial role in targeting mitochondria because of their better photostability during laser irradiation. Clinical and pre-clinical trials are going on this approach to target different solid tumors using mitochondrial targeted photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Danish Yaqoob
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, PR China; Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Long Xu
- Department of Radiology, Central Hospital of Dongying District, Dongying, Shandong, PR China
| | - Chuanfeng Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Merrin Man Long Leong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Dan Dan Xu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
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35
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Hönigova K, Navratil J, Peltanova B, Polanska HH, Raudenska M, Masarik M. Metabolic tricks of cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188705. [PMID: 35276232 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
One of the characteristics of cancer cells important for tumorigenesis is their metabolic plasticity. Indeed, in various stress conditions, cancer cells can reshape their metabolic pathways to support the increased energy request due to continuous growth and rapid proliferation. Moreover, selective pressures in the tumor microenvironment, such as hypoxia, acidosis, and competition for resources, force cancer cells to adapt by complete reorganization of their metabolism. In this review, we highlight the characteristics of cancer metabolism and discuss its clinical significance, since overcoming metabolic plasticity of cancer cells is a key objective of modern cancer therapeutics and a better understanding of metabolic reprogramming may lead to the identification of possible targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Hönigova
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Navratil
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Peltanova
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Holcova Polanska
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Raudenska
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Masarik
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prumyslova 595, CZ-252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic.
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36
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Kalyanaraman B. Exploiting the tumor immune microenvironment and immunometabolism using mitochondria-targeted drugs: Challenges and opportunities in racial disparity and cancer outcome research. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22226. [PMID: 35233843 PMCID: PMC9242412 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101862r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Black and Hispanic cancer patients have a higher incidence of cancer mortality. Many factors (e.g., socioeconomic differences, insufficient access to healthcare) contribute to racial disparity. Emerging research implicates biological disparity in cancer outcomes. Studies show distinct differences in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in Black cancer patients. Studies also have linked altered mitochondrial metabolism to changes in immune cell activation in TIME. Recent publications revealed a novel immunomodulatory role for triphenylphosphonium‐based mitochondrial‐targeted drugs (MTDs). These are synthetically modified, naturally occurring molecules (e.g., honokiol, magnolol, metformin) or FDA‐approved small molecule drugs (e.g., atovaquone, hydroxyurea). Modifications involve conjugating the parent molecule via an alkyl linker chain to a triphenylphosphonium moiety. These modified molecules (e.g., Mito‐honokiol, Mito‐magnolol, Mito‐metformin, Mito‐atovaquone, Mito‐hydroxyurea) accumulate in tumor cell mitochondria more effectively than in normal cells and inhibit mitochondrial respiration, induce reactive oxygen species, activate AMPK and redox transcription factors, and inhibit cancer cell proliferation. Besides these intrinsic effects of MTDs in redox signaling and proliferation in tumors, MTDs induced extrinsic effects in the TIME of mouse xenografts. MTD treatment inhibited tumor‐suppressive immune cells, myeloid‐derived suppressor cells, and regulatory T cells, and activated T cells and antitumor immune effects. One key biological disparity in Black cancer patients was related to altered mitochondrial oxidative metabolism; MTDs targeting vulnerabilities in tumor cells and the TIME may help us understand this biological disparity. Clinical trials should include an appropriate number of Black and Hispanic cancer patients and should validate the intratumoral, antihypoxic effects of MTDs with imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Center for Disease Prevention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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37
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Bedi M, Ray M, Ghosh A. Active mitochondrial respiration in cancer: a target for the drug. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:345-361. [PMID: 34716860 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The relative contribution of mitochondrial respiration and subsequent energy production in malignant cells has remained controversial to date. Enhanced aerobic glycolysis and impaired mitochondrial respiration have gained more attention in the metabolic study of cancer. In contrast to the popular concept, mitochondria of cancer cells oxidize a diverse array of metabolic fuels to generate a majority of the cellular energy by respiration. Several mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) subunits' expressions are critical for the growth, metastasis, and cancer cell invasion. Also, the assembly factors, which regulate the integration of individual MRC complexes into native super-complexes, are upregulated in cancer. Moreover, a series of anti-cancer drugs function by inhibiting respiration and ATP production. In this review, we have specified the roles of mitochondrial fuels, MRC subunits, and super-complex assembly factors that promote active respiration across different cancer types and discussed the potential roles of MRC inhibitor drugs in controlling cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minakshi Bedi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019, India
| | - Manju Ray
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P 1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Science & Humanities GLA University Mathura, 17km Stone, NH-2, Mathura-Delhi Road, Mathura, UP, 281 406, India
| | - Alok Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019, India.
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Bahr T, Katuri J, Liang T, Bai Y. Mitochondrial chaperones in human health and disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 179:363-374. [PMID: 34780988 PMCID: PMC8893670 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Molecular chaperones are a family of proteins that maintain cellular protein homeostasis through non-covalent peptide folding and quality control mechanisms. The chaperone proteins found within mitochondria play significant protective roles in mitochondrial biogenesis, quality control, and stress response mechanisms. Defective mitochondrial chaperones have been implicated in aging, neurodegeneration, and cancer. In this review, we focus on the two most prominent mitochondrial chaperones: mtHsp60 and mtHsp70. These proteins demonstrate different cellular localization patterns, interact with different targets, and have different functional activities. We discuss the structure and function of these prominent mitochondrial chaperone proteins and give an update on newly discovered regulatory mechanisms and disease implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Bahr
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Joshua Katuri
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Ting Liang
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Yidong Bai
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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Liu Y, Zhang J, Tu Y, Zhu L. Potential-Independent Intracellular Drug Delivery and Mitochondrial Targeting. ACS NANO 2022; 16:1409-1420. [PMID: 34920667 PMCID: PMC9623822 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two types of the fluoroamphiphile analogs were synthesized and self-assembled into the "core-shell" micellar nanocarriers for intracellular delivery and organelle targeting. Using the fluorescent dyes or vitamin E succinate as the cargo, the drug delivery and targeting capabilities of the fluoroamphiphiles and their micelles were evaluated in the cell lines, tumor cell spheroids, and tumor-bearing mice. The "core-fluorinated" micelles exhibited favorable physicochemical properties and improved the cellular uptake of the cargo by around 20 times compared to their "shell-fluorinated" counterparts. The results also indicated that the core-fluorinated micelles underwent an efficient clathrin-mediated endocytosis and a rapid endosomal escape thereafter. Interestingly, the internalized fluoroamphiphile micelles preferentially accumulated in mitochondria, by which the efficacy of the loaded vitamin E succinate was boosted both in vitro and in vivo. Unlike the popularly used cationic mitochondrial targeting ligands, as a charge-neutral nanocarrier, the fluoroamphiphiles' mitochondrial targeting was potential independent. The mechanism study suggested that the strong binding affinity with the phospholipids, particularly the cardiolipin, played an important role in the fluoroamphiphiles' mitochondrial targeting. These charge-neutral fluoroamphiphiles might have great potential to be a simple and reliable tool for intracellular drug delivery and mitochondrial targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 330106, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Ying Tu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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40
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Regulation and functional role of the electron transport chain supercomplexes. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:2655-2668. [PMID: 34747989 PMCID: PMC8786287 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are one of the most exhaustively investigated organelles in the cell and most attention has been paid to the components of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) in the last 100 years. The ETC collects electrons from NADH or FADH2 and transfers them through a series of electron carriers within multiprotein respiratory complexes (complex I to IV) to oxygen, therefore generating an electrochemical gradient that can be used by the F1-F0-ATP synthase (also named complex V) in the mitochondrial inner membrane to synthesize ATP. The organization and function of the ETC is a continuous source of surprises. One of the latest is the discovery that the respiratory complexes can assemble to form a variety of larger structures called super-complexes (SCs). This opened an unexpected level of complexity in this well-known and fundamental biological process. This review will focus on the current evidence for the formation of different SCs and will explore how they modulate the ETC organization according to the metabolic state. Since the field is rapidly growing, we also comment on the experimental techniques used to describe these SC and hope that this overview may inspire new technologies that will help to advance the field.
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Zhang X, Zhang L, Wang X, Han X, Huang Y, Li B, Chen L. Visualizing and evaluating mitochondrial cysteine via near-infrared fluorescence imaging in cells, tissues and in vivo under hypoxia/reperfusion stress. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 419:126476. [PMID: 34323707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Increasingly grim environmental pollutions are closely related with the occurrence and development of diseases. However, it's obscure how environmental stress disturbs the normal physiological process, and then how endogenous reactive species mend the cases. Hypoxia/reperfusion (H/R), a common and intractable injury in aquaculture and clinic, can induce oxidative stress and ultimately cause irreversible injury to organism. Cysteine (Cys) plays essential roles in maintaining transduction of numerous reactive species and redox homeostasis in subcellular structures, cells and organisms. A great deal of fluorescence research about Cys are focusing on development of selective probes but with poor exploration of the biofunction under environmental stress. Therefore, it is of great significance to examine the bio-effects of Cys against H/R stress. In the present work, we design a fluorescent probe BCy-AC for in situ detecting Cys, the unique Enol-Keto tautomerization of fluorophore BCy-Keto propels the reaction process which will improve the sensitivity and potential application performance of the probe. BCy-AC is conveniently applied to visualize Cys in HT-22 cells, zebrafish and mice tissues. Moreover, imaging results obtained from H/R models reveal that endogenous Cys changes with hypoxia and reperfusion time and Cys pretreatment effectively defend H/R injury in cells and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liangwei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Xiaoyue Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Bowei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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42
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Fialova JL, Raudenska M, Jakubek M, Kejik Z, Martasek P, Babula P, Matkowski A, Filipensky P, Masarik M. Novel Mitochondria-targeted Drugs for Cancer Therapy. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:816-832. [PMID: 33213355 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666201118153242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The search for mitochondria-targeted drugs has dramatically risen over the last decade. Mitochondria are essential organelles serving not only as a powerhouse of the cell but also as a key player in cell proliferation and cell death. Their central role in the energetic metabolism, calcium homeostasis and apoptosis makes them an intriguing field of interest for cancer pharmacology. In cancer cells, many mitochondrial signaling and metabolic pathways are altered. These changes contribute to cancer development and progression. Due to changes in mitochondrial metabolism and changes in membrane potential, cancer cells are more susceptible to mitochondria-targeted therapy. The loss of functional mitochondria leads to the arrest of cancer progression and/or a cancer cell death. Identification of mitochondrial changes specific for tumor growth and progression, rational development of new mitochondria-targeted drugs and research on delivery agents led to the advance of this promising area. This review will highlight the current findings in mitochondrial biology, which are important for cancer initiation, progression and resistance, and discuss approaches of cancer pharmacology with a special focus on the anti-cancer drugs referred to as 'mitocans'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindriska Leischner Fialova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Raudenska
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Jakubek
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, CZ-121 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Kejik
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, CZ-121 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Martasek
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, CZ-121 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Babula
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Matkowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Wroclaw Medical University, 50556 Borowska 211, Poland
| | - Petr Filipensky
- Department of Urology, St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, CZ-65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Masarik
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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43
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Mechanisms of resistance to mitochondria-targeted therapy in pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2021; 12:1627-1628. [PMID: 34381567 PMCID: PMC8351600 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Mani S, Swargiary G, Tyagi S, Singh M, Jha NK, Singh KK. Nanotherapeutic approaches to target mitochondria in cancer. Life Sci 2021; 281:119773. [PMID: 34192595 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of cancer cells exemplifies a difficult test in the light of challenges associated with the nature of cancer cells and the severe side effects too. After making a large number of trials using both traditional and advanced therapies (immunotherapy and hormone therapy), approaches to design new therapies have reached a saturation level. However, nanotechnology-based approaches exhibit higher efficacy and great potential to bypass many of such therapeutic limitations. Because of their higher target specificity, the use of nanoparticles offers incredible potential in cancer therapeutics. Mitochondria, acting as a factory of energy production in cells, reveal an important role in the death as well as the survival of cells. Because of its significant involvement in the proliferation of cancer cells, it is being regarded as an important target for cancer therapeutics. Numerous studies reveal that nanotechnology-based approaches to directly target the mitochondria may help in improving the survival rate of cancer patients. In the current study, we have detailed the significance of mitochondria in the development of cancer phenotype, as well as indicated it as the potential targets for cancer therapy. Our study further highlights the importance of different nanoparticle-based approaches to target mitochondria of cancer cells and the associated outcomes of different studies. Though, nanotechnology-based approaches to target mitochondria of cancer cells demonstrate a potential and efficient way in cancer therapeutics. Yet, further study is needed to overcome the linked limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Mani
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector 62, Noida, UP 201301, India.
| | - Geeta Swargiary
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector 62, Noida, UP 201301, India
| | - Sakshi Tyagi
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector 62, Noida, UP 201301, India
| | - Manisha Singh
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector 62, Noida, UP 201301, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Keshav K Singh
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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45
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S Allemailem K, Almatroudi A, Alsahli MA, Aljaghwani A, M El-Kady A, Rahmani AH, Khan AA. Novel Strategies for Disrupting Cancer-Cell Functions with Mitochondria-Targeted Antitumor Drug-Loaded Nanoformulations. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:3907-3936. [PMID: 34135584 PMCID: PMC8200140 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s303832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Any variation in normal cellular function results in mitochondrial dysregulation that occurs in several diseases, including cancer. Such processes as oxidative stress, metabolism, signaling, and biogenesis play significant roles in cancer initiation and progression. Due to their central role in cellular metabolism, mitochondria are favorable therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of conditions like neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Subcellular mitochondria-specific theranostic nanoformulations for simultaneous targeting, drug delivery, and imaging of these organelles are of immense interest in cancer therapy. It is a challenging task to cross multiple barriers to target mitochondria in diseased cells. To overcome these multiple barriers, several mitochondriotropic nanoformulations have been engineered for the transportation of mitochondria-specific drugs. These nanoformulations include liposomes, dendrimers, carbon nanotubes, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), and inorganic NPs. These nanoformulations are made mitochondriotropic by conjugating them with moieties like dequalinium, Mito-Porter, triphenylphosphonium, and Mitochondria-penetrating peptides. Most of these nanoformulations are meticulously tailored to control their size, charge, shape, mitochondriotropic drug loading, and specific cell-membrane interactions. Recently, some novel mitochondria-selective antitumor compounds known as mitocans have shown high toxicity against cancer cells. These selective compounds form vicious oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species cycles within cancer cells and ultimately push them to cell death. Nanoformulations approved by the FDA and EMA for clinical applications in cancer patients include Doxil, NK105, and Abraxane. The novel use of these NPs still faces tremendous challenges and an immense amount of research is needed to understand the proper mechanisms of cancer progression and control by these NPs. Here in this review, we summarize current advancements and novel strategies of delivering different anticancer therapeutic agents to mitochondria with the help of various nanoformulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled S Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aseel Aljaghwani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa M El-Kady
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Ali Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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Szabo I, Zoratti M, Biasutto L. Targeting mitochondrial ion channels for cancer therapy. Redox Biol 2021; 42:101846. [PMID: 33419703 PMCID: PMC8113036 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological targeting of mitochondrial ion channels is emerging as a promising approach to eliminate cancer cells; as most of these channels are differentially expressed and/or regulated in cancer cells in comparison to healthy ones, this strategy may selectively eliminate the former. Perturbation of ion fluxes across the outer and inner membranes is linked to alterations of redox state, membrane potential and bioenergetic efficiency. This leads to indirect modulation of oxidative phosphorylation, which is/may be fundamental for both cancer and cancer stem cell survival. Furthermore, given the crucial contribution of mitochondria to intrinsic apoptosis, modulation of their ion channels leading to cytochrome c release may be of great advantage in case of resistance to drugs triggering apoptotic events upstream of the mitochondrial phase. In the present review, we give an overview of the known mitochondrial ion channels and of their modulators capable of killing cancer cells. In addition, we discuss state-of-the-art strategies using mitochondriotropic drugs or peptide-based approaches allowing a more efficient and selective targeting of mitochondrial ion channel-linked events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildiko Szabo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy; CNR Institute of Neurosciences, Padova, Italy.
| | | | - Lucia Biasutto
- CNR Institute of Neurosciences, Padova, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
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Conjugation of Natural Triterpenic Acids with Delocalized Lipophilic Cations: Selective Targeting Cancer Cell Mitochondria. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11060470. [PMID: 34070567 PMCID: PMC8226687 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11060470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, a new line of research on mitochondria-targeted anticancer drugs is actively developing in the field of biomedicine and medicinal chemistry. The distinguishing features of this universal target for anticancer agents include presence of mitochondria in the overwhelming majority, if not all types of transformed cells, crucial importance of these cytoplasmic organelles in energy production, regulation of cell death pathways, as well as generation of reactive oxygen species and maintenance of calcium homeostasis. Hence, mitochondriotropic anticancer mitocan agents, acting through mitochondrial destabilization, have good prospects in cancer therapy. Available natural pentacyclic triterpenoids are considered promising scaffolds for development of new mitochondria-targeted anticancer agents. These secondary metabolites affect the mitochondria of tumor cells and initiate formation of reactive oxygen species. The present paper focuses on the latest research outcomes of synthesis and study of cytotoxic activity of conjugates of pentacyclic triterpenoids with some mitochondria-targeted cationic lipophilic molecules and highlights the advantages of applying them as novel mitocan agents compared to their prototype natural triterpenic acids.
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48
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SMAD4 loss limits the vulnerability of pancreatic cancer cells to complex I inhibition via promotion of mitophagy. Oncogene 2021; 40:2539-2552. [PMID: 33686239 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01726-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest forms of cancer, which is attributed to lack of effective treatment options and drug resistance. Mitochondrial inhibitors have emerged as a promising class of anticancer drugs, and several inhibitors of the electron transport chain (ETC) are being clinically evaluated. We hypothesized that resistance to ETC inhibitors from the biguanide class could be induced by inactivation of SMAD4, an important tumor suppressor involved in transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling, and associated with altered mitochondrial activity. Here we show that, paradoxically, both TGFβ-treatment and the loss of SMAD4, a downstream member of TGFβ signaling cascade, induce resistance to biguanides, decrease mitochondrial respiration, and fragment the mitochondrial network. Mechanistically, the resistance of SMAD4-deficient cells is mediated by increased mitophagic flux driven by MAPK/ERK signaling, whereas TGFβ-induced resistance is autophagy-independent and linked to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Interestingly, mitochondria-targeted tamoxifen, a complex I inhibitor under clinical trial, overcomes resistance mediated by SMAD4-deficiency or TGFβ signaling. Our data point to differential mechanisms underlying the resistance to treatment in PDAC arising from TGFβ signaling and SMAD4 loss, respectively. The findings will help the development of mitochondria-targeted therapy for pancreatic cancer patients with SMAD4 as a plausible predictive marker.
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Sandoval-Acuña C, Torrealba N, Tomkova V, Jadhav SB, Blazkova K, Merta L, Lettlova S, Adamcová MK, Rosel D, Brábek J, Neuzil J, Stursa J, Werner L, Truksa J. Targeting Mitochondrial Iron Metabolism Suppresses Tumor Growth and Metastasis by Inducing Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Mitophagy. Cancer Res 2021; 81:2289-2303. [PMID: 33685989 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Deferoxamine (DFO) represents a widely used iron chelator for the treatment of iron overload. Here we describe the use of mitochondrially targeted deferoxamine (mitoDFO) as a novel approach to preferentially target cancer cells. The agent showed marked cytostatic, cytotoxic, and migrastatic properties in vitro, and it significantly suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. The underlying molecular mechanisms included (i) impairment of iron-sulfur [Fe-S] cluster/heme biogenesis, leading to destabilization and loss of activity of [Fe-S] cluster/heme containing enzymes, (ii) inhibition of mitochondrial respiration leading to mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, resulting in dysfunctional mitochondria with markedly reduced supercomplexes, and (iii) fragmentation of the mitochondrial network and induction of mitophagy. Mitochondrial targeting of deferoxamine represents a way to deprive cancer cells of biologically active iron, which is incompatible with their proliferation and invasion, without disrupting systemic iron metabolism. Our findings highlight the importance of mitochondrial iron metabolism for cancer cells and demonstrate repurposing deferoxamine into an effective anticancer drug via mitochondrial targeting. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings show that targeting the iron chelator deferoxamine to mitochondria impairs mitochondrial respiration and biogenesis of [Fe-S] clusters/heme in cancer cells, which suppresses proliferation and migration and induces cell death. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/81/9/2289/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Sandoval-Acuña
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV Research Center, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Natalia Torrealba
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV Research Center, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Tomkova
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV Research Center, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Sukanya B Jadhav
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV Research Center, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Blazkova
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV Research Center, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Merta
- Faculty of Sciences, BIOCEV Research Center, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Sandra Lettlova
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV Research Center, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava K Adamcová
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Rosel
- Faculty of Sciences, BIOCEV Research Center, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Brábek
- Faculty of Sciences, BIOCEV Research Center, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Neuzil
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV Research Center, Vestec, Czech Republic.,School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jan Stursa
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV Research Center, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Werner
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV Research Center, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Truksa
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV Research Center, Vestec, Czech Republic.
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50
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Bachmann M, Rossa A, Antoniazzi G, Biasutto L, Carrer A, Campagnaro M, Leanza L, Gonczi M, Csernoch L, Paradisi C, Mattarei A, Zoratti M, Szabo I. Synthesis and cellular effects of a mitochondria-targeted inhibitor of the two-pore potassium channel TASK-3. Pharmacol Res 2021; 164:105326. [PMID: 33338625 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The two-pore potassium channel TASK-3 has been shown to localize to both the plasma membrane and the mitochondrial inner membrane. TASK-3 is highly expressed in melanoma and breast cancer cells and has been proposed to promote tumor formation. Here we investigated whether pharmacological modulation of TASK-3, and specifically of mitochondrial TASK-3 (mitoTASK-3), had any effect on cancer cell survival and mitochondrial physiology. A novel, mitochondriotropic version of the specific TASK-3 inhibitor IN-THPP has been synthesized by addition of a positively charged triphenylphosphonium moiety. While IN-THPP was unable to induce apoptosis, mitoIN-THPP decreased survival of breast cancer cells and efficiently killed melanoma lines, which we show to express mitoTASK-3. Cell death was accompanied by mitochondrial membrane depolarization and fragmentation of the mitochondrial network, suggesting a role of the channel in the maintenance of the correct function of this organelle. In accordance, cells treated with mitoIN-THPP became rapidly depleted of mitochondrial ATP which resulted in activation of the AMP-dependent kinase AMPK. Importantly, cell survival was not affected in mouse embryonic fibroblasts and the effect of mitoIN-THPP was less pronounced in human melanoma cells stably knocked down for TASK-3 expression, indicating a certain degree of selectivity of the drug both for pathological cells and for the channel. In addition, mitoIN-THPP inhibited cancer cell migration to a higher extent than IN-THPP in two melanoma cell lines. In summary, our results point to the importance of mitoTASK-3 for melanoma cell survival and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Rossa
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Biasutto
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padua, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Carrer
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Leanza
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Monika Gonczi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Csernoch
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Andrea Mattarei
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Mario Zoratti
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padua, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Ildiko Szabo
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy; CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padua, Italy.
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