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Vu QV, Vu NT, Baba K, Sasaki S, Tamura R, Morimoto K, Hirano H, Osada H, Kataoka T. Porphyrin derivatives inhibit tumor necrosis factor α-induced gene expression and reduce the expression and increase the cross-linked forms of cellular components of the nuclear factor κB signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 977:176747. [PMID: 38880218 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is activated by proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. Screening of NPDepo chemical libraries identified porphyrin derivatives as anti-inflammatory compounds that strongly inhibited the up-regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression induced by TNF-α, interleukin-1α, the TLR3 ligand, and TLR4 ligand in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In the present study, the mechanisms of action of porphyrin derivatives were further elucidated using human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Porphyrin derivatives, i.e., dimethyl-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-3,8-di(1-methoxyethyl)-21H,23H-porphine-13,17-dipropionate (1) and pheophorbide a (2), inhibited TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression and decreased the TNF-α-induced transcription of ICAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and E-selectin genes. 1 and 2 reduced the expression of the NF-κB subunit RelA protein for 1 h, which was not rescued by the inhibition of proteasome- and lysosome-dependent protein degradation. In addition, 1 and 2 decreased the expression of multiple components of the TNF receptor 1 complex, and this was accompanied by the appearance of their cross-linked forms. As common components of the NF-κB signaling pathway, 1 and 2 also cross-linked the α, β, and γ subunits of the inhibitor of NF-κB kinase complex and the NF-κB subunits RelA and p50. Cellular protein synthesis was prevented by 2, but not by 1. Therefore, the present results indicate that porphyrin derivative 1 reduced the expression and increased the cross-linked forms of cellular components required for the NF-κB signaling pathway without affecting global protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quy Van Vu
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Nhat Thi Vu
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Kosuke Baba
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Saki Sasaki
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Tamura
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Kyoko Morimoto
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hirano
- Chemical Resource Development Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- Chemical Resource Development Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Takao Kataoka
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan; Biomedical Research Center, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan.
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Filošević Vujnović A, Čabrijan S, Mušković M, Malatesti N, Andretić Waldowski R. Systemic Effects of Photoactivated 5,10,15,20-tetrakis( N-methylpyridinium-3-yl) Porphyrin on Healthy Drosophila melanogaster. BIOTECH 2024; 13:23. [PMID: 39051338 PMCID: PMC11270250 DOI: 10.3390/biotech13030023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Porphyrins are frequently employed in photodynamic therapy (PDT), a non-invasive technique primarily utilized to treat subcutaneous cancers, as photosensitizing agents (PAs). The development of a new PA with improved tissue selectivity and efficacy is crucial for expanding the application of PDT for the management of diverse cancers. We investigated the systemic effects of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N-methylpyridinium-3-yl)-porphyrin (TMPyP3) using Drosophila melanogaster adult males. We established the oral administration schedule and demonstrated that TMPyP3 was absorbed and stored higher in neuronal than in non-neuronal extracts. Twenty-four hours after oral TMPyP3 photoactivation, the quantity of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) increased, but exclusively in the head extracts. Regardless of photoactivation, TMPyP3 resulted in a reduced concentration of H2O2 after 7 days, and this was linked with a decreased capacity to climb, as indicated by negative geotaxis. The findings imply that systemic TMPyP3 therapy may disrupt redox regulation, impairing cellular signaling and behavioral outcomes in the process. To determine the disruptive effect of porphyrins on redox homeostasis, its duration, and the mechanistic variations in retention across various tissues, more research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Filošević Vujnović
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Drug Development, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (S.Č.); (M.M.); (N.M.); (R.A.W.)
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Drummond ISA, de Oliveira JNS, Niella RV, Silva ÁJC, de Oliveira IS, de Souza SS, da Costa Marques CS, Corrêa JMX, Silva JF, de Lavor MSL. Evaluation of the Therapeutic Potential of Amantadine in a Vincristine-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy Model in Rats. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1941. [PMID: 38998053 PMCID: PMC11240452 DOI: 10.3390/ani14131941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of amantadine in a vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy model in rats. Forty-eight male Wistar rats were used. The treated groups received oral amantadine at doses of 2, 5, 12, 25 and 50 mg/kg, with daily applications for 14 days. The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold was measured using a digital analgesimeter. Immunohistochemical analysis of IL-6, TNFα, MIP1α, IL-10, CX3CR1, CXCR4, SOD, CAT and GPx, and enzymatic activity analysis of CAT, SOD and GPx were performed, in addition to quantitative PCR of Grp78, Chop, Ho1, Perk, Bax, Bcl-xL, Casp 3, Casp 9, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18 and IL-1β. The results showed an increase in nociceptive thresholds in animals that received 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg amantadine. Immunohistochemistry showed a decrease in the immunostaining of IL-6, TNFα, MIP1α and CX3CR1, and an increase in IL-10. CAT and SOD showed an increase in both immunochemistry and enzymatic analysis. qPCR revealed a reduced expression of genes related to endoplasmic reticulum stress and regulation in the expression of immunological and apoptotic markers. Amantadine demonstrated antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in the vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy model in rats, suggesting that amantadine may be considered an alternative approach for the treatment of vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raquel Vieira Niella
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil
| | - Álvaro José Chávez Silva
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil
| | - Iago Santos de Oliveira
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil
| | - Sophia Saraiva de Souza
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil
| | - Claire Souza da Costa Marques
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil
| | - Janaina Maria Xavier Corrêa
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil
| | - Juneo Freitas Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil
| | - Mário Sérgio Lima de Lavor
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil
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Blagov AV, Summerhill VI, Sukhorukov VN, Zhigmitova EB, Postnov AY, Orekhov AN. Potential use of antioxidants for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1378335. [PMID: 38818374 PMCID: PMC11137403 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1378335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The excessive production of various reactive oxidant species over endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms leads to the development of a state of oxidative stress, with serious biological consequences. The consequences of oxidative stress depend on the balance between the generation of reactive oxidant species and the antioxidant defense and include oxidative damage of biomolecules, disruption of signal transduction, mutation, and cell apoptosis. Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative stress is involved in the physiopathology of various debilitating illnesses associated with chronic inflammation, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, or neurodegenerative processes, that need continuous pharmacological treatment. Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are tightly linked pathophysiological processes, one of which can be simply promoted by another. Although, many antioxidant trials have been unsuccessful (some of the trials showed either no effect or even harmful effects) in human patients as a preventive or curative measure, targeting oxidative stress remains an interesting therapeutic approach for the development of new agents to design novel anti-inflammatory drugs with a reliable safety profile. In this regard, several natural antioxidant compounds were explored as potential therapeutic options for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. Several metalloenzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, are among the essential enzymes that maintain the low nanomolar physiological concentrations of superoxide (O2•-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the major redox signaling molecules, and thus play important roles in the alteration of the redox homeostasis. These enzymes have become a striking source of motivation to design catalytic drugs to enhance the action of these enzymes under pathological conditions related to chronic inflammation. This review is focused on several major representatives of natural and synthetic antioxidants as potential drug candidates for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vasily N. Sukhorukov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery (FSBSI “Petrovsky NRCS”), Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Anton Y. Postnov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery (FSBSI “Petrovsky NRCS”), Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery (FSBSI “Petrovsky NRCS”), Moscow, Russia
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Noh SU, Lim J, Shin SW, Kim Y, Park WY, Batinic-Haberle I, Choi C, Park W. Single-Cell Profiling Reveals Immune-Based Mechanisms Underlying Tumor Radiosensitization by a Novel Mn Porphyrin Clinical Candidate, MnTnBuOE-2-PyP 5+ (BMX-001). Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:477. [PMID: 38671924 PMCID: PMC11047573 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Manganese porphyrins reportedly exhibit synergic effects when combined with irradiation. However, an in-depth understanding of intratumoral heterogeneity and immune pathways, as affected by Mn porphyrins, remains limited. Here, we explored the mechanisms underlying immunomodulation of a clinical candidate, MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+ (BMX-001, MnBuOE), using single-cell analysis in a murine carcinoma model. Mice bearing 4T1 tumors were divided into four groups: control, MnBuOE, radiotherapy (RT), and combined MnBuOE and radiotherapy (MnBuOE/RT). In epithelial cells, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, TNF-α signaling via NF-кB, angiogenesis, and hypoxia-related genes were significantly downregulated in the MnBuOE/RT group compared with the RT group. All subtypes of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) were clearly reduced in MnBuOE and MnBuOE/RT. Inhibitory receptor-ligand interactions, in which epithelial cells and CAFs interacted with CD8+ T cells, were significantly lower in the MnBuOE/RT group than in the RT group. Trajectory analysis showed that dendritic cells maturation-associated markers were increased in MnBuOE/RT. M1 macrophages were significantly increased in the MnBuOE/RT group compared with the RT group, whereas myeloid-derived suppressor cells were decreased. CellChat analysis showed that the number of cell-cell communications was the lowest in the MnBuOE/RT group. Our study is the first to provide evidence for the combined radiotherapy with a novel Mn porphyrin clinical candidate, BMX-001, from the perspective of each cell type within the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Up Noh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (S.U.N.); (S.-W.S.); (Y.K.)
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyeong Lim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (W.-Y.P.)
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Won Shin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (S.U.N.); (S.-W.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yeeun Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (S.U.N.); (S.-W.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (W.-Y.P.)
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Ines Batinic-Haberle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Changhoon Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (S.U.N.); (S.-W.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Won Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (S.U.N.); (S.-W.S.); (Y.K.)
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
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6
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Shen X, Wang J, Deng B, Chen S, John C, Zhao Z, Sinha N, Haag J, Sun W, Kong W, Spasojevic I, Batinic-Haberle I, Secord AA, Zhou C, Bae-Jump VL. High-dose ascorbate exerts anti-tumor activities and improves inhibitory effect of carboplatin through the pro-oxidant function pathway in uterine serous carcinoma cell lines. Gynecol Oncol 2024; 183:93-102. [PMID: 38555710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2024.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Uterine serous carcinoma is a highly aggressive non-endometrioid subtype of endometrial cancer with poor survival rates overall, creating a strong need for new therapeutic strategies to improve outcomes. High-dose ascorbate (vitamin C) has been shown to inhibit cell proliferation and tumor growth in multiple preclinical models and has shown promising anti-tumor activity in combination with chemotherapy, with a favorable safety profile. We aimed to study the anti-tumor effects of ascorbate and its synergistic effect with carboplatin on uterine serous carcinoma cells. METHODS Cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT and colony formation assays in ARK1, ARK2 and SPEC2 cells. Cellular stress, antioxidant ability, cleaved caspase 3 activity and adhesion were measured by ELISA assays. Cell cycle was detected by Cellometer. Invasion was measured using a wound healing assay. Changes in protein expression were determined by Western immunoblotting. RESULTS High-dose ascorbate significantly inhibited cell proliferation, caused cell cycle arrest, induced cellular stress, and apoptosis, increased DNA damage, and suppressed cell invasion in ARK1 and SPEC2 cells. Treatment of both cells with 1 mM N-acetylcysteine reversed ascorbate-induced apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation. The combination of ascorbate and carboplatin produced significant synergistic effects in inhibiting cell proliferation and invasion, inducing cellular stress, causing DNA damage, and enhancing cleaved caspase 3 levels compared to each compound alone in both cells. CONCLUSIONS Ascorbate has potent antitumor activity and acts synergistically with carboplatin through its pro-oxidant effects. Clinical trials of ascorbate combined with carboplatin as adjuvant treatment of uterine serous carcinoma are worth exploring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochang Shen
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100006, PR China; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jiandong Wang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100006, PR China
| | - Boer Deng
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100006, PR China; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Shuning Chen
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100006, PR China; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Catherine John
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ziyi Zhao
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100006, PR China; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Nikita Sinha
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jennifer Haag
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Wenchuan Sun
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Weimin Kong
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100006, PR China
| | - Ivan Spasojevic
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, and PK/PD Core Laboratory, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ines Batinic-Haberle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Angeles Alvarez Secord
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Chunxiao Zhou
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Victoria L Bae-Jump
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Niella RV, Corrêa JMX, dos Santos JFR, Lima LF, Marques CSDC, Santos LC, Santana LR, Silva ÁJC, Farias KS, Pirovani CP, Silva JF, de Lavor MSL. Post-treatment with maropitant reduces oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and neuroinflammation on peripheral nerve injury in rats. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0287390. [PMID: 38507417 PMCID: PMC10954158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effective dose and therapeutic potential of maropitant using through expression of mediators of oxidative stress, inflammatory and of the unfolded protein response (UPR) (bio) markers on spinal cord using a model of neuropathic pain induced through chronic constriction injury (CCI) in rats. STUDY DESIGN Randomized, blinded, prospective experimental study. ANIMALS 98 male Wistar rats. METHODS Rats were anesthetized with sevoflurane and after CCI, they were randomly assigned to the following groups that received: vehicle, 3, 6, 15, 30 e 50 mg/kg/24q of maropitant. The effect on inflammatory mediators (IL10, TNFα), oxidative stress (GPx, CAT, SOD), microglial (IBA-1) and neuronal (NeuN, TACR1) markers was evaluated though immunohistochemistry and expression levels of markers of hypoxia (HIF1α, Nrf2), antioxidant enzymes (Catalse, Sod1 and GPx1), and endoplasmic reticulum stress mediators (GRP78, CHOP and PERK) through qRT-PCR. RESULTS Intraperitoneal injection (IP) of maropitant inhibited nociception with ID50 values of 4,1 mg/kg (5,85-19,36) in a neuropathic pain model through CCI. A dose of 30 mg/kg/24q was significantly effective in reducing mechanical allodynia 1 to 4h after treatment with nociception inhibition (145,83%). A reduction in the expression of hypoxia factors (HIF1α, Nrf2) was observed, along with an increase in antioxidant activity (CAT, SOD and GPX). Additionally, there was a reduction in inflammatory markes (IL10, TNFα), microglial (IBA-1), and neuronal markers (NeuN, TACR1). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These findings demonstrate that the determined dose, administered daily for seven days, had an antinociceptive effect, as well as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Vieira Niella
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | | | | | - Larissa Ferreira Lima
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | | | | | - Larissa Rodrigues Santana
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Álvaro José Chávez Silva
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Keilane Silva Farias
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | | | - Juneo Freitas Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
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Miliordos E, Moore JL, Obisesan SV, Oppelt J, Ivanović-Burmazović I, Goldsmith CR. Computational Analysis of the Superoxide Dismutase Mimicry Exhibited by a Zinc(II) Complex with a Redox-Active Organic Ligand. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:1491-1500. [PMID: 38354404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Previously, we found that a Zn(II) complex with the redox-active ligand N-(2,5-dihydroxybenzyl)-N,N',N'-tris(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine (H2qp1) was able to act as a functional mimic of superoxide dismutase, despite its lack of a redox-active transition metal. As the complex catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide to form O2 and H2O2, the quinol in the ligand is believed to cycle between three oxidation states: quinol, quinoxyl radical, and para-quinone. Although the metal is not the redox partner, it nonetheless is essential to the reactivity since the free ligand by itself is inactive as a catalyst. In the present work, we primarily use calculations to probe the mechanism. The calculations support the inner-sphere decomposition of superoxide, suggest that the quinol/quinoxyl radical couple accounts for most of the catalysis, and elucidate the many roles that proton transfer between the zinc complexes and buffer has in the reactivity. Acid/base reactions involving the nonmetal-coordinating hydroxyl group on the quinol are predicted to be key to lowering the energy of the intermediates. We prepared a Zn(II) complex with N-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-N,N',N'-tris(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine (Hpp1) that lacks this functional group and found that it could not catalyze the dismutation of superoxide; this confirms the importance of the second, distal hydroxyl group of the quinol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Miliordos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Jamonica L Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Segun V Obisesan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Julian Oppelt
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 München, Germany
| | | | - Christian R Goldsmith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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9
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Han J, Liu Y, Peng D, Liu J, Wu D. Biomedical Application of Porphyrin-Based Amphiphiles and Their Self-Assembled Nanomaterials. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:2155-2180. [PMID: 37955349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Porphyrins have been vastly explored and applied in many cutting-edge fields with plenty of encouraging achievements because of their excellent properties. As important derivatives of porphyrins, porphyrin-based amphiphiles (PBAs) not only maintain the advanced properties of porphyrins (catalysis, imaging, and energy transfer) but also possess self-assembly and encapsulation capability in aqueous solution. Accordingly, PBAs and their self-assembles have had important roles in diagnosing and treating tumors and inflammation lesions in vivo, but not limited to these. In this article, we introduce the research progress of PBAs, including their constitution, structure design strategies, and performances in tumor and inflammation lesion diagnosis and treatments. On that basis, the defects of synthesized PBAs during their application and the possible effective strategies to overcome the limitations are also proposed. Finally, perspectives on PBAs exploration are updated based on our knowledge. We hope this review will bring researchers from various domains insights about PBAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialei Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Gongchang Road 66, Guangming, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Yadong Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Gongchang Road 66, Guangming, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Danfeng Peng
- Shenzhen International Institute for Biomedical Research, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518119, China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Gongchang Road 66, Guangming, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Dalin Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Gongchang Road 66, Guangming, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
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10
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Cobley JN. 50 shades of oxidative stress: A state-specific cysteine redox pattern hypothesis. Redox Biol 2023; 67:102936. [PMID: 37875063 PMCID: PMC10618833 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is biochemically complex. Like primary colours, specific reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant inputs can be mixed to create unique "shades" of oxidative stress. Even a minimal redox module comprised of just 12 (ROS & antioxidant) inputs and 3 outputs (oxidative damage, cysteine-dependent redox-regulation, or both) yields over half a million "shades" of oxidative stress. The present paper proposes the novel hypothesis that: state-specific shades of oxidative stress, such as a discrete disease, are associated with distinct tell-tale cysteine oxidation patterns. The patterns are encoded by many parameters, from the identity of the oxidised proteins, the cysteine oxidation type, and magnitude. The hypothesis is conceptually grounded in distinct ROS and antioxidant inputs coalescing to produce unique cysteine oxidation outputs. And considers the potential biological significance of the holistic cysteine oxidation outputs. The literature supports the existence of state-specific cysteine oxidation patterns. Measuring and manipulating these patterns offer promising avenues for advancing oxidative stress research. The pattern inspired hypothesis provides a framework for understanding the complex biochemical nature of state-specific oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Cobley
- Cysteine redox technology Group, Life Science Innovation Centre, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, IV2 5NA, Scotland, UK.
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11
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Li X, Duan W, Du L, Chu D, Wang P, Yang Z, Qu X, Yang Z, Batinic-Haberle I, Spasojevic I, Warner DS, Crapo JD, Treggiari MM, Sheng H. Intracarotid Infusion of Redox-Active Manganese Porphyrin, MnTnBuOE-2-PyP 5+, following Reperfusion Improves Long-Term, 28-Day Post-Stroke Outcomes in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1861. [PMID: 37891940 PMCID: PMC10603962 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Endovascular mechanical thrombectomy, combined with a tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), is efficacious as a standard care for qualifying ischemic stroke patients. However, > 50% of thrombectomy patients still have poor outcomes. Manganese porphyrins, commonly known as mimics of superoxide dismutases, are potent redox-active catalytic compounds that decrease oxidative/nitrosative stress and in turn decrease inflammatory responses, mitigating therefore the secondary injury of the ischemic brain. This study investigates the effect of intracarotid MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+ (BMX-001) administration on long-term, 28-day post-stroke recovery in a clinically relevant setting. The 90 min of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion was performed in young, aged, male, female, and spontaneous hypertension rats. All physiological parameters, including blood pressure, blood gas, glucose, and temperature, were well controlled during ischemia. Either BMX-001 or a vehicle solution was infused through the carotid artery immediately after the removal of filament, mimicking endovascular thrombectomy, and was followed by 7 days of subcutaneous injection. Neurologic deficits and infarct volume were assessed at 28 days in a blinded manner. The effects of BMX-001 on the carotid arterial wall and blood-brain barrier permeability and its interaction with t-PA were assessed in normal rats. There were no intra-group differences in physiological variables. BMX-001-treated stroke rats regained body weight earlier, performed better in behavioral tests, and had smaller brain infarct size compared to the vehicle-treated group. No vascular wall damage and blood-brain barrier permeability changes were detected after the BMX-001 infusion. There was no drug interaction between BMX-001 and t-PA. Intracarotid BMX-001 infusion was safe, and it significantly improved stroke outcomes in rats. These findings indicate that BMX-001 is a candidate drug as an adjunct treatment for thrombectomy procedure to further improve the neurologic outcomes of thrombectomy patients. This study warrants further clinical investigation of BMX-001 as a new stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- Multidisciplinary Neuroprotection Laboratories, Center of Perioperative Organ Protection, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (X.L.); (W.D.); (L.D.); (D.C.); (P.W.); (Z.Y.); (X.Q.); (D.S.W.); (M.M.T.)
| | - Weina Duan
- Multidisciplinary Neuroprotection Laboratories, Center of Perioperative Organ Protection, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (X.L.); (W.D.); (L.D.); (D.C.); (P.W.); (Z.Y.); (X.Q.); (D.S.W.); (M.M.T.)
| | - Li Du
- Multidisciplinary Neuroprotection Laboratories, Center of Perioperative Organ Protection, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (X.L.); (W.D.); (L.D.); (D.C.); (P.W.); (Z.Y.); (X.Q.); (D.S.W.); (M.M.T.)
| | - Dongmei Chu
- Multidisciplinary Neuroprotection Laboratories, Center of Perioperative Organ Protection, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (X.L.); (W.D.); (L.D.); (D.C.); (P.W.); (Z.Y.); (X.Q.); (D.S.W.); (M.M.T.)
| | - Peng Wang
- Multidisciplinary Neuroprotection Laboratories, Center of Perioperative Organ Protection, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (X.L.); (W.D.); (L.D.); (D.C.); (P.W.); (Z.Y.); (X.Q.); (D.S.W.); (M.M.T.)
| | - Zhong Yang
- Multidisciplinary Neuroprotection Laboratories, Center of Perioperative Organ Protection, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (X.L.); (W.D.); (L.D.); (D.C.); (P.W.); (Z.Y.); (X.Q.); (D.S.W.); (M.M.T.)
| | - Xingguang Qu
- Multidisciplinary Neuroprotection Laboratories, Center of Perioperative Organ Protection, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (X.L.); (W.D.); (L.D.); (D.C.); (P.W.); (Z.Y.); (X.Q.); (D.S.W.); (M.M.T.)
| | - Zhenxing Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Ines Batinic-Haberle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Ivan Spasojevic
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Core, Duke Cancer Institute, and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - David S. Warner
- Multidisciplinary Neuroprotection Laboratories, Center of Perioperative Organ Protection, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (X.L.); (W.D.); (L.D.); (D.C.); (P.W.); (Z.Y.); (X.Q.); (D.S.W.); (M.M.T.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Miriam M. Treggiari
- Multidisciplinary Neuroprotection Laboratories, Center of Perioperative Organ Protection, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (X.L.); (W.D.); (L.D.); (D.C.); (P.W.); (Z.Y.); (X.Q.); (D.S.W.); (M.M.T.)
| | - Huaxin Sheng
- Multidisciplinary Neuroprotection Laboratories, Center of Perioperative Organ Protection, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (X.L.); (W.D.); (L.D.); (D.C.); (P.W.); (Z.Y.); (X.Q.); (D.S.W.); (M.M.T.)
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12
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Jomova K, Raptova R, Alomar SY, Alwasel SH, Nepovimova E, Kuca K, Valko M. Reactive oxygen species, toxicity, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: chronic diseases and aging. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:2499-2574. [PMID: 37597078 PMCID: PMC10475008 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03562-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 208.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
A physiological level of oxygen/nitrogen free radicals and non-radical reactive species (collectively known as ROS/RNS) is termed oxidative eustress or "good stress" and is characterized by low to mild levels of oxidants involved in the regulation of various biochemical transformations such as carboxylation, hydroxylation, peroxidation, or modulation of signal transduction pathways such as Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, phosphoinositide-3-kinase, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and other processes. Increased levels of ROS/RNS, generated from both endogenous (mitochondria, NADPH oxidases) and/or exogenous sources (radiation, certain drugs, foods, cigarette smoking, pollution) result in a harmful condition termed oxidative stress ("bad stress"). Although it is widely accepted, that many chronic diseases are multifactorial in origin, they share oxidative stress as a common denominator. Here we review the importance of oxidative stress and the mechanisms through which oxidative stress contributes to the pathological states of an organism. Attention is focused on the chemistry of ROS and RNS (e.g. superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, peroxyl radicals, nitric oxide, peroxynitrite), and their role in oxidative damage of DNA, proteins, and membrane lipids. Quantitative and qualitative assessment of oxidative stress biomarkers is also discussed. Oxidative stress contributes to the pathology of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurological disorders (Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, Down syndrome), psychiatric diseases (depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder), renal disease, lung disease (chronic pulmonary obstruction, lung cancer), and aging. The concerted action of antioxidants to ameliorate the harmful effect of oxidative stress is achieved by antioxidant enzymes (Superoxide dismutases-SODs, catalase, glutathione peroxidase-GPx), and small molecular weight antioxidants (vitamins C and E, flavonoids, carotenoids, melatonin, ergothioneine, and others). Perhaps one of the most effective low molecular weight antioxidants is vitamin E, the first line of defense against the peroxidation of lipids. A promising approach appears to be the use of certain antioxidants (e.g. flavonoids), showing weak prooxidant properties that may boost cellular antioxidant systems and thus act as preventive anticancer agents. Redox metal-based enzyme mimetic compounds as potential pharmaceutical interventions and sirtuins as promising therapeutic targets for age-related diseases and anti-aging strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Jomova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, 949 74, Slovakia
| | - Renata Raptova
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, 812 37, Slovakia
| | - Suliman Y Alomar
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh H Alwasel
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, 812 37, Slovakia.
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13
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Pinto SMA, Ferreira ARR, Teixeira DSS, Nunes SCC, Batista de Carvalho ALM, Almeida JMS, Garda Z, Pallier A, Pais AACC, Brett CMA, Tóth É, Marques MPM, Pereira MM, Geraldes CFGC. Fluorinated Mn(III)/(II)-Porphyrin with Redox-Responsive 1 H and 19 F Relaxation Properties. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301442. [PMID: 37606898 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
A new fluorinated manganese porphyrin, (Mn-TPP-p-CF3 ) is reported capable of providing, based on the Mn(III)/Mn(II) equilibrium, dual 1 H relaxivity and 19 F NMR response to redox changes. The physical-chemical characterization of both redox states in DMSO-d6 /H2 O evidenced that the 1 H relaxometric and 19 F NMR properties are appropriate for differential redox MRI detection. The Mn(III)-F distance (dMn-F =9.7-10 Å), as assessed by DFT calculations, is well tailored to allow for adequate paramagnetic effect of Mn(III) on 19 F T1 and T2 relaxation times. Mn-TPP-p-CF3 has a reversible Mn(II)/Mn(III) redox potential of 0.574 V vs. NHE in deoxygenated aqueous HEPES/ THF solution. The reduction of Mn(III)-TPP-p-CF3 in the presence of ascorbic acid is slowly, but fully reversed in the presence of air oxygen, as monitored by UV-Vis spectrometry and 19 F NMR. The broad 1 H and 19 F NMR signals of Mn(III)-TPP-p-CF3 disappear in the presence of 1 equivalent ascorbate replaced by a shifted and broadened 19 F NMR signal from Mn(II)-TPP-p-CF3 . Phantom 19 F MR images in DMSO show a MRI signal intensity decrease upon reduction of Mn(III)-TPP-p-CF3 , retrieved upon complete reoxidation in air within ~24 h. 1 H NMRD curves of the Mn(III)/(II)-TPP-p-CF3 chelates in mixed DMSO/water solvent have the typical shape of Mn(II)/Mn(III) porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M A Pinto
- University of Coimbra, CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, P-3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga Largo D. Dinis, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana R R Ferreira
- University of Coimbra, CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, P-3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga Largo D. Dinis, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela S S Teixeira
- University of Coimbra, CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, P-3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga Largo D. Dinis, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra C C Nunes
- University of Coimbra, CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, P-3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga Largo D. Dinis, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana L M Batista de Carvalho
- Molecular Physical Chemistry R&D Unit Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-393, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joseany M S Almeida
- University of Coimbra, CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, P-3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
- CEMMPRE, University of Coimbra, Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-788, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Zoltan Garda
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, UPR 4301, Université d'Orléans, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Agnés Pallier
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, UPR 4301, Université d'Orléans, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Alberto A C C Pais
- University of Coimbra, CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, P-3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga Largo D. Dinis, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Christopher M A Brett
- University of Coimbra, CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, P-3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
- CEMMPRE, University of Coimbra, Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-788, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Éva Tóth
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, UPR 4301, Université d'Orléans, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Maria P M Marques
- Molecular Physical Chemistry R&D Unit Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-393, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariette M Pereira
- University of Coimbra, CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, P-3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga Largo D. Dinis, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos F G C Geraldes
- Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga Largo D. Dinis, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-393, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBIT/ICNAS, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
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14
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Pensabene KM, LaMorte J, Allender AE, Wehr J, Kaur P, Savage M, Eggler AL. Acute Oxidative Stress Can Paradoxically Suppress Human NRF2 Protein Synthesis by Inhibiting Global Protein Translation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1735. [PMID: 37760038 PMCID: PMC10525356 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The NRF2 transcription factor is a master regulator of the cellular oxidant/electrophile response and a drug target for the prevention/treatment of chronic diseases. A major mechanism of NRF2 activation is its escape from rapid degradation, and newly synthesized NRF2 induces cytoprotective protein expression through its cognate antioxidant response elements (AREs). However, oxidative stress can also inhibit global protein translation, thereby potentially inhibiting NRF2 protein accumulation. H2O2 has been shown to be a relatively weak inducer of NRF2 in comparison with electrophiles. In the current study, we evaluated whether levels of H2O2 that activate the NRF2/ARE pathway inhibit NRF2 protein synthesis in HaCaT keratinocytes. A weak maximum induction was observed for H2O2 in comparison with electrophiles, both for NRF2 protein accumulation and ARE reporter activation (~10-fold compared to ≥100-fold activation). At similar H2O2 concentrations, both NRF2 protein synthesis and global protein synthesis were inhibited. The manganese porphyrin antioxidant MnTMPyP rescued both global protein synthesis and NRF2 protein synthesis from H2O2 inhibition and increased ARE reporter activation. Similar results were observed for the diphenol di-tert-butylhydroquinone (dtBHQ). In conclusion, induction of the NRF2/ARE pathway by H2O2 and dtBHQ-derived oxidative species can be limited by inhibition of NRF2 protein synthesis, likely by arrest of global protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Aimee L. Eggler
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
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15
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Khatun R, Modak R, Islam ASM, Moni D, Sepay N, Mukherjee R, Das G, Murmu N, Ali M. Small Molecule Interactions with Biomacromolecules: DNA Binding Interactions of a Manganese(III) Schiff Base Complex with Potential Anticancer Activities. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:3176-3188. [PMID: 37548990 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
A manganese(III) complex, [MnIII(L)(SCN)(enH)](NO3)·H2O (1•H2O) (H2L = 2-((E)-(2-((E)-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene-amino)-ethyl-imino)methyl)-6-methoxyphenol), has been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The interaction of 1•H2O with DNA was studied by monitoring the decrease in absorbance of the complex at λ = 324 nm with the increase in DNA concentration, providing an opportunity to determine the binding constant of the 1•H2O-ct-DNA complex as 5.63 × 103 M-1. Similarly, fluorescence titration was carried out by adding ct-DNA gradually and monitoring the increase in emission intensity at 453 nm on excitation at λex = 324 nm. A linear form of the Benesi-Hildebrand equation yields a binding constant of 4.40 × 103 M-1 at 25 °C, establishing the self-consistency of our results obtained from absorption and fluorescence titrations. The competitive displacement reactions of dyes like ethidium bromide, Hoechst, and DAPI (4',6-diamidine-2'-phenylindole dihydrochloride) from dye-ct-DNA conjugates by 1•H2O were analyzed, and the corresponding KSV values are 1.05 × 104, 1.25 × 104, and 1.35 × 104 M-1 and the Kapp values are 2.16 × 103, 8.34 × 103, and 9.0 × 103 M-1, from which it is difficult to infer the preference of groove binding over intercalation by these DNA trackers. However, the molecular docking experiments and viscosity measurement clearly indicate the preference for minor groove binding over intercalation, involving a change in Gibbs free energy of -8.56 kcal/mol. The 1•H2O complex was then evaluated for its anticancer potential in breast cancer MCF-7 cells, which severely abrogates the growth of the cells in both 2D and 3D mammospheres, indicating its promising application as an anticancer drug through a minor groove binding interaction with ct-DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rousunara Khatun
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 032, India
- Aliah University, ll-A/27, Action Area II, Newtown, Action Area II, Kolkata, West Bengal 700160, India
| | - Ritwik Modak
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Institute of Technology Bengaluru, Manipal 560064, India
| | - Abu Saleh Musha Islam
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2B, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Dolan Moni
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 032, India
| | - Nayim Sepay
- Department of Chemistry, Lady Brabourne College, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 017, India
| | - Rimi Mukherjee
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, Chittanranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 026, India
| | - Gaurav Das
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, Chittanranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 026, India
| | - Nabendu Murmu
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, Chittanranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 026, India
| | - Mahammad Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 032, India
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16
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Mallick Ganguly O, Moulik S. Interactions of Mn complexes with DNA: the relevance of therapeutic applications towards cancer treatment. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:10639-10656. [PMID: 37475585 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00659j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is one of the most significant bio-metals that helps the body to form connective tissue, bones, blood clotting factors, and sex hormones. It is necessary for fat and carbohydrate metabolism, calcium absorption, blood sugar regulation, and normal brain and nerve functions. It accelerates the synthesis of proteins, vitamin C, and vitamin B. It is also involved in the catalysis of hematopoiesis, regulation of the endocrine level, and improvement of immune function. Again, Mn metalloenzymes like arginase, glutamine synthetase, phosphoenolpyruvate decarboxylase, and Mn superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) contribute to the metabolism processes and reduce oxidative stress against free radicals. Recent investigations have revealed that synthetic Mn-complexes act as antibacterial and antifungal agents. As a result, chemists and biologists have been actively involved in developing Mn-based drugs for the treatment of various diseases including cancer. Therefore, any therapeutic drugs based on manganese complexes would be invaluable for the treatment of cancer/infectious diseases and could be a better substitute for cisplatin and other related platinum based chemotherapeutic drugs. From this perspective, attempts have been made to discuss the interactions and nuclease activities of Mn(II/III/IV) complexes with DNA through which one can evaluate their therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oishi Mallick Ganguly
- St Xavier's College, 30, Park St, Mullick Bazar, Park Street area, Kolkata, West Bengal 700016, India
| | - Shuvojit Moulik
- Suraksha Diagnostics Pvt Ltd, Newtown 12/1, Premises No. 02-0327, DG Block(Newtown), Action Area 1D, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal 700156, India.
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17
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ALaqeel NK. Antioxidants from different citrus peels provide protection against cancer. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 84:e271619. [PMID: 37436265 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.271619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death. Despite significant advancements in the discovery of medications for the treatment of cancer, these drugs are hindered by applicability and efficacy issues and frequently exhibit major side effects that can further impair patients 'quality of life. Therefore, the development of therapeutically sound anti-cancer medicines derived from natural products has gained prominence in the field of functional foods. Some of these compounds have shown efficacy in the prevention and treatment of cancer as well as low toxicity. Additionally, many recent studies have explored the recycling of agro-industrial waste to create bioactive chemicals. Citrus peels are produced in vast quantities in the food processing sector; due to their abundance of flavonoids, they may be inexpensive sources of protection against several cancers. Citrus is a common type of fruit that contains a variety of nutrients. In particular, the antioxidant chemicals found in citrus peel have been identified as potential cancer-fighting agents. Antioxidant substances such as flavonoids prevent the development of cancer by inhibiting the metastatic cascade, decreasing the mobility of cancer cells in the circulatory system, promoting apoptosis, and suppressing angiogenesis. To explore the most effective uses of citrus peel-derived antioxidants, this review presents background information, an overview of the role of citrus antioxidants in cancer therapy, and a discussion of the key underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouf Khalifa ALaqeel
- Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Fairley LH, Das S, Dharwal V, Amorim N, Hegarty KJ, Wadhwa R, Mounika G, Hansbro PM. Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants as a Therapeutic Strategy for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:973. [PMID: 37107348 PMCID: PMC10135688 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major hallmark of COPD, contributing to inflammatory signaling, corticosteroid resistance, DNA damage, and accelerated lung aging and cellular senescence. Evidence suggests that oxidative damage is not solely due to exogenous exposure to inhaled irritants, but also endogenous sources of oxidants in the form of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondria, the major producers of ROS, exhibit impaired structure and function in COPD, resulting in reduced oxidative capacity and excessive ROS production. Antioxidants have been shown to protect against ROS-induced oxidative damage in COPD, by reducing ROS levels, reducing inflammation, and protecting against the development of emphysema. However, currently available antioxidants are not routinely used in the management of COPD, suggesting the need for more effective antioxidant agents. In recent years, a number of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant (MTA) compounds have been developed that are capable of crossing the mitochondria lipid bilayer, offering a more targeted approach to reducing ROS at its source. In particular, MTAs have been shown to illicit greater protective effects compared to non-targeted, cellular antioxidants by further reducing apoptosis and offering greater protection against mtDNA damage, suggesting they are promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of COPD. Here, we review evidence for the therapeutic potential of MTAs as a treatment for chronic lung disease and discuss current challenges and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren H. Fairley
- Centre for Inflammation, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Shatarupa Das
- Centre for Inflammation, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Vivek Dharwal
- Centre for Inflammation, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Nadia Amorim
- Centre for Inflammation, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Karl J. Hegarty
- Centre for Inflammation, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Ridhima Wadhwa
- Centre for Inflammation, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Guntipally Mounika
- Centre for Inflammation, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Philip M. Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
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Sharma S, Sharma P, Subedi U, Bhattarai S, Miller C, Manikandan S, Batinic-Haberle I, Spasojevic I, Sun H, Panchatcharam M, Miriyala S. Mn(III) Porphyrin, MnTnBuOE-2-PyP 5+, Commonly Known as a Mimic of Superoxide Dismutase Enzyme, Protects Cardiomyocytes from Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Induced Injury via Reducing Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6159. [PMID: 37047131 PMCID: PMC10094288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R) causes damage to cardiomyocytes through oxidative stress and apoptosis. We investigated the cardioprotective effects of MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+ (BMX-001), a superoxide dismutase mimic, in an in vitro model of I/R injury in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. We found that BMX-001 protected against hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced oxidative stress, as evident by a significant reduction in intracellular and mitochondrial superoxide levels. BMX-001 pre-treatment also reduced H/R-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, as marked by a reduction in TUNEL-positive cells. We further demonstrated that BMX-001 pre-treatment significantly improved mitochondrial function, particularly O2 consumption, in mouse adult cardiomyocytes subjected to H/R. BMX-001 treatment also attenuated cardiolipin peroxidation, 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) level, and 4-HNE adducted proteins following H/R injury. Finally, the pre-treatment with BMX-001 improved cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in H9c2 cells following H/R injury. Our findings suggest that BMX-001 has therapeutic potential as a cardioprotective agent against oxidative stress-induced H/R damage in H9c2 cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Sharma
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Papori Sharma
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Utsab Subedi
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Susmita Bhattarai
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Chloe Miller
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Shrivats Manikandan
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Ines Batinic-Haberle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ivan Spasojevic
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) Core Laboratory, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Manikandan Panchatcharam
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Sumitra Miriyala
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
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Zivkovic Radojevic M, Milosavljevic N, Miladinovic TB, Janković S, Folic M. Review of compounds that exhibit radioprotective and/or mitigatory effects after application of diagnostic or therapeutic ionizing radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:594-603. [PMID: 35930681 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2110308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exposure to ionizing radiation can be accidental or for medical purposes. Analyzes of the frequency of radiation damage in the general population, it has been determined that by far the most common are those that occur as a result of diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. Damage caused by radiation, either accidentally or for therapeutic purposes, can be reduced by the use of radioprotectors, mitigators or other therapeutic agents. A detailed research of the available literature shows that there is little systematized data of potentially radioprotective and/or mitigating effects of drugs from the personal therapy of patients during the application of therapeutic ionizing radiation. The aim of this paper is to present review of compounds, especially personal therapy drugs, that exhibit radioprotective and/or mitigating effects after the application of diagnostic or therapeutic ionizing radiation. CONCLUSIONS Given the widespread use of ionizing radiation for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, there is a clear need to create a strategy and recommendations of relevant institutions for the use of radioprotectors and mitigators in everyday clinical practice, with individual evaluation of the patient's condition and selection of the compounds that will show the greatest benefit in terms of radioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neda Milosavljevic
- Centre for Radiation Oncology, University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Tatjana B Miladinovic
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Slobodan Janković
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marko Folic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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21
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Switchable Nanozyme Activity of Porphyrins Intercalated in Layered Gadolinium Hydroxide. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315373. [PMID: 36499698 PMCID: PMC9736057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, organo-inorganic nanohybrids LHGd-MTSPP with enzyme-like activity were prepared by in situ intercalation of anionic 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin and its complexes with Zn(II) and Pd(II) (MTSPP, M = 2H, Zn(II) and Pd(II)) into gadolinium layered hydroxide (LHGd). The combination of powder XRD, CHNS analysis, FT-IR, EDX, and TG confirmed the layered structure of the reaction products. The basal interplanar distances in LHGd-MTSPP samples were 22.3-22.6 Å, corresponding to the size of an intercalated tetrapyrrole molecule. According to SEM data, LHGd-MTSPP hybrids consisted of individual lamellar nanoparticles 20-50 nm in thickness. The enzyme-like activity of individual constituents, LHGd-Cl and sulfoporphyrins TSPP, ZnTSPP and PdTSPP, and hybrid LHGd-MTSPP materials, was studied by chemiluminescence analysis using the ABAP/luminol system in phosphate buffer solution. All the individual porphyrins exhibited dose-dependent antioxidant properties with respect to alkylperoxyl radicals at pH 7.4. The intercalation of free base TSPP porphyrin into the LHGd preserved the radical scavenging properties of the product. Conversely, in LHGd-MTSPP samples containing Zn(II) and Pd(II) complexes, the antioxidant properties of the porphyrins changed to dose-dependent prooxidant activity. Thus, an efficient approach to the design and synthesis of advanced LHGd-MTSPP materials with switchable enzyme-like activity was developed.
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22
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Rodman SN, Kluz PN, Hines MR, Oberley‐Deegan RE, Coleman MC. Sex-based differences in the severity of radiation-induced arthrofibrosis. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:2586-2596. [PMID: 35148568 PMCID: PMC9365890 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
As cancer survivorship increases, so does the number of patients that suffer from the late effects of radiation therapy. This includes arthrofibrosis, the development of stiff joints near the field of radiation. Previous reports have concentrated on skin fibrosis around the joint but largely ignored the deeper tissues of the joint. We hypothesized that fat, muscle, and the joint tissues themselves would play a more significant role in joint contracture after radiation than the skin surrounding the joint. To address this hypothesis, we irradiated the right hind flanks of mice with fractionated and unfractionated dose schedules, then monitored the mice for 3 months postradiotherapy. Mice were euthanized and physiological indications of arthrofibrosis including limb contracture and joint resting position were assessed. Stifle (knee) joints demonstrated significant arthrofibrosis, but none was observed in the hock (ankle) joints. During these studies, we were surprised to find that male and female mice showed a significantly different response to radiation injury. Female mice developed more injuries, had significantly worse contracture, and showed a greater difference in the expression of all markers studied. These results suggest that women undergoing radiation therapy might be at significantly greater risk for developing arthrofibrosis and may require specific adjustments to their care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel N. Rodman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Holden Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA,Department of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUniversity of Iowa Hospitals and ClinicsIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Paige N. Kluz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Holden Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA,Department of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUniversity of Iowa Hospitals and ClinicsIowa CityIowaUSA,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) LaboratoryUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Madeline R. Hines
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Holden Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA,Department of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUniversity of Iowa Hospitals and ClinicsIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Rebecca E. Oberley‐Deegan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Mitchell C. Coleman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Holden Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA,Department of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUniversity of Iowa Hospitals and ClinicsIowa CityIowaUSA
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23
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DiCarlo AL, Carnell LS, Rios CI, Prasanna PG. Inter-agency perspective: Translating advances in biomarker discovery and medical countermeasures development between terrestrial and space radiation environments. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2022; 35:9-19. [PMID: 36336375 PMCID: PMC9832585 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 20+ years, the U.S. Government has made significant strides in establishing research funding and initiating a portfolio consisting of subject matter experts on radiation-induced biological effects in normal tissues. Research supported by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) provided much of the early findings on identifying cellular pathways involved in radiation injuries, due to the need to push the boundaries to kill tumor cells while minimizing damage to intervening normal tissues. By protecting normal tissue surrounding the tumors, physicians can deliver a higher radiation dose to tumors and reduce adverse effects related to the treatment. Initially relying on this critical NCI research, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), first tasked with developing radiation medical countermeasures in 2004, has provided bridge funding to move basic research toward advanced development and translation. The goal of the NIAID program is to fund approaches that can one day be employed to protect civilian populations during a radiological or nuclear incident. In addition, with the reality of long-term space flights and the possibility of radiation exposures to both acute, high-intensity, and chronic lower-dose levels, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has identified requirements to discover and develop radioprotectors and mitigators to protect their astronauts during space missions. In sustained partnership with sister agencies, these three organizations must continue to leverage funding and findings in their overlapping research areas to accelerate biomarker identification and product development to help safeguard these different and yet undeniably similar human populations - cancer patients, public citizens, and astronauts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L DiCarlo
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5601 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD, 20852 United States of America.
| | - Lisa S Carnell
- Biological and Physical Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 300 E Street SW, Washington, DC, 20546 United States of America
| | - Carmen I Rios
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5601 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD, 20852 United States of America
| | - Pataje G Prasanna
- Radiation Research Program (RRP), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892 United States of America
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24
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Prieux-Klotz C, Chédotal H, Zoumpoulaki M, Chouzenoux S, Chêne C, Lopez-Sanchez A, Thomas M, Ranjan Sahoo P, Policar C, Batteux F, Bertrand HC, Nicco C, Coriat R. A New Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Mimetic Improves Oxaliplatin-Induced Neuropathy and Global Tolerance in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12938. [PMID: 36361753 PMCID: PMC9658974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by every aerobic cell during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion. Superoxide Dismutases (SOD) are antioxidant proteins that convert superoxide anions (O2•-) to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and dioxygen. Using the differential in the level of oxidative stress between normal and cancer cells, SOD mimetics can show an antitumoral effect and prevent oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy. New Pt(IV) conjugate prodrugs (OxPt-x-Mn1C1A (x = 1, 1-OH, 2)), combining oxaliplatin and a Mn SOD mimic (MnSODm Mn1C1A) with a covalent link, were designed. Their stability in buffer and in the presence of sodium ascorbate was studied. In vitro, their antitumoral activity was assessed by the viability and ROS production of tumor cell lines (CT16, HCT 116, KC) and fibroblasts (primary culture and NIH 3T3). In vivo, a murine model of colorectal cancer was created with subcutaneous injection of CT26 cells in Balb/c mice. Tumor size and volume were measured weekly in four groups: vehicle, oxaliplatin, and oxaliplatin associated with MnSODm Mn1C1A and the bis-conjugate OxPt-2-Mn1C1A. Oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy (OIPN) was assessed using a Von Frey test reflecting chronic hypoalgesia. Tolerance to treatment was assessed with a clinical score including four items: weight loss, weariness, alopecia, and diarrhea. In vitro, Mn1C1A associated with oxaliplatin and Pt(IV) conjugates treatment induced significantly higher production of H2O2 in all cell lines and showed a significant improvement of the antitumoral efficacy compared to oxaliplatin alone. In vivo, the association of Mn1C1A to oxaliplatin did not decrease its antitumoral activity, while OxPt-2-Mn1C1A had lower antitumoral activity than oxaliplatin alone. Mn1C1A associated with oxaliplatin significantly decreased OIPN and also improved global clinical tolerance of oxaliplatin. A neuroprotective effect was observed, associated with a significantly improved tolerance to oxaliplatin without impairing its antitumoral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Prieux-Klotz
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U 1016 CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
- Percy Military Hospital, Gastroenterology, 101 Avenue Henri Barbusse, 92140 Clamart, France
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Henri Chédotal
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Martha Zoumpoulaki
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Chouzenoux
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U 1016 CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Chêne
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U 1016 CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alvaro Lopez-Sanchez
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marine Thomas
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U 1016 CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Priya Ranjan Sahoo
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Clotilde Policar
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Batteux
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U 1016 CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Hélène C. Bertrand
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Carole Nicco
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U 1016 CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Romain Coriat
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U 1016 CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
- Gastroenterology, Cochin Hospital AP-HP, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France
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25
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Lee FS, Ney KE, Richardson AN, Oberley-Deegan RE, Wachs RA. Encapsulation of Manganese Porphyrin in Chondroitin Sulfate-A Microparticles for Long Term Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging. Cell Mol Bioeng 2022; 15:391-407. [PMID: 36444349 PMCID: PMC9700555 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-022-00744-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Oxidative stress due to excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) is related to many chronic illnesses including degenerative disc disease and osteoarthritis. MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+ (BuOE), a manganese porphyrin analog, is a synthetic superoxide dismutase mimetic that scavenges ROS and has established good treatment efficacy at preventing radiation-induced oxidative damage in healthy cells. BuOE has not been studied in degenerative disc disease applications and only few studies have loaded BuOE into drug delivery systems. The goal of this work is to engineer BuOE microparticles (MPs) as an injectable therapeutic for long-term ROS scavenging. Methods Methacrylated chondroitin sulfate-A MPs (vehicle) and BuOE MPs were synthesized via water-in-oil polymerization and the size, surface morphology, encapsulation efficiency and release profile were characterized. To assess long term ROS scavenging of BuOE MPs, superoxide scavenging activity was evaluated over an 84-day time course. In vitro cytocompatibility and cellular uptake were assessed on human intervertebral disc cells. Results BuOE MPs were successfully encapsulated in MACS-A MPs and exhibited a slow-release profile over 84 days. BuOE maintained high potency in superoxide scavenging after encapsulation and after 84 days of incubation at 37 °C as compared to naked BuOE. Vehicle and BuOE MPs (100 µg/mL) were non-cytotoxic on nucleus pulposus cells and MPs up to 23 µm were endocytosed. Conclusions BuOE MPs can be successfully fabricated and maintain potent superoxide scavenging capabilities up to 84-days. In vitro assessment reveals the vehicle and BuOE MPs are not cytotoxic and can be taken up by cells. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12195-022-00744-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei San Lee
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 4240 Fair St, Lincoln, NE 68583-0900 USA
| | - Kayla E. Ney
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 4240 Fair St, Lincoln, NE 68583-0900 USA
| | - Alexandria N. Richardson
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 4240 Fair St, Lincoln, NE 68583-0900 USA
| | - Rebecca E. Oberley-Deegan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Rebecca A. Wachs
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 4240 Fair St, Lincoln, NE 68583-0900 USA
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Subasinghe SAAS, Pautler RG, Samee MAH, Yustein JT, Allen MJ. Dual-Mode Tumor Imaging Using Probes That Are Responsive to Hypoxia-Induced Pathological Conditions. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:478. [PMID: 35884281 PMCID: PMC9313010 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia in solid tumors is associated with poor prognosis, increased aggressiveness, and strong resistance to therapeutics, making accurate monitoring of hypoxia important. Several imaging modalities have been used to study hypoxia, but each modality has inherent limitations. The use of a second modality can compensate for the limitations and validate the results of any single imaging modality. In this review, we describe dual-mode imaging systems for the detection of hypoxia that have been reported since the start of the 21st century. First, we provide a brief overview of the hallmarks of hypoxia used for imaging and the imaging modalities used to detect hypoxia, including optical imaging, ultrasound imaging, photoacoustic imaging, single-photon emission tomography, X-ray computed tomography, positron emission tomography, Cerenkov radiation energy transfer imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, electron paramagnetic resonance imaging, magnetic particle imaging, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and mass spectrometric imaging. These overviews are followed by examples of hypoxia-relevant imaging using a mixture of probes for complementary single-mode imaging techniques. Then, we describe dual-mode molecular switches that are responsive in multiple imaging modalities to at least one hypoxia-induced pathological change. Finally, we offer future perspectives toward dual-mode imaging of hypoxia and hypoxia-induced pathophysiological changes in tumor microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robia G. Pautler
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.G.P.); (M.A.H.S.)
| | - Md. Abul Hassan Samee
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.G.P.); (M.A.H.S.)
| | - Jason T. Yustein
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences and the Department of Pediatrics in the Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers and The Faris D. Virani Ewing Sarcoma Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Matthew J. Allen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202, USA;
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Manganese Porphyrin Promotes Post Cardiac Arrest Recovery in Mice and Rats. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11070957. [PMID: 36101338 PMCID: PMC9312251 DOI: 10.3390/biology11070957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Cardiac arrest (CA) and resuscitation induces global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion, causing neurologic deficits or death. Manganese porphyrins, superoxide dismutase mimics, are reportedly able to effectively reduce ischemic injury in brain, kidney, and other tissues. This study evaluates the efficacy of a third generation lipophilic Mn porphyrin, MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+, Mn(III) ortho meso-tetrakis (N-n-butoxyethylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin (MnBuOE, BMX-001), in both mouse and rat models of CA. Methods Forty-eight animals were subjected to 8 min of CA and resuscitated subsequently by chest compression and epinephrine infusion. Vehicle or MnBuOE was given immediately after resuscitation followed by daily subcutaneous injections. Body weight, spontaneous activity, neurologic deficits, rotarod performance, and neuronal death were assessed. Kidney tubular injury was assessed in CA mice. Data were collected by the investigators who were blinded to the treatment groups. Results Vehicle mice had a mortality of 20%, which was reduced by 50% by MnBuOE. All CA mice had body weight loss, spontaneous activity decline, neurologic deficits, and decreased rotarod performance that were significantly improved at three days post MnBuOE daily treatment. MnBuOE treatment reduced cortical neuronal death and kidney tubular injury in mice (p < 0.05) but not hippocampus neuronal death (23% MnBuOE vs. 34% vehicle group, p = 0.49). In rats, they had a better body-weight recovery and increased rotarod latency after MnBuOE treatment when compared to vehicle group (p < 0.01 vs. vehicle). MnBuOE-treated rats had a low percentage of hippocampus neuronal death (39% MnBuOE vs. 49% vehicle group, p = 0.21) and less tubular injury (p < 0.05) relative to vehicle group. Conclusions We demonstrated the ability of MnBuOE to improve post-CA survival, as well as functional outcomes in both mice and rats, which jointly account for the improvement not only of brain function but also of the overall wellbeing of the animals. While MnBuOE bears therapeutic potential for treating CA patients, the females and the animals with comorbidities must be further evaluated before advancing toward clinical trials.
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Zhang Y, Kudriashov D, Pershina L, Offenhäusser A, Mourzina Y. Intrinsic Multienzyme-like Activities of the Nanoparticles of Mn and Fe Cyano-Bridged Assemblies. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:2095. [PMID: 35745431 PMCID: PMC9227851 DOI: 10.3390/nano12122095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the intrinsic multienzyme-like properties of the non-stabilized nanocrystalline nanoparticles of manganese-doped Prussian blue (Mn-PB) nanozymes and Prussian blue (PB) nanozymes in chemical and electrocatalytic transformations of reactive oxygen species. The effect of manganese doping on the structural, biomimetic, and electrocatalytic properties of cyano-bridged assemblies is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yulia Mourzina
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-3-Bioelectronics), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (Y.Z.); (D.K.); (L.P.); (A.O.)
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Li L, Li H, Shi L, Shi L, Li T. Tin Porphyrin-Based Nanozymes with Unprecedented Superoxide Dismutase-Mimicking Activities. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:7272-7279. [PMID: 35638128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As the oxidative stress is related to human aging and many diseases, a diversity of antioxidant biomimetic enzymes to eliminate reactive oxygen species in vivo and maintain the redox balance has attracted intensive attention. Of particular interest are superoxide dismutase (SOD)-mimicking artificial enzymes that bear inherent characteristics of natural counterparts but overcome their deficiencies in thermal and acidic stability. Inspired by the metallized active center of natural SODs, here, we engineered different groups of metalloporphyrins and found that Sn-metallized porphyrins can act as novel SOD mimics, in which Sn-metallized meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl) porphine (Sn-TCPP) can more effectively catalyze the disproportionation of superoxide radical anions (•O2-) into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen. Especially, Sn-TCPP-based metal-organic frame nanozyme (Sn-PCN222) displays an unusually high catalytic activity that remarkably exceeds those of commonly used counterparts. Such unprecedented catalytic behaviors are proposed to depend on the Sn(IV)/Sn(II) transition at the center of Sn-TCPP. In addition, the metal-organic framework (MOF) nanozymes also display higher thermal and acidic stability than natural SODs. Interestingly, we find that Sn-complexed methylated tetra-(4-aminophenyl) porphyrin shows an aggregation-induced SOD activity in an acidic environment, whereas conventional SOD mimics do not function well in this case. Given these unique features, our reported Sn-porphyrin-based nanozymes would be potent alternatives for natural SODs to be widely used in clinical treatments of oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Lili Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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Antioxidant Therapy in Cancer: Rationale and Progress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061128. [PMID: 35740025 PMCID: PMC9220137 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is characterized by increased oxidative stress, an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants. Enhanced ROS accumulation, as a result of metabolic disturbances and signaling aberrations, can promote carcinogenesis and malignant progression by inducing gene mutations and activating pro-oncogenic signaling, providing a possible rationale for targeting oxidative stress in cancer treatment. While numerous antioxidants have demonstrated therapeutic potential, their clinical efficacy in cancer remains unproven. Here, we review the rationale for, and recent advances in, pre-clinical and clinical research on antioxidant therapy in cancer, including targeting ROS with nonenzymatic antioxidants, such as NRF2 activators, vitamins, N-acetylcysteine and GSH esters, or targeting ROS with enzymatic antioxidants, such as NOX inhibitors and SOD mimics. In addition, we will offer insights into prospective therapeutic options for improving the effectiveness of antioxidant therapy, which may expand its applications in clinical cancer treatment.
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Obrador E, Salvador-Palmer R, Villaescusa JI, Gallego E, Pellicer B, Estrela JM, Montoro A. Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies: Biological Effects, Countermeasures and Biodosimetry. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1098. [PMID: 35739995 PMCID: PMC9219873 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atomic and radiological crises can be caused by accidents, military activities, terrorist assaults involving atomic installations, the explosion of nuclear devices, or the utilization of concealed radiation exposure devices. Direct damage is caused when radiation interacts directly with cellular components. Indirect effects are mainly caused by the generation of reactive oxygen species due to radiolysis of water molecules. Acute and persistent oxidative stress associates to radiation-induced biological damages. Biological impacts of atomic radiation exposure can be deterministic (in a period range a posteriori of the event and because of destructive tissue/organ harm) or stochastic (irregular, for example cell mutation related pathologies and heritable infections). Potential countermeasures according to a specific scenario require considering basic issues, e.g., the type of radiation, people directly affected and first responders, range of doses received and whether the exposure or contamination has affected the total body or is partial. This review focuses on available medical countermeasures (radioprotectors, radiomitigators, radionuclide scavengers), biodosimetry (biological and biophysical techniques that can be quantitatively correlated with the magnitude of the radiation dose received), and strategies to implement the response to an accidental radiation exposure. In the case of large-scale atomic or radiological events, the most ideal choice for triage, dose assessment and victim classification, is the utilization of global biodosimetry networks, in combination with the automation of strategies based on modular platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Obrador
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (R.S.-P.); (B.P.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Rosario Salvador-Palmer
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (R.S.-P.); (B.P.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Juan I. Villaescusa
- Service of Radiological Protection, Clinical Area of Medical Image, La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (J.I.V.); (A.M.)
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group GIBI230, Health Research Institute (IISLaFe), La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Gallego
- Energy Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering, Polytechnic University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Blanca Pellicer
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (R.S.-P.); (B.P.); (J.M.E.)
| | - José M. Estrela
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (R.S.-P.); (B.P.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Alegría Montoro
- Service of Radiological Protection, Clinical Area of Medical Image, La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (J.I.V.); (A.M.)
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group GIBI230, Health Research Institute (IISLaFe), La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain
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Piacenza L, Zeida A, Trujillo M, Radi R. The superoxide radical switch in the biology of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1881-1906. [PMID: 35605280 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00005.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lucìa Piacenza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Ari Zeida
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Madia Trujillo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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A Redoxable Mn Porphyrin, MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+, Synergizes with Carboplatin in Treatment of Chemoresistant Ovarian Cell Line. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9664636. [PMID: 35898616 PMCID: PMC9313984 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9664636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We have employed a redox-active MnP (MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+, Mn(III) meso-tetrakis (N-n-butoxyethylpyridinium-2-yl) porphyrin) frequently identified as superoxide dismutase mimic or BMX-001, to explore the redox status of normal ovarian cell in relation to two ovarian cancer cell lines: OV90 human serous ovarian cancer cell and chemotherapy-resistant OV90 cell (OVCD). We identified that OVCD cells are under oxidative stress due to high hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels and low glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin 1. Furthermore, OVCD cells have increased glycolysis activity and mitochondrial respiration when compared to immortalized ovarian cells (hTER7) and parental cancer cells (OV90). Our goal was to study how ovarian cell growth depends upon the redox state of the cell; hence, we used MnP (BMX-001), a redox-active MnSOD mimetic, as a molecular tool to alter ovarian cancer redox state. Interestingly, OVCD cells preferentially uptake MnP relative to OV90 cells which led to increased inhibition of cell growth, glycolytic activity, OXPHOS, and ATP, in OVCD cells. These effects were further increased when MnP was combined with carboplatin. The effects were discussed with regard to the elevation in H2O2 levels, increased oxidative stress, and reduced Nrf2 levels and its downstream targets when cells were exposed to either MnP or MnP/carboplatin. It is significant to emphasize that MnP protects normal ovarian cell line, hTER7, against carboplatin toxicity. Our data demonstrate that the addition of MnP-based redox-active drugs may be used (via increasing excessively the oxidative stress of serous ovarian cancer cells) to improve cancer patients' chemotherapy outcomes, which develop resistance to platinum-based drugs.
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Luo H, Yu W, Chen S, Wang Z, Tian Z, He J, Liu Y. Application of metalloporphyrin sensitizers for the treatment or diagnosis of tumors. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/17475198221090914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
At present, metalloporphyrin compounds demonstrate three main uses as anticancer sensitizers: (1) photosensitizers, (2) photothermal conversion agents, and (3) ultrasound sensitizers. Developing efficient sensitizers for cancer with excellent controllability and biocompatibility is an important goal of oncology medicine. Because of the different structural diversity of anticancer sensitizers, such sensitizers are used for treating cancers by employing a variety of tumor treatment methods such as mature photodynamic therapy, commonly used clinically photothermal therapy and promising sonodynamic therapy. Among the many sensitizers, metalloporphyrin-complex sensitizers attract wide attention due to their excellent performance in tumor treatment and diagnosis. This review briefly describes some metalloporphyrin anticancer drugs and diagnostic agents related to photodynamic, photothermal and sonodynamic therapy, and discusses the roles of metal atoms in these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Luo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenmei Yu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Si Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zejie Tian
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunmei Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China
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Inertness of Superoxide Dismutase Mimics Mn(II) Complexes Based on an Open-Chain Ligand, Bioactivity, and Detection in Intestinal Epithelial Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3858122. [PMID: 35401918 PMCID: PMC8993562 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3858122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is known to play a major role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), and, in particular, superoxide dismutase (SODs) defenses were shown to be weakened in patients suffering from IBDs. SOD mimics, also called SOD mimetics, as low-molecular-weight complexes reproducing the activity of SOD, constitute promising antioxidant catalytic metallodrugs in the context of IBDs. A Mn(II) complex SOD mimic (Mn1) based on an open-chain diaminoethane ligand exerting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on an intestinal epithelial cellular model was shown to experience metal exchanges between the manganese center and metal ions present in the biological environment (such as Zn(II)) to some degrees. As the resulting complexes (mainly Zn(II)) were shown to be inactive, improving the kinetic inertness of Mn(II) complexes based on open-chain ligands is key to improve their bioactivity in a cellular context. We report here the study of three new Mn(II) complexes resulting from Mn1 functionalization with a cyclohexyl and/or a propyl group meant to limit, respectively, (a) metal exchanges and (b) deprotonation of an amine from the 1,2-diaminoethane central scaffold. The new manganese-based SOD mimics display a higher intrinsic SOD activity and also improved kinetic inertness in metal ion exchange processes (with Zn(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II)). They were shown to provide anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in cells at lower doses than Mn1 (down to 10 μM). This improvement was due to their higher inertness against metal-assisted dissociation and not to different cellular overall accumulations. Based on its higher inertness, the SOD mimic containing both the propyl and the cyclohexyl moieties was suitable for intracellular detection and quantification by mass spectrometry, quantification, that was achieved by using a 13C-labeled Co-based analog of the SOD mimics as an external heavy standard.
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SOD mimics: From the tool box of the chemists to cellular studies. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2022; 67:102109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.102109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Squillace S, Salvemini D. Nitroxidative stress in pain and opioid-induced adverse effects: therapeutic opportunities. Pain 2022; 163:205-213. [PMID: 34145168 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Squillace
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Yang B, Yao H, Yang J, Chen C, Guo Y, Fu H, Shi J. In Situ Synthesis of Natural Antioxidase Mimics for Catalytic Anti-Inflammatory Treatments: Rheumatoid Arthritis as an Example. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:314-330. [PMID: 34881869 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mimicking the coordination geometry of the active metal sites of natural enzymes is an efficient strategy in designing therapeutic chemicals with enzymelike in vivo reaction thermodynamics and kinetics. In this study, this chemical concept has been applied for the in situ synthesis of natural antioxidase mimics for catalytic anti-inflammatory treatment by using rheumatoid arthritis, a common and hardly curable immune-mediated diseases, as an example. Briefly, a composite nanomedicine has been first constructed by loading cationic porphyrin ligands into a manganese-engineered mesoporous silica nanocarrier, which can respond to a mildly acidic environment to concurrently release manganous ions and porphyrin ligands, enabling their subsequent coordination and synthesis of manganese porphyrin with a coordination environment of an active Mn site similar to those of the metal sites in natural superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. Due to the strong metal-ligand exchange coupling enabled by the N-ethylpyridinium-2-yl groups tetrasubstituted in the meso positions of N4-macroheterocycles, such a manganese porphyrin presents the SOD-like activity of disproportionating superoxide anions via outer-sphere proton-coupled one-electron transfer (diaquamanganese(III)/monoaquamanganese(II) cycling), as well as the catalase-like activity of disproportionating hydrogen peroxide via inner-sphere proton-coupled two-electron transfer (diaquamanganese(III)/dioxomanganese(V) cycling). Cellular experiments demonstrated the high antioxidative efficacy of the composite nanomedicine in M1 macrophages by promoting their polarization shift to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Equally importantly, the silicon-containing oligomers released from the manganese silicate nanocarrier can act as heterogeneous nucleation centers of hydroxyapatite for facilitating biomineralization by bone mesenchymal stem cells. Finally, an in vivo adjuvant-induced arthritis animal model further reveals the high efficacy of the nanomedicine in treating rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, PR China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Heliang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, PR China
| | - Jiacai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, PR China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Chang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, PR China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yuedong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, PR China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Hao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, PR China
| | - Jianlin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, PR China
- Tenth People's Hospital and School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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Schlichte SL, Pekas EJ, Bruett TJ, Kosmacek EA, Hackfort BT, Rasmussen JM, Patel KP, Park SY, Oberley-Deegan RE, Zimmerman MC. Sympathoinhibition and Vasodilation Contribute to the Acute Hypotensive Response of the Superoxide Dismutase Mimic, MnTnBuOE-2-PyP 5+, in Hypertensive Animals. ADVANCES IN REDOX RESEARCH 2021; 3:100016. [PMID: 38831957 PMCID: PMC11146686 DOI: 10.1016/j.arres.2021.100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of hypertension has been linked to excessive levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly superoxide (O2•-), in multiple tissues and organ systems. Overexpression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) to scavenge O2•- has been shown to decrease blood pressure in hypertensive animals. We have previously shown that MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+ (BuOE), a manganese porphyrin SOD mimic currently in clinical trials as a normal tissue protector for cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy, can scavenge O2•- and acutely decrease normotensive blood pressures. Herein, we hypothesized that BuOE decreases hypertensive blood pressures. Using angiotensin II (AngII)-hypertensive mice, we demonstrate that BuOE administered both intraperitoneally and intravenously (IV) acutely decreases elevated blood pressure. Further investigation using renal sympathetic nerve recordings in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) reveals that immediately following IV injection of BuOE, blood pressure and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) decrease. BuOE also induces dose-dependent vasodilation of femoral arteries from AngII-hypertensive mice, a response that is mediated, at least in part, by nitric oxide, as demonstrated by ex vivo video myography. We confirmed this vasodilation in vivo using doppler imaging of the superior mesenteric artery in AngII-hypertensive mice. Together, these data demonstrate that BuOE acutely decreases RSNA and induces vasodilation, which likely contribute to its ability to rapidly decrease hypertensive blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Schlichte
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Elizabeth J. Pekas
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE
| | - Taylor J. Bruett
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Elizabeth A. Kosmacek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Bryan T. Hackfort
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Jordan M. Rasmussen
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Kaushik P. Patel
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Song-Young Park
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE
| | | | - Matthew C. Zimmerman
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
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Abstract
Significance: Vitamin C (ascorbate), in regard to its effectiveness against malignancies, has had a controversial history in cancer treatment. It has been shown that in vitro and in vivo anticancer efficacy of ascorbate relies on its pro-oxidant effect mainly from an increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A growing understanding of its anticancer activities and pharmacokinetic properties has prompted scientists to re-evaluate the significance of ascorbate in cancer treatment. Recent Advances: A recent resurge in ascorbate research emerged after discovering that, at high doses, ascorbate preferentially kills Kirsten-Ras (K-ras)- and B-raf oncogene (BRAF)-mutant cancer cells. In addition, some of the main hallmarks of cancer cells, such as redox homeostasis and oxygen-sensing regulation (through inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha [HIF-1α] activity), are affected by vitamin C. Critical Issues: Currently, there is no clear consensus from the literature in regard to the beneficial effects of antioxidants. Results from both human and animal studies provide no clear evidence about the benefit of antioxidant treatment in preventing or suppressing cancer development. Since pro-oxidants may affect both normal and tumor cells, the extremely low toxicity of ascorbate represents a main advantage. This guarantees the safe inclusion of ascorbate in clinical protocols to treat cancer patients. Future Directions: Current research could focus on elucidating the wide array of reactions between ascorbate and reactive species, namely ROS, reactive nitrogen species as well as reactive sulfide species, and their intracellular molecular targets. Unraveling these mechanisms could allow researchers to assess what could be the optimal combination of ascorbate with standard treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Glorieux
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Pedro Buc Calderon
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile.,Research Group in Metabolism and Nutrition, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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41
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Lu Z, Lightcap IV, Tennyson AG. An organometallic catalase mimic with exceptional activity, H 2O 2 stability, and catalase/peroxidase selectivity. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:15493-15501. [PMID: 34473153 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02002a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Manganese-porphyrin and -salen redox therapeutics catalyze redox reactions involving O2˙-, H2O2, and other reactive oxygen species, thereby modulating cellular redox states. Many of these complexes perform catalase reactions via high-valent Mn-oxo or -hydroxo intermediates that oxidize H2O2 to O2, but these intermediates can also oxidize other molecules (e.g., thiols), which is peroxidase reactivity. Whether catalase or peroxidase reactivity predominates depends on the metal-ligand set and the local environment, complicating predictions of what therapeutic effects (e.g., promoting vs. suppressing apoptosis) a complex might produce in a given disease. We recently reported an organoruthenium complex (Ru1) that catalyzes ABTS˙- reduction to ABTS2- with H2O2 as the terminal reductant. Given that H2O2 is thermodynamically a stronger oxidant than ABTS˙-, we reasoned that the intermediate that reduced ABTS˙- would also be able to reduce H2O2 to H2O. Herein we demonstrate Ru1-catalyzed H2O2 disproportionation into O2 and H2O, exhibiting an 8,580-fold faster catalase TOF vs. peroxidase TOF, which is 89.2-fold greater than the highest value reported for a Mn-porphyin or -salen complex. Furthermore, Ru1 was 120-fold more stable to H2O2 than the best MnSOD mimic (TON = 4000 vs. 33.4) Mechanistic studies provide evidence that the mechanism for Ru1-catalyzed H2O2 disproportionation is conserved with the mechanism for ABTS˙- reduction. Therapeutic effects of redox catalysts can be predicted with greater accuracy for catalysts that exhibit exclusively catalase activity, thereby facilitating the development of future redox therapeutic strategies for diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuomin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson University, USA.
| | - Ian V Lightcap
- Center for Sustainable Energy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Andrew G Tennyson
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson University, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
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42
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MnTnHex-2-PyP 5+, Coupled to Radiation, Suppresses Metastasis of 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer via AKT/Snail/EMT Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111769. [PMID: 34829640 PMCID: PMC8615021 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor migration and invasion induced by the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are prerequisites for metastasis. Here, we investigated the inhibitory effect of a mimic of superoxide dismutase (SOD), cationic Mn(III) ortho-substituted N-n-hexylpyridylporphyrin (MnTnHex-2-PyP5+, MnHex) on the metastasis of breast cancer in cellular and animal models, focusing on the migration of tumor cells and the factors that modulate this behavior. Wound healing and Transwell migration assays revealed that the migration of mouse mammary carcinoma 4T1 cells was markedly reduced during the concurrent treatment of MnHex and radiation therapy (RT) compared with that of the control and RT alone. Bioluminescence imaging showed that MnHex/RT co-treatment dramatically reduced lung metastasis of 4T1 cells in mice, compared with the sham control and both single treatments. Western blotting and immunofluorescence showed that MnHex treatment of 4T1 cells reversed the RT-induced EMT via inhibiting AKT/GSK-3β/Snail pathway in vitro, thereby decreasing cell migration and invasion. Consistently, histopathological analyses of 4T1 tumors showed that MnHex/RT reduced Snail expression, blocked EMT, and in turn suppressed metastases. Again, in the human metastatic breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell line, MnHex inhibited metastatic potential in vitro and in vivo and suppressed the RT-induced Snail expression. In addition to our previous studies showing tumor growth inhibition, this study demonstrated that MnHex carries the ability to minimize the metastatic potential of RT-treated cancers, thus overcoming their radioresistance.
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43
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Wang Q, Zennadi R. The Role of RBC Oxidative Stress in Sickle Cell Disease: From the Molecular Basis to Pathologic Implications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101608. [PMID: 34679742 PMCID: PMC8533084 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited monogenic disorder and the most common severe hemoglobinopathy in the world. SCD is characterized by a point mutation in the β-globin gene, which results in hemoglobin (Hb) S production, leading to a variety of mechanistic and phenotypic changes within the sickle red blood cell (RBC). In SCD, the sickle RBCs are the root cause of the disease and they are a primary source of oxidative stress since sickle RBC redox state is compromised due to an imbalance between prooxidants and antioxidants. This imbalance in redox state is a result of a continuous production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the sickle RBC caused by the constant endogenous Hb autoxidation and NADPH oxidase activation, as well as by a deficiency in the antioxidant defense system. Accumulation of non-neutralized ROS within the sickle RBCs affects RBC membrane structure and function, leading to membrane integrity deficiency, low deformability, phosphatidylserine exposure, and release of micro-vesicles. These oxidative stress-associated RBC phenotypic modifications consequently evoke a myriad of physiological changes involved in multi-system manifestations. Thus, RBC oxidative stress in SCD can ultimately instigate major processes involved in organ damage. The critical role of the sickle RBC ROS production and its regulation in SCD pathophysiology are discussed here.
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44
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Geraldes CF, Castro MMC, Peters JA. Mn(III) porphyrins as potential MRI contrast agents for diagnosis and MRI-guided therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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45
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Kolyada MN, Osipova VP, Berberova NT, Shpakovsky DB, Milaeva ER. Porphyrins with Phenolic Fragments at the Periphery of the Macrocycle as Perspective Antioxidants, Cytoprotectors and Heavy Metal Scavengers. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-021-02995-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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46
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Senft L, Moore JL, Franke A, Fisher KR, Scheitler A, Zahl A, Puchta R, Fehn D, Ison S, Sader S, Ivanović-Burmazović I, Goldsmith CR. Quinol-containing ligands enable high superoxide dismutase activity by modulating coordination number, charge, oxidation states and stability of manganese complexes throughout redox cycling. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10483-10500. [PMID: 34447541 PMCID: PMC8356818 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02465e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactivity assays previously suggested that two quinol-containing MRI contrast agent sensors for H2O2, [Mn(H2qp1)(MeCN)]2+ and [Mn(H4qp2)Br2], could also catalytically degrade superoxide. Subsequently, [Zn(H2qp1)(OTf)]+ was found to use the redox activity of the H2qp1 ligand to catalyze the conversion of O2˙− to O2 and H2O2, raising the possibility that the organic ligand, rather than the metal, could serve as the redox partner for O2˙− in the manganese chemistry. Here, we use stopped-flow kinetics and cryospray-ionization mass spectrometry (CSI-MS) analysis of the direct reactions between the manganese-containing contrast agents and O2˙− to confirm the activity and elucidate the catalytic mechanism. The obtained data are consistent with the operation of multiple parallel catalytic cycles, with both the quinol groups and manganese cycling through different oxidation states during the reactions with superoxide. The choice of ligand impacts the overall charges of the intermediates and allows us to visualize complementary sets of intermediates within the catalytic cycles using CSI-MS. With the diquinolic H4qp2, we detect Mn(iii)-superoxo intermediates with both reduced and oxidized forms of the ligand, a Mn(iii)-hydroperoxo compound, and what is formally a Mn(iv)-oxo species with the monoquinolate/mono-para-quinone form of H4qp2. With the monoquinolic H2qp1, we observe a Mn(ii)-superoxo ↔ Mn(iii)-peroxo intermediate with the oxidized para-quinone form of the ligand. The observation of these species suggests inner-sphere mechanisms for O2˙− oxidation and reduction that include both the ligand and manganese as redox partners. The higher positive charges of the complexes with the reduced and oxidized forms of H2qp1 compared to those with related forms of H4qp2 result in higher catalytic activity (kcat ∼ 108 M−1 s−1 at pH 7.4) that rivals those of the most active superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimics. The manganese complex with H2qp1 is markedly more stable in water than other highly active non-porphyrin-based and even some Mn(ii) porphyrin-based SOD mimics. Manganese complexes with polydentate quinol-containing ligands are found to catalyze the degradation of superoxide through inner-sphere mechanisms. The redox activity of the ligand stabilizes higher-valent manganese species.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Senft
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Butenandtstr. 5-13 D 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Jamonica L Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University Auburn AL 36849 USA
| | - Alicja Franke
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Butenandtstr. 5-13 D 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Katherine R Fisher
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Butenandtstr. 5-13 D 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Andreas Scheitler
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Achim Zahl
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Ralph Puchta
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Dominik Fehn
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Sidney Ison
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University Auburn AL 36849 USA
| | - Safaa Sader
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University Auburn AL 36849 USA
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Valachová K, Rapta P, Moura NMM, Batinic-Haberle I, Šoltés L. Ortho Isomeric Mn(III) N-Alkyl- and Alkoxyalkylpyridylporphyrins-Enhancers of Hyaluronan Degradation Induced by Ascorbate and Cupric Ions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168608. [PMID: 34445313 PMCID: PMC8395334 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
High levels of hyaluronic acid (HA) in tumors correlate with poor outcomes with several types of cancers due to HA-driven support of adhesion, migration and proliferation of cells. In this study we explored how to enhance the degradation of HA into low-molecular fragments, which cannot prevent the immune system to fight tumor proliferation and metastases. The physiological solution of HA was exposed to oxidative degradation by ascorbate and cupric ions in the presence of either one of three ortho isomeric Mn(III) substituted N-alkyl- and alkoxyalkylpyridylporphyrins or para isomeric Mn(III) N-methylpyridyl analog, commonly known as mimics of superoxide dismutase. The changes in hyaluronan degradation kinetics by four Mn(III) porphyrins were monitored by measuring the alteration in the dynamic viscosity of the HA solution. The ortho compounds MnTE-2-PyP5+ (BMX-010, AEOL10113), MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+ (BMX-001) and MnTnHex-2-PyP5+ are able to redox cycle with ascorbate whereby producing H2O2 which is subsequently coupled with Cu(I) to produce the •OH radical essential for HA degradation. Conversely, with the para analog, MnTM-4-PyP5+, no catalysis of HA degradation was demonstrated, due to its inertness towards redox cycling with ascorbate. The impact of different Mn(III)-porphyrins on the HA decay was further clarified by electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometry. The ability to catalyze the degradation of HA in a biological milieu, in the presence of cupric ions and ascorbate under the conditions of high tumor oxidative stress provides further insight into the anticancer potential of redox-active ortho isomeric Mn(III) porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Valachová
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Correspondence: (K.V.); (P.R.)
| | - Peter Rapta
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence: (K.V.); (P.R.)
| | - Nuno M. M. Moura
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Ines Batinic-Haberle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Ladislav Šoltés
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia;
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48
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Habib A, Serniabad S, Khan MS, Islam R, Chakraborty M, Nargis A, Quayum ME, Alam MA, rapozzi V, Tabata M. Kinetics and mechanism of formation of nickel(II)porphyrin and its interaction with DNA in aqueous medium. J CHEM SCI 2021; 133:83. [PMID: 34366601 PMCID: PMC8329907 DOI: 10.1007/s12039-021-01945-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Kinetics between 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N-methylpyridium-4-yl)porphyrin and Ni2+ species were investigated in aqueous solution at 25 ±1 °C in I = 0.10 M (NaNO3). Speciation of Ni2+ was done in I = 0.10 M (NaNO3) for knowing distribution of Ni2+ species with solution pH. Experimental data were compared with speciation diagram constructed from the values of hydrolysis constants of Ni2+ ion. Speciation data showed that hexaaquanickel(II) ions took place in hydrolysis reactions through formation of [Ni(OH2)6-n(OH)n]2-n species with solution pH. According to speciation of Ni2+ and pH dependent rate constants, rate expression can be written as: d[Ni(TMPyP)4+]/dt = (k1[Ni2+(aq)] + k2[Ni(OH)+(aq)] + k3[Ni(OH)2o(aq)] + k4[Ni(OH)3-(aq)])[H2TMPyP4+], where k1, k2, k3 and k4 were found to be k1 = (0.62 ± 0.22) × 10-2; k2 = (3.60 ± 0.40) × 10-2; k3 = (2.09 ± 0.52) × 10-2, k4 = (0.53 ± 0.04) × 10-2 M-1s-1 at 25 ±1 °C, respectively. Formation of hydrogen bonding between [Ni(H2O)5(OH)]+ and [H2TMPyP]4+ causes enhanced reactivity. Rate of formation of [Ni(II)TMPyP]4+ complex was to be 3.99 × 10-2 M-1s-1 in I = 0.10 M, NaNO3 (25 ± 1 °C). UV-Vis and fluorescence data suggested that [Ni(II)TMPyP]4+ and [H2(TMPyP)]4+ interact with DNA via outside binding with self-stacking and intercalation, respectively. SYNOPSIS
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Habib
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000 Bangladesh
| | - Salma Serniabad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000 Bangladesh
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814 Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shamim Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000 Bangladesh
| | - Rokayea Islam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000 Bangladesh
| | - Mrittika Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000 Bangladesh
| | - Aklima Nargis
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000 Bangladesh
| | - Md Emran Quayum
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000 Bangladesh
| | - Md Ashraful Alam
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814 Bangladesh
| | - Valentina rapozzi
- Department of Medicine, Udine University, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Masaaki Tabata
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, 1, Honjo-machi, Saga, 840-8502 Japan
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49
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Bélanger V, Benmoussa A, Napartuk M, Warin A, Laverdière C, Marcoux S, Levy E, Marcil V. The Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Cardiometabolic Health of Children During Cancer Treatment and Potential Impact of Key Nutrients. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:293-318. [PMID: 33386063 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Significance: The 5-year survival rate of childhood cancers is now reaching 84%. However, treatments cause numerous acute and long-term side effects. These include cardiometabolic complications, namely hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and increased fat mass. Recent Advances: Many antineoplastic treatments can induce oxidative stress (OxS) and trigger an inflammatory response, which may cause acute and chronic side effects. Critical Issues: Clinical studies have reported a state of heightened OxS and inflammation during cancer treatment in children as the result of treatment cytotoxic action on both cancerous and noncancerous cells. Higher levels of OxS and inflammation are associated with treatment side effects and with the development of cardiometabolic complications. Key nutrients (omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, dietary antioxidants, probiotics, and prebiotics) have the potential to modulate inflammatory and oxidative responses and, therefore, could be considered in the search for adverse complication prevention means as long as antineoplastic treatment efficiency is maintained. Future Directions: There is a need to better understand the relationship between cardiometabolic complications, OxS, inflammation and diet during pediatric cancer treatment, which represents the ultimate goal of this review. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 293-318.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Bélanger
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Abderrahim Benmoussa
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Mélanie Napartuk
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Alexandre Warin
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Sophie Marcoux
- Department of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Valérie Marcil
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
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50
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Sishc BJ, Ding L, Nam TK, Heer CD, Rodman SN, Schoenfeld JD, Fath MA, Saha D, Pulliam CF, Langen B, Beardsley RA, Riley DP, Keene JL, Spitz DR, Story MD. Avasopasem manganese synergizes with hypofractionated radiation to ablate tumors through the generation of hydrogen peroxide. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/593/eabb3768. [PMID: 33980575 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abb3768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Avasopasem manganese (AVA or GC4419), a selective superoxide dismutase mimetic, is in a phase 3 clinical trial (NCT03689712) as a mitigator of radiation-induced mucositis in head and neck cancer based on its superoxide scavenging activity. We tested whether AVA synergized with radiation via the generation of hydrogen peroxide, the product of superoxide dismutation, to target tumor cells in preclinical xenograft models of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Treatment synergy with AVA and high dose per fraction radiation occurred when mice were given AVA once before tumor irradiation and further increased when AVA was given before and for 4 days after radiation, supporting a role for oxidative metabolism. This synergy was abrogated by conditional overexpression of catalase in the tumors. In addition, in vitro NSCLC and mammary adenocarcinoma models showed that AVA increased intracellular hydrogen peroxide concentrations and buthionine sulfoximine- and auranofin-induced inhibition of glutathione- and thioredoxin-dependent hydrogen peroxide metabolism selectively enhanced AVA-induced killing of cancer cells compared to normal cells. Gene expression in irradiated tumors treated with AVA suggested that increased inflammatory, TNFα, and apoptosis signaling also contributed to treatment synergy. These results support the hypothesis that AVA, although reducing radiotherapy damage to normal tissues, acts synergistically only with high dose per fraction radiation regimens analogous to stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy against tumors by a hydrogen peroxide-dependent mechanism. This tumoricidal synergy is now being tested in a phase I-II clinical trial in humans (NCT03340974).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brock J Sishc
- Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, and Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lianghao Ding
- Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, and Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Taek-Keun Nam
- Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, and Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Collin D Heer
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Samuel N Rodman
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Joshua D Schoenfeld
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Melissa A Fath
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Debabrata Saha
- Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, and Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Casey F Pulliam
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Britta Langen
- Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, and Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Robert A Beardsley
- Galera Therapeutics Inc., 2 West Liberty Blvd., Suite 110, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
| | - Dennis P Riley
- Galera Therapeutics Inc., 2 West Liberty Blvd., Suite 110, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
| | - Jeffery L Keene
- Galera Therapeutics Inc., 2 West Liberty Blvd., Suite 110, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
| | - Douglas R Spitz
- Galera Therapeutics Inc., 2 West Liberty Blvd., Suite 110, Malvern, PA 19355, USA.
| | - Michael D Story
- Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, and Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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