1
|
Ginsenoside Rg3 enhances the radiosensitivity of lung cancer A549 and H1299 cells via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2023; 59:19-30. [PMID: 36790693 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-023-00749-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. Radiation is widely used for the treatment of lung cancer. However, radioresistance and toxicity limit its effectiveness. Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) is a positive monomer extracted from ginseng and has been shown to the anti-cancer ability on many tumors. The aim of the present study was to ascertain whether Rg3 is able to enhance the radiosensitivity of lung cancer cells and investigate the underlying mechanisms. The effect of Rg3 on cell proliferation was examined by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and radiosensitivity was measured by colony formation assay. Flow cytometry, transwell, and wound healing assay were used to determine apoptosis, cell cycle, and metastasis. Western blot was used to detect the main protein levels of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. We found that Rg3 inhibited cell proliferation, promoted apoptosis, and suppressed migration and invasion in radio-induced lung cancer cells. In addition, Rg3 increased the proportion of G2/M phase cells and inhibited the formation of cell colonies. Moreover, Rg3 decreased the expression levels of PI3K, p-AKT, and PDK1 in radio-induced cells. These findings indicate that Rg3 may be able to enhance the radiosensitivity in lung cancer cells by the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. These results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of Rg3 as a radiosensitizer for lung cancer.
Collapse
|
2
|
Tian H, Yan H, Zhang Y, Fu Q, Li C, He J, Li H, Zhou Y, Huang Y, Li R. Knockdown of mitochondrial threonyl-tRNA synthetase 2 inhibits lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. Bioengineered 2022; 13:5190-5204. [PMID: 35184682 PMCID: PMC8974053 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2037368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a significant global burden. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) can be reliably identified by the occurrence and improvement of tumors. Threonyl-tRNA synthetase (TARS) and mitochondrial threonyl-tRNA synthetase 2 (TARS2) are both aaRSs. Many studies have shown that TARS are involved in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. However, TARS2 has not yet been reported in tumors. This study explored the role of TARS2 in the proliferation and apoptosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). TARS2 expression in lung adenocarcinoma and non-cancerous lung tissues was detected via immunohistochemistry. Cell proliferation was detected using MTS, clone formation, and EdU staining assays. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle, mitochondria reactive oxygen species (mROS) production, and apoptosis. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP ΔΨm) was detected using JC-1 fluorescent probes. Cell cycle, apoptosis-related pathway, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) -encoded protein expression was detected via Western blotting. Finally, the effect of TARS2 on tumor growth was examined using a xenotransplanted tumor model in nude mice. We found that TARS2 was highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma tissues and associated with poor overall survival (OS). Mechanistic analysis showed that knockdown of TARS2 inhibited proliferation through the retinoblastoma protein (RB) pathway and promoted mROS-induced apoptosis. Knockdown of TARS2 inhibits tumor growth in a xenotransplanted tumor model. TARS2 plays an important role in LUAD cell proliferation and apoptosis and may be a new therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hao Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiaofen Fu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery Section II, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Juan He
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Division Department of Thoracic Surgery Organization, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Centre for Experimental Studies and Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Youguang Huang
- Department of Yunnan Tumor Research Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, China
| | - Rongqing Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Anti-Tumor Drug Discovery Based on Natural Product β-Elemene: Anti-Tumor Mechanisms and Structural Modification. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061499. [PMID: 33801899 PMCID: PMC7998186 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products are important sources for drug discovery, especially anti-tumor drugs. β-Elemene, the prominent active ingredient extract from the rhizome of Curcuma wenyujin, is a representative natural product with broad anti-tumor activities. The main molecular mechanism of β-elemene is to inhibit tumor growth and proliferation, induce apoptosis, inhibit tumor cell invasion and metastasis, enhance the sensitivity of chemoradiotherapy, regulate the immune system, and reverse multidrug resistance (MDR). Elemene oral emulsion and elemene injection were approved by the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) for the treatment of various cancers and bone metastasis in 1994. However, the lipophilicity and low bioavailability limit its application. To discover better β-elemene-derived anti-tumor drugs with satisfying drug-like properties, researchers have modified its structure under the premise of not damaging the basic scaffold structure. In this review, we comprehensively discuss and summarize the potential anti-tumor mechanisms and the progress of structural modifications of β-elemene.
Collapse
|
4
|
Wen T, Song L, Hua S. Perspectives and controversies regarding the use of natural products for the treatment of lung cancer. Cancer Med 2021; 10:2396-2422. [PMID: 33650320 PMCID: PMC7982634 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related mortality both in men and women and accounts for 18.4% of all cancer‐related deaths. Although advanced therapy methods have been developed, the prognosis of lung cancer patients remains extremely poor. Over the past few decades, clinicians and researchers have found that chemical compounds extracted from natural products may be useful for treating lung cancer. Drug formulations derived from natural compounds, such as paclitaxel, doxorubicin, and camptothecin, have been successfully used as chemotherapeutics for lung cancer. In recent years, hundreds of new natural compounds that can be used to treat lung cancer have been found through basic and sub‐clinical research. However, there has not been a corresponding increase in the number of drugs that have been used in a clinical setting. The probable reasons may include low solubility, limited absorption, unfavorable metabolism, and severe side effects. In this review, we present a summary of the natural compounds that have been proven to be effective for the treatment of lung cancer, as well as an understanding of the mechanisms underlying their pharmacological effects. We have also highlighted current controversies and have attempted to provide solutions for the clinical translation of these compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Lei Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Shucheng Hua
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu W, Hu Z, Zhao Q, Zhang X, Zhang H, Wang H, Xue W, Yu L, Duan G. Down-Regulation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α and Downstream Glucose Transporter Protein-1 Gene by β-elemene Enhancing the Radiosensitivity of Lung Adenocarcinoma Transplanted Tumor. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:11627-11635. [PMID: 33223837 PMCID: PMC7671467 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s275956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To study the effect of β-elemene on the radiosensitivity of A549 cell xenograft tumor and potential mechanisms by which β-elemene regulates the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and glucose transporter protein-1 (GLUT-1). Methods Using an A549 cell transplantation tumor model with male nude mice, we studied the effect of β-elemene on the radiosensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The expression of HIF-1α and GLUT-1 was detected by real-time PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The relationship between the radiosensitivity of β-elemene and the expression of HIF-1α and GLUT-1 was analyzed. Results β-elemene and radiotherapy intervened in the growth of transplanted tumors in varying degrees. The enhancement factor (EF=2.44>1) was calculated; β-elemene at 45 mg/kg had the most significant enhanced effect on radiosensitivity. When β-elemene was used in combination with radiation, the expression of HIF-1α and GLUT-1 was significantly decreased, and there was a positive correlation between the two genes. Conclusion β-elemene exhibits a radiosensitizing effect on A549 cell xenograft tumor. The underlying molecular mechanism is probably associated with the down-regulation of HIF-1α and GLUT-1 expression, suggesting that β-elemene may directly or indirectly inhibit the expression of HIF-1α and GLUT-1. There is a positive significant correlation between expression of HIF-1α and GLUT-1. HIF-1α and downstream GLUT-1 could be used as a new target for the radiosensitization of NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.,Graduate School of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghui Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.,Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingtao Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Huien Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfei Xue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guochen Duan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hebei Children's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lin Y, Zhong H, Sun B, Peng Y, Lu F, Chen M, Zhu M, Huang J. USP22 promotes proliferation in renal cell carcinoma by stabilizing survivin. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:246. [PMID: 32973959 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the commonest urological tumors. The incidence of RCC ranks third among urological tumors, after prostate cancer and bladder tumors. However, the etiology of RCC remains unclear. Ubiquitin-specific protease 22 (USP22), a potential marker of cancer stem cells, is associated with the occurrence and progression of numerous tumors. However, the roles of USP22 in RCC have not yet been investigated. Survivin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptotic protein family involved in RCC progression. The present study first detected the expression of USP22 and survivin in RCC tissues using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. It was revealed that the protein levels of USP22 and survivin in RCC tissues were higher than those in adjacent normal renal tissue. Subsequently, it was demonstrated that USP22 knockdown inhibited the growth of an RCC cell line ACHN and downregulated the protein level of survivin, accompanied by an increased level of cleaved-caspase-3. By contrast, overexpression of USP22 promoted the growth of ACHN cells, upregulated the expression of survivin and decreased the level of cleaved-caspase-3. Notably, the changes in USP22 expression did not affect the SURVIVIN mRNA level. Finally, it was confirmed that USP22 interacted with survivin and stabilized it by downregulating its ubiquitination. The present results indicate that USP22 may regulate survivin via deubiquitination, thereby promoting the proliferation of RCC cells. The results of the current study suggest that USP22 may represent a novel therapeutic target for patients with RCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lin
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Hongbin Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Baicheng Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Yongtiao Peng
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Fuhua Lu
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Miaoxuan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Maoshu Zhu
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Jiyi Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
β-Elemene Inhibits the Proliferation and Migration of Human Glioblastoma Cell Lines via Suppressing Ring Finger Protein 135. Balkan J Med Genet 2020; 23:43-49. [PMID: 32953408 PMCID: PMC7474225 DOI: 10.2478/bjmg-2020-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Elemene is commonly used as an anti-cancer agent in different types of cancers and its effects on glioblastoma have been studied through different pathways. However, its effect through ring finger protein 135 (RNF135, OMIM 611358) (RNF135), which is upregulated in glioblastomas, has not yet been explored. The current study is focused on the effects of β-elemene on human glioblastoma cell lines U251, U118, A172 and U87 through RNF13 5. A cell counting kit-8 assay and wound healing assay have been utilized to test the proliferation and migration of the cells. Western blot and quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to evaluate the level of expression of RNF135. A model of nude mice was used to explore progression of the tumor in vivo. It was observed that increasing treatment time or dose of β-elemene remarkably decreased viability of the cells. The cells that were treated with β-elemene had a much lower speed of moving toward the gap in comparison to untreated cell lines. β-Elemene-treated cells showed a much lower level of expression of RNF135 mRNA than control groups (p <0.05) and the levels of RNF135 protein were lower in the cells treated with β-elemene than in control groups (p <0.05). Moreover, tumor progression in subcutaneous xenograft nude mice was delayed with the injection of β-elemene. Altogether, our findings suggest that β-elemene inhibits proliferation, migration and tumorigenicity of human glioblastoma cells through suppressing RNF135.
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhou Y, Liu Y, Chen J, Sun YZ, Li LH, Chen L. Inhibition of β-elemene on the expressions of HIF-lα, VEGF and iNOS in diabetic rats model. Int J Ophthalmol 2019; 12:1693-1698. [PMID: 31741856 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2019.11.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of β-elemene on the expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-lα, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in a streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model. METHODS SD rats were administered an abdominal injection of STZ and induced to a diabetic model. After 6wk course of diabetes, the treatment groups were given β-elemene through periocular and intravitreous injection separately and the control groups were given blank emulsion injection. HE staining was used to observe the morphology of retina. The mRNA expressions of HIF-1α, VEGF and iNOS was assayed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the protein expression was measured by Western blot and immunocytochemistry methods. RESULTS The results indicated that the protein and mRNA expressions of HIF-1α, VEGF and iNOS after treated by β-elemene periocularly and intravitreally injections were all found to be reduced compared with the levels in the diabetic rats group (P<0.05). The inhibitory effect of intravitreal injection was more remarkable. CONCLUSION The results show β-elemene protect the retina of diabetic rats from high glucose damage by downregulating the expression of HIF-1α, VEGF and iNOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yi-Zhou Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Li-Hua Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhu J, Li B, Ji Y, Zhu L, Zhu Y, Zhao H. β‑elemene inhibits the generation of peritoneum effusion in pancreatic cancer via suppression of the HIF1A‑VEGFA pathway based on network pharmacology. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:2561-2571. [PMID: 31638231 PMCID: PMC6826333 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal types of cancer. Late-stage pancreatic cancer patients usually suffer peritoneum effusion, which severely compromises quality of life. Great efforts have been made concerning the treatment of peritoneum effusion, including treatment with β-elemene. Although peritoneal perfusion of β-elemene attenuates the progression of malignant effusion without severe adverse effects in the clinic, the underlying molecular mechanism underlying the activity of β-elemene against peritoneum effusion remains unclear. In the present study, a network pharmacology approach was undertaken to explore the mechanism of β-elemene against peritoneum effusion. Particularly, the networks of β-elemene and pancreatic cancer target genes were constructed based on the BATMAN-TCM and DigSee databases, respectively. Thirty-three genes, including hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit α (HIF1A), were discovered in both networks. A potential interaction of β-elemene with HIF1A was revealed by molecular docking simulation and co-expression analysis of pancreatic cancer datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Additionally, experimental validation by MTT assay demonstrated that β-elemene suppressed proliferation of PANC-1 and BxPC3 cells and cells from peritoneum effusion in patients with pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, the protein expression levels of HIF1A and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), as detected by western blotting, were reduced by β-elemene. Overall, this study proposes a potential molecular mechanism illustrating that β-elemene can block the HIF1A/VEGFA pathway, thereby inhibiting the generation of peritoneum effusion in pancreatic cancer based on network pharmacology analysis, and further highlights the importance of targeting the HIF1A/VEGF pathway as a therapeutic approach to treat peritoneum effusion in patients with pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junqiu Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Yongsuo Ji
- Department of Oncology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Linglin Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Yanfei Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tong H, Liu Y, Jiang L, Wang J. Multi-Targeting by β-Elemene and Its Anticancer Properties: A Good Choice for Oncotherapy and Radiochemotherapy Sensitization. Nutr Cancer 2019; 72:554-567. [PMID: 31387393 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1648694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have focused on chemical agents, tailored from natural edible products, used to prevent and treat various diseases. β-elemene is a well-known compound derived from Curcuma wenyujin that possesses a wide spectrum of anticancer properties under preclinical and clinical conditions. Several studies have demonstrated its inhibitory effect both in humans and animals with cancers. Numerous in vivo and in vitro experimental models have revealed that β-elemene can modulate multiple molecular pathways involved in carcinogenesis. In general, (1) β-elemene itself can inhibit and kill tumor cells through a variety of mechanisms, and (2) can synergistically enhance the effect of radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, (3) also can regulate autoimmune in the treatment of tumors. In this article, we critically focused on the available scientific evidence discussing the use of β-elemene in cancer prevention, and its molecular targets and mechanisms of action in different types of cancer. In addition, we have discussed its sources, chemistry, bioavailability, and future research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxuan Tong
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yihua Liu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lijie Jiang
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingshang Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Balavandi Z, Neshasteh-Riz A, Koosha F, Eynali S, Hoormand M, Shahidi M. The Use of ß-Elemene to Enhance Radio Sensitization of A375 Human Melanoma Cells. CELL JOURNAL 2019; 21:419-425. [PMID: 31376323 PMCID: PMC6722453 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2020.6326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective Melanoma is the most malignant and severe type of skin cancer. It is a tumor with a high risk of metastasis
and resistant to conventional treatment methods (surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy). β-elemene is the most
active constituent of Curcuma wenyujin which is a non-cytotoxic antitumor drug, proved to be effective in different types
of cancers. The study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of β-elemene in combination with radiotherapy on
A375 human melanoma.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, human melanoma cells were grown in the monolayer culture
model. The procedure of the treatment was performed by the addition of different concentrations of β-elemene to the
cells. Then, the cells were exposed to 2 and 4 Gy X-ray in different incubation times (24, 48, and 72 hours). The MTT
assay was used for the determination of the cell viability. To study the rate of apoptosis response to treatments, the
Annexin V/PI assay was carried out.
Results The results of the MTT assay showed β-elemene reduced the cell proliferation in dose- and time-dependent
manners in cells exposed to radiation. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that β-elemene was effective in the induction
of apoptosis. Furthermore, the combination treatment with radiation remarkably decreased the cells proliferation ability
and also enhanced apoptosis. For example, cell viability in a group exposed to 40 µg/ml of β-elemene was 80%, but
combination treatment with 6 MV X beam at a dose of 2 Gy reduced the viability to 61%.
Conclusion Our results showed that β-elemene reduced the proliferation of human melanoma cancer cell through apoptosis.
Also, the results demonstrated that the radio sensitivity of A375 cell line was significantly enhanced by β-elemene. The findings
of this study indicated the efficiency of β-elemene in treating melanoma cells and the necessity for further research in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Balavandi
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Radiation Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Neshasteh-Riz
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Radiation Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Electronic Address:
| | - Fereshteh Koosha
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Eynali
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Hoormand
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Minoo Shahidi
- Department of Hematology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Molecular targets of β-elemene, a herbal extract used in traditional Chinese medicine, and its potential role in cancer therapy: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 114:108812. [PMID: 30965237 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Elemene is a sesquiterpene compound extracted from the herb Curcuma Rhizoma and is used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat several types of cancer, with no reported severe adverse effects. Recent studies, using in vitro and in vivo studies combined with molecular methods, have shown that β-elemene can inhibit cell proliferation, arrest the cell cycle, and induce cell apoptosis. Recent studies have identified the molecular targets of β-elemene that may have a role in cancer therapy. This review aims to discuss the anticancer potential of β-elemene through its actions on several molecular targets including kinase enzymes, transcription factors, growth factors and their receptors, and proteins. β-Elemene also regulates the expression of several key molecules that are involved in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin. Also, β-elemene has been shown to have regulatory effects on the immune response and increases the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemoradiotherapy and has shown effects on multidrug resistance (MDR) in malignancy. Recent studies have shown that β-elemene can induce autophagy, which prevents cancer cells from undergoing apoptosis. Therefore, the molecular mechanisms for the treatment effects on cancer of the herbal extract, β-elemene, which has been used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine, are now being studied and identified.
Collapse
|
13
|
Bouyahya A, Abrini J, Bakri Y, Dakka N. Les huiles essentielles comme agents anticancéreux : actualité sur le mode d’action. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3166/s10298-016-1058-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Le cancer est une maladie complexe qui présente un réel problème de santé publique à travers le monde et cause statiquement sept millions de décès chaque année. Au cours des dernières décennies, la thérapie anticancéreuse a connu un réel bouleversement et un foisonnement de découvertes fondamentales. Plusieurs études accumulatives ont révélé l’activité antitumorale des substances naturelles isolées à partir de plantes. Les huiles essentielles (HE) et leurs constituants ont montré des activités anticancéreuses puissantes in vitro et in vivo. Cependant, les mécanismes d’action sont encore peu étudiés et moins connus. Par ailleurs, leur application dans l’industrie pharmaceutique nécessite une spécificité– sélectivité pharmacodynamique absolue. Dans le présent travail, nous présentons une synthèse des travaux réalisés sur les mécanismes d’actions anticancéreuses des HE et leurs composés bioactifs.
Collapse
|
14
|
Prasad S, Tyagi AK, Siddik ZH, Aggarwal BB. Curcumin-Free Turmeric Exhibits Activity against Human HCT-116 Colon Tumor Xenograft: Comparison with Curcumin and Whole Turmeric. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:871. [PMID: 29311914 PMCID: PMC5732987 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive research within last two decades has indicated that curcumin extracted from turmeric (Curcuma longa), exhibits anticancer potential, in part through the modulation of inflammatory pathways. However, the residual antitumor activity of curcumin-free turmeric (CFT) relative to curcumin or turmeric is not well-understood. In the present study, therefore, we determined activities of these agents in both in vitro and in vivo models of human HCT-116 colorectal cancer (CRC). When examined in an in vitro antiproliferative, clonogenic or anti-inflammatory assay system, we found that curcumin was highly active whereas turmeric and CFT had relatively poor activity against CRC cells. However, when examined in vivo at an oral dose of either 100 or 500 mg/kg given to nude mice bearing CRC xenografts, all three preparations of curcumin, turmeric, and CFT similarly suppressed the growth of the xenograft. The effect of CFT on suppression of tumor growth was dose-dependent, with 500 mg/kg tending to be more effective than 100 mg/kg. Interestingly, 100 mg/kg curcumin or turmeric was found to be more effective than 500 mg/kg. When examined in vivo for the expression of biomarkers associated with cell survival (cIAP-1, Bcl-2, and survivin), proliferation (Ki-67 and cyclin D1) and metastasis (ICAM-1 and VEGF), all were down-modulated. These agents also suppressed inflammatory transcription factors (NF-κB and STAT3) in tumor cells. Overall, our results with CFT provide evidence that turmeric must contain additional bioactive compounds other than curcumin that, in contrast to curcumin, exhibit greater anticancer potential in vivo than in vitro against human CRC. Moreover, our study highlights the fact that the beneficial effects of turmeric and curcumin in humans may be more effectively realized at lower doses, whereas CFT could be given at higher doses without loss in favorable activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahdeo Prasad
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX, United States
| | - Amit K Tyagi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX, United States
| | - Zahid H Siddik
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX, United States
| | - Bharat B Aggarwal
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chang Z, Gao M, Zhang W, Song L, Jia Y, Qin Y. Beta-elemene treatment is associated with improved outcomes of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Surg Oncol 2017; 26:333-337. [PMID: 29113648 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the therapeutic effects of concurrent preoperative β-elemene treatment in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who received concurrent chemoradiotherpay followed by surgery. METHOD The clinicopathological parameters and outcomes of 102 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were studied and compared between patients treated with and without β-elemene. RESULTS β-elemene treatment could prolong the overall survival and progression-free survival. The 3-year overall survival rate was also increased by β-elemene treatment. β-elemene treatment was an independent prognostic factor for both overall survival and progression-free survival. Occurrence of toxicities associated with chemoradiotherapy was decreased by β-elemene treatment. CONCLUSIONS Findings in this study suggested that β-elemene treatment provided survival benefits and reduced chemoradiotherapy-associated toxicities in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Chang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijie Song
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxu Jia
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanru Qin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Catalani S, Palma F, Battistelli S, Benedetti S. Oxidative stress and apoptosis induction in human thyroid carcinoma cells exposed to the essential oil from Pistacia lentiscus aerial parts. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172138. [PMID: 28196126 PMCID: PMC5308852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Essential oils from the aerial parts (leaves, twigs and berries) of Pistacia lentiscus (PLEO) have been well characterized for their antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties; however, poor information exists on their potential anticancer activity. Methods Increasing concentrations of PLEO (0.01–0.1% v/v, 80–800 μg/ml) were administered to a wide variety of cultured cancer cells from breast, cervix, colon, liver, lung, prostate, and thyroid carcinomas. Fibroblasts were also included as healthy control cells. Cell viability was monitored by WST-8 assay up to 72 hours after PLEO administration. The intracellular formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the induction of apoptosis, and the enhancement of chemotherapeutic drug cytotoxicity by PLEO were further investigated in the most responsive cancer cell line. Results A dose-dependent reduction of tumor cell viability was observed upon PLEO exposure; while no cytotoxic effect was revealed in healthy fibroblasts. FTC-133 thyroid cancer cells were found to be the most sensitive cells to PLEO treatment; accordingly, an intracellular accumulation of ROS and an activation of both the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways were evidenced in FTC-133 cells after PLEO administration. Furthermore, the cytotoxic effect of the antineoplastic drugs cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil and etoposide was enhanced in PLEO-exposed FTC-133 cells. Conclusion Taking into account its mode of action, PLEO might be considered as a promising source of natural antitumor agents which might have therapeutic potential in integrated oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Catalani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Urbino, Italy
| | - Francesco Palma
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Urbino, Italy
| | - Serafina Battistelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Urbino, Italy
| | - Serena Benedetti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Urbino, Italy
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Feng H, Wang J, Jiang H, Mei X, Zhao Y, Chen F, Qu Y, Sai K, Guo C, Yang Q, Zhang Z, Chen Z. β-Elemene Selectively Inhibits the Proliferation of Glioma Stem-Like Cells Through the Downregulation of Notch1. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 6:830-839. [PMID: 28297578 PMCID: PMC5442766 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2016-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most frequent primary central nervous system tumor. Although the current first-line medicine, temozolomide (TMZ), promotes patient survival, drug resistance develops easily. Thus, it is important to investigate novel therapeutic reagents to solidify the treatment effect. β-Elemene (bELE) is a compound from a Chinese herb whose anticancer effect has been shown in various types of cancer. However, its role in the inhibition of glioma stem-like cells (GSLCs) has not yet been reported. We studied both the in vitro and the in vivo inhibitory effect of bELE and TMZ in GSLCs and parental cells and their combined effects. The molecular mechanisms were also investigated. We also optimized the delivery methods of bELE. We found that bELE selectively inhibits the proliferation and sphere formation of GSLCs, other than parental glioma cells, and TMZ exerts its effects on parental cells instead of GSLCs. The in vivo data confirmed that the combination of bELE and TMZ worked better in the xenografts of GSLCs, mimicking the situation of tumorigenesis of human cancer. Notch1 was downregulated with bELE treatment. Our data also demonstrated that the continuous administration of bELE produces an ideal effect to control tumor progression. Our findings have demonstrated, for the first time, that bELE could compensate for TMZ to kill both GSLCs and nonstem-like cancer cells, probably improving the prognosis of glioma patients tremendously. Notch1 might be a downstream target of bELE. Therefore, our data shed light on improving the outcomes of glioma patients by combining bELE and TMZ. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:830-839.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai‐bin Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro‐Oncology, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nongken Central Hospital of Guangdong, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro‐Oncology, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao‐ran Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro‐Oncology, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huizhou First People's Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Mei
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro‐Oncology, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi‐ying Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro‐Oncology, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fu‐rong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro‐Oncology, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro‐Oncology, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Sai
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro‐Oncology, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng‐cheng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro‐Oncology, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qun‐ying Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro‐Oncology, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zong‐ping Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nongken Central Hospital of Guangdong, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong‐ping Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro‐Oncology, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sun YN, Zhang ZY, Zeng YC, Chi F, Jin XY, Wu R. Comparative efficacy of whole-brain radiotherapy with and without elemene liposomes in patients with multiple brain metastases from non-small-cell lung carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 23:e377-82. [PMID: 27536187 DOI: 10.3747/co.23.3183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We explored and compared the clinical effects of whole-brain radiotherapy (wbrt) with and without elemene liposomes in patients with multiple brain metastases from non-small-cell lung carcinoma (nsclc). METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 62 patients with multiple brain metastases from nsclc who received wbrt (30 Gy in 10 fractions) at Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from January 2012 to May 2013. In 30 patients, elemene liposomes (400 mg) were injected intravenously via a peripherally inserted central catheter for 21 consecutive days from the first day of radiotherapy. Overall survival (os) and nervous system progression-free survival (npfs) for the two groups were compared by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Factors influencing npfs were examined by Cox regression analysis. Chi-square or Fisher exact tests were used for group comparisons. RESULTS The median os was 9.0 months in the wbrt plus elemene group and 7.8 months in the wbrt-alone group (p = 0.581); the equivalent median npfs durations were 5.2 months and 3.7 months (p = 0.005). Patient treatment plan was an independent factor associated with npfs (p = 0.002). Tumour response and disease-control rates in the wbrt plus elemene group were 26.67% and 76.67% respectively; they were 18.75% and 62.5% in the wbrt group (p = 0.452). Compared with the patients in the wbrt-alone group, significantly fewer patients in the wbrt plus elemene group developed headaches (p = 0.04); quality of life was also significantly higher in the wbrt plus elemene group both at 1 month and at 2 months (p = 0.021 and p = 0.001 respectively). CONCLUSIONS The addition of elemene liposomes to wbrt might prolong npfs in patients with multiple brain metastases from nsclc, while also reducing the incidence of headache and improving patient quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y N Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R.C
| | - Z Y Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R.C
| | - Y C Zeng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R.C
| | - F Chi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R.C
| | - X Y Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R.C
| | - R Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R.C
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zou K, Liu C, Zhang Z, Zou L. The effect of elemene on lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell radiosensitivity and elucidation of its mechanism. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2015; 70:556-62. [PMID: 26247668 PMCID: PMC4518768 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2015(08)05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of elemene on the radiosensitivity of A549 cells and its possible molecular mechanism. METHODS Apoptosis of A549 cells was detected by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. The effect of double-strand break (DSB) damage repair in A549 cells was evaluated using the neutral comet assay. Protein expression levels were detected using western blotting, and the correlation between protein levels was analyzed. RESULTS Elemene exhibited a radiosensitizing effect on A549 cells. The level of apoptosis induced by elemene combined with radiation was significantly greater (p<0.01) than that elicited by either radiation or elemene alone. Following radiation and subsequent repair for 24 h, the tail intensity of A549 cells treated with a combination of elemene and radiation was greater than that of cells treated with either elemene or radiation alone (p<0.01). This result indicates that elemene inhibits cellular DSB repair. Both elemene combined with radiation and radiation alone decreased the protein expression of DNA-PKcs and Bcl-2 compared to elemene alone (p<0.01), while p53 protein expression was increased (p<0.01). A negative correlation was observed between DNA-PKcs and p53 expression (r=-0.569, p=0.040), while a positive correlation was found between DNA-PKcs and Bcl-2 expression (r=0.755, p=0.012). CONCLUSIONS Elemene exhibits a radiosensitizing effect on A549 cells, and its underlying molecular mechanism of action may be related to the downregulation of DNA-PKcs gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zou
- 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Radiotherapy Department, Dalian/Liaoning, China
| | - Caigang Liu
- 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Radiotherapy Department, Dalian/Liaoning, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Radiotherapy Department, Dalian/Liaoning, China
- *Corresponding author: E-mail: ,
| | - Lijuan Zou
- 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Radiotherapy Department, Dalian/Liaoning, China
- *Corresponding author: E-mail: ,
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liao SH, Liu WZ, Liu T, Sun Y, Feng X, Zhou HF. Potential signaling pathway of hypoxia-inducible factor in lung cancer and its gene polymorphism with lung cancer risk. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2015; 35:233-7. [DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2015.1041648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
21
|
Li G, Xie B, Li X, Chen Y, Xu Y, Xu-Welliver M, Zou L. Downregulation of peroxiredoxin-1 by β-elemene enhances the radiosensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma xenografts. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:1427-33. [PMID: 25607351 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
β-elemene, the active component of elemene (1-methyl-1-vinyl-2,4-diisopropenyl-cyclohexane), is a naturally occurring compound isolated from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Curcuma wenyujin. Studies have confirmed that β-elemene enhances the radiosensitivity of lung cancer cell lines such as A549, by multiple pathways; however, their underlying mechanisms and pathways are yet to be elucidated. In the present study, two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry were used to profile the different proteins in A549 cell xenograft models of both treatment groups. The protein/mRNA expression was assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting techniques in tumor samples from all treatment groups. As a critical player in redox regulation of cancer cells, inhibition of peroxiredoxin-1 (Prx-1) may be an effective option for enhancing the tumor response to radiation. We further verified Prx-1 expression at the transcription and translation levels. β-elemene at a dose of 45 mg/kg had little effect on the Prx-1 protein expression, which was correlated with a moderate antitumor effect. However, a 45 mg/kg dose of β-elemene significantly inhibited the Prx-1 mRNA expression, thereby suggesting a possible influence on the transcriptional process, and radiation significantly increased the Prx-1 mRNA/protein expression compared to the control group (p<0.01). Notably, Prx-1 mRNA/protein expression was significantly lower in the β-elemene/radiation co-treatment group compared to the baseline levels in the control group (p<0.01). These results suggest that radiation-induced Prx-1 expression is directly or indirectly suppressed by β-elemene, thus suggesting a new pathway by which to reverse radioresistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoquan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Bingbing Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Radiation Oncology Center, People's Liberation Army No. 323 Hospital, Xi'an, Shanxi 710000, P.R. China
| | - Yinghai Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Yinghui Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Meng Xu-Welliver
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1219, USA
| | - Lijuan Zou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zou K, Tong E, Xu Y, Deng X, Zou L. Down regulation of mammalian target of rapamycin decreases HIF-1α and survivin expression in anoxic lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell to elemene and/or irradiation. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:9735-41. [PMID: 24972968 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2226-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is associated with gene transcription, protein translation and initiation, the synthesis of ribosomes, and apoptosis. The down regulation of mTOR induces apoptosis in malignant tumor cells. Elemene, a sesquiterpene from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Curcuma wenyujin, is active against a wide range of tumor types. In the present study, decreasing the expression of mTOR with mTOR small interfering RNA (siRNA) increased the toxicity of elemene and irradiation against hypoxic lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. The results showed that transfecting mTOR siRNA into A549 cells significantly decreased the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and survivin. Compared to control cells, cells transfected with mTOR siRNA that were hypoxic exhibited increased apoptosis. Overall, the expression of HIF-1α and survivin proteins decreased following treatment with elemene and irradiation and after transfection with mTOR siRNA. Apoptosis was higher in transfected than in untransfected cells treated with elemene and/or irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zou
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhong Shan Road, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Multhoff G, Radons J, Vaupel P. Critical role of aberrant angiogenesis in the development of tumor hypoxia and associated radioresistance. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:813-28. [PMID: 24717239 PMCID: PMC4074805 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6020813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly formed microvessels in most solid tumors show an abnormal morphology and thus do not fulfil the metabolic demands of the growing tumor mass. Due to the chaotic and heterogeneous tumor microcirculation, a hostile tumor microenvironment develops, that is characterized inter alia by local hypoxia, which in turn can stimulate the HIF-system. The latter can lead to tumor progression and may be involved in hypoxia-mediated radioresistance of tumor cells. Herein, cellular and molecular mechanisms in tumor angiogenesis are discussed that, among others, might impact hypoxia-related radioresistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Multhoff
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Radons
- GmbH, Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany.
| | - Peter Vaupel
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Aggarwal BB, Yuan W, Li S, Gupta SC. Curcumin-free turmeric exhibits anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities: Identification of novel components of turmeric. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:1529-42. [PMID: 23847105 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Turmeric, a dried powder derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa, has been used for centuries in certain parts of the world and has been linked to numerous biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antigrowth, anti-arthritic, anti-atherosclerotic, antidepressant, anti-aging, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, wound healing, and memory-enhancing activities. One component of turmeric is curcumin, which has been extensively studied, as indicated by more than 5600 citations, most of which have appeared within the past decade. Recent research has identified numerous chemical entities from turmeric other than curcumin. It is unclear whether all of the activities ascribed to turmeric are due to curcumin or whether other compounds in turmeric can manifest these activities uniquely, additively, or synergistically with curcumin. However, studies have indicated that turmeric oil, present in turmeric, can enhance the bioavailability of curcumin. Studies over the past decade have indicated that curcumin-free turmeric (CFT) components possess numerous biological activities including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antidiabetic activities. Elemene derived from turmeric is approved in China for the treatment of cancer. The current review focuses on the anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities exhibited by CFT and by some individual components of turmeric, including turmerin, turmerone, elemene, furanodiene, curdione, bisacurone, cyclocurcumin, calebin A, and germacrone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bharat B Aggarwal
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
β -Elemene-Attenuated Tumor Angiogenesis by Targeting Notch-1 in Gastric Cancer Stem-Like Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:268468. [PMID: 23710217 PMCID: PMC3655606 DOI: 10.1155/2013/268468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that cancer stem cells are involved in tumor angiogenesis. The Notch signaling pathway is one of the most important regulators of these processes. β-Elemene, a naturally occurring compound extracted from Curcumae Radix, has been used as an antitumor drug for various cancers in China. However, its underlying mechanism in the treatment of gastric cancer remains largely unknown. Here, we report that CD44+ gastric cancer stem-like cells (GCSCs) showed enhanced proliferation capacity compared to their CD44− counterparts, and this proliferation was accompanied by the high expression of Notch-1 (in vitro). These cells were also more superior in spheroid colony formation (in vitro) and tumorigenicity (in vivo) and positively associated with microvessel density (in vivo). β-Elemene was demonstrated to effectively inhibit the viability of GCSCs in a dose-dependent manner, most likely by suppressing Notch-1 (in vitro). β-Elemene also contributed to growth suppression and attenuated the angiogenesis capacity of these cells (in vivo) most likely by interfering with the expression of Notch-1 but not with Dll4. Our findings indicated that GCSCs play an important role in tumor angiogenesis, and Notch-1 is one of the most likely mediators involved in these processes. β-Elemene was effective at attenuating angiogenesis by targeting the GCSCs, which could be regarded as a potential mechanism for its efficacy in gastric cancer management in the future.
Collapse
|
26
|
Anti-Lung-Cancer Activity and Liposome-Based Delivery Systems of β-Elemene. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:259523. [PMID: 23243436 PMCID: PMC3518971 DOI: 10.1155/2012/259523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, β-elemene played an important role in enhancing the effects of many anticancer drugs and was widely used in the treatment of different kinds of malignancies and in reducing the side effects of chemotherapy. Further study showed that it is also a promising anti-lung cancer drug. However, the clinical application of β-elemene was limited by its hydrophobic property, poor stability, and low bioavailability. With the development of new excipients and novel technologies, plenty of novel formulations of β-elemene have improved dramatically, which provide a positive perspective in terms of clinical application for β-elemene. Liposome as a drug delivery system shows great advantages over traditional formulations for β-elemene. In this paper, we summarize the advanced progress being made in anti-lung cancer activity and the new liposomes delivery systems of β-elemene. This advancement is expected to improve the level of pharmacy research and provide a stronger scientific foundation for further study on β-elemene.
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang B, Zhang X, Tang B, Zheng P, Zhang Y. Investigation of elemene-induced reversal of tamoxifen resistance in MCF-7 cells through oestrogen receptor α (ERα) re-expression. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 136:399-406. [PMID: 23053650 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-012-2263-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine therapy is an important therapeutic approach for the treatment of oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. However, a number of these endocrine therapies can fail when the tumour loses its ER expression during treatment. To date, few studies have explored the potential clinical significance of traditional Chinese medicine in inducing the reversal of resistance to endocrine therapy in breast cancers. We used the ERα-negative MCF7 breast cancer cell line to create a tamoxifen (TAM)-resistant cell line, MCF7/TAM cells. After treating MCF7/TAM cells with ELE to induce the re-expression of ERα, we investigated the role and molecular mechanisms by which elemene (ELE) promotes the reversal of resistance to endocrine therapy. We discovered that treatment with 10 μg/ml ELE restored the sensitivity of MCF7/TAM cells to TAM. RT-PCR analysis revealed that ELE treatment upregulated ERα mRNA levels in MCF7/TAM cells, and immunohistochemistry confirmed the upregulation of ERα expression. Western blot analysis revealed that ELE treatment decreased the protein expression levels of Ras, MEK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 in MCF7/TAM cells. The loss of ERα expression was the primary reason for TAM resistance in MCF7 cells. The ELE-induced reversal of TAM resistance was mediated by the upregulation of ERα mRNA and the re-expression of ERα through the MAPK pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Effect of shRNA targeting survivin on ovarian cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2012; 138:1221-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-012-1196-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|