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Korbelik M, Banáth J, Zhang W, Hode T, Lam SSK, Gallagher P, Zhao J, Zeng H, Chen WR. N-dihydrogalactochitosan-supported tumor control by photothermal therapy and photothermal therapy-generated vaccine. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 204:111780. [PMID: 31981988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) is recently clinically established cancer therapy that uses near-infrared light for thermal ablation of solid tumors. The biopolymer N-dihydrogalactochitosan (GC) was shown in multiple reports to act as a very effective adjunct to tumor PTT. In the present study, mouse tumor model SCCVII (squamous cell carcinoma) was used with two protocols, in situ tumor PTT and therapeutic PTT vaccine for tumors, for investigating the effects of GC. The results reveal that GC can potentiate tumoricidal action of PTT through both direct and indirect mechanisms. In addition to previously known capacity of GC for activating immune effector cells, the indirect means is shown to include reducing the populations of immunoregulatory T cells (Tregs) in PTT-treated tumors. Testing the effects of GC on PTT-treated SCCVII tumor cells in vitro uncovered the existence of a direct mechanism evident by reduced colony survival of these cells. Fluorescence microscopy demonstrated increased binding of fluorescein-labeled GC to PTT-treated compared to untreated SCCVII cells that can be blocked by pre-exposure to annexin V. The results of additional in vitro testing with specific inhibitors demonstrate that these direct mechanisms do not involve the engagement of death surface receptors that trigger extrinsic apoptosis pathway signaling but may be linked to pro-survival activity of caspase-1. Based on the latter, it can be suggested that GC-promoted killing of PTT-treated cells stems from interference of GC bound to damaged membrane components with the repair of these structures that consequently hinders cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mladen Korbelik
- Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Judit Banáth
- Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wei Zhang
- Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tomas Hode
- Immunophotonics Inc., St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Samuel S K Lam
- Immunophotonics Inc., St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Paul Gallagher
- Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Haishan Zeng
- Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wei R Chen
- Biophotonics Research Laboratory, College of Mathematics and Science, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK, United States of America
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Morrison PR, Jolesz FA, Charous D, Mulkern RV, Hushek SG, Margolis R, Fried MP. MRI of laser-induced interstitial thermal injury in an in vivo animal liver model with histologic correlation. J Magn Reson Imaging 1998; 8:57-63. [PMID: 9500261 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.1880080114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Laser-induced interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a preferred method of minimally invasive therapy. MRI is a noninvasive method by which to monitor the thermal effects of LITT. To properly control such effects, changes in MRI parameters during and after LITT should be correlated with changes in the tissue. T1-weighted fast spin echo (FSE) MRI (1 image/10 seconds) at 1.5 T monitored LITT in vivo in rabbit liver (n = 6) using an interstitial bare delivery fiber (600-microm diameter; 3.0 W; 1,064 nm; 150 seconds). During laser irradiation, MRI signal intensity decreased around the fiber tip; after irradiation, this hypointensity proved reversible and permanent lesions were evident. The lesions had hyperintense margins that were brighter than surrounding normal tissue (P < .001); the tissue in these bright regions was mapped to tissue necrosis characterized by the presence of thermally damaged ghost red blood cells amid generally normal hepatocytes. T1-FSE identified the spatial extent of the LITT lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Morrison
- Department of Surgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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