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Mao P, Cai Z, Chen B, Sun X. The association between problematic internet use and burnout: A three-level meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2024; 352:321-332. [PMID: 38302068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burnout has received considerable attention in recent years because of the adverse consequences for people. Theoretical perspectives propose that problematic internet use is a significant potential risk for burnout. Despite a plethora of studies showing a positive association between problematic internet use and burnout, there remains a contentious debate regarding the extent and direction of this association. METHODS This study aims to perform a three-level meta-analysis to evaluate the strength of the relationship between problematic internet use and burnout through a quantitative synthesis of eligible studies published until April 2023. RESULTS A total of 42 studies with 54,121 participants and 103 effect sizes were identified. The results indicated a positive, moderate, and significant association between problematic internet use and burnout. Furthermore, the subgroup analysis found that this association was moderated by population, dimension of burnout, and the measure of burnout, however, some study features (i.e., region, type of problematic internet use, gender, and publication year) could not explain the heterogeneity across individual studies. LIMITATIONS Studies included in the current meta-analysis mainly used cross-sectional designs, which limited the potential to make inferences on the causal relationship between problematic internet use and burnout. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with problematic internet use have exhibited higher levels of burnout. Overall, these findings develop a deeper understanding of this association between problematic internet use and burnout and have implications for the direction of future research and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Mao
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zhihui Cai
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Bizhong Chen
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xiaojun Sun
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China; Beijing Normal University Collaboration Innovation Center, Central China Normal University Branch, Wuhan 430079, China.
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Baek SU, Lee WT, Kim MS, Lim MH, Yoon JH, Won JU. Association between job satisfaction and current smoking and change in smoking behavior: a 16-year longitudinal study in South Korea. Addiction 2023; 118:2118-2127. [PMID: 37465920 DOI: 10.1111/add.16293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Previous studies have found that job satisfaction is closely associated with various health outcomes of workers. Our study measured the association between job satisfaction and current smoking and change in smoking behavior. DESIGN Data from the longitudinal Korea Labor and Income Panel Study (KLIPS) that consist of nationally representative samples were used. The repeated measures analysis was conducted. SETTING South Korea, 2005-2021. PARTICIPANTS In total, 21 154 workers in Korea followed from 2005 to 2021 (145 120 observations) were included as study participants. MEASUREMENTS The main predictor variable, job satisfaction, was assessed using a five-item general job satisfaction questionnaire. Job satisfaction was classified into 'dissatisfied', 'neutral' and 'satisfied', according to the tertiles of the sum of scores. The outcomes of interest were current smoking and initiation and cessation of smoking in the subsequent year. FINDINGS Compared with those with a neutral level of job satisfaction, those who reported dissatisfaction with their job had an increased risk of smoking initiation [odds ratio (OR) = 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01-1.22)]. Workers satisfied with their jobs were associated with a decreased likelihood of current smoking (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.94-0.98) and smoking initiation (OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.81-0.99). There was a positive relationship between cumulative years of job dissatisfaction and smoking risk: > 4 years of experiencing job dissatisfaction was positively related to current smoking (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.06-1.24) and smoking initiation (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.00-1.49) and negatively related to smoking cessation (OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.72-0.99). CONCLUSIONS In Korea, job dissatisfaction appears to be associated with an increased risk of smoking initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Uk Baek
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won-Tae Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myeong-Hun Lim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Ha Yoon
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Uk Won
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Luo A, Kong W, He H, Li Y, Xie W. Status and Influencing Factors of Social Media Addiction in Chinese Medical Care Professionals: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Front Psychol 2022; 13:888714. [PMID: 35572263 PMCID: PMC9097152 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.888714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In modern society, social media addiction (SMA) has become a serious problem in many countries, including China. Almost every medical care professional has their own social media account. They are also at risk for SMA, but no SMA studies in Chinese medical care professionals have been published. This study aims to investigate the status and influencing factors of SMA among Chinese medical care professionals. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 519 physicians and nurses from two randomly selected hospitals using a questionnaire that included the Social Networking Service Addiction Scale (SNSAS), Maslach's Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS), the General Self-efficacy Scale (GSES), and eight demographic datasets. Results This study's findings showed that most of the participants' (357,68.79%) scores reached 2.5 points (half of the highest possible score), indicating that SMA scores of Chinese medical care professionals were relatively high. Significant differences in SMA scores by age (p < 0.01), marital status (p < 0.01), professional title (p < 0.01), and working years (p < 0.01) were found. Income satisfaction (p < 0.01) and sleep quality (p < 0.05) were negatively correlated with SMA. The GSES score was not correlated with SMA (p = 0.377). Burnout significantly positively affected SMA (p < 0.01). Conclusion Our study found that the SMA scores of Chinese medical care professionals were relatively high. To reduce the SMA level of the medical care population, we should first start with reducing burnout, enabling medical care professionals to achieve sufficient sleep, increasing medical staff income, and providing more opportunities for promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medical Information Research, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Intelligent Healthcare, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Information Research (Central South University), College of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weitao Kong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Information Research, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Information Research (Central South University), College of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haiyan He
- Key Laboratory of Medical Information Research, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Information Research (Central South University), College of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Geratology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenzhao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medical Information Research, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Information Research (Central South University), College of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Cao H, Zhang K, Ye D, Cai Y, Cao B, Chen Y, Hu T, Chen D, Li L, Wu S, Zou H, Wang Z, Yang X. Relationships Between Job Stress, Psychological Adaptation and Internet Gaming Disorder Among Migrant Factory Workers in China: The Mediation Role of Negative Affective States. Front Psychol 2022; 13:837996. [PMID: 35391955 PMCID: PMC8982757 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.837996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Factory workers make up a large proportion of China's internal migrants and may be highly susceptible to job and adaptation stress, negative affective states (e.g., depression and anxiety), and Internet gaming disorder (IGD). This cross-sectional study investigated the relationships between job stress, psychological adaptation, negative affective states and IGD among 1,805 factory workers recruited by stratified multi-stage sampling between October and December 2019. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted to test the proposed mediation model. Among the participants, 67.3% were male and 71.7% were aged 35 years old or below. The prevalence of probable depression, probable anxiety, and IGD was 39.3, 28.7, and 7.5%. Being male, younger age, and shorter duration of living in Shenzhen were associated with higher IGD scores. Job stress was significantly associated with IGD (β = 0.11, p = 0.01) but not with negative affective states (β = 0.01, p = 0.77). Psychological adaptation was significantly associated with negative affective states (β = -0.37, p < 0.001) but not with IGD (β = 0.09, p > 0.05). Negative affective states were positively associated with IGD (β = 0.27, p < 0.001). The indirect effect of psychological adaptation (β = -0.10, p = 0.004) but not job stress (β = 0.003, p = 0.77) on IGD through negative affective states was statistically significant. The observed psychological correlates and mechanisms are modifiable, and can inform the design of evidence-based prevention programs for depression, anxiety, and IGD in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Cao
- Longhua District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kechun Zhang
- Longhua District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Danhua Ye
- Faculty of Medicine, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yong Cai
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bolin Cao
- School of Media and Communication, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yaqi Chen
- Longhua District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tian Hu
- Longhua District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dahui Chen
- Shenzhen Health Development Research and Date Management Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Linghua Li
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaomin Wu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huachun Zou
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.,Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zixin Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Faculty of Medicine, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Dahl D, Bergmark KH. Problematic internet use: A scoping review – longitudinal research on a contemporary social problem, 2006–2017. NORDIC STUDIES ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS 2020; 37:497-525. [PMID: 35308651 PMCID: PMC8899278 DOI: 10.1177/1455072520941997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: Problematic internet use (PIU), and kindred concepts such as internet addiction (IA), make up a growing research field, partly due to the suggested inclusion of internet gaming disorder in a future DSM-6 as well as the fact that gaming disorder is on its way to being included in the ICD-11. Conclusions from research are far from unified. This study aims to synthesise the research field of problematic internet use/internet addiction/gaming disorder, with a focus on the reporting of prevalence and change. Methods: Longitudinal studies of PIU/IA formed the basis for a scoping review. Systematic searches of Web of Science, Scopus and Proquest, for peer-reviewed and published articles based on empirical data collected at a minimum of two time points for studies, and with an end point set at 2017, led to the inclusion of 97 studies. Endnote X7 was used to organise the results and NVivo 11 was used for synthesising the results. Results: Analyses focused on prevalence and change. Findings show variation among measures and prevalence as well as in reported outcomes relating to social life and other problems. Most studies reported relations between PIU/IA and other problems in life, but no specific time order could be established. Furthermore, many studies did not present data on prevalence or change even though using a longitudinal survey design. Discussion and conclusions: In summary, the research field is plagued by a lack of consensus and common understanding, regarding both measures, perceptions of the problem, and findings.
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Feng Y, Ma Y, Zhong Q. The Relationship Between Adolescents' Stress and Internet Addiction: A Mediated-Moderation Model. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2248. [PMID: 31636590 PMCID: PMC6787273 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study explored the impact of stress, social anxiety, and social class on Internet addiction among adolescents. The subjects-1,634 middle school students-were investigated using the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS), the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A) Chinese Short Form, the Chinese Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS), and the Questionnaire of Family Social-economic Status. The results show that 12% of the adolescents investigated showed signs of Internet addiction. With the increase of grade, the tendency of Internet addiction and the number of addicts gradually increased. It also showed that Internet addiction is positively correlated with stress and social anxiety and negatively correlated with social class. Social anxiety partially mediates the impact of stress on Internet addiction and social class indirectly influences Internet addiction by moderating the relationship between stress and social anxiety. In conclusion, there is a mediated-moderation effect between stress and adolescent Internet addiction This means that adolescents from different social classes have different types of anxiety when they feel the stress, which influences their choices concerning internet use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Feng
- School of Educational Science, Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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Unpacking the mechanisms underlying the relation between ostracism and Internet addiction. Psychiatry Res 2018; 270:724-730. [PMID: 30551316 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Prior studies have mainly focused on the psychological correlates of Internet addiction, but scant research has tested how actual interpersonal experience can influence people's tendency to spend an excessive amount of time online. The present research aimed to fill the research gap by investigating the potential relationship between ostracism and Internet usage as well as the mechanisms underlying such a linkage. Participants completed a series of well-validated measures assessing their ostracism experience in school, solitude seeking, self-control, and Internet addiction. The results established a significant positive association between ostracism and Internet addiction and demonstrated this relation was mediated by enhanced solitude seeking and impaired self-control. These findings advanced our current knowledge by showing that adverse interpersonal experiences in school can predict Internet addiction and by unveiling the underlying psychological mechanisms that can account for such a relation. They also highlight the importance of everyday interpersonal experiences in understanding people's behaviors in the cyberspace.
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Tsumura H, Kanda H, Sugaya N, Tsuboi S, Fukuda M, Takahashi K. Problematic Internet Use and Its Relationship with Psychological Distress, Insomnia, and Alcoholism Among Schoolteachers in Japan. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR, AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2018. [DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2018.0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Tsumura
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Kanda
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan
| | - Nagisa Sugaya
- Unit of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tsuboi
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mari Fukuda
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan
| | - Kenzo Takahashi
- Teikyo University Graduate School of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
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Chen Z, Poon KT, Cheng C. Deficits in recognizing disgust facial expressions and Internet addiction: Perceived stress as a mediator. Psychiatry Res 2017; 254:211-217. [PMID: 28476013 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Studies have examined social maladjustment among individuals with Internet addiction, but little is known about their deficits in specific social skills and the underlying psychological mechanisms. The present study filled these gaps by (a) establishing a relationship between deficits in facial expression recognition and Internet addiction, and (b) examining the mediating role of perceived stress that explains this hypothesized relationship. Ninety-seven participants completed validated questionnaires that assessed their levels of Internet addiction and perceived stress, and performed a computer-based task that measured their facial expression recognition. The results revealed a positive relationship between deficits in recognizing disgust facial expression and Internet addiction, and this relationship was mediated by perceived stress. However, the same findings did not apply to other facial expressions. Ad hoc analyses showed that recognizing disgust was more difficult than recognizing other facial expressions, reflecting that the former task assesses a social skill that requires cognitive astuteness. The present findings contribute to the literature by identifying a specific social skill deficit related to Internet addiction and by unveiling a psychological mechanism that explains this relationship, thus providing more concrete guidelines for practitioners to strengthen specific social skills that mitigate both perceived stress and Internet addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongting Chen
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kai-Tak Poon
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Cecilia Cheng
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
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How Has Internet Addiction Research Evolved Since the Advent of Internet Gaming Disorder? An Overview of Cyberaddictions from a Psychological Perspective. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-015-0067-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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