Plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 gene 4G/5G polymorphism in Turkish adult patients with asthma

PAI-1 Gene Polymorphism Was Associated with an Increased Risk of Allergic Diseases: Evidence from a Meta-Analysis of 14 Case-Control Studies

INTRODUCTION

In recent years, many studies have focused on the association between plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 gene 4G/5G polymorphism and risk of allergic diseases, but the results have been inconclusive.

OBJECTIVE

We conducted this meta-analysis to study the exact relationship between PAI-1 polymorphism and susceptibility to allergic diseases.

METHODS

All eligible studies were determined by an electronic literature search. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of association under all of the models.

RESULTS

A total of 14 studies involving 2,327 cases and 2,838 controls were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, we found a significant association between PAI-1 polymorphism and risk of allergic diseases (4G/4G + 4G/5G vs. 5G/5G: OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.39-2.22, p < 0.00001). In a subgroup analysis by ethnicity, we found a markedly increased risk in Asians (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.26-2.09, p = 0.0002) and Caucasians (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.26-2.52, p = 0.001). In addition, significant associations between PAI-1 polymorphism and risk of allergic diseases were observed in both adults (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.23-2.38, p = 0.001) and children (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.42-2.46, p < 0.00001). In a subgroup analysis by different allergic diseases, a significantly increased risk was found for asthma (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.33-2.39, p = 0.001) but not for rhinitis (OR 1.51, 95% CI 0.79-2.89, p = 0.22).

CONCLUSION

This meta-analysis demonstrated that PAI-1 gene 4G/5G polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of allergic diseases.

Polymorphism 4G/5G of the plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 gene as a risk factor for the development of allergic rhinitis symptoms in patients with asthma

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is a glycoprotein which has a role in tissue remodelling after inflammatory processes. The objective is to investigate the frequency of PAI-1 gene polymorphism (4G/5G) in patients with a lung ventilation dysfunction in asthma and allergic rhinitis. Genomic DNA was isolated and genotypes of polymorphism of PAI-1 4G/5G and ABO were determined using the methods of RT-PCR and PCR-SSP. Study group includes 145 adult patients diagnosed with chronic asthma, with all clinically relevant parameters and the laboratory markers of pO₂, IgE and eosinophils in sputum and nasal swab. In the processing of data, appropriate statistical tests (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, median, interquartile ranges, χ ² and Mann-Whitney U tests) were used. Patients with symptoms of allergic rhinitis were significantly younger and had an almost four time higher levels of IgE (P = 0.001), higher pO₂ (P = 0.002) and PEF (P = 0.036), compared to those who do not have these symptoms. Genotype PAI 4G/4G is significantly more common in patients with allergic rhinitis (28.1% vs. 16.1%; P = 0.017) compared to the genotype 5G/5G. Carriers of the genotype 4G/5G also have a borderline statistical significance. There were no statistically significant difference in the incidence of allergic rhinitis in the carriers of any ABO genotypes. The frequency of PAI genotype 4G/4G is significantly more common in patients with allergic rhinitis. The results suggest that the carriers of at least one 4G allele are at a higher risk for developing symptoms of allergic rhinitis in asthma.

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and susceptibility to lung cancer: a population genetics perspective

AIM

The aim of this study was to investigate the polymorphism frequency of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) (rs1799889) 4G/5G in patients with lung cancer.

METHODS

In this study, 286 genomic DNAs (154 lung cancer patients+132 subjects without lung cancer) were analyzed. Polymorphisms were determined by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, with 4G and 5G allele-specific primers. PCR products were assessed by a charge-coupled device camera and exposed to 2% agarose gel electrophoresis.

RESULTS

The frequencies of the PAI-1 gene 4G/5G genotypes were found to be 21% 4G/4G, 16% 4G/5G, and 62% 5G/5G in the control group and 31.4% 4G/4G, 30.8% 4G/5G, and 37.8% 5G/5G in the patient group. It was determined that the 5G/5G genotype frequency was high in patients in comparison with other genotypes.

CONCLUSIONS

This study found a statistically significant difference between the groups with respect to genotype distribution. Consequently, we can say that the PAI-1 gene 4G/5G polymorphism is associated with lung cancer in Turkey.

The association between development and progression of multinodular goiter and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor gene D727E and P52T polymorphisms

AIM

This study has been performed on a Turkish population with multinodular goiter (MNG) to investigate the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) gene D727E and P52T polymorphisms.

METHODS

DNA samples were isolated from 300 patients with MNG and 142 controls. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and agarose gel electrophoresis were used.

RESULTS

The D727E polymorphism G-allele frequency and the CG and GG genotypes were significantly higher in patients with MNG. However, there was no significant difference in the P52T polymorphism between patients and control subjects.

CONCLUSIONS

As a conclusion, the D727E polymorphism G allele may be related to MNG development in the studied population.

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphisms in Turkish asthmatic children

BACKGROUND

Polymorphisms of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) genes have been implicated in susceptibility to asthma. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether there was any association between childhood asthma and polymorphisms of the PAI-1 and ACE genes.

METHODS

Two hundred and three Turkish children aged 5-15 years, including 102 asthmatic patients and 101 healthy control subjects were included in this study. The asthma group was divided into two groups as follows: Group I: Asthmatic children with positive family history for atopy (n=53), Group II: Asthmatic children without any family history for atopy (n=49). One hundred and twenty-eight atopic family members were also included in the study. The insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the ACE and PAI-1 4G/5G gene polymorphisms was carried out by polymerase chain reaction.

RESULTS

The prevalence of the PAI-1 4G allele was significantly greater in asthmatic children compared to control group (p<0.05, OR: 1.64 (1.11-2.43)) but there was no significant relation between ACE I/D genotypes and childhood asthma. No significant difference was detected between Groups I and II in terms of these ACE and PAI-1 genotypes and allele frequencies. No significant relationship was found between both gene polymorphisms and total serum IgE and skin prick test results.

CONCLUSION

It has been established that PAI-1 4G allele may be a genetic risk factor for childhood asthma but ACE gene I/D polymorphisms do not play a role in the development of asthma in the sample of Turkish children.

Relationship between plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) gene polymorphisms and osteoporosis in Turkish women

OBJECTIVE

The development of osteoporosis is associated with several risk factors, such as genetic structures that affect bone turnover and bone mass. The impact of genetic structures on osteoporosis is not known. Plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 regulates the bone matrix and bone balance. This study assessed the correlation between plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 gene 4G/5G polymorphisms and osteoporosis in a population of Turkish women.

METHODS

A total of 195 postmenopausal female patients who were diagnosed with osteoporosis (Group I) based on bone mineral density measurements via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and 90 females with no osteoporosis (Group II) were included in this study. Correlations between PAI-1 gene 4G/5G polymorphisms and osteoporosis were investigated through the identification of PAI-1 gene 4G/5G polymorphism genotypes using the polymerase chain reaction.

RESULTS

No significant differences in the genotype and allele frequency of 4G/5G plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 polymorphisms were observed between the two groups, and both groups exhibited the most frequently observed 4G5G genotype.

CONCLUSION

No correlation between the development of osteoporosis in the female Turkish population and 4G/5G plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 gene polymorphisms was observed.

The -675 4G/5G polymorphism in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene is associated with risk of asthma: a meta-analysis

Background

A number of studies assessed the association of −675 4G/5G polymorphism in the promoter region of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 gene with asthma in different populations. However, most studies reported inconclusive results. A meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the association between polymorphism in the PAI-1 gene and asthma susceptibility.

Methods

Databases including Pubmed, EMBASE, HuGE Literature Finder, Wanfang Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Weipu Database were searched to find relevant studies. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of association in the dominant model, recessive model, codominant model, and additive model.

Results

Eight studies involving 1817 cases and 2327 controls were included. Overall, significant association between 4G/5G polymorphism and asthma susceptibility was observed for 4G4G+4G5G vs. 5G5G (OR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.12–2.18, P = 0.008), 4G/4G vs. 4G/5G+5G/5G (OR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.06–1.80, P = 0.02), 4G/4G vs. 5G/5G (OR = 1.80, 95% CI 1.17–2.76, P = 0.007), 4G/5G vs. 5G/5G (OR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.07–1.84, P = 0.02), and 4G vs. 5G (OR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.08–1.68, P = 0.008).

Conclusions

This meta-analysis suggested that the −675 4G/5G polymorphism of PAI-1 gene was a risk factor of asthma.

Plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 gene 4G/5G polymorphism is associated with hypertensive patients in the Turkish population

This study has been performed on hypertensive patients in the Turkish population to determine the frequency of 4G/5G polymorphism genotypes of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 gene and with the aim of examining the role of this polymorphism in hypertension development. Genomic DNA obtained from 284 persons (176 patients with hypertension and 108 healthy controls) was used in the study. DNA was multiplied by polymerase chain reaction using 4G and 5G allele-specific primers. Polymerase chain reaction products were assessed by being exposed to 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. Results were evaluated with the chi-square test. The 4G allele frequency was 31.25% and the 5G allele frequency was 68.75% in patients, whereas it was 49/51% in a control group. 5G5G genotype was found statistically high (p < 0.001) in patients relative to controls. This study showed that the plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 gene 4G/5G polymorphism and the 5G5G genotype appear to be associated with an elevated risk of developing hypertension in a representative sample of Turkish population.

DD genotype of ace gene I/D polymorphism is associated in a Turkish study population with osteoarthritis

This study was conducted in Turkish osteoarthritis patients to determine the frequency of I/D polymorphism genotypes of angiotensin converting enzyme gene, and to examine the role of this polymorphism in osteoarthritis development. Genomic DNA obtained from 200 persons (135 patients with osteoarthritis and 65 healthy controls) was used in the study. DNA was multiplied by polymerase chain reaction using I and D allele-specific primers. Polymerase chain reaction products were assessed with CCD camera by being exposed to 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. There was statistically significant difference between the groups with respect to genotype distribution (P < 0.001). The D allele frequency was indicated as 69% and I allele was as 31% in the patients, whereas it was 55-45% in the control group. Consequently, in this study, we may assert that ACE gene I/D polymorphism DD genotype determination is significant criteria for identifying patients who are likely to develop osteoarthritis in east population of Turkey.