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Casnici C, Crotta K, Volpe G, Panuzzo C, Lattuada D, Mesiano G, Saglio G, Marelli O. Specific Monoclonal Antibody Against Bcr/Abl Out-of-Frame Alternative Proteins as Diagnostic Tool in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Patients. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2017; 36:149-156. [PMID: 28704165 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2016.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
More recently, alternative splicing of specific genes are investigated for their therapeutic potential. In particular, we reported the existence of BCR-ABL alternative splicing isoforms, in about 80% of Philadelphia-positive patients, which lead to the expression of aberrant proteins. These fusion proteins are characterized by an orphan initial and correct Bcr portion attached to a 112 amino acid sequence, arising from the impairment in the reading frame (reading of ABL exon 4 and 5). We demonstrated that these Abl-out-of-frame (OOF) isoforms could have an immunological role with therapeutic implications. The aim of this study was to characterize a new monoclonal antibody (MAb) specific for Abl-OOF protein portion, for diagnostic use, to detect this biomarker in Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients and to generate novel approaches in the immunotherapy. 5F11G11 MAb recognizes the OOF protein portion of the native full-length Bcr/Abl-OOF protein expressed in cells transiently transfected, as demonstrated by immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence. In addition, we demonstrate the MAb's ability to recognize the alternative hybrid Bcr/Abl fusion protein expressed in leukemic cells from CML patients, to support the possible use of 5F11G11 MAb as a diagnostic tool to select patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive CML that could be eligible for an immunotherapeutic approach with this new antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Casnici
- 1 Ferdinando Santarelli Foundation , Milan, Italy .,2 Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Milan , Milan, Italy
| | - Katia Crotta
- 2 Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Milan , Milan, Italy
| | - Gisella Volpe
- 3 Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin , Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Panuzzo
- 3 Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin , Turin, Italy
| | - Donatella Lattuada
- 2 Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Milan , Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Mesiano
- 4 Division of Medical Oncology-Experimental Cell Therapy, Candiolo Cancer Institute , FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, TO, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Saglio
- 3 Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin , Turin, Italy
| | - Ornella Marelli
- 2 Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Milan , Milan, Italy
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Panuzzo C, Volpe G, Cibrario Rocchietti E, Casnici C, Crotta K, Crivellaro S, Carrà G, Lorenzatti R, Peracino B, Torti D, Morotti A, Camacho-Leal MP, Defilippi P, Marelli O, Saglio G. New alternative splicing BCR/ABL-OOF shows an oncogenic role by lack of inhibition of BCR GTPase activity and an increased of persistence of Rac activation in chronic myeloid leukemia. Oncoscience 2015; 2:880-91. [PMID: 26682280 PMCID: PMC4671955 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In Chronic Myeloid Leukemia 80% of patients present alternative splice variants involving BCR exons 1, 13 or 14 and ABL exon 4, with a consequent impairment in the reading frame of the ABL gene. Therefore BCR/ABL fusion proteins (BCR/ABL-OOF) are characterized by an in-frame BCR portion followed by an amino acids sequence arising from the out of frame (OOF) reading of the ABL gene. The product of this new transcript contains the characteristic BCR domains while lacking the COOH-terminal Rho GTPase GAP domain. The present work aims to characterize the protein functionality in terms of cytoskeleton (re-)modelling, adhesion and activation of canonical oncogenic signalling pathways. Here, we show that BCR/ABL-OOF has a peculiar endosomal localization which affects EGF receptor activation and turnover. Moreover, we demonstrate that BCR/ABL-OOF expression leads to aberrant cellular adhesion due to the activation of Rac GTPase, increase in cellular proliferation, migration and survival. When overexpressed in a BCR/ABL positive cell line, BCR/ABL-OOF induces hyperactivation of Rac signaling axis offering a therapeutic window for Rac-targeted therapy. Our data support a critical role of BCR/ABL-OOF in leukemogenesis and identify a subset of patients that may benefit from Rac-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Panuzzo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Gisella Volpe
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Casnici
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Katia Crotta
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabrina Crivellaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanna Carrà
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberta Lorenzatti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Barbara Peracino
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Davide Torti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Morotti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Paola Defilippi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ornella Marelli
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Saglio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
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Repetto D, Aramu S, Boeri Erba E, Sharma N, Grasso S, Russo I, Jensen ON, Cabodi S, Turco E, Di Stefano P, Defilippi P. Mapping of p140Cap phosphorylation sites: the EPLYA and EGLYA motifs have a key role in tyrosine phosphorylation and Csk binding, and are substrates of the Abl kinase. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54931. [PMID: 23383002 PMCID: PMC3561454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation tightly regulates specific binding of effector proteins that control many diverse biological functions of cells (e. g. signaling, migration and proliferation). p140Cap is an adaptor protein, specifically expressed in brain, testis and epithelial cells, that undergoes phosphorylation and tunes its interactions with other regulatory molecules via post-translation modification. In this work, using mass spectrometry, we found that p140Cap is in vivo phosphorylated on tyrosine (Y) within the peptide GEGLpYADPYGLLHEGR (from now on referred to as EGLYA) as well as on three serine residues. Consistently, EGLYA has the highest score of in silico prediction of p140Cap phosphorylation. To further investigate the p140Cap function, we performed site specific mutagenesis on tyrosines inserted in EGLYA and EPLYA, a second sequence with the same highest score of phosphorylation. The mutant protein, in which both EPLYA/EGLYA tyrosines were converted to phenylalanine, was no longer tyrosine phosphorylated, despite the presence of other tyrosine residues in p140Cap sequence. Moreover, this mutant lost its ability to bind the C-terminal Src kinase (Csk), previously shown to interact with p140Cap by Far Western analysis. In addition, we found that in vitro and in HEK-293 cells, the Abelson kinase is the major kinase involved in p140Cap tyrosine phosphorylation on the EPLYA and EGLYA sequences. Overall, these data represent an original attempt to in vivo characterise phosphorylated residues of p140Cap. Elucidating the function of p140Cap will provide novel insights into its biological activity not only in normal cells, but also in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Repetto
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Simona Aramu
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Nanaocha Sharma
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Grasso
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Isabella Russo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Ole N. Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sara Cabodi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Emilia Turco
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Di Stefano
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
- * E-mail: (PD); (PDS)
| | - Paola Defilippi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
- * E-mail: (PD); (PDS)
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