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Morelli CF, Cutignano A, Speranza G, Abbamondi GR, Rabuffetti M, Iodice C, De Prisco R, Tommonaro G. Taste Compounds and Polyphenolic Profile of Tomato Varieties Cultivated with Beneficial Microorganisms: A Chemical Investigation on Nutritional Properties and Sensory Qualities. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010117. [PMID: 36671502 PMCID: PMC9855395 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a strong need to develop eco-sustainable agricultural techniques to improve crop yields while preserving biomolecule contents and reducing the adverse environmental impact of agro-chemicals. The use of microorganisms in agriculture represents an attractive and innovative solution. Herein, a chemical study on the nutritional and sensory qualities of San Marzano Cirio 3 (SMC3), Corbarino (CO) and Brandywine (BW) tomato varieties cultivated with and without effective microorganisms (EM) is reported. LC-MS analysis of the methanolic extracts allowed for the identification of 21 polyphenol derivatives. In different proportions among the studied varieties, the two main polyphenols were rutin and naringenin chalcone; the latter was isolated and chemically identified by complementary HR-ESIMS/MS and NMR methods. SMC3 and CO were richer in naringenin chalcone. Conversely, BW showed higher proportions of rutin; however, in all cases, the relative amounts of the two polyphenols considered together increased over the other minor components after the EM treatment. The qualitative and quantitative HPLC analyses of taste-active compounds (aspartic acid, glutamic acid, AMP and GMP) revealed a significant difference in aspartic and glutamic acids and ribonucleotide contents according to the cultivation condition (±EM), particularly in BW. This study provides chemical data in support of the use of EM green technology for the cultivation of edible agricultural products, such as tomato preserves, and may even improve nutritional and sensory qualities while safeguarding the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adele Cutignano
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (G.T.); Tel.: +39-081-8675313 (A.C.); +39-081-8675029 (G.T.)
| | - Giovanna Speranza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Gennaro Roberto Abbamondi
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Marco Rabuffetti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Carmine Iodice
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Rocco De Prisco
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Tommonaro
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (G.T.); Tel.: +39-081-8675313 (A.C.); +39-081-8675029 (G.T.)
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Cytotoxic evaluation and chemical investigation of tomatoes from plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) grown in uncontaminated and experimentally contaminated soils. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13024. [PMID: 35906264 PMCID: PMC9338037 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13876-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic activity and the chemical composition of the tomato extracts coming from, Pomodoro Giallo and San Marzano Cirio 3, and then to evaluate the potential changes when plants were grown in soils contaminated by cadmium, chromium and lead. Extracts were investigated by UHPLC-HRMS and UV–Vis. Cell viability (CellTiter-Glo Luminescent assay), enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase activity (ALDEFLOUR Assay), cell cycle progression (Accuri C6 Flow Cytometer), apoptosis and necrosis (Annexin V-FITC assay) were evaluated on two gastric cancer (AGS and NCI-N87) and two colorectal cancer (HT-29 and HCT 116) cell lines. Different content of polyphenol and carotenoid constituents was observed. Extracts from uncontaminated soil induced cytotoxic activity towards all selected cancer cells, while extracts coming from contaminated soils showed the aberrant phenotype increased in colorectal cancer cells. Chloroform extracts exerted the highest cytotoxic activity. AGS and HT-29 were the most sensitive to cell cycle arrest and to apoptosis. No necrotic effect was observed in HCT 116. The contrasting effects on cancer cells were observed based on tomato variety, the extract polarity, heavy metal identity, and tested cell line. The investigation of potential adverse health effects due to Cd in the fruits should be explored.
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Tommonaro G, Morelli CF, Rabuffetti M, Nicolaus B, De Prisco R, Iodice C, Speranza G. Determination of flavor-potentiating compounds in different Italian tomato varieties. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13736. [PMID: 33870530 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Umami taste, known as appetizing sensation, is mainly imparted by monosodium glutamate (MSG, the first identified umami factor) in synergistic combination with some 5' ribonucleotides such as inosine 5'-monophosphate, IMP, guanosine 5'-monophosphate, GMP, and adenosine 5'-monophoshate, AMP. The level of free glutamic acid in tomatoes is higher than in other vegetables or fruits and increases with ripening and industrial processing. In addition, due to the presence of bioactive metabolites, tomatoes and tomato-based products are among the most consumed healthy food items. The levels of the major umami compounds of tomato, that is, glutamate and 5'-ribonucleotides (GMP and AMP) were assessed in different parts (skin, outer flesh, and inner pulp) of known tomato varieties from southern Italy: San Marzano Originale, San Marzano 245, Black Tomato, Corbarino Corbara, Corbarino Nocera, and Superpomodoro (tomato hybrid). Such varieties were also investigated for their antioxidant properties through DMPD, DPPH, and ABTS assays, with San Marzano Originale showing the highest antioxidant power both in lipophilic and methanolic fractions. The concentration of umami compounds in tomato differs with the part of the fruit analyzed and is greatly dependent on the variety, being Corbarino Nocera the cultivar richest in glutamate and Superpomodoro in ribonucleotides. As for nutritional aspect, results confirm the great nutraceutical feature of San Marzano tomato, the most known variety used in industrial processes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This study was planned to develop a method to quantify the major umami compounds that strongly influence the organoleptic properties of many different tomato varieties. It is known that the sensory quality of fruits and vegetables is an important factor in consumer's choice. The analytical methods described here enabled the evaluation of the glutamate and 5'-ribonucleotides contents in six selected varieties of tomato from Campania region, and can be easily used to determine the sensory profile of commercial varieties, for example, those perceived as not very tasteful by consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Tommonaro
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | | | | | - Barbara Nicolaus
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Rocco De Prisco
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Carmine Iodice
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Giovanna Speranza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Institute of Chemical Science and Technologies "G. Natta", CNR-SCITEC, Milan, Italy
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Ingallina C, Maccelli A, Spano M, Di Matteo G, Di Sotto A, Giusti AM, Vinci G, Di Giacomo S, Rapa M, Ciano S, Fraschetti C, Filippi A, Simonetti G, Cordeiro C, Silva MS, Crestoni ME, Sobolev AP, Fornarini S, Mannina L. Chemico-Biological Characterization of Torpedino Di Fondi ® Tomato Fruits: A Comparison with San Marzano Cultivar at Two Ripeness Stages. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9101027. [PMID: 33096834 PMCID: PMC7590105 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9101027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Torpedino di Fondi (TF) is a hybrid tomato landrace developed in Sicily and recently introduced in the south Lazio area along with the classical San Marzano (SM) cultivar. The present study aimed at characterizing TF tomatoes at both pink and red ripening stages, and at comparing them with traditional SM tomatoes. A multidisciplinary approach consisting of morphological, chemical (FT-ICR MS, NMR, HPLC, and spectrophotometric methods), and biological (antioxidant and antifungal in vitro activity) analyses was applied. Morphological analysis confirmed the mini-San Marzano nature and the peculiar crunchy and solid consistency of TF fruits. Pink TF tomatoes displayed the highest content of hydrophilic antioxidants, like total polyphenols (0.192 mg/g), tannins (0.013 mg/g), flavonoids (0.204 mg/g), and chlorophylls a (0.344 mg/g) and b (0.161 mg/g), whereas red TF fruits were characterized by the highest levels of fructose (3000 mg/100 g), glucose (2000 mg/100 g), tryptophan (2.7 mg/100 g), phenylalanine (13 mg/100 g), alanine (25 mg/100 g), and total tri-unsaturated fatty acids (13% mol). Red SM fruits revealed the greatest content of lipophilic antioxidants, with 1234 mg/g of total carotenoids. In agreement with phenolics content, TF cultivar showed the greatest antioxidant activity. Lastly, red TF inhibited Candida species (albicans, glabrata and krusei) growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Ingallina
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.I.); (A.M.); (M.S.); (G.D.M.); (C.F.); (A.F.); (S.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Alessandro Maccelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.I.); (A.M.); (M.S.); (G.D.M.); (C.F.); (A.F.); (S.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Mattia Spano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.I.); (A.M.); (M.S.); (G.D.M.); (C.F.); (A.F.); (S.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Giacomo Di Matteo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.I.); (A.M.); (M.S.); (G.D.M.); (C.F.); (A.F.); (S.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Antonella Di Sotto
- Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia “V. Ersparmer”, Sapienza Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.D.S.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Anna Maria Giusti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale Sapienza, Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giuliana Vinci
- Dipartimento di Management, Laboratorio di Merceologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via del Castro Laurenziano 9, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.V.); (M.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Silvia Di Giacomo
- Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia “V. Ersparmer”, Sapienza Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.D.S.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Mattia Rapa
- Dipartimento di Management, Laboratorio di Merceologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via del Castro Laurenziano 9, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.V.); (M.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Salvatore Ciano
- Dipartimento di Management, Laboratorio di Merceologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via del Castro Laurenziano 9, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.V.); (M.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Caterina Fraschetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.I.); (A.M.); (M.S.); (G.D.M.); (C.F.); (A.F.); (S.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Antonello Filippi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.I.); (A.M.); (M.S.); (G.D.M.); (C.F.); (A.F.); (S.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Giovanna Simonetti
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Sapienza Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carlos Cordeiro
- Laboratório de FT-ICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo-Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.C.); (M.S.S.)
| | - Marta Sousa Silva
- Laboratório de FT-ICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo-Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.C.); (M.S.S.)
| | - Maria Elisa Crestoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.I.); (A.M.); (M.S.); (G.D.M.); (C.F.); (A.F.); (S.F.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.E.C.); (A.P.S.); Tel.: +39-06-4991-3596 (M.E.C.); +39-06-9067-2385 (A.P.S.)
| | - Anatoly P. Sobolev
- Istituto per i Sistemi Biologici, Laboratorio di Risonanza Magnetica “Annalaura Segre”, CNR, 00015 Monterotondo (Rome), Italy
- Correspondence: (M.E.C.); (A.P.S.); Tel.: +39-06-4991-3596 (M.E.C.); +39-06-9067-2385 (A.P.S.)
| | - Simonetta Fornarini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.I.); (A.M.); (M.S.); (G.D.M.); (C.F.); (A.F.); (S.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Luisa Mannina
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.I.); (A.M.); (M.S.); (G.D.M.); (C.F.); (A.F.); (S.F.); (L.M.)
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Piscitelli C, Lavorgna M, De Prisco R, Coppola E, Grilli E, Russo C, Isidori M. Tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) grown in experimental contaminated soil: Bioconcentration of potentially toxic elements and free radical scavenging evaluation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237031. [PMID: 32790698 PMCID: PMC7425901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato is the most widespread vegetable crop in the world. In Italy, tomatoes are mainly cultivated in the South and in the Campania region, precisely in the area called Agro Nocerino-Sarnese. This flatland is affected by an extreme level of environmental degradation, especially related to the Sarno River, where concentrations of Potential Toxic Elements (PTEs) have been found to be higher than the maximum permitted level. The aim of this study was to determine the PTEs uptake by roots and their translocation to the aerial parts of the plants of two cultivars of tomatoes (Pomodoro Giallo and San Marzano Cirio 3). To the purpose, samples of the two cultivars were grown both in pots with experimentally contaminated soil containing: Cr or Cd or Pb at extremely high concentrations and in pots with uncontaminated soils (control). Additionally, the antioxidant properties of the cultivars selected grown on uncontaminated/contaminated soils were assessed. The results showed that Cd was the contaminant that most significantly interfered with the growth of both cultivars of tomato plants, whereas Pb caused lower phenotypical damage. Cd translocation from root to the organs of tomato plants was observed in both cultivars. Specifically, the total amount of Cd found in stems and leaves was higher in the Pomodoro Giallo (254.4 mg/kg dry weight) than in the San Marzano Cirio 3 (165.8 mg/kg dry weight). Cd was the only PTE found in the fruits of both cultivars, with values of 6.1 and 3.9 mg/kg dry weight of Pomodoro Giallo and San Marzano Cirio 3, respectively. The fruits of tomato plants grown in PTEs-contaminated soil showed inhibition or stimulations of the radical scavenging activity compared to the fruits grown in uncontaminated soil. This study highlighted that, despite the relatively high experimental concentrations of PTEs, their translocation to the edible part was comparatively low or absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Piscitelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Margherita Lavorgna
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Rocco De Prisco
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Elio Coppola
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Eleonora Grilli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Chiara Russo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Marina Isidori
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
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Tommonaro G, Speranza G, De Prisco R, Iodice C, Crudele E, Abbamondi GR, Nicolaus B. Antioxidant activity and bioactive compound contents before and after in vitro digestion of new tomato hybrids. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:5241-5246. [PMID: 28474355 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antioxidant properties and bioactive compound contents of fresh new tomato hybrids before and after in vitro digestion were investigated. To this aim, the antioxidant activities of lipophilic, hydrophilic and polyphenolic extracts of tomato hybrids were determined by ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), DMPD (N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride) and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) methods respectively, while the bioactive compound contents were estimated via Folin-Ciocalteu (polyphenols), pH differential (anthocyanins) and high-performance liquid chromatography (lycopene and β-carotene) methods. RESULTS After the digestion process, a marked loss (ranging from 37 to 77%) of antioxidant capacity linked to the hydrophilic fraction was observed. In contrast, the lipophilic and methanolic fractions showed an increase in antioxidant activity (ranging from 9 to 40%) after gastric digestion, and a rapid decrease was observed after total digestion. Moreover, the presence of anthocyanins and carotenoids after simulated digestion was a notable result. CONCLUSION The bioavailability of bioactive metabolites from nutraceutical food and their healthful properties in humans are strictly dependent on the digestion process. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Tommonaro
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Giovanna Speranza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Study of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Rocco De Prisco
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Carmine Iodice
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Egle Crudele
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Nicolaus
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Pozzuoli, Italy
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Tommonaro G, Nicolaus B, De Prisco R, Pergamo R, Marra N, Caporale A, Popolo A, Saturnino C. Evaluation of heavy metals, cytotoxicity, and antioxidant activity of tomatoes grown in toxic muddy soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:5756-5761. [PMID: 25424035 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3861-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This research studies tomatoes grown in polluted soils to ascertain their phytochemical and nutritive features. Pulp and seeds from tomatoes grown in muddy soils were analyzed for their antioxidant power and their toxicity because of the possibility that heavy metals were present in the soils. An antioxidant assay on methanol extracts was made by using DDPH, while an ABTS [2,2'-Azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] assay was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of lipophilic fractions. Results of the antioxidant assay showed that the tomatoes maintained a high level of antioxidant activity especially in the lipophilic fractions which contain the most representative compounds. Cytotoxic activity was performed on HeLa, PDAC, and A375 cell lines by [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-phenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay. Results showed that neither the seeds, nor the pulp, of the extracts was cytotoxic. The presence of heavy metals was evaluated by using spectroscopy of atomic absorption with a graphite oven. Test results show the absence of heavy metals and these results have an interesting scientific role because they provide useful information for promoting food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Tommonaro
- CNR-National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, NA, Italy,
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Basile A, Sorbo S, Cardi M, Lentini M, Castiglia D, Cianciullo P, Conte B, Loppi S, Esposito S. Effects of heavy metals on ultrastructure and Hsp70 induction in Lemna minor L. exposed to water along the Sarno River, Italy. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 114:93-101. [PMID: 25618632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The effects of freshwater pollution in the highly contaminated river Sarno (Campania, Southern Italy) have been evaluated using bags containing the aquatic plant Lemna minor (Lemnacee, Arales), in order to determine morpho-physiological modifications as a response to pollutants. The exposition of Lemna bags for 7 days on three different sites along the river path showed alterations in chloroplasts and vacuoles shape and organization. Moreover, some specimens were exposed in vitro at the same heavy metal (HM) concentrations measured in the polluted sites of the river, and compared with data from the bag experiment; to verify the dose and time dependent effects, samples were exposed to HM in vitro at concentrations ranging from 10(-6) to 10(-4)M up to 7 days. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations on in vitro plants confirmed that ultrastructural alterations affected most of plastids and the shape of different subcellular structures, namely vacuoles; in in vitro stressed specimens, Heat Shock Proteins 70 (Hsp70) levels changed, in dependence of changing levels of HM measured in different sites along the river path. Thus L. minor exhibited a possible correlation between the levels of HM pollution and Hsp70 occurrence; interestingly, the data presented showed that copper specifically increased Hsp70 levels at concentrations detected in polluted river waters, whereas cadmium and lead did not; on the other side, the latter represent highly toxic elements when specimens were exposed to higher levels in vitro. The effects of specific elements in vitro are compared to those observed in bags exposed along the river path; thus results are examined in order to propose L. minor as an organism able to be utilized to monitor heavy metals pollution; the possibility of using Hsp70s as specific markers of HM pollution is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Basile
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Italy
| | - S Sorbo
- Ce.S.M.A, Microscopy Section, University of Naples Federico II, Via Foria 223, I-80139 Napoli, Italy
| | - M Cardi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Italy
| | - M Lentini
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Italy
| | - D Castiglia
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Italy; Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources - CNR - UOS Portici - Via Università 133, I-80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - P Cianciullo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Italy
| | - B Conte
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio - Via Port'Arsa 11 - 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - S Loppi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, Via Mattioli 4, I- 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - S Esposito
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Italy.
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Tommonaro G, Caporale A, De Martino L, Popolo A, De Prisco R, Nicolaus B, Abbamondi GR, Saturnino C. Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities investigation of tomato seed extracts. Nat Prod Res 2014; 28:764-8. [PMID: 24483342 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2013.879474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Biological activities of different varieties of tomato seed extracts were evaluated to verify the potential antioxidant and/or antiproliferative activity of the bioactive metabolites present in them. Findings demonstrated that among all the varieties investigated (San Marzano Rosso, San Marzano Giallo, Corbarino, Black Tomato and San Marzano/Black Tomato hybrid) San Marzano Rosso seed extract exhibited the highest free radical-scavenging activity with 68% of 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical inhibition, and the best cytotoxic activity evaluated by using the brine shrimp test (LD50: 23,198 ppm) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-phenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay on A375 cell line (IC50: 137.7 μg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Tommonaro
- a Via Campi Flegrei , National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry , 34-80078 Pozzuoli , NA , Italy
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Tommonaro G, De Prisco R, Abbamondi GR, Nicolaus B. Bioactivity of tomato hybrid powder: antioxidant compounds and their biological activities. J Med Food 2013; 16:351-6. [PMID: 23472745 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2012.0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant and cytotoxic activities and the polyphenolic and anthocyanin contents of tomato hybrid powders were studied. Tomato powders were obtained, starting from the fresh fruits that had undergone an industrial process of drying and pulverization at two different temperatures. Antioxidant activities were evaluated in different extracts by using spectrophotometric assays: 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid and N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride cation radical inhibition for lipophilic and hydrophilic extracts, respectively, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay for polyphenolic extracts. Moreover, polyphenolic and anthocyanin contents were also carried out to detect the presence of these bioactive compounds. The effect of cytotoxic activity in vitro of tomato hybrid powder extracts on T47D (human breast carcinoma) cells was also evaluated. Results showed good antioxidant activities in lipophilic, polyphenolic, and hydrophilic extracts of samples that were obtained at a lower temperature. Extracts of the sample obtained at a higher temperature presented moderate antioxidant activity, lower than the extracts of other samples, which was probably due to the loss of labile antioxidant compounds during the industrial process. Very interesting was the presence of anthocyanins in both samples, even if in traces, and also a moderate cytotoxicity of a lipophilic extract on T47D cells. Therefore, tomato hybrid powders, on the basis of their multifunctional properties, could have a biotechnological application in agri-food or cosmetic industries as an additive for improving nutritional and/or bioactive qualities of commercial products used in daily nutrition and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Tommonaro
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Pozzuoli, Italy.
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