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Olukade T, Salama H, Al-Obaidly S, AlQubaisi M, Al-Rifai H. Maternal Body Mass Index and Recommended Gestational Weight Gain in a Middle Eastern Setting. Matern Child Health J 2024; 28:524-531. [PMID: 37955839 PMCID: PMC10914897 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-023-03816-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maternal body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) are modifiable risk factors that influence pregnancy outcomes. We examined the association between the two factors in pregnant women in Qatar with regard to the GWG recommendations by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) in 2009. METHODS We performed a population-based retrospective cohort analysis of 3547 singleton births, using routinely collected data from a Middle Eastern hospital database. RESULTS The mean maternal age was 29.7 ± 5.5 years, prepregnancy BMI was 27.5 ± 5.8 kg/m2, GWG was 9.58 kg ± 6.87 kg and gestational age at birth was 38.5 ± 1.9 weeks. In line with IOM recommendations, we found that higher BMI was correlated with decreased GWG and BMI was significantly associated with GWG even after adjusting for maternal age, parity, and infants' gestational age at birth. Nonetheless, GWG in more than one-third of women who were overweight or obese exceeded the IOM recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawa Olukade
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Husam Salama
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sawsan Al-Obaidly
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mai AlQubaisi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hilal Al-Rifai
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Kent-Marvick J, Cloyes KG, Meek P, Simonsen S. Racial and ethnic disparities in postpartum weight retention: A narrative review mapping the literature to the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities Research Framework. WOMEN'S HEALTH (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 19:17455057231166822. [PMID: 37082834 PMCID: PMC10126608 DOI: 10.1177/17455057231166822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY A Review of the Literature Using the National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD) Research Framework to Create a Roadmap of the Studies Investigating Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Excess Weight Retained After Pregnancy. WHY WAS THIS STUDY DONE? Three out of four people who give birth retain excess weight at 1-year post-pregnancy. This is concerning, as weight that is retained following pregnancy is associated with increased risk for the development of disease. People from racial and ethnic minority groups experience weight retention more frequently post-pregnancy. Black and Hispanic/Latina/o/x birthing people are more likely to begin pregnancy overweight or obese. They are also more likely to retain excess weight following pregnancy. Investigating these risks in people from racially/ethnically diverse backgrounds may be an important way to address disparities in excess weight retained post-pregnancy. WHAT DID THE RESEARCHERS DO? This review of the literature used a tool called the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD) Research Framework to map the literature to date on racial and ethnic disparities in excess weight retained post-pregnancy. WHAT DID THE RESEARCHERS FIND? We used the NIMHD Research Framework as a visual guide of the existing research about excess weight retained following pregnancy. Results illustrate the levels and domains at which research has been investigated. These results reveal that efforts have been focused at the individual level, with most attention given to diet and activity. Mapping the literature to the NIMHD Research Framework sheds light on gaps in the research. WHAT DO THE FINDINGS MEAN? Mapping the literature has revealed a need for investigations that make connections between the levels and domains of the Framework, so that we may understand underlying factors that contribute to health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristin G Cloyes
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Paula Meek
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sara Simonsen
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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O'Kelly AC, Scott N, DeFaria Yeh D. Delivering Coordinated Cardio-Obstetric Care from Preconception through Postpartum. Cardiol Clin 2021; 39:163-173. [PMID: 33222811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccl.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Coordinated preconception through postpartum cardio-obstetrics care is necessary to optimize both maternal and fetal health. Maternal mortality in the United States is increasing, largely driven by increasing cardiovascular (CV) disease burden during pregnancy and needs to be addressed emergently. Both for women with congenital and acquired heart disease, CV complications during pregnancy are associated with increased future risk of CV disease. Comprehensive cardio-obstetrics care is a powerful way of ensuring that women's CV risks before and during pregnancy are appropriately identified and treated and that they remain engaged in CV care long term to prevent future CV complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C O'Kelly
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Yawkey 5700, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nandita Scott
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Disease and Pregnancy Program, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Yawkey 5700, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Doreen DeFaria Yeh
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Disease and Pregnancy Program, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Yawkey 5700, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Boutté AK, Turner-McGrievy GM, Wilcox S, Liu J, Eberth JM, Kaczynski AT. Associations of maternal stress and/or depressive symptoms with diet quality during pregnancy: a narrative review. Nutr Rev 2021; 79:495-517. [PMID: 32529223 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy can be a stressful time for many women; however, it is unclear if higher stress and depressive symptoms are associated with poorer diet quality during pregnancy. OBJECTIVE The aims for this narrative review were to (1) synthesize findings of original, peer-reviewed studies that examined associations of stress and/or depressive symptoms with diet quality during pregnancy; (2) review the measurement tools used to assess stress, depressive symptoms, and diet quality; (3) identify current gaps in the extant literature; and (4) offer recommendations for future research. METHODS A search strategy was used to identify peer-reviewed manuscripts published between January 1997 and October 2018, using the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL Complete, PsycINFO, Academic Search Complete, and Psychology & Behavioral Sciences Collection. The search was updated December 2019. Two reviewers independently assessed title, abstract, and full-text of the studies that met the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted and a quality assessment was conducted. RESULTS Twenty-seven observational studies were identified in this review (21 cross-sectional and 6 longitudinal). In 22 studies, higher stress and/or depressive symptoms were associated with poorer diet quality or unhealthy dietary patterns; 5 studies found no association. Findings are mixed and inconclusive regarding the relationship among stress, depressive symptoms, and food groups related to diet quality and frequency of fast-food consumption. CONCLUSIONS The current data suggest stress and depressive symptoms may be a barrier to proper diet quality during pregnancy; however, variability in the assessment tools, timing of assessments, and use of covariates likely contribute to the inconsistency in study findings. Gaps in the literature include limited use of longitudinal study designs, limited use of comprehensive diet-quality indices, underrepresentation of minority women, and lack of multilevel theoretical frameworks. Studies should address these factors to better assess associations of stress and/or depressive symptoms with diet quality during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alycia K Boutté
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Graduate Trainee, Prevention Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Gabrielle M Turner-McGrievy
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Sara Wilcox
- Department of Exercise Science, Director, Prevention Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jan M Eberth
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Deputy Director, SC Rural Health Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Andrew T Kaczynski
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Co-Investigator, Prevention Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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Whitaker KM, Becker C, Healy H, Wilcox S, Liu J. Women's Report of Health Care Provider Advice and Gestational Weight Gain: A Systematic Review. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2021; 30:73-89. [DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2019.8223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kara M. Whitaker
- Department of Health and Human Physiology and University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Courtney Becker
- Department of Health and Human Physiology and University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Heather Healy
- Hardin Library for the Health Sciences, University of Iowa Libraries, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Sara Wilcox
- Department of Exercise Science and University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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Hill AM, Nunnery DL, Ammerman A, Dharod JM. Racial/Ethnic Differences in Diet Quality and Eating Habits Among WIC Pregnant Women: Implications for Policy and Practice. Am J Health Promot 2019; 34:169-176. [PMID: 31658816 DOI: 10.1177/0890117119883584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE One of the major federal food assistance programs, the Special Supplemental Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), serves approximately 1.5 million low-income pregnant women per year; however, limited information is available on their dietary habits. This is critical because low-income women are at higher risk of gaining excess weight during pregnancy. Thus, the study objectives were to (1) determine the overall diet quality of WIC pregnant women and (2) examine diet quality and eating behaviors by race/ethnicity and other sociodemographics. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study. SETTING One of the 3 WIC offices in a north-central county in North Carolina, USA. SAMPLE Pregnant women (n = 198) in the second trimester. MEASURES Interviews included sociodemographics, food security, diet, and eating behaviors. Diet quality was assessed by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2010 scores. ANALYSIS Descriptives, bivariate analysis, and multivariate analysis. RESULTS Average participant age was 26 years, and the mean HEI-2010 score was 56 of maximum score of 100. Specifically, African American women consumed significantly lower servings of whole grains (β = -1.71; 95% CI: -3.10 to -0.32; P < .05) and dairy (β = -1.42; 95% CI: -2.51 to -0.33; P < .05) compared with non-Hispanic white women. Hispanic women scored higher in daily intake of fruits (β = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.17-1.79; P < .05) and for consuming empty calories in moderation (β = 1.57; 95% CI: 0.06-3.09; P < .05). Frequency of intake of fast foods/outside meals was higher among African American women (57%, P = .025). CONCLUSION Efforts are warranted to promote optimal nutrition among WIC pregnant women. Specifically, African American women are highly vulnerable to poor dietary habits during pregnancy. Further investigation of barriers/facilitators for healthy eating is necessary to address nutrition disparities among WIC pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla M Hill
- Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Danielle L Nunnery
- Department of Nutrition and Health Care Management, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA
| | - Alice Ammerman
- Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jigna M Dharod
- Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
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Flannery C, McHugh S, Kenny LC, O’Riordan MN, McAuliffe FM, Bradley C, Kearney PM, Byrne M. Exploring obstetricians', midwives' and general practitioners' approach to weight management in pregnant women with a BMI ≥25 kg/m 2: a qualitative study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e024808. [PMID: 30696684 PMCID: PMC6352774 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore healthcare professionals' (HCPs) beliefs and attitudes towards weight management for pregnant women with a body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2. DESIGN Qualitative study. SETTING A public antenatal clinic in a large academic maternity hospital in Cork, Ireland, and general practice clinics in the same region. PARTICIPANTS HCPs such as hospital-based midwives and consultant obstetricians and general practitioners (GPs). METHOD Semistructured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of hospital-based HCPs and a sample of GPs working in the same region. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed using NVivo software. RESULTS Seventeen HCPs were interviewed (hospital based=10; GPs=7). Four themes identified the complexity of weight management in pregnancy and the challenges HCPs faced when trying to balance the medical and psychosocial needs of the women. HCPs acknowledged weight as a sensitive conversation topic, leading to a 'softly-softly approach' to weight management. HCPs tried to strike a balance between being woman centred and empathetic and medicalising the conversation. HCPs described 'doing what you can with what you have' and shifting the focus to managing obstetric complications. Furthermore, there were unclear roles and responsibilities in terms of weight management. CONCLUSION HCPs need to have standardised approaches and evidence-based guidelines that support the consistent monitoring and management of weight during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caragh Flannery
- Health Behaviour Change Research Group, School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sheena McHugh
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Louise C Kenny
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Liverpool School of Life Sciences, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mairead N O’Riordan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fionnuala M McAuliffe
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, National Maternity Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colin Bradley
- Department of General Practice, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Molly Byrne
- Health Behaviour Change Research Group, School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Wilcox S, Liu J, Addy CL, Turner-McGrievy G, Burgis JT, Wingard E, Dahl AA, Whitaker KM, Schneider L, Boutté AK. A randomized controlled trial to prevent excessive gestational weight gain and promote postpartum weight loss in overweight and obese women: Health In Pregnancy and Postpartum (HIPP). Contemp Clin Trials 2018; 66:51-63. [PMID: 29371061 PMCID: PMC5841597 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interventions to prevent excessive gestational weight gain and promote postpartum weight loss have yielded modest results, particularly in overweight and obese women. OBJECTIVES To examine the impact of a theory-based lifestyle intervention on gestational weight gain, postpartum weight loss, and related maternal and child outcomes and to examine race differences in these outcomes. DESIGN A randomized controlled trial (target N=400; 200 intervention, 200 standard care; 200 African American, 200 white). METHODS Overweight and obese African American and white women ≤16weeks gestation are recruited from obstetrics and gynecology clinics in South Carolina. Intervention participants receive two in-depth counseling sessions (early pregnancy and postpartum), telephone counseling, behavioral podcasts, and social media support that target weight self-monitoring and increasing physical activity and healthy dietary behavior practices, guided by Social Cognitive Theory. Standard care participants receive monthly mailings and a matched number of podcasts on non-weight related topics. All intervention activities last from ≤18weeks gestation to 6months after delivery. Gestational weight gain is the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes are meeting gestational weight gain guidelines (inadequate, adequate, excessive), weekly rate of gestational weight gain, postpartum weight retention, physical activity and dietary behaviors, health-related quality of life, and offspring adiposity. Participants are assessed at baseline (≤16weeks gestation), 32weeks gestation, and 6 and 12months postpartum, and offspring are assessed at 6 and 12months. SUMMARY HIPP is an innovative study that addresses significant gaps in the literature. Primary outcome results are expected in 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Wilcox
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States; Prevention Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States.
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States.
| | - Cheryl L Addy
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Gabrielle Turner-McGrievy
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Judith T Burgis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Ellen Wingard
- Prevention Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Alicia A Dahl
- Prevention Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States; Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Kara M Whitaker
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Lara Schneider
- Prevention Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Alycia K Boutté
- Prevention Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States; Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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Association Between Obstetric Provider’s Advice and Gestational Weight Gain. Matern Child Health J 2018; 22:1127-1134. [DOI: 10.1007/s10995-018-2497-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Jewell SL, Letham-Hamlett K, Hanna Ibrahim M, Luecken LJ, MacKinnon DP. Family Support and Family Negativity as Mediators of the Relation between Acculturation and Postpartum Weight in Low-Income Mexican-Origin Women. Ann Behav Med 2017; 51:856-867. [PMID: 28470505 PMCID: PMC5670022 DOI: 10.1007/s12160-017-9909-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity presents a significant health concern among low-income, ethnic minority women of childbearing age. PURPOSE The study investigated the influence of maternal acculturation, family negativity, and family support on postpartum weight loss among low-income Mexican-origin women. METHODS Low-income Mexican-origin women (N=322; 14% born in the U.S.) were recruited from a prenatal clinic in an urban area of the Southwest U.S. Acculturation was assessed during a prenatal home visit (26-38 weeks gestation), and post-birth family support and general family negativity were assessed at 6 weeks postpartum. Objective maternal weight measures were obtained at five time points across the first postpartum year. RESULTS Higher acculturation predicted higher family support and family negativity. Higher family support predicted decreasing weight across the first postpartum year, and higher family negativity predicted higher weight at 6 weeks postpartum and increasing weight across the first postpartum year. In combination, family negativity and support mediated the impact of acculturation on postpartum weight gain. CONCLUSIONS Cultural and family-related factors play a significant role in postpartum weight gain and loss for low-income Mexican-origin women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L Jewell
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871104, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1104, USA
| | - Kirsten Letham-Hamlett
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871104, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1104, USA
| | - Mariam Hanna Ibrahim
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871104, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1104, USA
| | - Linda J Luecken
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871104, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1104, USA.
| | - David P MacKinnon
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871104, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1104, USA
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Dahl AA, Dunn CG, Boutté AK, Crimarco A, Turner-McGrievy G. Mobilizing mHealth for Moms: a Review of Mobile Apps for Tracking Gestational Weight Gain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s41347-017-0030-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Morisset AS, Dubois L, Colapinto CK, Luo ZC, Fraser WD. Prepregnancy Body Mass Index as a Significant Predictor of Total Gestational Weight Gain and Birth Weight. CAN J DIET PRACT RES 2017; 78:66-73. [DOI: 10.3148/cjdpr-2016-035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: We aimed to describe adherence to gestational weight gain (GWG) recommendations and identify determinants of excessive GWG in a sample of women from Quebec, Canada. Methods: Data were collected from the multi-centre 3D (Design, Develop, Discover) pregnancy cohort study, which included women who delivered between May 2010 and August 2012 at 9 obstetrical hospitals in Quebec, Canada. GWG was calculated for 1145 women and compared to the 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations. Results: Overall, 51% of participants exceeded the recommendations. Approximately 68% of women with obesity gained weight in excess of the IOM recommendations. The corresponding numbers were 75%, 44%, and 27% in overweight, normal weight, and underweight women, respectively. A prepregnancy BMI of 25 kg/m2 or more was the only significant predictor of exceeding GWG recommendations (OR 3.35, 95% CI 2.44–4.64) in a multivariate model. Birth weight was positively associated with GWG. GWG and prepregnancy BMI could explain 3.13% and 2.46% of the variance in birth weight, respectively. Conclusion: About half of women exceeded GWG recommendations, and this was correlated with infant birth weight. This reinforces the need to develop and evaluate strategies, including nutritional interventions, for pregnant women to achieve optimal GWG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Morisset
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC
- Sainte Justine University Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC
| | - Lise Dubois
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON
| | - Cynthia K. Colapinto
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC
| | - Zong-Chen Luo
- Sainte Justine University Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, Huangpu
| | - William D. Fraser
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC
- Sainte Justine University Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC
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Abstract
To support optimal health outcomes during pregnancy, understanding obstetricians' (OBs) recommendations for and barriers to managing gestational weight gain (GWG) can benefit childbirth educators. This mailed survey examined OBs' practices (n = 63) for managing GWG along with perceived barriers. The most frequent recommendations were (a) increase activity (76.2%), (b) aerobic activity (63.5%), (c) patient education about weight management (61.9%), (d) increase fiber intake (61.3%), and (e) use of guidelines for weight gain (58.7%). Self-tracking weight gain charts were the least used. Greatest barriers to GWG management were (a) patients not interested in changing behavior (77.8%), (b) high relapse rates (66.7%), (c) lack of community resources (60.3%), (d) patients cannot afford referrals (58.7%), and (e) lack of time (53.9%).
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Whitaker KM, Wilcox S, Liu J, Blair SN, Pate RR. African American and White women׳s perceptions of weight gain, physical activity, and nutrition during pregnancy. Midwifery 2016; 34:211-220. [PMID: 26612000 PMCID: PMC4792697 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe African American and White women's perceptions of weight gain, physical activity, and nutrition during pregnancy and to explore differences in perceptions by race. DESIGN Qualitative interview study. SETTING Two Ob/Gyn clinics in South Carolina, USA. PARTICIPANTS Thirty pregnant women (15 African American, 15 White) between 20 and 30 weeks gestation, equally represented across pre-pregnancy BMI categories (10 normal weight, 10 overweight, and 10 obese). FINDINGS White women more frequently described intentions to meet weight gain, physical activity, and dietary guidelines in pregnancy than African American women. African American women were more concerned with inadequate weight gain while White women more commonly expressed concerns about excessive weight gain. More White women discussed the importance of physical activity for weight management. Regardless of race, few women described risks of excessive weight gain or benefits of physical activity as it relates to the baby's health. The primary cited barrier of healthy eating was the high cost of fresh produce. KEY CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Several knowledge gaps as well as race differences were identified in women's perceptions and intentions toward weight gain, physical activity, and nutrition during pregnancy. Future interventions should seek to educate women about common misperceptions. It may be necessary to culturally tailor gestational weight gain interventions to optimise health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara M Whitaker
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Sara Wilcox
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA; Prevention Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
| | - Steven N Blair
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
| | - Russell R Pate
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
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Whitaker KM, Wilcox S, Liu J, Blair SN, Pate RR. Pregnant women's perceptions of weight gain, physical activity, and nutrition using Theory of Planned Behavior constructs. J Behav Med 2016; 39:41-54. [PMID: 26335313 PMCID: PMC4753045 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-015-9672-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of women's perceptions of weight gain and related behaviors during pregnancy is necessary to inform behavioral interventions. We used the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to examine pregnant women's perceptions and intentions toward weight gain, physical activity (PA), and nutrition using a mixed methods study design. Women between 20 and 30 weeks gestation (n = 189) were recruited to complete an Internet-based survey. Salient beliefs toward weight gain, PA, and nutrition were captured through open-ended responses and content analyzed into themes. TPB constructs (attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, intentions) were examined using Pearson correlations and hierarchical linear regression models. Salient beliefs were consistent with the existing literature in non-pregnant populations, with the addition of many pregnancy-specific beliefs. TPB constructs accounted for 23-39 % of the variance in weight gain, PA, and nutrition intentions, and made varying contributions across outcomes. The TPB is a useful framework for examining women's weight-related intentions during pregnancy. Study implications for intervention development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara M Whitaker
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Sara Wilcox
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Prevention Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Steven N Blair
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Russell R Pate
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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Champlin S, Walker LO, Mackert M. Gestational Weight Gain Through a Health Literacy Lens: A Scoping Review. J Perinat Educ 2016; 25:242-256. [PMID: 30643371 PMCID: PMC6310904 DOI: 10.1891/1058-1243.25.4.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Few women gain the recommended amount of weight during pregnancy, which has health implications for mothers and their newborns. Work in this area focuses on factors that are difficult to change. The purpose of this project was to review literature on a more patient-centered concept-health literacy. A scoping review was conducted to determine whether aspects of health literacy are included in gestational weight gain (GWG) research. Thirty articles were selected for review. Although these studies included health literacy aspects indirectly, only 2 directly measured health literacy using existing measures. Work that incorporates health literacy in a GWG context is needed. Health literacy may be a critical, yet understudied, factor in understanding why GWG falls outside of the recommendations.
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Preventing excessive weight gain during pregnancy and promoting postpartum weight loss: a pilot lifestyle intervention for overweight and obese African American women. Matern Child Health J 2015; 19:840-9. [PMID: 25051907 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-014-1582-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
To test the feasibility and acceptability of a theory-based lifestyle intervention designed to prevent excessive weight gain during pregnancy and promote weight loss in the early postpartum period in overweight and obese African American women. Sixteen pregnant women (≤18 weeks gestation) were recruited from prenatal clinics in Columbia, South Carolina in 2011 and assigned to a lifestyle intervention program. The intervention, guided by formative research, consisted of an individual counseling session followed by eight group sessions alternated with telephone counseling contacts that continued through 36 weeks of gestation. At 6-8 weeks postpartum, participants received a home visit and up to three counseling calls through week 12. Medical charts were reviewed for 38 contemporary controls who met the same inclusion criteria and attended the same prenatal clinics. Compared to controls, study participants gained less total weight, had a smaller weekly rate of weight gain across the 2nd and 3rd trimesters (0.89 vs. 0.96 lbs), and were less likely to exceed weight gain recommendations (56.3 vs. 65.8 %). At 12 weeks postpartum, study participants retained 2.6 lbs from their prepregnancy weight, half of study participants were at their prepregnancy weight or lower, and only 35 % retained ≥5 lbs. The intervention also demonstrated success in promoting physical activity and reducing caloric intake, and was well-received by participants. The initial results were promising. The lessons learned can help inform future studies. The efficacy of our intervention will be tested in a large randomized controlled trial.
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Widen EM, Whyatt RM, Hoepner LA, Ramirez-Carvey J, Oberfield SE, Hassoun A, Perera FP, Gallagher D, Rundle AG. Excessive gestational weight gain is associated with long-term body fat and weight retention at 7 y postpartum in African American and Dominican mothers with underweight, normal, and overweight prepregnancy BMI. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 102:1460-7. [PMID: 26490495 PMCID: PMC4658466 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.116939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) is associated with postpartum weight retention (PPWR) and abdominal adiposity, but long-term effects are understudied in low-income and minority populations at high risk of obesity and associated sequelae. OBJECTIVE We examined associations between GWG and long-term PPWR and adiposity in a prospective cohort of African American and Dominican mothers in the Bronx and Northern Manhattan. DESIGN Women (n = 302) were enrolled during pregnancy and were followed for 7 y postpartum. Linear regression was used to relate excessive GWG [greater than 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines] to outcomes [percentage body fat and long-term PPWR (change in weight from prepregnancy to 7 y postpartum)], adjusting for covariates and included an interaction term between prepregnancy body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)) and GWG. RESULTS Mean ± SD prepregnancy BMI and total GWG were 25.6 ± 5.8 (42% of women had BMI ≥25) and 16.6 ± 7.8 kg (64% of women had total GWG greater than IOM guidelines), respectively. Associations between GWG and long-term PPWR and the percentage body fat varied by prepregnancy BMI (P-interaction ≤ 0.06); excessive GWG was associated with a higher percentage body fat and greater long-term PPWR in mothers with lower prepregnancy BMI. To illustrate the interaction, a predicted covariate-adjusted model, which was used to derive estimates for the percentage body fat and PPWR associated with excessive GWG, was estimated for 2 prepregnancy BMI examples. For a woman with prepregnancy BMI of 22, excessive GWG was associated with 3.0% higher body fat (P < 0.001) and a 5.6-kg higher PPWR (P < 0.001); however, for a woman with a prepregnancy BMI of 30, excessive GWG was associated with 0.58% higher body fat (P = 0.55) and 2.06 kg PPWR (P = 0.24). CONCLUSIONS Long-term adiposity and PPWR in low-income African American and Dominican mothers were predicted by interacting effects of prepregnancy BMI and excessive GWG. The provision of support for mothers to begin pregnancy at a healthy weight and to gain weight appropriately during pregnancy may have important lasting implications for weight-related health in this population. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00043498.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Widen
- Institute of Human Nutrition, New York Obesity Research Center, Department of Medicine, and Departments of Epidemiology and
| | - Robin M Whyatt
- Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; and Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Lori A Hoepner
- Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; and Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Judyth Ramirez-Carvey
- Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; and Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Sharon E Oberfield
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY; Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Abeer Hassoun
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Frederica P Perera
- Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; and Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Dympna Gallagher
- Institute of Human Nutrition, New York Obesity Research Center, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Andrew G Rundle
- Departments of Epidemiology and Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
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Whitaker KM, Wilcox S, Liu J, Blair SN, Pate RR. Patient and Provider Perceptions of Weight Gain, Physical Activity, and Nutrition Counseling during Pregnancy: A Qualitative Study. Womens Health Issues 2015; 26:116-22. [PMID: 26621605 DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated patient and provider perceptions of weight gain, physical activity, and nutrition counseling during prenatal care visits. METHODS Individual qualitative interviews were conducted with 30 pregnant women between 20 and 30 weeks gestation (15 African American, 15 White) and 11 prenatal care providers (5 attending physicians, 5 residents, 1 nurse practitioner) in 2014. RESULTS The majority of patients and providers reported receiving or giving advice on weight gain (87% and 100%, respectively), physical activity (87% and 91%), and nutrition (100% and 91%) during a prenatal visit. Discussion of counseling content was largely consistent between patients and providers. However, counseling was limited and not fully consistent with current weight gain, physical activity, or dietary guidelines during pregnancy. Most patients viewed provider advice positively, but some wanted more detailed information. Providers discussed many barriers to lifestyle counseling, including lack of time, inadequate training, concern about the sensitivity of the topic, lower education or income level of the patient, cultural differences, and lack of patient interest. CONCLUSIONS Providers discussed weight gain, physical activity, and nutrition during prenatal care visits and patients accurately recalled this advice. However, counseling was limited and not fully consistent with guidelines. Future studies are needed to develop and evaluate the efficacy of interventions to help providers overcome perceived barriers and more effectively counsel women on weight and healthy lifestyles during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara M Whitaker
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
| | - Sara Wilcox
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina; Prevention Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Steven N Blair
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Russell R Pate
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
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Wen T, Lv Y. Inadequate gestational weight gain and adverse pregnancy outcomes among normal weight women in China. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:2881-2886. [PMID: 25932249 PMCID: PMC4402896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the paper is to find the association between inadequate gestational weight gain and pregnancy outcomes in normal weight women in China. METHOD A retrospective study was conducted among 13,776 normal weight pregnant women who received antenatal care and delivered singleton infants at the participating hospital during August, 2009 to July, 2013. Adverse pregnancy outcomes like low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth, birth asphyxia, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission and length of hospital stay were compared and analyzed between two groups with inadequate and adequate gestational weight gain. RESULTS According to the IOM recommendations, inadequate gestational weight gain was found to be 14.7% in this study. Women with inadequate gestational weight gain (GWG) were found to be at a higher risk for LBW (aOR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.75, 2.86) and preterm birth (aOR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.67) than those in the adequate gestational weight gain group, after adjusting for monthly family income, maternal education, occupation, and whether they received any advice regarding benefits of gestational weight gain and residential area. However, inadequate GWG was not associated with longer hospital stay (aOR = 1.13, 95% CI: 0.91-1.43) in adjusted model. In addition, the rate of birth asphyxia and NICU admission were similar in both groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Normal weight pregnant women with GWG below the recommended AIOM 2009 guidelines were found to be at an increased risk of low birth weight and preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyuan Wen
- Neonatal Therapeutic Office, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Jishuitan HospitalBeijing 100035, China
| | - Yanwei Lv
- Clinical Statistics and Epidemiology Research Office, Traumatology and Orthopaedics Research Institute of Beijing & Beijing Jishuitan HospitalBeijing 100035, China
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Abstract
To describe gestational weight gain among Hispanic women and to examine psychological, social, and cultural contexts affecting weight gain. A total of 282 Hispanic women were surveyed post-partum before leaving the hospital. Women were queried about their prepregnancy weight and weight gained during pregnancy. Adequacy of gestational weight gain was based on guidelines set by the Institute of Medicine in 2009. Independent risk factors for excessive or insufficient weight gain were examined by logistic regression. Most women were unmarried (59 %), with a mean age of 28.4 ± 6.6 years and an average weight gain of 27.9 ± 13.3 lbs. Approximately 45 % of women had gained too much, 32 % too little, and only 24 % had an adequate amount of weight gain. The mean birth weight was 7.3, 7.9, and 6.8 lbs among the adequate, excessive, and insufficient weight gain groups. Among women who exercised before pregnancy, two-thirds continued to do so during pregnancy; the mean gestational weight gain of those who continued was lower than those who stopped (26.8 vs. 31.4 lbs, p = 0.04). Independent risk factors for excessive weight gain were being unmarried, U.S. born, higher prepregnancy body mass index, and having indifferent or negative views about weight gain. Independent risk factors for insufficient weight gain were low levels of support and late initiation of prenatal care. Depression, stress, and a woman's or her partner's happiness regarding pregnancy were unrelated to weight gain. The results of this study can be used by prenatal programs to identify Hispanic women at risk for excessive or insufficient gestational weight gain.
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Thomas M, Vieten C, Adler N, Ammondson I, Coleman-Phox K, Epel E, Laraia B. Potential for a stress reduction intervention to promote healthy gestational weight gain: focus groups with low-income pregnant women. Womens Health Issues 2014; 24:e305-11. [PMID: 24794544 DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prepregnancy body mass index and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) are associated with adverse maternal and infant outcomes. Because stress contributes to obesity and eating behaviors, stress reduction interventions during pregnancy may be a novel way to influence GWG, positively affect maternal and infant outcomes, and address the obesity epidemic intergenerationally. METHODS Our research team is developing a mindfulness-based stress reduction and nutrition intervention for low-income, overweight and obese pregnant women, with healthy GWG as the primary outcome measure. To inform development of the intervention, we conducted focus groups with our target population. Focus group transcripts were analyzed for themes related to sources and importance of stress, relationship between stress and eating, and motivation for a stress reduction pregnancy intervention. FINDINGS Fifty-nine low-income pregnant women from the San Francisco Bay Area participated in focus groups and completed a questionnaire. The vast majority of women (80%) reported experiencing significant stress from a variety of sources and most recognized a relationship between stress and eating in their lives. CONCLUSIONS This at-risk population seems to be extremely interested in a stress reduction intervention to support healthy GWG during pregnancy. The women in our groups described high levels of stress and a desire for programs beyond basic dietary recommendations. These findings inform practitioners and policymakers interested in pregnancy as a "window of opportunity" for behavior change that can affect the metabolic and weight trajectory both for women and their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California.
| | - Cassandra Vieten
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California
| | - Nancy Adler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Ingrid Ammondson
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California
| | - Kimberly Coleman-Phox
- Center for Health and Community, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Elissa Epel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Barbara Laraia
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California
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Walker LO, Cheng HR, Brown A. Birth outcomes of Hispanic women and risks or strengths associated with ethnicity and Texas border residence. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2014; 43:422-34. [PMID: 24947021 DOI: 10.1111/1552-6909.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess Hispanic ethnicity, border residence, or their interaction for association with risk of high gestational weight gain (GWG) and related outcomes. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of 2009 birth data. SETTING Texas. PARTICIPANTS Participants included 146,458 Hispanic and 104,399 non-Hispanic (NH) White women. METHODS We used adjusted odds ratios (AOR) in logistic regression analyses to test the association of Hispanic ethnicity, border residence, and their interaction with high GWG, cesarean birth, macrosomia, and breastfeeding status at discharge. RESULTS After adjusting for covariates, risk of inadequate or excessive GWG was not associated with being a border resident, but Hispanic women compared to NH White women had an increased risk of inadequate GWG (AOR = 1.21, 99% confidence interval [CI] [1.17, 1.26]) and decreased risk of excessive GWG (AOR = 0.77, 99% CI [0.74, 0.79]). Risk of cesarean birth was increased for border residents (AOR = 1.22, 99% CI [1.05, 1.42]), and this risk was increased further among border residents who were Hispanic (AOR = 1.52, 99% CI [1.30, 1.77]). CONCLUSION We found strengths and vulnerabilities among Hispanic and border-residing women. Hispanic women were at lower risk of excessive GWG than NH White women. Border-residing Hispanic women were at greater risk of cesarean birth than other women.
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Kirkegaard H, Stovring H, Rasmussen KM, Abrams B, Sørensen TIA, Nohr EA. How do pregnancy-related weight changes and breastfeeding relate to maternal weight and BMI-adjusted waist circumference 7 y after delivery? Results from a path analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 99:312-9. [PMID: 24335054 PMCID: PMC7289327 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.067405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reproduction has been related to long-term maternal weight gain, and changes in fat mass, with gestational weight gain, have been identified as an important contributor. However, the influence of weight changes during the whole reproductive cycle and the modifying effect of breastfeeding are unknown. OBJECTIVE The objective was to examine how prepregnancy weight, gestational weight gain, postpartum weight changes, and breastfeeding influence maternal weight and body mass index-adjusted waist circumference (WCBMI) 7 y after delivery. DESIGN This was a prospective cohort study of 23,701 women participating in the Danish National Birth Cohort with singleton births and no births during follow-up. Path analysis was used to assess the total, direct, and indirect effects; the latter was mediated through weight changes on the pathways. RESULTS Postpartum weight retention at 6 mo and weight gain from 6 to 18 mo postpartum were highly positively associated with both outcomes. A 1-kg increase in weight retention at 6 mo postpartum corresponded to an average increase of 0.5 kg at 7 y. Gestational weight gain was not associated with WCBMI but was positively associated with weight at 7 y; 87% of this effect was mediated through later weight changes. For both outcomes, a small inverse association was observed for breastfeeding duration. This was strongest for WCBMI, for which 97% of the effect was direct, ie, not mediated through postpartum weight. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that postpartum weight retention at 6 mo and weight gain from 6 to 18 mo postpartum contribute equally to adverse maternal anthropometric measures 7 y after delivery. Breastfeeding duration may have a beneficial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Kirkegaard
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology (HK), and the Department of Public Health, Biostatistics (HS), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; the Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (KMR); the Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA (BA); the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (TIAS); the Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospital, Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark (TIAS); and the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark (EAN)
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Bogaerts AFL, Van den Bergh BRH, Witters I, Devlieger R. Anxiety during early pregnancy predicts postpartum weight retention in obese mothers. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:1942-9. [PMID: 23408496 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to describe the weight status of obese mothers 6 months after delivery and examine its relationship to important sociodemographical, behavioral, and psychological variables. DESIGN AND METHODS Postpartum data from an interventional trial in obese pregnant women (n = 197), conducted in three regional hospitals, between March 2008 and June 2012, were available from 150 mothers. Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 29 kg/m2. Predictors were examined from the pregnancy and postpartum period. Descriptive statistics were performed and linear regression models constructed. RESULTS Postpartum weight retention (PPWR) 6 months after delivery ranges from -17 to + 19 kg with a mean of -1.28 kg (SD 6.05). Thirty-nine percent showed PPWR (>0 kg) and 13% of obese mothers reported a high PPWR (≥5 kg). Gestational weight gain (GWG) and psychological discomfort were significantly higher in obese mothers with PPWR compared to those with no or low PPWR. Mean duration of breastfeeding in this cohort of obese mothers was 9.5 weeks (SD 8.7), with 17.3% breastfeeding for at least 6 months. At 6 months after delivery, prepregnancy BMI (β = -0.283; P = 0.001), GWG (β = 0.337; P = 0.001), and maternal trait anxiety in the first trimester of pregnancy (β = 0.255; P = 0.001) were significantly associated with PPWR in obese mothers. CONCLUSION PPWR in obese mothers is associated with psychological discomfort during early pregnancy. Besides the importance of adequate prenatal weight management, focused psychological support should be an important cue to action in obese women, to prevent maternal obesity on the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annick F L Bogaerts
- Department of Healthcare Research, PHL University College, Limburg Catholic University College, Hasselt, Belgium
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27
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Perspectives about and approaches to weight gain in pregnancy: a qualitative study of physicians and nurse midwives. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2013; 13:47. [PMID: 23433216 PMCID: PMC3626918 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2393-13-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Over one third of reproductive age women in the US are obese. Pregnancy is a strong risk factor for obesity, with excess weight gain as the greatest predictor of long term obesity. The majority of pregnant women gain more weight than recommended by the Institute of Medicine guidelines. The objective of this study was to understand prenatal care providers’ perspectives on weight gain during pregnancy. Methods Semi-structured qualitative interviews of 10 prenatal care providers (three family physicians, three obstetricians, and four nurse midwives) at a University Hospital in the Midwest, that included the ranking of important prenatal issues, and open-ended questions addressing: 1) general perceptions; 2) approach with patients; and 3) clinical care challenges. Results Providers felt that appropriate weight gain during pregnancy was not a high priority. Many providers waited until patients had gained excess weight before addressing the issue, were not familiar with established guidelines, and lacked resources for patients. Providers also believed that their counseling had low impact on patients, avoided counseling due to sensitivity of the topic, and believed that patients were more influenced by other factors, such as their family, habits, and culture. Conclusions Both providers and patients may benefit from increased awareness of the morbidity of excess weight gain during pregnancy. Practice-level policies that support the monitoring and management of weight gain during pregnancy could also improve care. Research that further investigates the barriers to appropriate weight gain is warranted.
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