1
|
Roy S, Aung MS, Paul SK, Nasreen SA, Haque N, Mazid R, Khan MS, Barman TK, Arafa P, Sathi FA, Nila SS, Jahan A, Urushibara N, Kawaguchiya M, Ohashi N, Kobayashi N. Genetic characterization of methicillin-resistant / susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA/MSSA) and Staphylococcus argenteus clinical isolates in Bangladesh: Dominance of ST6-MRSA-IV/t304 and detection of cfr/ fexA in ST8-MSSA/t008. IJID REGIONS 2024; 10:132-139. [PMID: 38283056 PMCID: PMC10819717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Coagulase-positive staphylococcus (CoPS), represented by Staphylococcus aureus, is a major cause of infections in humans. This study aimed to investigate molecular epidemiological characteristics, antimicrobial resistance, and their trends of CoPS in Bangladesh. Methods Clinical isolates of CoPS were collected from two medical institutions in Bangladesh for a 2-year period and analyzed for their species, genotypes, virulence factors, antimicrobial susceptibility, and resistance determinants. Results 172 CoPS isolates collected were identified as S. aureus or S. argenteus (170 and two, respectively). Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) accounted for 36% (n = 61), having Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec)-IV (82%) or V (18%). Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes were detected at higher rate in methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) (62%) than MRSA (26%). MRSA comprised 11 STs, including a dominant type ST6 (46%) associated with mostly SCCmec-IVa/spa-t304, and one isolate had genetic features of the USA300 clone (ST8/SCCmec-IVa/coa-IIIa/spa-t008/ACME-I/ΦSa2USA). STs of CC1, CC88, and CC398 were common in MSSA, with CC88 showing the highest PVL-positive rate. One MSSA isolate (ST8/spa-t008) harbored fexA and cfr showing susceptibility to linezolid. S. argenteus was methicillin-susceptible and belonged to ST2250/coa-XId. Conclusions Genetic characteristics of current MRSA/MSSA in Bangladesh were revealed, with first identification of S. argenteus at low prevalence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangjukta Roy
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Meiji Soe Aung
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | - Nazia Haque
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Rummana Mazid
- Department of Microbiology, Bangladesh Institute of Health Sciences (BIHS) General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shahed Khan
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | | | - Parvez Arafa
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Afsana Jahan
- Microbiology Department, Pabna Medical College, Pabna, Bangladesh
| | - Noriko Urushibara
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Kawaguchiya
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobuhide Ohashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shahrokh S, Tabatabaee A, Yazdi M, Siavash M. Proportion of toxin and non-toxin virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from diabetic foot infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:1. [PMID: 38172669 PMCID: PMC10763345 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03142-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus isolates are the leading cause of diabetic foot infections (DFIs). Identification of specific virulence factors of S. aureus involved in the pathogenesis of DFIs may help control the infection more effectively. Since the most prevalent virulence factor genes are probably related to the DFI pathogenesis, the aim of this study is to evaluate the proportion of virulence factor genes of S. aureus isolates from DFIs. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus to identify all articles reporting the proportion of different types of virulence factors of S. aureus isolates from DFI samples. RESULTS Seventeen studies were eligible, in which 1062 S. aureus isolates were obtained from 1948 patients and 2131 DFI samples. Among the toxin virulence factors, hld 100.0% (95% CI: 97.0, 100.0%), hlg 88.0% (95% CI: 58.0, 100.0%), hla 80.0% (95% CI: 31.0, 100.0%), hlgv 79.0% (95% CI: 35.0, 100.0%) and luk-ED 72.0% (95% CI: 42.0, 95.0%) had the highest proportion respectively. Among the genes associated with biofilm formation, both icaA and icaD had the highest proportion 100.0% (95% CI: 95.6, 100.0%). CONCLUSION The results of the present study showed that among the toxin virulence factors, hemolysins (hld, hlg, hla, hlgv) and luk-ED and among the non-toxin virulence factors, icaA and icaD have the greatest proportion in S. aureus isolates from DFIs. These prevalent genes may have the potential to evaluate as virulence factors involved in DFI pathogenesis. Finding these probable virulence factor genes can help control diabetic foot infection more effectively via anti-virulence therapy or preparation of multi-epitope vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Shahrokh
- Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Aliye Tabatabaee
- Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Yazdi
- Child Growth, and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mansour Siavash
- Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ferhaoui N, Tanaka R, Sekizuka T, Kuroda M, Sebaihia M. Whole genome sequencing and pan-genome analysis of Staphylococcus/Mammaliicoccus spp. isolated from diabetic foot ulcers and contralateral healthy skin of Algerian patients. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:342. [PMID: 37974097 PMCID: PMC10652506 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03087-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic foot infections (DFIs) are the most common complications of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), and a significant cause of lower extremity amputation. In this study we used whole genome sequencing to characterize the clonal composition, virulence and resistance genetic determinants of 58 Staphylococcus/Mammaliicoccus spp. isolates from contralateral healthy skin and DFU from 44 hospitalized patients. RESULTS S. aureus (n = 32) and S. epidermidis (n = 10) isolates were recovered from both DFUs and healthy skin, whereas, S. haemolyticus (n = 8), M. sciuri (n = 1), S. hominis (n = 1) and S. simulans (n = 3) were recovered exclusively from healthy skin. In contrast, S. caprae (n = 2) and S. saprophyticus (n = 1) were recovered only from DFUs. Among S. aureus isolates, MRSA were present with high prevalence (27/32, 84.4%), 18 of which (66.7%) were from DFUs and 9 (33.3%) from healthy skin. In contrast, the coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS)/Mammaliicoccus isolates (n = 26), in particular S. epidermidis and S. haemolyticus were more prevalent in healthy skin, (10/26, 38.5%) and (8/26, 30.8%), respectively. MLST, spa and SCCmec typing classified the 32 S. aureus isolates into 6 STs, ST672, ST80, ST241, ST1, ST97, ST291 and 4 unknown STs (STNF); 8 spa types, t044, t037, t3841, t1247, t127, t639, t937 and t9432 and 2 SCCmec types, type IV and type III(A). Among CoNS, the S. epidermidis isolates belonged to ST54, ST35 and ST640. S. haemolyticus belonged to ST3, ST25, ST29, ST1 and ST56. The sole M. sciuri isolate was found to carry an SCCmec type III(A). A wide range of virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance genes were found among our isolates, with varying distribution between species or STs. The pan-genome analysis revealed a highly clonal population of Staphylococcus isolates, particularly among S. aureus isolates. Interestingly, the majority of S. aureus isolates including MRSA, recovered from the healthy skin and DFUs of the same patient belonged to the same clone and exhibited similar virulence/resistance genotype. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides clinically relevant information on the population profile, virulence and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus/Mammaliicoccus spp. in DFIs, which could serve as a basis for further studies on these as well as other groups of pathogens associated with DFIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nerdjes Ferhaoui
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Hassiba Benbouali, Chlef, Algeria
| | - Rina Tanaka
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sekizuka
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuroda
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mohammed Sebaihia
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Hassiba Benbouali, Chlef, Algeria.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ullah A, Khan A, Al-Harrasi A, Ullah K, Shabbir A. Three-Dimensional Structure Characterization and Inhibition Study of Exfoliative Toxin D From Staphylococcus aureus. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:800970. [PMID: 35250557 PMCID: PMC8895341 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.800970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Staphylococcus aureus exfoliative toxins (ETs) are the main toxins that produce staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS), an abscess skin disorder. The victims of the disease are usually newborns and kids, as well as grown-up people. Five ETs namely, exfoliative toxins A, B, C, D, and E have been identified in S. aureus. The three-dimensional (3D) structure of exfoliative toxins A, B, C and E is known, while that of exfoliative toxin D (ETD) is still unknown. In this work, we have predicted the 3D structure of ETD using protein modeling techniques (software used for 3D structure modeling comprising the MODELLER 9v19 program, SWISS-Model, and I-TESSER). The validation of the build model was done using PROCHECK (Ramachandran plot), ERRAT2, and Verify 3D programs. The results from 3D modeling show that the build model was of good quality as indicated by a GMQE score of 0.88 and by 91.1% amino acid residues in the most favored region of the Ramachandran plot, the ERRAT2 quality factor of 90.1%, and a verify3D score of >0.2 for 99.59% of amino acid residues. The 3D structure analysis indicates that the overall structure of ETD is similar to the chymotrypsin-like serine protease fold. The structure is composed of 13 β-strands and seven α-helices that fold into two well-defined six-strand β-barrels whose axes are roughly perpendicular to each other. The active site residues include histidine-97, aspartic acid-147, and serine-221. This represents the first structure report of ETD. Structural comparison with the other ETs shows some differences, particularly in the loop region, which also change the overall surface charge of these toxins. This may convey variable substrate specificity to these toxins. The inhibition of these toxins by natural (2S albumin and flocculating proteins from Moringa oleifera seeds) and synthetic inhibitors (suramin) was also carried out in this study. The results from docking indicate that the inhibitors bind near the C-terminal domain which may restrict the movement of this domain and may halt the access of the substrate to the active site of this enzyme. Molecular dynamic simulation was performed to see the effect of inhibitor binding to the enzyme. This work will further elucidate the structure–function relationship of this enzyme. The inhibition of this enzyme will lead to a new treatment for SSSS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Ullah
- Department of Biosciences COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Anwar Ullah, ; Ahmed Al-Harrasi,
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
- *Correspondence: Anwar Ullah, ; Ahmed Al-Harrasi,
| | - Kifayat Ullah
- Department of Biosciences COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asghar Shabbir
- Department of Biosciences COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tahmasbi F, Sheikhi R, Ashraf A, Mojtahedi A. Biofilm formation and molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from the patients, personnel, air and environment of ICUs. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
6
|
Aung MS, San T, Urushibara N, San N, Oo WM, Soe PE, Kyaw Y, Ko PM, Thu PP, Hlaing MS, Kawaguchiya M, Kobayashi N. Molecular Characterization of Methicillin-Susceptible and -Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Harboring Panton-Valentine Leukocidin-Encoding Bacteriophages in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Myanmar. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 26:360-367. [PMID: 31634037 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is a pore-forming toxin encoded by genes on bacteriophages distributed to Staphylococcus aureus, associated with its increased virulence to humans. In this study, molecular epidemiological characteristics were investigated for 239 clinical isolates of S. aureus collected in a tertiary care hospital in Yangon, Myanmar, particularly with regard to methicillin resistance and PVL genes. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) accounted for 13.8% (33/239) and possessed mostly types IV- and V-SCCmec, while types III- and IX-SCCmec were identified in a few isolates. PVL genes were detected in 66.7% and 28.6% in MRSA and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), respectively. Among PVL-positive MRSA, ST772/SCCmec-V isolates (i.e., Bengal Bay clone) were predominant (73%, 16/22), and harbored PVL gene-encoding bacteriophage ΦSa119. Furthermore, two ST8-MRSA-SCCmec-IVa isolates harbored type-I arginine catabolic mobile element and ΦSa2usa: these isolates were considered the USA300 clone first identified in Myanmar. ΦPVL was the most frequent PVL phage among MSSA (56%, 33/59), and distributed to various genotypes, with ST88 and ST121 being dominant. In contrast, ΦSa2usa and ΦSa119 were also detected in MSSA with genotypes other than ST8 or ST772, suggesting the spread of these PVL phages to MSSA. The present study revealed potentially high prevalence of PVL phages among diverse clones of MRSA and MSSA in Myanmar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiji Soe Aung
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Thida San
- Yangon Children's Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Noriko Urushibara
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nilar San
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine 2, Yangon, Myanmar
| | | | - Pan Ei Soe
- National Health Laboratory, Yangon, Myanmar
| | | | | | - Pyae Phyo Thu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine 2, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Myat Su Hlaing
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine 2, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Mitsuyo Kawaguchiya
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hirose M, Aung MS, Fukuda A, Murata Y, Saitoh M, Kobayashi N. Prevalence and Genetic Characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Isolated from Oral Cavity of Healthy Children in Japan. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 25:400-407. [PMID: 30694723 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevalence and genetic characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and coagulase-negative staphylococci in oral cavity of healthy children were studied in Hokkaido, northern main island of Japan. From saliva of 526 children, a total of 248 staphylococcal isolates comprising S. aureus (n = 143), S. epidermidis (n = 84), S. warneri (n = 13), S. haemolyticus (n = 5), S. hominis (n = 2), and S. intermedius (n = 1) were recovered. Presence of mecA was confirmed in 6.3% of S. aureus, 50% of S. epidermidis, and 7.7% in S. warneri. SCCmec was mostly classified into type IV, and ACME (arginine catabolic mobile element)-arcA was detected in S. epidermidis (23.8%) and S. intermedius. Nine MRSA isolates belonged to staphylocoagulase gene (coa) type Ia, IIa, IIIa, VIIb/sequence type 1 (ST1), ST5, ST8, ST89, ST120, and were negative for PVL (Panton-Valentine leukocidin) genes. These isolates included two clones of emerging community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) that had been described recently in Japan: ST5/SCCmec IVc, which resembles the "Pediatric clone," and ST8/SCCmec IVl belonging to coa-IIIa/agr-I with sasL gene, designated "CA-MRSA/J" clone. Various enterotoxin genes were found in all the MRSA and some methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates examined, while tst-1 was detected in four MRSA isolates. Notably, a variant of elastin-binding protein gene (ebpS-v) was identified in ST120 MRSA and ST45 MSSA isolates, and exfoliative toxin D gene (etd) was detected in an MSSA isolate. The present study revealed the presence of MRSA, including the novel CA-MRSA clones, and high prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis in oral cavity of healthy children in Japan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Hirose
- 1 Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Meiji Soe Aung
- 2 Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fukuda
- 1 Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Yukie Murata
- 1 Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Masato Saitoh
- 1 Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- 2 Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gill AAS, Singh S, Thapliyal N, Karpoormath R. Nanomaterial-based optical and electrochemical techniques for detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a review. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:114. [PMID: 30648216 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-3186-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is responsible for a number of life-threatening complications in humans. Mutations in the genetic sequence of S. aureus due to the presence of certain genes results in resistance against β-lactamases. Thus, there is an urgent need for developing highly sensitive techniques for the early detection of MRSA to counter the rise in resistant strains. This review (142 refs.) extensively covers literature reports on nanomaterial-based optical and electrochemical sensors from the year 1983 to date, with particularly emphasis on recent advances in electrochemical sensing (such as voltammetry and impedimetric) and optical sensing (such as colorimetry and fluorometry) techniques. Among the electrochemical methods, various nanomaterials were employed for the modification of electrodes. Whereas, in optical assays, formats such as enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, lateral flow assays or in optical fiber systems are common. In addition, novel sensing platforms are reported by applying advanced nanomaterials which include gold nanoparticles, nanotitania, graphene, graphene-oxide, cadmium telluride and related quantum dots, nanocomposites, upconversion nanoparticles and bacteriophages. Finally, closing remarks and an outlook conclude the review. Graphical abstract Schematic of the diversity of nanomaterial-based methods for detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). AuNPs: gold nanoparticles; QDs: quantum dots; PVL: Panton-Valentine leukocidin; mecA gene: mec-gene complex encoding methicillin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atal A S Gill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Sima Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Neeta Thapliyal
- Department of Applied Science, Women Institute of Technology, Sudhowala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Rajshekhar Karpoormath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Haque N, Aung MS, Paul SK, Bari MS, Ahmed S, Sarkar SR, Roy S, Nasreen SA, Mahmud MC, Hossain MA, Urushibara N, Kawaguchiya M, Sumi A, Kobayashi N. Molecular Epidemiological Characterization of Methicillin-Susceptible and -Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in Bangladesh. Microb Drug Resist 2018; 25:241-250. [PMID: 30096257 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic background and molecular characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus collected from patients with skin and soft tissue infections were studied in the North-Central region of Bangladesh from 2015 to 2016. Among 430 clinical isolates, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) accounted for 31% having SCCmec type IV (73%) and V (14%), and belonged mostly to coagulase (coa) genotypes IIa, IIIa, IVb, and XIa, while dominant coa type in methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) was IIIa, followed by Va, IIa, and VIa. Panton-Valentine Leukocidin genes (pvl) were detected at higher rate in MSSA (54%) than in MRSA (24%). Based on multilocus sequence typing, pvl-positive MRSA isolates were classified into clonal complex 88 (CC88) (ST88, ST2884, ST4345), CC6 (ST6, ST4350), and CC1 (ST1, ST772), while pvl-negative MRSA into CC5, CC22, CC80, CC121, and CC672. The pvl-negative ST80 MRSA isolates had SCCmec-IVa (agr-III/coa-XIc, etd/edinB-positive, fusB-negative), indicating that they belong to the novel CC80 clade related to the European community-acquired MRSA clone. Among MSSA, genotypes ST121/spa-t645/coa-Va and ST2884 (CC88)/spa-t2393/coa-IIIa were identified in both pvl-positive and negative isolates, and all the ST772 isolates harbored pvl. All the ST121 isolates had a variant of elastin-binding protein gene (ebpS-v) with internal 180-nucleotide deletion. The present study suggested that CC88 (ST88, ST2884) and ST772 are the putative dominant lineages of pvl-positive MRSA/MSSA, while novel CC80 clade is one of the main pvl-negative MRSA lineages distributed endemically in Bangladesh.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Haque
- 1 Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College , Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Meiji Soe Aung
- 2 Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine , Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shyamal Kumar Paul
- 1 Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College , Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shafikul Bari
- 3 Department of Paediatric Surgery, Mymensingh Medical College , Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Salma Ahmed
- 1 Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College , Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Santana Rani Sarkar
- 1 Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College , Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Sangjukta Roy
- 1 Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College , Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | - Noriko Urushibara
- 2 Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine , Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Kawaguchiya
- 2 Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine , Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ayako Sumi
- 2 Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine , Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- 2 Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine , Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ghaznavi-Rad E, Ekrami A. Molecular Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates, Isolated from a Burn Hospital in Southwest Iran in 2006 and 2014. Int J Microbiol 2018; 2018:1423939. [PMID: 29887890 PMCID: PMC5985125 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1423939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is increasing every year, especially in burn patients with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Molecular and epidemiologic studies are useful practices for understanding the relatedness of isolates in a single patient or a hospital. This study aimed at determining molecular characterizations of isolates collected in 2006 and 2014 using S. aureus-specific staphylococcal protein A (Spa) typing and Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS Totally, 71 MRSA isolates were collected during the last two studies (2006 and 2014) from burn patients at Taleghani Burn Centre. After confirmation, all isolates were analysed using MLST and Spa typing methods. RESULTS We reported the emergence of Spa type t021, ST-30-IV MRSA isolates, which were PVL-positive in 14.6% of the cases and t12366, ST-8-IV isolates, which were PVL-negative in 9.8% of the cases. In 2014 study, Spa typing of MRSA isolates revealed five different spa types. Overall, in two studies, t037, ST-239, SCCmec III, and CC8 were predominant clones and they were reported in 63% of the cases. CONCLUSION The predominance of ST-239 in this region during the last eight years is a major concern. It also has a disturbing impact on the management of staphylococcal infections. Moreover, the SCCmec type IV strain is able to disseminate rapidly in hospital environments, demanding an improvement in infection-control policy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehsanollah Ghaznavi-Rad
- Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Alireza Ekrami
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Prevalence and Genetic Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus argenteus Isolates Harboring Panton-Valentine Leukocidin, Enterotoxins, and TSST-1 Genes from Food Handlers in Myanmar. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9080241. [PMID: 28777321 PMCID: PMC5577575 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9080241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymptomatic carriers of toxigenic Staphylococcus aureus are potential source of diseases, including food poisoning. Toxigenic potential and genetic traits of colonizing S. aureus were investigated for 563 healthy food handlers in Myanmar. Carriage of S. aureus was found in 110 individuals (19.5%), and a total of 144 S. aureus isolates were recovered from nasal cavities (110 isolates) and hands (34 isolates). Panton-Valentine leucocidin genes (pvl) were detected in 18 isolates (12.5%), among which 11 isolates were classified into coa-VIa, agr type III, and ST1930 (CC96) that had been also detected in pvl-positive clinical isolates in Myanmar. A pvl-positive, ST2250 nasal isolate was identified as S. argenteus, a novel coagulase-positive staphylococcus species. Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) gene was detected in five pvl-negative isolates. All of the 144 isolates harbored at least one of the 21 enterotoxin(-like) gene(s). The most prevalent enterotoxin(-like) gene was selw (98%), followed by selx (97%), sei (28%), sely (28%), sem (26%), sel (24%), and sea and sec (22% each). Considerable genetic diversity with five groups was detected for selw. The present study revealed the relatively high rate of pvl, as well as the wide distribution of enterotoxin(-like) genes among colonizing S. aureus in Myanmar.
Collapse
|
12
|
Edslev SM, Westh H, Andersen PS, Skov R, Kobayashi N, Bartels MD, Vandenesch F, Petersen A, Worning P, Larsen AR, Stegger M. Identification of a PVL-negative SCCmec-IVa sublineage of the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus CC80 lineage: understanding the clonal origin of CA-MRSA. Clin Microbiol Infect 2017; 24:273-278. [PMID: 28668467 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Community-acquired (CA) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates belonging to clonal complex 80 (CC80) are recognized as the European CA-MRSA. The prevailing European CA-MRSA clone carries a type IVc staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) and expresses Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL). Recently, a significant increase of PVL-negative CC80 MRSA has been observed in Denmark. The aim of this study was to examine their genetics and epidemiology, and to compare them to the European CA-MRSA clone in order to understand the emergence of PVL-negative CC80 MRSA. METHODS Phylogenetic analysis of the CC80 S. aureus lineage was conducted from whole-genome sequences of 217 isolates (23 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus and 194 MRSA) from 22 countries. All isolates were further genetically characterized in regard to resistance determinants and PVL carriage, and epidemiologic data were obtained for selected isolates. RESULTS Phylogenetic analysis revealed the existence of three distinct clades of the CC80 lineage: (a) an methicillin-susceptible S. aureus clade encompassing Sub-Saharan African isolates (n = 13); (b) a derived clade encompassing the European CA-MRSA SCCmec-IVc clone (n = 185); and (c) a novel and genetically distinct clade encompassing MRSA SCCmec-IVa isolates (n = 19). All isolates in the novel clade were PVL negative, but carried remnant parts (8-12 kb) of the PVL-encoding prophage ΦSa2 and were susceptible to fusidic acid and kanamycin/amikacin. Geospatial mapping could link these isolates to regions in the Middle East, Asia and South Pacific. CONCLUSIONS This study reports the emergence of a novel CC80 CA-MRSA sublineage, showing that the CC80 lineage is more diverse than previously assumed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Edslev
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H Westh
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P S Andersen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Division of Pathogen Genomics, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - R Skov
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - M D Bartels
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - F Vandenesch
- International Center for Infectiology Research, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - A Petersen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Worning
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - A R Larsen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Stegger
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Division of Pathogen Genomics, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bhattacharyya D, Banerjee J, Bandyopadhyay S, Mondal B, Nanda PK, Samanta I, Mahanti A, Das AK, Das G, Dandapat P, Bandyopadhyay S. First Report on Vancomycin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusin Bovine and Caprine Milk. Microb Drug Resist 2016; 22:675-681. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2015.0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaydeep Banerjee
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Bimalendu Mondal
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, Kolkata, India
| | - Pramod K. Nanda
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | - Arun K. Das
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, Kolkata, India
| | - Gunjan Das
- College of Veterinary Sciences & A.H, CAU, Aizawl, India
| | - Premanshu Dandapat
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, Kolkata, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pokhrel RH, Aung MS, Thapa B, Chaudhary R, Mishra SK, Kawaguchiya M, Urushibara N, Kobayashi N. Detection of ST772 Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (Bengal Bay clone) and ST22 S. aureus isolates with a genetic variant of elastin binding protein in Nepal. New Microbes New Infect 2016; 11:20-7. [PMID: 27014464 PMCID: PMC4789347 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic characteristics were analysed for recent clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant and -susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA and MSSA respectively) in Kathmandu, Nepal. MRSA isolates harbouring Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes were classified into ST1, ST22 and ST88 with SCCmec-IV and ST772 with SCCmec-V (Bengal Bay clone), while PVL-positive MSSA into ST22, ST30 and ST772. ST22 isolates (PVL-positive MRSA and MSSA, PVL-negative MRSA) possessed a variant of elastin binding protein gene (ebpS) with an internal deletion of 180 bp, which was similar to that reported for ST121 S. aureus previously outside Nepal. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the ebpS variant in ST22 might have occurred independently of ST121 strains. This is the first report of ST772 PVL-positive MRSA in Nepal and detection of the deletion variant of ebpS in ST22 S. aureus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R H Pokhrel
- Genesis Laboratory and Research, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - M S Aung
- Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - B Thapa
- Genesis Laboratory and Research, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - R Chaudhary
- Nepal Army Institute of Health Sciences, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S K Mishra
- Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Aung M, Zi H, Nwe K, Maw W, Aung M, Min W, Nyein N, Kawaguchiya M, Urushibara N, Sumi A, Kobayashi N. Drug resistance and genetic characteristics of clinical isolates of staphylococci in Myanmar: high prevalence of PVL among methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus belonging to various sequence types. New Microbes New Infect 2016; 10:58-65. [PMID: 27257489 PMCID: PMC4877606 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevalence, drug resistance and genetic characteristics were analysed for a total of 128 clinical isolates of staphylococci obtained from a tertiary hospital in Myanmar. The dominant species were S. aureus (39%) and S. haemolyticus (35%), followed by S. epidermidis (6%) and S. saprophyticus (5%). The majority of S. haemolyticus isolates (71.1%) harboured mecA, showing high resistance rates to ampicillin, cephalosporins, erythromycin and levofloxacin, while methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was only 8% (four isolates) among S. aureus with type IV SCCmec. Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes were detected in 20 isolates of S. aureus (40%), among which only one isolate was MRSA belonging to sequence type (ST) 88/agr-III/coa-IIIa, and the other 19 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates were classified into six STs (ST88, ST121, ST1153, ST1155, ST1930, ST3206). An ST1153 MSSA isolate with PVL was revealed to belong to a novel coa type, XIIIa. ST121 S. aureus was the most common in the PVL-positive MSSA (47%, 9/19), harbouring genes of bone sialoprotein and variant of elastin binding protein as a distinctive feature. Although PVL-positive MSSA was susceptible to most of the antimicrobial agents examined, ST1930 isolates were resistant to erythromycin and levofloxacin. ST59 PVL-negative MRSA and MSSA had more resistance genes than other MRSA and PVL-positive MSSA, showing resistance to more antimicrobial agents. This study indicated higher prevalence of mecA associated with multiple drug resistance in S. haemolyticus than in S. aureus, and dissemination of PVL genes to multiple clones of MSSA, with ST121 being dominant, among hospital isolates in Myanmar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M.S. Aung
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - H. Zi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine 2, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - K.M. Nwe
- National Health Laboratory, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - W.W. Maw
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine 2, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - M.T. Aung
- Pathology Department, Microbiology Section, North Okkalapa General Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - W.W. Min
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine Magway, Magway, Myanmar
| | - N. Nyein
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine, Mandalay, Myanmar
| | - M. Kawaguchiya
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - N. Urushibara
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - A. Sumi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - N. Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Corresponding author: N. Kobayashi, Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S-1 W-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rajan V, Schoenfelder SMK, Ziebuhr W, Gopal S. Genotyping of community-associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) in a tertiary care centre in Mysore, South India: ST2371-SCCmec IV emerges as the major clone. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 34:230-5. [PMID: 26044198 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The burden of community-associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is on the rise in population and clinical settings on account of the adaptability and virulence traits of this pathogen. We characterized 45 non-duplicate CA-MRSA strains implicated mainly in skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) in a tertiary care hospital in Mysore, South India. All the isolates were genotyped by staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing, staphylococcal protein A (spa) typing, accessory gene regulator (agr) typing, and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). Four sequence types (STs) belonging to three major clonal complexes (CCs) were identified among the isolates: CC22 (ST2371 and ST22), CC1 (ST772) and CC8 (ST8). The majority (53.3%) of the isolates was of the genotype ST2371-t852-SCCmec IV [sequence type-spa type-SCCmec type], followed by ST22-t852-SCCmec IV (22.2%), ST772-t657-SCCmec V (13.3%) and ST8-t008-SCCmec IV (11.1%). ST237I, a single locus variant of ST22 (EMRSA-15 clone), has not been reported previously from any of the Asian countries. Our study also documents for the first time, the appearance of ST8-SCCmec IV (USA300) strains in India. Representative strains of the STs were further analyzed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). agr typing detected type I or II alleles in the majority of the isolates. All the isolates were positive for the leukotoxin gene, pvl (Panton-Valentine leukocidin) and the staphylococcal enterotoxin gene cluster, egc. Interestingly, multidrug resistance (resistance to ⩾3 classes of non-beta-lactam antibiotics) was observed in 77.8% (n=35) of the isolates. The highest (75.5%) resistance was recorded for ciprofloxacin, followed by erythromycin (53.3%), and quinupristin-dalfopristin (51.1%). Inducible clindamycin-resistance was identified in 37.7% of the isolates and it was attributed to the presence of erm(A), erm(C) and a combination of erm(A) and erm(C) genes. Isolates which showed a phenotypic pattern of M(R)/L(S) (macrolide-resistance/lincosamide-sensitivity) harbored the msr(A) gene. In conclusion, we report a high rate of multidrug resistance among Indian strains of CA-MRSA and the emergence of the lineages ST2371 and ST8 in India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vineeth Rajan
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, India
| | | | - Wilma Ziebuhr
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Shubha Gopal
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, India.
| |
Collapse
|