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Ortega JA, Soares de Aguiar GP, Chandravanshi P, Levy N, Engel E, Álvarez Z. Exploring the properties and potential of the neural extracellular matrix for next-generation regenerative therapies. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1962. [PMID: 38723788 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic and complex network of proteins and molecules that surrounds cells and tissues in the nervous system and orchestrates a myriad of biological functions. This review carefully examines the diverse interactions between cells and the ECM, as well as the transformative chemical and physical changes that the ECM undergoes during neural development, aging, and disease. These transformations play a pivotal role in shaping tissue morphogenesis and neural activity, thereby influencing the functionality of the central nervous system (CNS). In our comprehensive review, we describe the diverse behaviors of the CNS ECM in different physiological and pathological scenarios and explore the unique properties that make ECM-based strategies attractive for CNS repair and regeneration. Addressing the challenges of scalability, variability, and integration with host tissues, we review how advanced natural, synthetic, and combinatorial matrix approaches enhance biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and functional recovery. Overall, this review highlights the potential of decellularized ECM as a powerful tool for CNS modeling and regenerative purposes and sets the stage for future research in this exciting field. This article is categorized under: Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alberto Ortega
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain
| | - Gisele P Soares de Aguiar
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain
| | - Palash Chandravanshi
- Biomaterials for Neural Regeneration Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natacha Levy
- Biomaterials for Neural Regeneration Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Engel
- IMEM-BRT Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, EEBE, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Zaida Álvarez
- Biomaterials for Neural Regeneration Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Huang J, Hu X, Chen Z, Ouyang F, Li J, Hu Y, Zhao Y, Wang J, Yao F, Jing J, Cheng L. Fascin-1 limits myosin activity in microglia to control mechanical characterization of the injured spinal cord. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:88. [PMID: 38600569 PMCID: PMC11005239 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanical softening of the glial scar region regulates axonal regeneration to impede neurological recovery in central nervous system (CNS) injury. Microglia, a crucial cellular component of the glial scar, facilitate neuronal survival and neurological recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the critical mechanical characterization of injured spinal cord that harmonizes neuroprotective function of microglia remains poorly understood. METHODS Spinal cord tissue stiffness was assessed using atomic force microscopy (AFM) in a mouse model of crush injury. Pharmacological depletion of microglia using PLX5622 was used to explore the effect of microglia on mechanical characterization. Conditional knockout of Fascin-1 in microglia (Fascin-1 CKO) alone or in combination with inhibition of myosin activity was performed to delve into relevant mechanisms of microglia regulating mechanical signal. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to evaluate the related protein levels, inflammatory cells, and neuron survival after SCI. The Basso mouse scale score was calculated to assess functional recovery. RESULTS Spinal cord tissue significantly softens after SCI. Microglia depletion or Fascin-1 knockout in microglia limits tissue softening and alters mechanical characterization, which leads to increased tissue pathology and impaired functional recovery. Mechanistically, Fascin-1 inhibits myosin activation to promote microglial migration and control mechanical characterization after SCI. CONCLUSIONS We reveal that Fascin-1 limits myosin activity to regulate mechanical characterization after SCI, and this mechanical signal should be considered in future approaches for the treatment of CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Xuyang Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Zeqiang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Fangru Ouyang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jianjian Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yixue Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yuanzhe Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Fei Yao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China.
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China.
| | - Juehua Jing
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China.
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China.
| | - Li Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China.
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China.
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3
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Jin C, Wang K, Ren Y, Li Y, Wang Z, Cheng L, Xie N. Role of durotomy on function outcome, tissue sparing, inflammation, and tissue stiffness after spinal cord injury in rats. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e530. [PMID: 38576458 PMCID: PMC10993870 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is a lack of effective treatments for spinal cord injury (SCI), a debilitating medical condition associated with enduring paralysis and irreversible neuronal damage. Extradural decompression of osseous as well as soft tissue components has historically been the principal objective of surgical procedures. Nevertheless, this particular surgical procedure fails to tackle the intradural compressive alterations that contribute to secondary SCI. Here, we propose an early intrathecal decompression strategy and evaluate its role on function outcome, tissue sparing, inflammation, and tissue stiffness after SCI. Durotomy surgery significantly promoted recovery of hindlimb locomotor function in an open-field test. Radiological analysis suggested that lesion size and tissue edema were significantly reduced in animals that received durotomy. Relative to the group with laminectomy alone, the animals treated with a durotomy had decreased cavitation, scar formation, and inflammatory responses at 4 weeks after SCI. An examination of the mechanical properties revealed that durotomy facilitated an expeditious restoration of the injured tissue's elastic rigidity. In general, early decompressive durotomy could serve as a significant strategy to mitigate the impairments caused by secondary injury and establish a more conducive microenvironment for prospective cellular or biomaterial transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jin
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of EducationOrthopaedic Department of Tongji HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of OrthopedicsTongren HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Kaiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of EducationOrthopaedic Department of Tongji HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yilong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of EducationOrthopaedic Department of Tongji HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of OrthopedicsShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of EducationOrthopaedic Department of Tongji HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhanwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of EducationOrthopaedic Department of Tongji HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Liming Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of EducationOrthopaedic Department of Tongji HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ning Xie
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of EducationOrthopaedic Department of Tongji HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
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Liu S, Han Y, Kong L, Wang G, Ye Z. Atomic force microscopy in disease-related studies: Exploring tissue and cell mechanics. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:660-684. [PMID: 38063315 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Despite significant progress in human medicine, certain diseases remain challenging to promptly diagnose and treat. Hence, the imperative lies in the development of more exhaustive criteria and tools. Tissue and cellular mechanics exhibit distinctive traits in both normal and pathological states, suggesting that "force" represents a promising and distinctive target for disease diagnosis and treatment. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) holds great promise as a prospective clinical medical device due to its capability to concurrently assess surface morphology and mechanical characteristics of biological specimens within a physiological setting. This review presents a comprehensive examination of the operational principles of AFM and diverse mechanical models, focusing on its applications in investigating tissue and cellular mechanics associated with prevalent diseases. The findings from these studies lay a solid groundwork for potential clinical implementations of AFM. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: By examining the surface morphology and assessing tissue and cellular mechanics of biological specimens in a physiological setting, AFM shows promise as a clinical device to diagnose and treat challenging diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yibo Han
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingwen Kong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Central Hospital of Chongqing University, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- JinFeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiyi Ye
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- JinFeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
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5
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Lozinski BM, Ghorbani S, Yong VW. Biology of neurofibrosis with focus on multiple sclerosis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1370107. [PMID: 38596673 PMCID: PMC11002094 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1370107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue damage elicits a wound healing response of inflammation and remodeling aimed at restoring homeostasis. Dysregulation of wound healing leads to accumulation of effector cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) components, collectively termed fibrosis, which impairs organ functions. Fibrosis of the central nervous system, neurofibrosis, is a major contributor to the lack of neural regeneration and it involves fibroblasts, microglia/macrophages and astrocytes, and their deposited ECM. Neurofibrosis occurs commonly across neurological conditions. This review describes processes of wound healing and fibrosis in tissues in general, and in multiple sclerosis in particular, and considers approaches to ameliorate neurofibrosis to enhance neural recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - V. Wee Yong
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Xuan Y, Peng K, Zhu R, Kang Y, Yin Z. Hmox1 is Identified as a Ferroptosis Hub Gene and Associated with the M1 Type Microglia/Macrophage Polarization in Spinal Cord Injury: Bioinformatics and Experimental Validation. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:7151-7165. [PMID: 37532969 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03543-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis and immune cell infiltration are important pathological events in spinal cord injury (SCI), but links between ferroptosis and immune microenvironment after SCI were rare reported. In our study, 77 FRDEGs were screened at 7 days after SCI. GO analysis of FRDEGs showed that aging (GO:0007568; P-value = 1.11E-05) was the most remarkable enriched for biological process, protein binding (GO:0005515; adjusted P-value = 4.44E-06) was the most significantly enriched for molecular function, cytosol (GO:0005829; adjusted P-value = 1.51E-04) was the most prominent enriched for cellular component. Meanwhile, Ferroptosis was significantly enriched both in KEGG (rno04216; adjusted P-value = 0.001) and GSEA (NES = 1.35; adjusted P-value = 0.004) analysis. Next, Hmox1 (Log2Fold change = 6.52; adjusted P-value = 0.004) was identified as one of hub genes in SCI-induced ferroptosis. In the results of immune cell infiltration analysis, proportion of microglia/macrophage was significantly increased after SCI, and Hmox1 was found to positively correlate to the M1 type microglia/macrophage abundance. Finally, effects of Hmox1 on ferroptosis and M1 type polarization were validated in vivo and in vitro. Summarily, we found that Hmox1 was the hub gene in SCI-induced ferroptosis and associated with the M1 type polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xuan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The second people's hospital of Hefei, 246 Heping Road, Hefei, 230011, China
- The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Kai Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, China
- The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, 64 Chaohu Northern Road, Hefei, 238001, China
| | - Yu Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, China.
| | - Zongsheng Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, China.
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Kwokdinata C, Ramanujam V, Chen J, de Oliveira PN, Nai MH, Chooi WH, Lim CT, Ng SY, David L, Chew SY. Encapsulation of Human Spinal Cord Progenitor Cells in Hyaluronan-Gelatin Hydrogel for Spinal Cord Injury Treatment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:50679-50692. [PMID: 37751213 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Transplanting human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived spinal cord progenitor cells (SCPCs) is a promising approach to treat spinal cord injuries. However, stem cell therapies face challenges in cell survival, cell localization to the targeted site, and the control of cell differentiation. Here, we encapsulated SCPCs in thiol-modified hyaluronan-gelatin hydrogels and optimized scaffold mechanical properties and cell encapsulation density to promote cell viability and neuronal differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Different compositions of hyaluronan-gelatin hydrogels formulated by varying concentrations of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate were mechanically characterized by using atomic force microscopy. In vitro SCPC encapsulation study showed higher cell viability and proliferation with lower substrate Young's modulus (200 Pa vs 580 Pa) and cell density. Moreover, the soft hydrogels facilitated a higher degree of neuronal differentiation with extended filament structures in contrast to clumped cellular morphologies obtained in stiff hydrogels (p < 0.01). When transplanted in vivo, the optimized SCPC-encapsulated hydrogels resulted in higher cell survival and localization at the transplanted region as compared to cell delivery without hydrogel encapsulation at 2 weeks postimplantation within the rat spinal cord (p < 0.01). Notably, immunostaining demonstrated that the hydrogel-encapsulated SCPCs differentiated along the neuronal and oligodendroglial lineages in vivo. The lack of pluripotency and proliferation also supported the safety of the SCPC transplantation approach. Overall, the injectable hyaluronan-gelatin hydrogel shows promise in supporting the survival and neural differentiation of human SCPCs after transplantation into the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy Kwokdinata
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Vaibavi Ramanujam
- CNRS@CREATE, Create Tower #08-01, 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Jiahui Chen
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | | | - Mui Hoon Nai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Wai Hon Chooi
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Shi Yan Ng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Laurent David
- CNRS@CREATE, Create Tower #08-01, 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères IMP UMR 5223, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne F69622, France
| | - Sing Yian Chew
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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8
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Manesco C, Saavedra-Villanueva O, Martin M, de Lizaraga J, Varga B, Cloitre T, Gerber YN, Perrin FE, Gergely C. Organization of collagen fibers and tissue hardening: Markers of fibrotic scarring after spinal cord injury in mice revealed by multiphoton-atomic force microscopy imaging. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2023; 53:102699. [PMID: 37572769 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2023.102699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury is a dramatic disease leading to severe motor, sensitive and autonomic impairments. After injury the axonal regeneration is partly inhibited by the glial scar, acting as a physical and chemical barrier. The scarring process involves microglia, astrocytes and extracellular matrix components, such as collagen, constructing the fibrotic component of the scar. To investigate the role of collagen, we used a multimodal label-free imaging approach combining multiphoton and atomic force microscopy. The second harmonic generation signal exhibited by fibrillar collagen enabled to specifically monitor it as a biomarker of the lesion. An increase in collagen density and the formation of more tortuous fibers over time after injury are observed. Nano-mechanical investigations revealed a noticeable hardening of the injured area, correlated with collagen fibers' formation. These observations indicate the concomitance of important structural and mechanical modifications during the fibrotic scar evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta Martin
- L2C, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Béla Varga
- L2C, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Yannick Nicolas Gerber
- MMDN, Univ Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, Montpellier, France; IUF, Intitut Universitaire de, France, Paris
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9
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Malko P, Jia X, Wood I, Jiang LH. Piezo1 channel-mediated Ca 2+ signaling inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of the NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway and generation of TNF-α and IL-6 in microglial cells. Glia 2023; 71:848-865. [PMID: 36447422 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Microglial cells are crucial in maintaining central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis and mediating CNS disease pathogenesis. Increasing evidence supports that alterations in the mechanical properties of CNS microenvironments influence glial cell phenotypes, but the mechanisms regulating microglial cell function remain elusive. Here, we examined the mechanosensitive Piezo1 channel in microglial cells, particularly, how Piezo1 channel activation regulates pro-inflammatory activation and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, using BV2 and primary microglial cells. Piezo1 expression in microglial cells was detected both at mRNA and protein levels. Application of Piezo1 channel activator Yoda1 induced Ca2+ flux to increase intracellular Ca2+ concentration that was reduced by treatment with ruthenium red, a Piezo1 inhibitor, or Piezo1-specific siRNA, supporting that Piezo1 functions as a cell surface Ca2+ -permeable channel. Priming with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced microglial cell activation and production of TNF-α and IL-6, which were inhibited by treatment with Yoda1. Furthermore, LPS priming induced the activation of ERK, p38 MAPKs, and NF-κB. LPS-induced activation of NF-κB, but not ERK and p38, was inhibited by treatment with Yoda1. Yoda1-induced inhibition was blunted by siRNA-mediated depletion of Piezo1 expression and, furthermore, treatment with BAPTA-AM to prevent intracellular Ca2+ increase. Collectively, our results support that Piezo1 channel activation downregulates the pro-inflammatory function of microglial cells, especially production of TNF-α and IL-6, by initiating intracellular Ca2+ signaling to inhibit the NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway. These findings reveal Piezo1 channel activation as a previously unrecognized mechanism regulating microglial cell function, raising an interesting perspective on targeting this molecular mechanism to alleviate neuroinflammation and associated CNS pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa Malko
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Xiaoling Jia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Ian Wood
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Lin-Hua Jiang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, and Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,A4245-Transplantation, Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tours, Tours, France
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10
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Álvarez Z, Ortega JA, Sato K, Sasselli IR, Kolberg-Edelbrock AN, Qiu R, Marshall KA, Nguyen TP, Smith CS, Quinlan KA, Papakis V, Syrgiannis Z, Sather NA, Musumeci C, Engel E, Stupp SI, Kiskinis E. Artificial extracellular matrix scaffolds of mobile molecules enhance maturation of human stem cell-derived neurons. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:219-238.e14. [PMID: 36638801 PMCID: PMC9898161 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technologies offer a unique resource for modeling neurological diseases. However, iPSC models are fraught with technical limitations including abnormal aggregation and inefficient maturation of differentiated neurons. These problems are in part due to the absence of synergistic cues of the native extracellular matrix (ECM). We report on the use of three artificial ECMs based on peptide amphiphile (PA) supramolecular nanofibers. All nanofibers display the laminin-derived IKVAV signal on their surface but differ in the nature of their non-bioactive domains. We find that nanofibers with greater intensity of internal supramolecular motion have enhanced bioactivity toward hiPSC-derived motor and cortical neurons. Proteomic, biochemical, and functional assays reveal that highly mobile PA scaffolds caused enhanced β1-integrin pathway activation, reduced aggregation, increased arborization, and matured electrophysiological activity of neurons. Our work highlights the importance of designing biomimetic ECMs to study the development, function, and dysfunction of human neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaida Álvarez
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - J Alberto Ortega
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain
| | - Kohei Sato
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Ivan R Sasselli
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastián 20014, Spain
| | - Alexandra N Kolberg-Edelbrock
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Ruomeng Qiu
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Kelly A Marshall
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Thao Phuong Nguyen
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Cara S Smith
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Katharina A Quinlan
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Vasileios Papakis
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Zois Syrgiannis
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Nicholas A Sather
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Chiara Musumeci
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Elisabeth Engel
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Samuel I Stupp
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Evangelos Kiskinis
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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11
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Dynamic changes in mechanical properties of the adult rat spinal cord after injury. Acta Biomater 2023; 155:436-448. [PMID: 36435440 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI), a debilitating medical condition that can cause irreversible loss of neurons and permanent paralysis, currently has no cure. However, regenerative medicine may offer a promising treatment. Given that numerous regenerative strategies aim to deliver cells and materials in the form of tissue-engineered therapies, understanding and characterising the mechanical properties of the spinal cord tissue is very important. In this study, we have systematically characterised the spatiotemporal changes in elastic stiffness (elastic modulus, Pa) and viscosity (drop in peak force, %) of injured rat thoracic spinal cord tissues at distinct time points after crush injury using the indentation technique. Our results demonstrate that in comparison with uninjured spinal cord tissue, the injured tissues exhibited lower stiffness (median 3281 Pa versus 9632 Pa; P < 0.001) but demonstrated elevated viscosity (median 80% versus 57%; P < 0.001) at 3 days postinjury. Between 4 and 6 weeks after SCI, the overall viscoelastic properties of injured tissues returned to baseline values. At 12 weeks after SCI, in comparison with uninjured tissue, the injured spinal cord tissues displayed a significant increase in both elasticity (median 13698 Pa versus 9920 Pa; P < 0.001) and viscosity (median 64% versus 58%; P < 0.001). This work constitutes the first quantitative mapping of spatiotemporal changes in spinal cord tissue elasticity and viscosity in injured rats, providing a mechanical basis of the tissue for future studies on the development of biomaterials for SCI repair. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating disease often leading to permanent paralysis. While enormous progress in understanding the molecular pathomechanisms of SCI has been made, the mechanical properties of injured spinal cord tissue have received considerably less attention. This study provides systematic characterization of the biomechanical evolution of rat spinal cord tissue after SCI using a microindentation test method. We find spinal cord tissue behaves significantly softer but more viscous immediately postinjury. As time passes, the lesion site gradually returns to baseline values and then displays pronounced increased viscoelastic properties. As host tissue mechanical properties are a crucial consideration for any biomaterial implanted into central nervous system, our results may have important implications for further studies of SCI repair.
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12
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Fibrotic Scar in CNS Injuries: From the Cellular Origins of Fibroblasts to the Molecular Processes of Fibrotic Scar Formation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152371. [PMID: 35954214 PMCID: PMC9367779 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) trauma activates a persistent repair response that leads to fibrotic scar formation within the lesion. This scarring is similar to other organ fibrosis in many ways; however, the unique features of the CNS differentiate it from other organs. In this review, we discuss fibrotic scar formation in CNS trauma, including the cellular origins of fibroblasts, the mechanism of fibrotic scar formation following an injury, as well as the implication of the fibrotic scar in CNS tissue remodeling and regeneration. While discussing the shared features of CNS fibrotic scar and fibrosis outside the CNS, we highlight their differences and discuss therapeutic targets that may enhance regeneration in the CNS.
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13
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Jin C, Zhu R, Xu ML, Zheng LD, Zeng HZ, Xie N, Cheng LM. Effect of Velocity and Contact Stress Area on the Dynamic Behavior of the Spinal Cord Under Different Testing Conditions. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:762555. [PMID: 35309983 PMCID: PMC8931460 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.762555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the dynamic behavior of the spinal cord under different testing conditions is critical for our understanding of biomechanical mechanisms of spinal cord injury. Although velocity and contact stress area are known to affect external mechanical stress or energy upon sudden traumatic injury, quantitative investigation of the two clinically relevant biomechanical variables is limited. Here, freshly excised rat spinal-cord–pia-arachnoid constructs were tested through indentation using indenters of different sizes (radii: 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 mm) at various loading rates ranging from 0.04 to 0.20 mm/s. This analysis found that the ex vivo specimen displayed significant nonlinear viscoelasticity at <10% of specimen thickness depth magnitudes. At higher velocity and larger contact stress area, the cord withstood a higher peak load and exhibited more sensitive mechanical relaxation responses (i.e., increasing amplitude and speed of the drop in peak load). Additionally, the cord became stiffer (i.e., increasing elastic modulus) and softer (i.e., decreasing elastic modulus) at a higher velocity and larger contact stress area, respectively. These findings will improve our understanding of the real-time complex biomechanics involved in traumatic spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ning Xie
- *Correspondence: Ning Xie, ; Li-ming Cheng,
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14
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Kostallari E, Wei B, Sicard D, Li J, Cooper SA, Gao J, Dehankar M, Li Y, Cao S, Yin M, Tschumperlin DJ, Shah VH. Stiffness is associated with hepatic stellate cell heterogeneity during liver fibrosis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 322:G234-G246. [PMID: 34941452 PMCID: PMC8793867 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00254.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The fibrogenic wound-healing response in liver increases stiffness. Stiffness mechanotransduction, in turn, amplifies fibrogenesis. Here, we aimed to understand the distribution of stiffness in fibrotic liver, how it impacts hepatic stellate cell (HSC) heterogeneity, and identify mechanisms by which stiffness amplifies fibrogenic responses. Magnetic resonance elastography and atomic force microscopy demonstrated a heterogeneous distribution of liver stiffness at macroscopic and microscopic levels, respectively, in a carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) mouse model of liver fibrosis as compared with controls. High stiffness was mainly attributed to extracellular matrix dense areas. To identify a stiffness-sensitive HSC subpopulation, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on primary HSCs derived from healthy versus CCl4-treated mice. A subcluster of HSCs was matrix-associated with the most upregulated pathway in this subpopulation being focal adhesion signaling, including a specific protein termed four and a half LIM domains protein 2 (FHL2). In vitro, FHL2 expression was increased in primary human HSCs cultured on stiff matrix as compared with HSCs on soft matrix. Moreover, FHL2 knockdown inhibited fibronectin and collagen 1 expression, whereas its overexpression promoted matrix production. In summary, we demonstrate stiffness heterogeneity at the whole organ, lobular, and cellular level, which drives an amplification loop of fibrogenesis through specific focal adhesion molecular pathways.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The fibrogenic wound-healing response in liver increases stiffness. Here, macro and microheterogeneity of liver stiffness correlate with HSC heterogeneity in a hepatic fibrosis mouse model. Fibrogenic HSCs localized in stiff collagen-high areas upregulate the expression of focal adhesion molecule FHL2, which, in turn, promotes extracellular matrix protein expression. These results demonstrate that stiffness heterogeneity at the whole organ, lobular, and cellular level drives an amplification loop of fibrogenesis through specific focal adhesion molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enis Kostallari
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Bo Wei
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota,2Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Delphine Sicard
- 3Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jiahui Li
- 4Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Shawna A. Cooper
- 5Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jinhang Gao
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota,2Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mrunal Dehankar
- 6Division of Computational Biology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ying Li
- 6Division of Computational Biology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sheng Cao
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Meng Yin
- 4Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Vijay H. Shah
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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15
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Ma YH, Shi HJ, Wei QS, Deng QW, Sun JH, Liu Z, Lai BQ, Li G, Ding Y, Niu WT, Zeng YS, Zeng X. Developing a mechanically matched decellularized spinal cord scaffold for the in situ matrix-based neural repair of spinal cord injury. Biomaterials 2021; 279:121192. [PMID: 34700225 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a promising strategy to repair spinal cord injury (SCI). However, a bioscaffold with mechanical properties that match those of the pathological spinal cord tissue and a pro-regenerative matrix that allows robust neurogenesis for overcoming post-SCI scar formation has yet to be developed. Here, we report that a mechanically enhanced decellularized spinal cord (DSC) scaffold with a thin poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) outer shell may fulfill the requirements for effective in situ neuroengineering after SCI. Using chemical extraction and electrospinning methods, we successfully constructed PLGA thin shell-ensheathed DSC scaffolds (PLGA-DSC scaffolds) in a way that removed major inhibitory components while preserving the permissive matrix. The DSCs exhibited good cytocompatibility with neural stem cells (NSCs) and significantly enhanced their differentiation toward neurons in vitro. Due to the mechanical reinforcement, the implanted PLGA-DSC scaffolds showed markedly increased resilience to infiltration by myofibroblasts and the deposition of dense collagen matrix, thereby creating a neurogenic niche favorable for the targeted migration, residence and neuronal differentiation of endogenous NSCs after SCI. Furthermore, PLGA-DSC presented a mild immunogenic property but prominent ability to polarize macrophages from the M1 phenotype to the M2 phenotype, leading to significant tissue regeneration and functional restoration after SCI. Taken together, the results demonstrate that the mechanically matched PLGA-DSC scaffolds show promise for effective tissue repair after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Huan Ma
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China; Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiocerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, 524023, China; Guangzhou Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510180, PR China
| | - Hui-Juan Shi
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China
| | - Qing-Shuai Wei
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China
| | - Qing-Wen Deng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China
| | - Jia-Hui Sun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China
| | - Zhou Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiocerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, 524023, China
| | - Bi-Qin Lai
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China; Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China
| | - Ge Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China; Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China
| | - Ying Ding
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China; Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China
| | - Wan-Ting Niu
- Department of Orthopedics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yuan-Shan Zeng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China; Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China; Institute of Spinal Cord Injury, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, China
| | - Xiang Zeng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China; Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China; Institute of Spinal Cord Injury, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, China.
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16
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Tonti OR, Larson H, Lipp SN, Luetkemeyer CM, Makam M, Vargas D, Wilcox SM, Calve S. Tissue-specific parameters for the design of ECM-mimetic biomaterials. Acta Biomater 2021; 132:83-102. [PMID: 33878474 PMCID: PMC8434955 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex network of biomolecules that mechanically and biochemically directs cell behavior and is crucial for maintaining tissue function and health. The heterogeneous organization and composition of the ECM varies within and between tissue types, directing mechanics, aiding in cell-cell communication, and facilitating tissue assembly and reassembly during development, injury and disease. As technologies like 3D printing rapidly advance, researchers are better able to recapitulate in vivo tissue properties in vitro; however, tissue-specific variations in ECM composition and organization are not given enough consideration. This is in part due to a lack of information regarding how the ECM of many tissues varies in both homeostatic and diseased states. To address this gap, we describe the components and organization of the ECM, and provide examples for different tissues at various states of disease. While many aspects of ECM biology remain unknown, our goal is to highlight the complexity of various tissues and inspire engineers to incorporate unique components of the native ECM into in vitro platform design and fabrication. Ultimately, we anticipate that the use of biomaterials that incorporate key tissue-specific ECM will lead to in vitro models that better emulate human pathologies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Biomaterial development primarily emphasizes the engineering of new materials and therapies at the expense of identifying key parameters of the tissue that is being emulated. This can be partially attributed to the difficulty in defining the 3D composition, organization, and mechanics of the ECM within different tissues and how these material properties vary as a function of homeostasis and disease. In this review, we highlight a range of tissues throughout the body and describe how ECM content, cell diversity, and mechanical properties change in diseased tissues and influence cellular behavior. Accurately mimicking the tissue of interest in vitro by using ECM specific to the appropriate state of homeostasis or pathology in vivo will yield results more translatable to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia R Tonti
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado - Boulder, 1111 Engineering Center, 427 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Hannah Larson
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado - Boulder, 1111 Engineering Center, 427 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Sarah N Lipp
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado - Boulder, 1111 Engineering Center, 427 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Callan M Luetkemeyer
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado - Boulder, 1111 Engineering Center, 427 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Megan Makam
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado - Boulder, 1111 Engineering Center, 427 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Diego Vargas
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado - Boulder, 1111 Engineering Center, 427 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Sean M Wilcox
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado - Boulder, 1111 Engineering Center, 427 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Sarah Calve
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado - Boulder, 1111 Engineering Center, 427 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, United States.
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17
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Al-Habib A, Alhothali W, Albakr A, Elwatidy S, Alawaji G, Alabdulsalam H, Albadr F, Alkubeyyer M, Abu Jamea A, Awwad W, Ullah A, Fakhouri F, Ajlan A. Effects of compressive lesions on intraoperative human spinal cord elasticity. J Neurosurg Spine 2021; 35:807-816. [PMID: 34416718 DOI: 10.3171/2021.1.spine201482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although evaluating tissue elasticity has various clinical applications, spinal cord elasticity (SCE) in humans has never been well documented. In this study, the authors aimed to evaluate the impact of compression on human SCE in vivo. METHODS The authors prospectively assessed SCE using intraoperative shear wave elastography (SWE). All consecutive patients undergoing spinal cord (SC) decompression (laminectomy or corpectomy) between June 2018 and June 2019 were included. After intraoperative exposure of the patient's dura mater, at least three SWE measurements of the SC and its coverings were performed. Intraoperative neurological monitoring in the form of motor and somatosensory evoked potentials was utilized. Cases were divided into two groups based on the state of SC compression following bone removal (laminectomy or corpectomy): patients with adequate decompression (the decompressed SC group [DCG]) following bone removal and patients with remining compression, e.g., compressing tumor or instability (the compressed SC group [COG]). RESULTS A total of 25 patients were included (8 females and 17 males) with a mean age of 48.28 ± 21.47 years. Most cases were degenerative diseases (10 cases) followed by tumors (6 cases), and the compression was observed at cervical (n = 14), thoracic (n = 9), and conus medullaris (n = 2) levels. The COG (6 cases) expressed significantly higher elasticity values, i.e., greater stiffness (median 93.84, IQR 75.27-121.75 kPa) than the decompressed SC in DCG (median 9.35, IQR 6.95-11.22 kPa, p < 0.001). Similarly, the compressed dura mater in the COG was significantly stiffer (mean ± SD 121.83 ± 70.63 kPa) than that in the DCG (29.78 ± 18.31 kPa, p = 0.042). Following SC decompression in COG, SCE values were significantly reduced (p = 0.006; adjusted for multiple comparisons). Intraoperative monitoring demonstrated no worsening from the baseline. CONCLUSIONS The current study is to the authors' knowledge the first to quantitatively demonstrate increased stiffness (i.e., elasticity value) of the human SC and dura mater in response to external compression in vivo. It appears that SCE is a dynamic phenomenon and is reduced following decompression. Moreover, the evaluation of human SCE using the SWE technique is feasible and safe. Information from future studies aiming to further define SCE could be valuable in the early and accurate diagnosis of the compressed SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amro Al-Habib
- 1Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine
| | - Wajda Alhothali
- 1Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine
| | | | - Sherif Elwatidy
- 1Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine
| | - Ghaida Alawaji
- 1Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine
| | | | - Fahad Albadr
- 1Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Anhar Ullah
- 4Department of Cardiac Sciences, King Fahad Cardiac Center, College of Medicine; and
| | - Faisal Fakhouri
- 5Department of Biomedical Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrazag Ajlan
- 1Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine
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18
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Zhou W, Silva M, Feng C, Zhao S, Liu L, Li S, Zhong J, Zheng W. Exosomes derived from human placental mesenchymal stem cells enhanced the recovery of spinal cord injury by activating endogenous neurogenesis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:174. [PMID: 33712072 PMCID: PMC7953814 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02248-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating medical condition that can result in the irreversible loss of sensorimotor function. Current therapies fail to provide an effective recovery being crucial to develop more effective approaches. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) exosomes have been shown to be able to facilitate axonal growth and act as mediators to regulate neurogenesis and neuroprotection, holding great therapeutic potential in SCI conditions. This study aimed to assess the potential of human placental MSC (hpMSC)-derived exosomes on the functional recovery and reactivation of endogenous neurogenesis in an experimental animal model of SCI and to explore the possible mechanisms involved. Methods The hpMSC-derived exosomes were extracted and transplanted in an experimental animal model of SCI with complete transection of the thoracic segment. Functional recovery, the expression of neural stem/progenitor cell markers and the occurrence of neurogenesis, was assessed 60 days after the treatment. In vitro, neural stem cells (NSCs) were incubated with the isolated exosomes for 24 h, and the phosphorylation levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), and cAMP response element binding (CREB) proteins were assessed by western blot. Results Exosomes were successfully isolated and purified from hpMSCs. Intravenous injections of these purified exosomes significantly improved the locomotor activity and bladder dysfunction of SCI animals. Further study of the exosomes’ therapeutic action revealed that hpMSC-derived exosomes promoted the activation of proliferating endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells as denoted by the significant increase of spinal SOX2+GFAP+, PAX6+Nestin+, and SOX1+KI67+ cells. Moreover, animals treated with exosomes exhibited a significative higher neurogenesis, as indicated by the higher percentage of DCX+MAP 2+ neurons. In vitro, hpMSC-derived exosomes promoted the proliferation of NSCs and the increase of the phosphorylated levels of MEK, ERK, and CREB. Conclusions This study provides evidence that the use of hpMSC-derived exosomes may constitute a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshu Zhou
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Room 4021, Building E12, Taipa, Macau, SAR, China
| | - Marta Silva
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Room 4021, Building E12, Taipa, Macau, SAR, China
| | - Chun Feng
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Shumei Zhao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Room 4021, Building E12, Taipa, Macau, SAR, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Room 4021, Building E12, Taipa, Macau, SAR, China
| | - Jingmei Zhong
- First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Psychiatry Department, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Room 4021, Building E12, Taipa, Macau, SAR, China.
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Bartlett RD, Eleftheriadou D, Evans R, Choi D, Phillips JB. Mechanical properties of the spinal cord and brain: Comparison with clinical-grade biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Biomaterials 2020; 258:120303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Acquired demyelination but not genetic developmental defects in myelination leads to brain tissue stiffness changes. BRAIN MULTIPHYSICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brain.2020.100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Baumann HJ, Mahajan G, Ham TR, Betonio P, Kothapalli CR, Shriver LP, Leipzig ND. Softening of the chronic hemi-section spinal cord injury scar parallels dysregulation of cellular and extracellular matrix content. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 110:103953. [PMID: 32957245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration following spinal cord injury (SCI) is challenging in part due to the modified tissue composition and organization of the resulting glial and fibrotic scar regions. Inhibitory cell types and biochemical cues present in the scar have received attention as therapeutic targets to promote regeneration. However, altered Young's modulus of the scar as a readout for potential impeding factors for regeneration are not as well-defined, especially in vivo. Although the decreased Young's modulus of surrounding tissue at acute stages post-injury is known, the causation and outcomes at chronic time points remain largely understudied and controversial, which motivates this work. This study assessed the glial and fibrotic scar tissue's Young's modulus and composition (scar morphometry, cell identity, extracellular matrix (ECM) makeup) that contribute to the tissue's stiffness. The spatial Young's modulus of a chronic (~18-wks, post-injury) hemi-section, including the glial and fibrotic regions, were significantly less than naïve tissue (~200 Pa; p < 0.0001). The chronic scar contained cystic cavities dispersed in areas of dense nuclei packing. Abundant CNS cell types such as astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons were dysregulated in the scar, while epithelial markers such as vimentin were upregulated. The key ECM components in the CNS, namely sulfated proteoglycans (sPGs), were significantly downregulated following injury with concomitant upregulation of unsulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and hyaluronic acid (HA), likely altering the foundational ECM network that contributes to tissue stiffness. Our results reveal the Young's modulus of the chronic SCI scar as well as quantification of contributing elastic components that can provide a foundation for future study into their role in tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Baumann
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Gautam Mahajan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - Trevor R Ham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Patricia Betonio
- School of Nursing, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Chandrasekhar R Kothapalli
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - Leah P Shriver
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA; Department of Biology, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Nic D Leipzig
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA; Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA.
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