1
|
Marotta BM, Sugaya NN, Hanna R, Gallo CDB. Efficacy of 660 nm Photobiomodulation in Burning Mouth Syndrome Management: A Single-Blind Quasi-Experimental Controlled Clinical Trial. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2024; 42:225-229. [PMID: 38407832 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2023.0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is characterized by a burning sensation of the oral mucosa without any evidence of clinical signs or underlining condition. Several treatment modalities have been utilized with various results and levels of evidence. Lately, photobiomodulation (PBM) has emerged as a noninvasive effective therapy due to its anti-inflammatory and biostimulatory effects, especially the low-power laser setting of red wavelength. Objective: This single-blind quasi-experimental controlled clinical trial aimed to evaluate the PBM effectiveness at a low level of red laser light in patients with BMS compared with sham control. Materials and methods: Thirty patients diagnosed with BMS were consecutively assigned to intervention (PBM therapy) and control (sham) groups. The protocol for PBM dosimetry was as follows: laser 660 nm; spot size: 0.04 cm2; power output: 100 mW; emission mode: continuous wave; power density: 6 J/cm2; irradiation time: 10 sec per point within 1 cm2 surface area of the symptomatic area. The treatment protocol was based on once a week for a total of 10 sessions. Results: Our results showed no statistically significant difference in reduction of pain intensity between the two groups at all the evaluated timepoints during the course of treatment. However, in both groups, we observed a statistically significant reduction of maximum pain intensity of 50% compared with patient-self reporting before the treatment. Conclusions: Further randomized clinical trials to validate our positive results with a large sample size with a long-term follow-up and understanding further the sham placebo effect are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Munhoz Marotta
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry of the Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Norberto Nobuo Sugaya
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry of the Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Reem Hanna
- Department of Oral Surgery, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Dental Sciences, UCL-Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Camila de Barros Gallo
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry of the Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Škrinjar I, Lončar Brzak B, Vidranski V, Vučićević Boras V, Rogulj AA, Pavelić B. Salivary Cortisol Levels and Burning Symptoms in Patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome before and after Low Level Laser Therapy: a Double Blind Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial. Acta Stomatol Croat 2020; 54:44-50. [PMID: 32523156 PMCID: PMC7233125 DOI: 10.15644/asc54/1/5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a disorder which is described as burning sensation of the oral mucosa without pathological changes. Most of the patients have some underlying stressful conditions. Stress induces an increase in secretion of different endocrine glands resulting in higher levels of glucocorticoids. One of the options for treatment of BMS includes low level laser therapy (LLLT). The aim of this research was to determine salivary cortisol levels and intensity of burning symptoms in BMS patients before and after LLLT. Materials and Methods Twenty-three participants were allocated by randomization in two groups: 12 patients in the study group and 11 patients in the placebo group. Cortisol levels in all patients were analyzed from the sample of saliva collected without stimulation. In both groups, the LLLT was performed once a day for ten consecutive days (excluding weekend) with Ga-Al-As light-emitting diode type of laser, with a wavelength of 685nm. In the control group, LLLT was done with inactive laser probe which was only emitting audio signal. The intensity of burning symptoms was measured by a visual analogue scale (VAS). The VAS and unstimulated saliva were measured at baseline and on the last day of the LLLT. A quantitative analysis of saliva was performed using competitive commercial ELISA-kit. Results VAS scores and salivary cortisol levels were significantly lower in both groups after LLLT. Conclusions LLLT can be useful in patients with BMS for reducing burning symptoms and salivary cortisol level. Future studies on a larger number of patients should clarify whether the positive results are an outcome of laser effectiveness or of placebo effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Škrinjar
- Department of Oral Medicine, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Gundulićeva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Božana Lončar Brzak
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gundulićeva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Valentina Vidranski
- Department of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, University Clinical Hospital Sisters of Mercy, Vinogradska cesta 29, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vanja Vučićević Boras
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine University of Zagreb and University Clinical Hospital Zagreb, Gundulićeva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Andabak Rogulj
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gundulićeva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Božidar Pavelić
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb and University Hospital Zagreb, Gundulićeva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kalhori KA, Vahdatinia F, Jamalpour MR, Vescovi P, Fornaini C, Merigo E, Fekrazad R. Photobiomodulation in Oral Medicine. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2019; 37:837-861. [DOI: 10.1089/photob.2019.4706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Farshid Vahdatinia
- Dental Implants Research Center, Dental School of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Jamalpour
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Implants Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Paolo Vescovi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Fornaini
- Group of Applied ElectroMagnetics, Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Laboratoire MicOralIS (Microbiologie Orale, Immunothérapie et Santé) EA7354, UFR d'Odontologie, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Elisabetta Merigo
- Laboratoire MicOralIS (Microbiologie Orale, Immunothérapie et Santé) EA7354, UFR d'Odontologie, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Spanemberg JC, Segura-Egea JJ, Rodríguez-de Rivera-Campillo E, Jané-Salas E, Salum FG, López-López J. Low-level laser therapy in patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome: A double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. J Clin Exp Dent 2019; 11:e162-e169. [PMID: 30805121 PMCID: PMC6383904 DOI: 10.4317/jced.55517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Evaluate the effect of LLLT in the treatment of burning mouth syndrome (BMS). Material and Methods Twenty-one BMS patients were randomly assigned to two groups: 12 in the laser group (LG) and 9 in the control group (CG). Patients in the LG underwent 2-week sessions of LLLT for 4 weeks. The spot tip area of this tool is 0.088cm2, semi-conductor GaAlAs, with a wavelength of 808nm ±5nm (infrared), 200 mW output power, 1.97W/cm2 of power density, 3 J energy per point and application time 15 seconds per point. LLLT was applied punctually, in continuous emissions, on each of the sites where there was a symptom. Symptoms were evaluated with a visual analogue scale (VAS) and patient psychological profiles were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety-Depression Scale. No side effects were recorded. Statistical analysis was carried out via ANOVA and logistic regression analysis. Results The initial VAS score mean was 8.9 for the LG and 8.3 for the CG (p >0.05). After the eighth session the VAS score was 5.5 and 5.8 respectively, and at two months it was 4.7 and 5.1 respectively. Improvement variables were established by dichotomizing the pain scales. We obtained levels of significance for the improvement variable for the LG at the two-month follow-up (p=0.0038) and for the univariate analysis of the treatment. The improvement was marginally significant in the multivariant analysis of: dry mouth, dysgeusia, pain and the treatment (p=0.0538). Conclusions LLLT may be an alternative treatment for the relief of oral burning in patients with BMS. Key words:Burning mouth syndrome, oral pain, laser dentistry, laser therapy, low intensity laser therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana-Cassol Spanemberg
- PhD. Postdoctoral Research Fellow. Specialist in Stomatology and Public Health. Department of Odontoestomatology - Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (School of Dentistry)
| | - Juan-Jose Segura-Egea
- PhD, MD, DDS, Doctor Specialist in Stomatology. Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Seville, Spain
| | | | - Enric Jané-Salas
- MD, DDS, PhD. Doctor, Specialist in Stomatology. Professor of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Barcelona, Spain / Oral Health and Masticatory System Group (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute) IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernanda-Gonçalves Salum
- PhD, Senior Lecturer, School of Dentistry, Oral Medicine Division, São Lucas Hospital, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jose López-López
- Facultative Director and Clinical Head of the Surgical Medical Area of the Odontological Hospital University of Barcelona
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sikora M, Včev A, Siber S, Vučićević Boras V, Rotim Ž, Matijević M. The Efficacy of Low-Level Laser Therapy in Burning Mouth Syndrome - A Pilot Study. Acta Clin Croat 2018; 57:312-315. [PMID: 30431725 PMCID: PMC6531994 DOI: 10.20471/acc.2018.57.02.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY – The aim of this clinical study was to compare low-level laser therapy (LLLT) switched on and switched off in the treatment of burning mouth syndrome (BMS). BMS is a debilitating condition for patients and highly demanding for physicians, characterized by burning symptoms in the oral cavity. Despite extensive research, so far only cognitive behavioral therapy and clonazepam have been proven successful for its treatment in randomized controlled trials. Forty-four patients with BMS were randomly assigned to the study laser group (LLLT) or the sham laser group. LLLT was performed with the GaAlAs laser (830 nm) used in non-contact mode on the site in the mouth where burning symptoms were present; study patients received 10 sessions (10 days). Each participant filled out the visual analog scale (VAS) and oral health impact on the quality of life scale (OHIP-CRO 14) before and after either therapy protocol. There were no significant differences between the groups before and after LLLT (switched on and off) in the quality of life (OHIP CRO 14 scores) (p>0.05). There was significant decrease in pain symptoms (VAS) in both LLLT switched on and LLLT switched off groups (p<0.05). Both LLLT switched on and switched off decreased pain symptoms (VAS) in patients with BMS; however, neither LLLT switched off or switched on improved the OHIP-CRO 14 scores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aleksandar Včev
- School of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Stjepan Siber
- School of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vanja Vučićević Boras
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Željko Rotim
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Matijević
- School of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Valenzuela S, Lopez-Jornet P. Effects of low-level laser therapy on burning mouth syndrome. J Oral Rehabil 2016; 44:125-132. [PMID: 27893167 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
To investigate low-level laser therapy (LLLT) applied to treat burning mouth syndrome (BMS). This prospective, comparative, partially blinded, single-centre, clinical trial of GaAlAs Laser, with 815 nm wavelength, included 44 BMS patients divided randomly into three groups: Group I (n = 16): GaAlAs laser 815 nm wavelength, 1 W output power, continuous emissions, 4 s, 4 J and fluence rate 133·3 J cm-2 ; Group II (n = 16): GaAlAs infrared laser, 815 nm wavelength, 1 W output power, continuous emissions, 6 s, 6 J and fluence rate 200 J cm-2 ; Group III (n = 12) placebo group, sham laser. All groups received a weekly dose for 4 weeks. Pain intensity was recorded using a 10-cm visual analogue scale; patients responded to the oral health impact profile (OHIP-14), xerostomia severity test and the hospital anxiety-depression scale (HAD). These assessments were performed at baseline, 2 and 4 weeks. LLLT decreased pain intensity and improved OHIP-14 scores significantly from baseline to 2 weeks in groups I and II compared with the placebo group. No statistically significant differences were found from 2 to 4 weeks. Overall improvements in visual analogue scale (VAS) scores from baseline to the end of treatment were as follows: Group I 15·7%; Group II 15·6%; Group III placebo 7·3%. LLLT application reduces symptoms slightly in BMS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Valenzuela
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Medicina Oral, Clínica Odontológica Universitária Hospital Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain
| | - P Lopez-Jornet
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Medicina Oral, Clínica Odontológica Universitária Hospital Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain.,Murcia Institute of Bio-Health Research (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
McMillan R, Forssell H, Buchanan JAG, Glenny A, Weldon JC, Zakrzewska JM. Interventions for treating burning mouth syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; 11:CD002779. [PMID: 27855478 PMCID: PMC6464255 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd002779.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a term used for oral mucosal pain (burning pain or discomfort in the tongue, lips or entire oral cavity) without identifiable cause. General population prevalence varies from 0.1% to 3.9%. Many BMS patients indicate anxiety, depression, personality disorders and impaired quality of life (QoL). This review updates the previous versions published in 2000 and 2005. OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness and safety of any intervention versus placebo for symptom relief and changes in QoL, taste, and feeling of dryness in people with BMS. SEARCH METHODS Cochrane Oral Health's Information Specialist searched the following databases: Cochrane Oral Health's Trials Register (to 31 December 2015), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2015, Issue 11) in the Cochrane Library (searched 31 December 2015), MEDLINE Ovid (1946 to 31 December 2015), and Embase Ovid (1980 to 31 December 2015). We searched ClinicalTrials.gov and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform for ongoing trials. We placed no restrictions on the language or date of publication when searching the electronic databases SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing any treatment against placebo in people with BMS. The primary outcomes were symptom relief (pain/burning) and change in QoL. Secondary outcomes included change in taste, feeling of dryness, and adverse effects. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. Outcome data were analysed as short-term (up to three months) or long-term (three to six months). MAIN RESULTS We included 23 RCTs (1121 analysed participants; 83% female). Interventions were categorised as: antidepressants and antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, benzodiazepines, cholinergics, dietary supplements, electromagnetic radiation, physical barriers, psychological therapies, and topical treatments.Only one RCT was assessed at low risk of bias overall, four RCTs' risk of bias was unclear, and 18 studies were at high risk of bias. Overall quality of the evidence for effectiveness was very low for all interventions and all outcomes.Twenty-one RCTs assessed short-term symptom relief. There is very low-quality evidence of benefit from electromagnetic radiation (one RCT, 58 participants), topical benzodiazepines (two RCTs, 111 participants), physical barriers (one RCT, 50 participants), and anticonvulsants (one RCT, 100 participants). We found insufficient/contradictory evidence regarding the effectiveness of antidepressants, cholinergics, systemic benzodiazepines, dietary supplements or topical treatments. No RCT assessing psychological therapies evaluated short-term symptom relief.Four studies assessed long-term symptom relief. There is very low-quality evidence of a benefit from psychological therapies (one RCT, 30 participants), capsaicin oral rinse (topical treatment) (one RCT, 18 participants), and topical benzodiazepines (one RCT, 66 participants). We found no evidence of a difference for dietary supplements or lactoperoxidase oral rinse. No studies assessing antidepressants, anticonvulsants, cholinergics, electromagnetic radiation or physical barriers evaluated long-term symptom relief.Short-term change in QoL was assessed by seven studies (none long-term).The quality of evidence was very low. A benefit was found for electromagnetic radiation (one RCT, 58 participants), however findings were inconclusive for antidepressants, benzodiazepines, dietary supplements and physical barriers.Secondary outcomes (change in taste and feeling of dryness) were only assessed short-term, and the findings for both were also inconclusive.With regard to adverse effects, there is very low-quality evidence that antidepressants increase dizziness and drowsiness (one RCT, 37 participants), and that alpha lipoic acid increased headache (two RCTs, 118 participants) and gastrointestinal complaints (3 RCTs, 138 participants). We found insufficient/contradictory evidence regarding adverse events for anticonvulsants or benzodiazepines. Adverse events were poorly reported or unreported for cholinergics, electromagnetic radiation, and psychological therapies. No adverse events occurred from physical barriers or topical therapy use. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Given BMS' potentially disabling nature, the need to identify effective modes of treatment for sufferers is vital. Due to the limited number of clinical trials at low risk of bias, there is insufficient evidence to support or refute the use of any interventions in managing BMS. Further clinical trials, with improved methodology and standardised outcome sets are required in order to establish which treatments are effective. Future studies are encouraged to assess the role of treatments used in other neuropathic pain conditions and psychological therapies in the treatment of BMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roddy McMillan
- Eastman Dental HospitalDepartment of Oral Medicine and Facial Pain256 Gray's Inn RoadLondonUKWC1X 8LD
| | - Heli Forssell
- University of TurkuOral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of DentistryLemminkäisenkatu 220520TurkuFinland
| | - John AG Buchanan
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryDepartment of Oral MedicineTurner StreetLondonUKE1 2AD
| | - Anne‐Marie Glenny
- The University of ManchesterDivision of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthJR Moore BuildingOxford RoadManchesterUKM13 9PL
| | - Jo C Weldon
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of ManchesterCochrane Oral HealthJR Moore BuildingOxford RoadManchesterUKM13 9PL
| | - Joanna M Zakrzewska
- Eastman Dental HospitalDepartment of Oral Medicine and Facial Pain256 Gray's Inn RoadLondonUKWC1X 8LD
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cui Y, Xu H, Chen FM, Liu JL, Jiang L, Zhou Y, Chen QM. Efficacy evaluation of clonazepam for symptom remission in burning mouth syndrome: a meta-analysis. Oral Dis 2016; 22:503-11. [PMID: 26680638 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - H Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan China
- West China School of Public Health; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - FM Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - JL Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - L Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Y Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - QM Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Spanemberg JC, López López J, de Figueiredo MAZ, Cherubini K, Salum FG. Efficacy of low-level laser therapy for the treatment of burning mouth syndrome: a randomized, controlled trial. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:098001. [PMID: 26359814 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.9.098001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in the treatment of burning mouth syndrome (BMS). A diode laser was used in 78 BMS patients who were randomly assigned into four groups: IR1W, n = 20 (830 nm, 100 mW, 5 J, 176 J/cm2, 50 s, LLLT weekly sessions, 10 sessions); IR3W, n = 20 (830 nm, 100 mW, 5 J, 176 J/cm2, 50 s, three LLLT weekly sessions, 9 sessions); red laser, n = 19 (685 nm, 35 mW, 2 J, 72 J/cm2, 58 s, three LLLT weekly sessions, 9 sessions); and control-group (CG), n = 19. Symptoms were assessed at the end of the treatment and eight weeks later; quality of life related to oral health was assessed using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). Statistical analysis was carried out using repeated measures analysis of variance followed by the posthoc Tukey test. There was significant reduction of the symptoms in all groups at the end of the treatment, which was maintained in the follow-up. The scores of the IR1W and IR3W laser groups differed significantly from those of the CG. There was also a decrease in the OHIP-14 scores in the four groups. The IR3W laser group scores differed significantly from those of the CG. LLLT reduces the symptoms of BMS and may be an alternative therapeutic strategy for the relief of symptoms in patients with BMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Cassol Spanemberg
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul-PUCRS, Oral Medicine Division, Avenida Ipiranga 6690, room 231, CEP 90610-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - José López López
- University of Barcelona: Bellvitge University Campus, Oral Pathology Division, Departament of Odontoestomatology-School of Dentistry, Pabellón de Gobierno C/FeixaLLarga, s/n, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Antonia Zancanaro de Figueiredo
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul-PUCRS, Oral Medicine Division, Avenida Ipiranga 6690, room 231, CEP 90610-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Karen Cherubini
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul-PUCRS, Oral Medicine Division, Avenida Ipiranga 6690, room 231, CEP 90610-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gonçalves Salum
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul-PUCRS, Oral Medicine Division, Avenida Ipiranga 6690, room 231, CEP 90610-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang HW, Huang YF. Treatment of Burning Mouth Syndrome with a Low-Level Energy Diode Laser: Response to Vukoja et al. Photomed Laser Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2011.3064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Wen Yang
- Oral Medicine Center, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
- College of Oral Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Huang
- Oral Medicine Center, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
- College of Oral Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Alajbeg I, Vukoja D, Vučićević Boras V, Brailo V, Alajbeg IZ, Andabak Rogulj A. Response to Yang and Huang. Photomed Laser Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2011.9903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vanja Vučićević Boras
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vlaho Brailo
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iva Z. Alajbeg
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Andabak Rogulj
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|