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Ahrari F, Nazifi M, Mazhari F, Ghazvini K, Menbari S, Fekrazad R, Babaei K, Banihashemrad A. Photoinactivation Effects of Curcumin, Nano-curcumin, and Erythrosine on Planktonic and Biofilm Cultures of Streptococcus mutans. J Lasers Med Sci 2024; 15:e7. [PMID: 38655044 PMCID: PMC11033858 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2024.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: This in vitro study was conducted to assess the phototoxic effects of curcumin, nano-curcumin, and erythrosine on the viability of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in suspension and biofilm forms. Methods: Various concentrations of curcumin (1.5 g/L, 3 g/L), nano-curcumin (3 g/L), and erythrosine (100 μM/L, 250 μM/L) were examined for their impact on planktonic and biofilm cultures of S. mutans, either individually or in conjunction with light irradiation (photodynamic therapy or PDT). A blue light-emitting diode (LED) with a central wavelength of 450 nm served as the light source. The results were compared to 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) as the positive control, and a solution containing neither a photosensitizer (PS) nor a light source as the negative control group. The dependent variable was the number of viable microorganisms per experiment (CFU/mL). Results: Antimicrobial PDT caused a significant reduction in the viability of S. mutans in both planktonic and biofilm forms, compared to the negative control group (P<0.05). The highest cell killing was observed in PDT groups with curcumin 3 g/L or erythrosine 250 μmol/L, although the difference with PDT groups using curcumin 1.5 g/L or erythrosine 100 μmol/L was not significant (P>0.05). Antimicrobial treatments were more effective against planktonic S. mutans than the biofilm form. Conclusion: PDT with either curcumin 1.5 g/L or erythrosine 100 μmol/L may be suggested as an alternative to CHX to inactivate the bacteria in dental plaque or deep cavities. Nano-curcumin, at the selected concentration, exhibited lower efficacy in killing S. mutans compared to Curcumin or erythrosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Ahrari
- Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Morteza Nazifi
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mazhari
- Dental Materials Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kiarash Ghazvini
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shaho Menbari
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research, Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kourosh Babaei
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Banihashemrad
- Department of Restorative, Preventive, and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Montazeri K, Farhadi M, Majdabadi A, Akbarnejad Z, Fekrazad R, Shahbazi A, Mahmoudian S. Photobiomodulation therapy in improvement of harmful neural plasticity in sodium salicylate-induced tinnitus. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296607. [PMID: 38626075 PMCID: PMC11020422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus is a common annoying symptom without effective and accepted treatment. In this controlled experimental study, photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), which uses light to modulate and repair target tissue, was used to treat sodium salicylate (SS)-induced tinnitus in a rat animal model. Here, PBMT was performed simultaneously on the peripheral and central regions involved in tinnitus. The results were evaluated using objective tests including gap pre-pulse inhibition of acoustic startle (GPIAS), auditory brainstem response (ABR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Harmful neural plasticity induced by tinnitus was detected by doublecortin (DCX) protein expression, a known marker of neural plasticity. PBMT parameters were 808 nm wavelength, 165 mW/cm2 power density, and 99 J/cm2 energy density. In the tinnitus group, the mean gap in noise (GIN) value of GPIAS test was significantly decreased indicated the occurrence of an additional perceived sound like tinnitus and also the mean ABR threshold and brainstem transmission time (BTT) were significantly increased. In addition, a significant increase in DCX expression in the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN), dentate gyrus (DG) and the parafloccular lobe (PFL) of cerebellum was observed in the tinnitus group. In PBMT group, a significant increase in the GIN value, a significant decrease in the ABR threshold and BTT, and also significant reduction of DCX expression in the DG were observed. Based on our findings, PBMT has the potential to be used in the management of SS-induced tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoon Montazeri
- The Five Senses Health Institute, ENT and Head and Neck Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farhadi
- The Five Senses Health Institute, ENT and Head and Neck Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Majdabadi
- Dentistry Research Institute, Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zainab Akbarnejad
- The Five Senses Health Institute, ENT and Head and Neck Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Shahbazi
- Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Mahmoudian
- The Five Senses Health Institute, ENT and Head and Neck Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Mosannen Mozaffari P, Delavarian Z, Fekrazad R, Fani Pakdel A, Rashed Mohassel M, Taghi Shakeri M, Ghazi A. Evaluation of the Effect of Photobiomodulation on Radiation-Induced Xerostomia in Head and Neck Cancer Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Lasers Med Sci 2024; 15:e4. [PMID: 38655042 PMCID: PMC11033859 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2024.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: Radiotherapy-induced xerostomia is an important side effect of head and neck cancer (HNC) treatment. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is one of the new emerging methods for preventing or reducing this problem. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of PBM on radiation-induced xerostomia in HNC patients. Methods: Thirty-seven patients with HNC who were referred for radiotherapy to Mashhad cancer center. In the case group, an infrared diode laser was used in contact mode on 16 points (covering minor and major salivary glands). The device emitted a wavelength of 810 nm and operated at the power of 200 mW and continuous wave mode. Each area was irradiated for 4 seconds in contact mode with gentle pressure, and the laser energy was 0.8 J with an energy density of 2.85 J/cm2 at the surface of the probe (spot size, 0.28 cm2 ). The total dose was 45.6 J/cm2. The power density was 714.2 w/cm2. In the control group, the sham laser device was used. Subjective xerostomia was evaluated through the LENT SOMA scale (LSS). Stimulated and unstimulated saliva was also assessed. Data were analyzed with SPSS ver22 statistical software. Results: The study included 26 men and 11 women with a mean age of 55.6±15.3 years. In the sixth week, the case group produced more stimulated saliva than the control group (P=0.006). They also had less subjective xerostomia than the control group in weeks four to six. Conclusion: In the present study, PBM had a preventive effect on stimulated saliva and subjective xerostomia and can be recommended as an adjunctive treatment. Further studies with a higher sample size and the use of a low-level laser in more sessions are needed for definitive comment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Mosannen Mozaffari
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Delavarian
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research, Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Azar Fani Pakdel
- Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Taghi Shakeri
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ala Ghazi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Khorsandi K, Fekrazad R. Skin wound healing in diabetic rat model using low-dose photodynamic therapy. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024. [PMID: 38409884 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Chronic wound is one of the major challenges in medicine and imposes a heavy financial burden on the healthcare of different countries. Diabetic foot ulcers as one of the important examples for chronic wounds can lead to lower limb amputation, disability, and death in diabetics. In this regard, novel technology with low side effects got attention in recent years. Low-dose photodynamic therapy (LDPDT) is one of the noninvasive techniques that can be considered for wound healing in diabetic wounds. In this experiment, we aim to study the effect of LDPDT on diabetic rats' wound healing and compare it to healthy rats. In this in vitro experimental study, 32 male rats were used. Rats in both normal and diabetic (streptozotocin injection) groups after being wounded (two wounds [0.8 × 0.8 cm]) on the back of each rat were randomly divided into four groups, including the control group (without treatment), radiation-only (660 nm-1 J/cm2 ) group, 5-ALA-only (1 µg/mL) group, and LDPDT-recipient group. The procedure has been done for 2 days, and at the end of Days 3, 7, 14, and 21, the wound sample was sent to the histopathology laboratory, and the wound size and tissue indices in these groups were evaluated by histology and microscopy techniques. The impact of low concentrations of 5-ALA and low irradiation energy density in both normal and diabetic rats were positive, which accelerated the wound-healing process as seen in the histology study. In diabetic rats treated with only radiation and LDPDT, the process of epithelial regeneration, collagen production, reduction of mast cells, and production of follicles was more as compared to the normal group. The results suggest that LDPDT can have a positive impact on the diabetic rat model wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khatereh Khorsandi
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Photodynamic, Medical Laser Research Center, YARA Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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Seyyedi SA, Fini MB, Fekrazad R, Abbasian S, Abdollahi AA. Effect of photobiomodulation on postoperative endodontic pain: A systematic review of clinical trials. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2024; 21:7. [PMID: 38425318 PMCID: PMC10899165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This review aims to perform a complete evaluation of the impact of photobiomodulation (PMB) on postoperative endodontic pain. Materials and Methods The PRISMA checklist was used to perform this systematic review. The electronic databases were searched, including Google Scholar, PubMed, and Embase. Sixty-three papers were obtained through a main electronic search and a hand search. Nine trials met the criteria after screening the titles, abstracts, and/or full texts. Results Seven out of nine studies showed that PMB has a significant impact on relieving postoperative endodontic pain, with no statistically significant difference in the severity of pain between the laser and control groups in the two remaining studies. In addition, eight studies showed no adverse effects, indicating that we can remove the adverse effects of drugs such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. However, one study showed evidence of the consequences of PMB application on teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Therefore, it can be concluded that PMB should not be used in teeth with pain because of irreversible pulpitis. Conclusion Although there is some understanding from a cellular viewpoint of the effects of PMB, there is still some uncertainty about whether these cell-level modifications impact reducing the postendodontic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Amir Seyyedi
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease, Dental School, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Reza Fekrazad
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Selda Abbasian
- Research Schoolar, Faculty of Dentistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Amir Ardalan Abdollahi
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Firoozi P, Amiri MA, Soghli N, Farshidfar N, Hakimiha N, Fekrazad R. The Role of Photobiomodulation on Dental-Derived Stem Cells in Regenerative Dentistry: A Comprehensive Systematic Review. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:559-586. [PMID: 35950251 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x17666220810141411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photobiomodulation therapy involves exposing tissues to light sources, including light-emitting diodes or low-level lasers, which results in cellular function modulation. The molecular mechanism of this treatment is revealed, demonstrating that depending on the light settings utilized, it has the potential to elicit both stimulatory and inhibitory reactions. OBJECTIVE The current systematic review aimed to evaluate the impact of photobiomodulation therapy on dental stem cells and provide an evidence-based conclusion in this regard. METHODS This systematic review was performed and reported based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) revised guidelines. PICO(S) components were employed to define the inclusion criteria. Web of Science, Scopus, Medline as well as grey literature, and google scholar were searched up to September 2021 to retrieve relevant papers. RESULTS Photobiomodulation therapy showed promising effects on the proliferation, viability, and differentiation of dental stem cells. This finding was based on reviewing related articles with a low risk of bias. CONCLUSION Despite the positive benefits of photobiomodulation therapy on dental stem cells, the current data do not provide a definitive conclusion on the best physical parameters for enhancing cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parsa Firoozi
- Student Research Committee, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Amiri
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negin Soghli
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Nima Farshidfar
- Orthodontic Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Neda Hakimiha
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Laser Research Centre in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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Hadadgar S, Peimani J, Hassani-Abharian P, Mashayekh M, Peivandi P, Fekrazad R. Comparative Effects of Cognitive Rehabilitation and Photobiomodulation on Drug Craving in Treatment-Seeking Opioid Addicts. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2024; 42:54-65. [PMID: 38252491 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2023.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Drug addiction refers to a maladaptive pattern of drug use that frequently leads to substance abuse problems and accompanying cognitive and behavioral symptoms. Among the crucial criteria of drug addiction, craving stands out as a potent factor contributing to ongoing drug abuse and relapse following period of abstinence. To date, there is no definitive method for eradicating opioid cravings. The introduction of novel neurocognitive interventions, such as cognitive rehabilitation and photobiomodulation (PBM), into the realm of psychiatric treatments holds promise due to the parallels between drug addiction and other psychiatric disorders. These innovative techniques offer potential value in addressing drug addiction. Objective: This study aimed to assess and compare the efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation and PBM in alleviating drug cravings among individuals undergoing addiction treatment in clinical settings. Methods: The research used randomized clinical trial as the chosen research method. The statistical population encompassed all clients receiving treatment for addiction at clinics, selected through the convenience sampling method, with α = 0.05 significance level and an effect size of 85%. Gpower software was utilized to determine three equal groups. Sixty-three participants, each having a mean total score higher than 3 out of 5 on the Desire for Drug Questionnaire (DDQ), were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (n = 21 each) and a control group (n = 21). For the assessment of immediate and periodic opioid craving, the DDQ and the Obsessive Compulsive Drug Use Scale were used. In the low-level laser group, an 810 nm wavelength with continuous irradiation was applied twice a week at a distance of 1 cm by 1 cm to the prefrontal part of the brain for duration of 6 weeks (12 sessions). In the brain rehabilitation group, the stop signal and n-back tasks software were used twice a week for period of 6 weeks (comprising 12 sessions, each lasting 30 min). Results: The results demonstrated that each intervention significantly reduced drug craving in both the post-test and follow-up phases compared to the control group. The Bonferroni post hoc test indicated that PBM was more effective than cognitive rehabilitation in terms of working memory (WM) and inhibitory control for reducing drug craving (p < 0.05). Conclusions: While both PBM and cognitive rehabilitation targeting WM and inhibitory control effectively reduced opioid drug craving, low-level laser therapy proved to be more effective than cognitive rehabilitation in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayena Hadadgar
- Department of Psychology, Karaj Branch of Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Javid Peimani
- Department of Psychology, Karaj Branch of Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Peyman Hassani-Abharian
- Cognitive Psychology and Rehabilitation Department, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (IRICSS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mashayekh
- Department of Psychology, Karaj Branch of Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Parisa Peivandi
- Department of Psychology, Karaj Branch of Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research, Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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Ghane HK, Samiei N, Razavi P, Khaled Y, Fekrazad R. High-Power Laser Application for Immediate Implant Placement in Infected Sites: A Systematic Review. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2023; 41:663-673. [PMID: 38085186 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2023.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to review the literatures regarding the treatment outcomes of applying laser to the infected sites in immediate implant placement. The review tended to primarily target a question: does applying high-power laser have any positive effect on infected sites in immediate implant placement? Background: Although immediate placement of dental implants has been referred to as a predictable and successful procedure, it is prone to the presence of infection that interferes with the healing process, and triggers the failure of implants. Materials and methods: A thorough electronic database search was conducted on PubMed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane library in compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Two writers worked separately on screening the eligible studies, assessing whether there was a risk of bias, and extracting the required data. Results: Five out of the 60 studies nominated by the database search matched the inclusion criteria. The studies were carried out on a total of 192 patients with 296 implants in all. Ultimately, the study focused on 245 implants whose infected bed had been already decontaminated and prepared with the help of the high-intensity laser, used either alone or in combination with other approaches before implantation. With only nine failures, the implants inserted in infected and irradiated areas had a 96.3% overall survival rate. Conclusions: Taking the limitations of the review into account, the authors arrived at the conclusion that high-power laser irradiation can be beneficial for immediate implant placement in infected sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Kaseb Ghane
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Branch, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Samiei
- Department of Periodontics, Dental School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouyan Razavi
- Student Research Committee, Dental Faculty, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasser Khaled
- Department of General Dental Sciences, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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Shahmoradi M, Narimani T, Najafi F, Asadi Y, Fekrazad R. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with dendrosomal curcumin and blue laser against Porphyromonas gingivalis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 44:103825. [PMID: 37797908 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to the loss of tooth-supporting structures. Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of the main pathogens responsible for periodontitis. Because of the limitations of antibiotic use, various alternative approaches have been developed. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy uses photosensitizers and light to eliminate pathogens. Curcumin is a promising photosensitizer, but has low bioavailability and water solubility. However, dendrosomes can efficiently encapsulate curcumin, overcoming these obstacles. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of photodynamic therapy with blue laser and dendrosomal curcumin against Porphyromonas gingivalis. METHODS In this in vitro experiment, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of dendrosomal curcumin was determined using a serial dilution approach. Porphyromonas gingivalis suspensions were subjected to blue laser irradiation (447 nm, output power 100 mW) for 30 to 180 s. Finally, several subMIC dendrosomal curcumin concentrations and blue laser irradiation periods were applied to the bacterial suspensions. The negative control group received no therapy, whereas the positive control group was treated with 0.2% chlorhexidine. Consequently, the colony count of each group was calculated. RESULTS Treatment of Porphyromonas gingivalis with dendrosomal Curcumin at concentrations of 8-250 μg/mL significantly reduced bacterial growth compared to untreated group. 90 second exposure to a blue laser (31.8 J/cm2) completely inhibited the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Blue laser irradiation for 60 s (21.2 J/cm2) markedly reduced bacterial growth but did not completely prevent its survival. Photodynamic therapy using dendrosomal curcumin at concentrations of 2-4 μg/mL and irradiation for 30-90 s resulted in complete eradication of Porphyromonas gingivalis compared to controls (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The reduction in survival of Porphyromonas gingivalis following photodynamic therapy with dendrosomal curcumin and blue laser indicates that this technique could be a useful approach to eradicate Porphyromonas gingivalis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Shahmoradi
- Periodontology Department, Dental faculty, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Narimani
- Department of Microbiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farrokh Najafi
- Biomaterial Engineering Faculty, Amir Kabir University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasin Asadi
- Periodontology Department, Dental faculty, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Science Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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Ahrari F, Mazhari F, Ghazvini K, Fekrazad R, Menbari S, Nazifi M. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against Lactobacillus casei using curcumin, nano-curcumin, or erythrosine and a dental LED curing device. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:260. [PMID: 37946038 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03914-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the photodynamic effects of curcumin, nanomicelle curcumin, and erythrosine on Lactobacillus casei (L. casei). Various concentrations of curcumin (1.5 g/L, 3 g/L), nano-curcumin (3 g/L), and erythrosine (100 µM/L, 250 µM/L) were tested either alone or combined with light irradiation (PDT effect) against L. casei in planktonic and biofilm cultures. The light was emitted from a light-emitting diode (LED) with a central wavelength of 450 nm. A 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) solution served as the positive control, and a solution containing neither photosensitizer nor light was the negative control group. The number of viable microorganisms was determined using serial dilution. There was a significant difference in the viability of L. casei in both planktonic and biofilm forms (P < 0.05). In the planktonic culture, the antibacterial effects of CHX and PDT groups with curcumin 3 g/L and erythrosine 250 µM/L were significantly greater than the other groups (P < 0.05). For L. casei biofilms, the greatest toxic effects were observed in CHX and PDT groups with curcumin 3 g/L, erythrosine 250 µmol/L, erythrosine 100 µmol/L, and nanomicelle curcumin 3 g/L, with a significant difference to other groups (P < 0.05). The antibacterial effects of all photosensitizers (except erythrosine 250 µmol/L at planktonic culture) enhanced significantly when combined with light irradiation (P < 0.05). PDT with curcumin 3 g/L or erythrosine 250 µmol/L produced comparable results to CHX against L. casei at both planktonic and biofilm cultures. Alternatively, PDT with erythrosine 100 µmol/L or nanomicelle curcumin 3 g/L could be suggested to kill L. casei biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Ahrari
- Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Vakilabad Blvd, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Mazhari
- Dental Material Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kiarash Ghazvini
- Department of Microbiology, Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaho Menbari
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Morteza Nazifi
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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11
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Gholami L, Khorsandi K, Fekrazad R. Effect of red and near-infrared irradiation on periodontal ligament stem cells: ROS generation and cell cycle analysis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:10051-10058. [PMID: 36469733 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2152869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reconstruction of lost tooth structures and the periodontium with the help of tissue engineering has found a special place in dentistry in recent years with reports of great therapeutic success. Stem cells from the periodontal ligament have the potential for high differentiation into the bone and periodontal ligament cells and are therefore a suit candidate for regenerative therapies of the periodontium and other tissues. In this regard, the use of photobiomodulation on these cells by light irradiation can be effective in increasing the efficiency of these regenerative methods. The effect of red and near-infrared lasers was investigated in pulsed and continuous modes on the cell viability, ROS production and the cell cycle of Periodontal Ligament Stem cells (PDLSCs) using MTT assay and flowcytometry techniques. The result shows that both red and near-infra-red (NIR) irradiations at 3 J/cm2 maintain cell viability. ROS generation assay indicated that in PDL stem cells irradiated with NIR laser (940 nm), ROS production was greater than in the red (660 nm) irradiated groups. Cell cycle analysis revealed that NIR irradiation can enhance the proportion of S-phase cells and declinedecline the proportion of G1-phase cells compared to the red laser irradiation groups. Moreover, this enhancement was greater in the pulsed group compared to the continuous mode group. Overall, the current study results showed that photobiomodulation can support the cell viability of PDLSCs and could affect the ROS production and cell cycle. This effect was more with 940 nm (NIR) irradiation pulsed mode compared to 660 nm (red).Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Gholami
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Dental Implants Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Khatereh Khorsandi
- Department of Photodynamic, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Science Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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12
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Wang X, Wang L, Fekrazad R, Zhang L, Jiang X, He G, Wen X. Polyphenolic natural products as photosensitizers for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: recent advances and future prospects. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1275859. [PMID: 38022517 PMCID: PMC10644286 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1275859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has become a potent contender in the fight against microbial infections, especially in the context of the rising antibiotic resistance crisis. Recently, there has been significant interest in polyphenolic natural products as potential photosensitizers (PSs) in aPDT, given their unique chemical structures and inherent antimicrobial properties. Polyphenolic natural products, abundant and readily obtainable from natural sources, are generally regarded as safe and highly compatible with the human body. This comprehensive review focuses on the latest developments and future implications of using natural polyphenols as PSs in aPDT. Paramount polyphenolic compounds, including curcumin, hypericin, quercetin, hypocrellin, celastrol, riboflavin, resveratrol, gallic acid, and aloe emodin, are elaborated upon with respect to their structural characteristics, absorption properties, and antimicrobial effects. Furthermore, the aPDT mechanism, specifically its targeted action on microbial cells and biofilms, is also discussed. Polyphenolic natural products demonstrate immense potential as PSs in aPDT, representing a promising alternate approach to counteract antibiotic-resistant bacteria and biofilm-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lian Wang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xian Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gu He
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Wen
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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13
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Maboudi A, Fekrazad R, Shiva A, Salehabadi N, Moosazadeh M, Ehsani H, Yazdani O. Gingivectomy with Diode Laser Versus the Conventional Scalpel Surgery and Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy in Treatment of Orthodontic Treatment-Induced Gingival Enlargement: A Systematic Review. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2023; 41:449-459. [PMID: 37738371 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2023.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective: Some studies support the superiority of diode laser gingivectomy to scalpel surgery and nonsurgical treatments. However, a systematic review on this topic is lacking. This study aimed to compare gingivectomy with diode laser versus the conventional scalpel surgery and nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) in the treatment of orthodontic treatment-induced gingival enlargement (GE). Materials and methods: In this systematic review, an electronic search of the relevant literature was conducted in Web of Science, Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ProQuest with no language restriction. Randomized clinical trials published between 1985 and 2020 on comparative treatment of orthodontic treatment-induced GE by diode laser gingivectomy and scalpel surgery or NSPT regarding intraoperative and postoperative bleeding and/or pain were included. Risk of bias was assessed by the Cochrane 1 tool. Results: Of the initially retrieved 288 articles, 40 were duplicates and excluded; 236 articles were excluded following title and abstract screening, and 5 others were excluded following full-text assessment. Finally, 7 studies underwent systematic review. In the risk-of-bias assessment, 5 studies scored 2, and 2 studies scored 3 out of 6. Intraoperative and postoperative bleeding and pain were found to be significantly lower in the laser group. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this systematic review and with respect to the quality of evidence, the present results revealed lower level of pain and bleeding in diode laser gingivectomy compared with the conventional scalpel surgery and NSPT for treatment of orthodontic treatment-induced GE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avideh Maboudi
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Atena Shiva
- Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dental Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Negareh Salehabadi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahmood Moosazadeh
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hodis Ehsani
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Omid Yazdani
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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14
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Maboudi A, Fekrazad R, Moosazadeh M, Rouhaninezhad H, Mollaei M, Namdar P. Comparing Circumferential Supracrestal Fiberotomy with Surgical Scalpel Versus Photobiomodulation in Orthodontic Relapse Reduction: A Clinical Trial. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2023; 41:408-414. [PMID: 37579132 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2023.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This investigation aimed to compare the efficacy of circumferential supracrestal fiberotomy (CSF) with surgical scalpel, laser CSF, and photobiomodulation for reduction of relapse after orthodontic tooth rotation. Background: Relapse is the tendency of teeth to move back to their preoperative position after removal of orthodontic appliances. Materials and methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 90 rotated teeth at the final stages of fixed orthodontic treatment. The teeth were randomly divided into six groups (n = 15) of (1) control (no intervention), (2) photobiomodulation alone (wavelength of 940 nm, 0.2 W, and 4 J/cm2), (3) conventional CSF, (4) laser CSF (wavelength of 940 nm, 1.5 W, and 4 J/cm2, and power density of 160 mW/cm2), (5) conventional CSF plus photobiomodulation, and (6) laser CSF plus photobiomodulation. Measurements were made on clinical photographs and dental casts using the AutoCAD software. Level of pain of patients was measured within the first 24 h after fiberotomy using a visual analog scale. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test (α = 0.05). Results: The magnitude (p = 0.014) and percentage (p = 0.035) of relapse were significantly different among the six groups, and they were the highest in the control group followed by photobiomodulation alone, laser CSF, conventional CSF, conventional CSF plus photobiomodulation, and finally, laser CSF plus photobiomodulation. Moreover, photobiomodulation plus laser CSF and photobiomodulation plus conventional CSF had significantly different results from the other groups. The six groups had no significant difference in sulcus depth changes, gingival recession (difference in primary and secondary crown height), or pain score (p > 0.05). Conclusions: This study suggests that utilizing photobiomodulation combined with laser CSF or conventional CSF can be effective in reducing relapse. However, further clinical trials are required to support this idea. Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20210621051653N1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Avideh Maboudi
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Moosazadeh
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | | | - Parastoo Namdar
- Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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15
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Montazeri K, Farhadi M, Akbarnejad Z, Asadpour A, Majdabadi A, Fekrazad R, Mahmoudian S. Acoustic and optoacoustic stimulations in auditory brainstem response test in salicylate induced tinnitus. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11930. [PMID: 37488197 PMCID: PMC10366222 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39033-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
As a common debilitating disorder worldwide, tinnitus requires objective assessment. In the auditory brainstem response (ABR) test, auditory potentials can be evoked by acoustic or optoacoustic (induced by laser light) stimulations. In order to use the ABR test in the objective assessment of tinnitus, in this study, acoustic ABR (aABR) and optoacoustic ABR (oABR) were compared in the control and tinnitus groups to determine the changes caused by sodium salicylate (SS)-induced tinnitus in rat. In both aABR and oABR, wave II was the most prominent waveform, and the amplitude of wave II evoked by oABR was significantly higher than that of aABR. Brainstem transmission time (BTT), which represents the time required for a neural stimulation to progress from the auditory nerve ending to the inferior colliculus, was significantly shorter in oABR. In the tinnitus group, there was a significant increase in the threshold of both ABRs and a significant decrease in the amplitude of wave II only in the oABR. Based on our findings, the ABR test has the potential to be used in the assessment of SS-induced tinnitus, but oABR has the advantages of producing more prominent waveforms and significantly reducing the amplitude of wave II in tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoon Montazeri
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Hazrate Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1445613131, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farhadi
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Hazrate Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1445613131, Iran
| | - Zeinab Akbarnejad
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Hazrate Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1445613131, Iran
| | - Abdoreza Asadpour
- Intelligent Systems Research Centre, Ulster University, Derry Campus, Derry~Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Abbas Majdabadi
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Mahmoudian
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Hazrate Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1445613131, Iran.
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16
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Fekrazad R, Gholami GA, Sadr Eshkevari P, Nokhbatolfoghahaei H, Mohaghegh S. Management of recurrent aphthous ulcers with therapeutic Nd:YAG laser, using two different methods. Dent Med Probl 2023; 60:467-472. [PMID: 37796053 DOI: 10.17219/dmp/147048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been applied for the management of craniomaxillofacial disorders, including intraoral wounds, as well as recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) lesions. However, the proper combination of laser features and tissue characteristics remains the major challenge in the realm of photobiomodulation (PBM). OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to assess the feasibility of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser therapy in treating RAS lesions, and to compare 2 techniques, different with regard to the distance between the fiber tip and the ulcer. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 138 patients (94 males and 44 females) with untreated RAS were divided into 3 groups: focused laser (energy density: 48 J/cm2; power density: 0.797 W/cm2; spot size: 0.1256 cm2); defocused laser (energy density: 21 J/cm2; power density: 0.354 W/cm2; spot size: 0.2826 cm2); and placebo. In the focused group, laser irradiation was performed with the laser tip kept 1 mm away from the lesion. Acrylic cylinders were prepared to precisely fit the handpiece tip and hold it in the proper position. In the defocused group, acrylic cylinders were prepared to set the laser tip 6 mm away from the lesion to obtain defocused irradiation. Finally, in the placebo group, a routine laser therapy procedure was carried out with a helium-neon (He-Ne) red light laser. The lesion size, and pain intensity and duration were recorded. RESULTS Photobiomodulation showed a significantly more efficient pain relief as compared to the placebo group (p < 0.001) and also significantly better results in decreasing pain duration (p < 0.001). Besides, the diameter of the lesions in the exposed cases decreased during the 3 consecutive days of the study, while an increase in the diameter of the lesions was noticed in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS The Nd:YAG laser therapy, with the conditions and adjustments of the present study, may be successfully applied to manage RAS lesions, using either focused and defocused scanning techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Pooyan Sadr Eshkevari
- Department of Dentistry, Farzan Institute of Science, Research and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Nokhbatolfoghahaei
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadra Mohaghegh
- Student Research Committee, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Razaghi P, Moradi Haghgou J, Khazaei S, Farhadian N, Fekrazad R, Gholami L. The Effect of Photobiomodulation Therapy on the Stability of Orthodontic Mini-implants in Human and Animal Studies: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Lasers Med Sci 2023; 13:e27. [PMID: 36743132 PMCID: PMC9841378 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2022.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The present study aimed to systematically explore available literature on the possible impact of photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy on the stability and success of orthodontic mini-implants. Methods: A comprehensive electronic search was conducted in PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane and Embase databases for human and animal studies published until July 2021. Two independent researchers reviewed the studies based on specific eligibility criteria. Results: 15 studies were included in the systematic review after a comprehensive search. Ten studies were included in the meta-analysis. Four were human RCT studies that evaluated the stability with Preriotest. Three other human RCT studies and two animal studies had evaluated the Implant stability quotient (ISQ). Two human RCTs that had evaluated displacement of mini-implants were also analyzed. The analysis of Periotest stability results showed a positive effect of PBM on mini-implant stability at 30 and 60 days after implantation (P<0.05). In human studies using the ISQ method, a slight improvement was seen in the PBM groups; however, this was not statistically significant (CI=-1.92-2.70, SMD=0.39). In studies that examined the displacement of mini-implants, no statistically significant difference was observed between irradiated and non-irradiated groups (CI=-1.92-2.70, SMD=0.03). According to the results of animal studies, which had used the ISQ method, the use of laser was statistically effective in increasing the stability of mini-implants (SMD=1.43, CI=1.00-1.85). Conclusion: PBM therapy can be suggested as an adjunctive clinical method to improve the stability of mini-implant treatment. Further well-designed clinical studies can help establish evidence-based dosing and irradiation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parnian Razaghi
- Dental Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Janet Moradi Haghgou
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Hamadan Dental Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Salman Khazaei
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Nasrin Farhadian
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Hamadan Dental Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Gholami
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Dental Implants Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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18
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Shokri A, Moradhaseli H, Fekrazad R, Jazaeri M, Farhadian M. Effect of photobiomodulation therapy with different wavelengths on bone mineral density in osteoporotic rats. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:59. [PMID: 36723764 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03714-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is associated with severe pain, bone deformity, fracture, and bone loss. It is important to find strategies to prevent bone resorption and treat osteoporosis. This study sought to assess the effect of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) with different wavelengths on bone mineral density (BMD) in osteoporotic rats. This animal study evaluated 63 adult female rats. The rats underwent ovariectomy to induce osteoporosis. Ovariectomized rats were randomly divided into 9 groups of control (OC), treatment with zoledronic acid alone (0.02 mg/kg), and treatment with 660 nm, 810 nm, and 940 nm PBMT alone (3 times a week for 6 weeks, energy density of 4 J/cm2), and combined with zoledronic acid. The healthy control group (HC) only underwent sham surgery. The rats underwent cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) 52 days after the first treatment session to measure their BMD according to the gray value (GV) of images. To assess the biomechanical properties of bone, the resected bones were subjected to 3-point bending test (3-PBT). The experimental groups had significant differences with the OC group regarding radiographic and biomechanical properties of bone (P < 0.05), indicating a healing course. No significant difference was noted between the experimental groups treated with different laser wavelengths and those treated with zoledronic acid (P > 0.05). In the condition of this study, it was found that PBMT at a constant energy density of 4 J/cm2 with 660-, 810-, and 940-nm wavelengths is effective for enhancement of bone mineral density and biomechanical properties. No significant difference was noted between different wavelengths of diode laser regarding radiographic and biomechanical properties of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Shokri
- Dental Implants Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research, Network (USERN), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Jazaeri
- Department of Oral Medicine, Dental Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Maryam Farhadian
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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19
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Gholami L, Shahabi S, Jazaeri M, Hadilou M, Fekrazad R. Clinical applications of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in dentistry. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1020995. [PMID: 36687594 PMCID: PMC9850114 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1020995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the emergence of resistant bacterial strains and novel microorganisms that globally threaten human life, moving toward new treatment modalities for microbial infections has become a priority more than ever. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been introduced as a promising and non-invasive local and adjuvant treatment in several oral infectious diseases. Its efficacy for elimination of bacterial, fungal, and viral infections and key pathogens such as Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Candida albicans, and Enterococcus faecalis have been investigated by many invitro and clinical studies. Researchers have also investigated methods of increasing the efficacy of such treatment modalities by amazing developments in the production of natural, nano based, and targeted photosensitizers. As clinical studies have an important role in paving the way towards evidence-based applications in oral infection treatment by this method, the current review aimed to provide an overall view of potential clinical applications in this field and summarize the data of available randomized controlled clinical studies conducted on the applications of aPDT in dentistry and investigate its future horizons in the dental practice. Four databases including PubMed (Medline), Web of Science, Scopus and Embase were searched up to September 2022 to retrieve related clinical studies. There are several clinical studies reporting aPDT as an effective adjunctive treatment modality capable of reducing pathogenic bacterial loads in periodontal and peri-implant, and persistent endodontic infections. Clinical evidence also reveals a therapeutic potential for aPDT in prevention and reduction of cariogenic organisms and treatment of infections with fungal or viral origins, however, the number of randomized clinical studies in these groups are much less. Altogether, various photosensitizers have been used and it is still not possible to recommend specific irradiation parameters due to heterogenicity among studies. Reaching effective clinical protocols and parameters of this treatment is difficult and requires further high quality randomized controlled trials focusing on specific PS and irradiation parameters that have shown to have clinical efficacy and are able to reduce pathogenic bacterial loads with sufficient follow-up periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Gholami
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shiva Shahabi
- Dental Implants Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Jazaeri
- Dental Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Hadilou
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran,*Correspondence: Reza Fekrazad,
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20
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Fekrazad S, Sohrabi M, Fekrazad R. Angiogenetic and anti-inflammatory effects of photobiomodulation on bone regeneration in rat: A histopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular analysis. J Photochem Photobiol B 2023; 238:112599. [PMID: 36493717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Post-surgical bone defects require new alternative approaches for a better healing process. For this matter, photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has been used in order to improve the process of healing, pain, and inflammation reduction and tissue rejuvenation. This study is set to evaluate the effect of PBMT on angiogenic and inflammatory factors for bone regeneration in rat post-surgical cranial defects. Thirty male Wistar rats were distributed accidentally into two groups (Subdivided into 3 groups according to their follow-up durations). During operation, an 8-mm critical-sized calvarial defect was made in each rat. A continuous diode laser was used (power density 100 mW/cm2, wavelength 810 nm, the energy density of 4 J/cm2). Bone samples were assessed histomorphometrically and histologically after hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. ALP, PTGIR, OCN, and IL-1 levels were measured by RT-PCR. VEGF expression was studied by immunohistochemistry analysis. The level of IL-1 expression decreased significantly in the PBMT group compared to the control after 7 days (p < 0.05), while, the PTGIR level was improved significantly compared to the control group after 7 days. Furthermore, levels of OCN and ALP improved after PBM use; however, the alterations were not statistically meaningful (p > 0.05). Evaluation with IHC displayed a significant rise in VEGF expression after 3 days in the PBMT group compared to the control (p > 0.05). In this study's conditions, the results showed a meaningful alteration in osteogenic, inflammatory, and angiogenic mediators in post-surgical calvarial defect following PBMT. It appears that PBM can accelerate angiogenesis in the bone healing procedure which can be helpful in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepehr Fekrazad
- Department of General Surgery, Subdivision of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Sohrabi
- Department of Pediatrics, Dental School, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences - International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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Saghebdoust S, Shafagh SG, Pak N, Fekrazad R, Khadivi M, Faghih Jouibari M, Boustani MR. Role of Percutaneous Laser Disc Decompression in Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation on Pain Relief: A Quasi-Experimental Pilot Study:. Galen Med J 2022; 11:e2382. [PMID: 36698697 PMCID: PMC9838109 DOI: 10.31661/gmj.v11i.2382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Disc herniation is broadly defined as a localized or focal displacement of disc material beyond the limits of the intervertebral disc space. The disc material may be the nucleus, cartilage, fragmented apophyseal bone, annular tissue, or any combination thereof. Laser surgery is one of the treatment modalities for treating patients with lumbar disc herniation. This study aims to examine the effect of Percutaneous Laser Disc Decompression (PLDD) in patients with lumbar disc herniation. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 58 patients who underwent PLDD (optical fiber inserted through an 18G needle, 8 joules, and 8 watts). Individuals were monitored before and after treatment using the comparing visual analog scale (VAS) pain score (from 0 [no pain] to 10 [severe pain]). Results: The mean age of participants was 63.19±13.48 years. Regarding gender, 24 patients (41.4%) were female. The mean VAS score before surgery was 8.73±1.29, and VAS score after surgery was 55.2±2.71, which means pain was significantly reduced (P0.001). Conclusion: The patients' post-PLDD pain may decrease; hence, PLDD can use as an appropriate method for treating lumbar disc herniation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Neda Pak
- Department of Radiology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Khadivi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Faghih Jouibari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Boustani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Neurosurgery, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Birang R, Shakerian K, Birang E, Narimani T, Naghsh N, Fekrazad R. Comparison of antimicrobial effect of several decontaminating methods on contaminated Titanium discs. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2022; 19:111. [PMID: 36605136 PMCID: PMC9807942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Decontaminating the implant surface, exposed to bacterial biofilm, is a concern in the treatment of peri-implant inflammatory disease. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of several methods on reduction of the bacterial load, colonized on the surfaces of titanium discs. Materials and Methods In this in vivo study, seven titanium discs with Sandblasted, Large-grit, acid-etched (SLA) surface were placed in the mouth of each of ten patients with chronic periodontitis by an intra-oral maxillary splint for 24 h. In each patient, the contaminated discs, except for the negative control ones, were randomly treated by one of the six antiseptic methods including sterile normal saline, plastic curette, air polisher, hydrogen peroxide, 980 nm diode laser, and Er-YAG laser. A spectrophotometer was used to measure Optical Density (OD) in case of aerobic microorganisms. Colony-Forming Units (CFUs) were used for anaerobic bacteria. Data were analyzed through Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney Tests at a significance level of α =0.05 by SPSS software. Results Statistical analysis showed a significant decrease in OD of aerobic bacteria among the seven groups during a 0-24 h time interval (P < 0.001). Furthermore, these tests showed a significant difference in the CFU (P < 0.001) for anaerobic bacteria after 48 h. Conclusion The results of this study showed that all of the adopted methods significantly reduced microbial colonies on the surfaces of titanium discs with SLA surface. Er: YAG laser and normal saline had the highest and the lowest effects, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Birang
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kourosh Shakerian
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Kourosh Shakerian, Department of Periodontology, Dental School, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Ehsan Birang
- Periodontist, School of Dentistry, International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Narimani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Narges Naghsh
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Implants Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty-Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Razavi P, Jafari A, Vescovi P, Fekrazad R. Efficacy of Adjunctive Photobiomodulation in the Management of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: A Systematic Review. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2022; 40:777-791. [PMID: 36507770 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2022.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a severe adverse medication response that manifests as progressive bone necrosis in the craniofacial area. There is still no clear treatment protocol for the management of MRONJ. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review to assess the efficacy of photobiomodulation (PBM) as an adjunct to MRONJ therapy. Methods: In line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement, a literature search was performed on PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases. Two examiners examined eligibility and risk of bias separately before extracting data. Results: Two hundred sixty-nine articles were found through electronic search, out of which only 11 met the inclusion criteria and were included in qualitative synthesis (9 retrospectives, 1 prospective, and 1 case series). A total number of 759 patients and a mean age ranging from 54 to 74 years were reviewed. Females were the most frequent gender in all of the selected studies (72% females to 28% males), and the most frequent stage in the studies mentioned above was stage II (66%). Most of the studies had shown a significant improvement when PBM was used as an adjunctive treatment. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, PBM as an adjuvant therapy can significantly improve the outcomes of each treatment plan. However, surgical intervention for the complete healing of the lesions is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouyan Razavi
- Student Research Committee, Dental Faculty, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aryan Jafari
- Student Research Committee, Dental Faculty, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Paolo Vescovi
- Unit of Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Laser therapy, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Center of Dentistry, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,International Network for Photo Medicine and Photodynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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Montazeri K, Farhadi M, Fekrazad R, Chaibakhsh S, Mahmoudian S. Photobiomodulation therapy in mood disorders: a systematic review. Lasers Med Sci 2022; 37:3343-3351. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-022-03641-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Gholami L, Afshar S, Arkian A, Saeidijam M, Hendi SS, Mahmoudi R, Khorsandi K, Hashemzehi H, Fekrazad R. NIR irradiation of human buccal fat pad adipose stem cells and its effect on TRP ion channels. Lasers Med Sci 2022; 37:3681-3692. [PMID: 36227520 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-022-03652-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effect of near infrared (NIR) laser irradiation on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of buccal fat pad-derived stem cells and the role of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels was investigated in the current research. After stem cell isolation, a 940 nm laser with 0.1 W, 3 J/cm2 was used in pulsed and continuous mode for irradiation in 3 sessions once every 48 h. The cells were cultured in the following groups: non-osteogenic differentiation medium/primary medium (PM) and osteogenic medium (OM) groups with laser-irradiated (L +), without irradiation (L -), laser treated + Capsazepine inhibitor (L + Cap), and laser treated + Skf96365 inhibitor (L + Skf). Alizarin Red staining and RT-PCR were used to assess osteogenic differentiation and evaluate RUNX2, Osterix, and ALP gene expression levels. The pulsed setting showed the best viability results (P < 0.05) and was used for osteogenic differentiation evaluations. The results of Alizarin red staining were not statistically different between the four groups. Osterix and ALP expression increased in the (L +) group. This upregulation abrogated in the presence of Capsazepine, TRPV1 inhibitor (L + Cap); however, no significant effect was observed with Skf96365 (L + Skf).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Gholami
- Department of Periodontics, Dental Implants Research Center, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Saeid Afshar
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Aliasghar Arkian
- Dental Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Masood Saeidijam
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Sareh Hendi
- Department of Endodontics, Dental Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Mahmoudi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Khatereh Khorsandi
- Department of Photodynamic, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hadi Hashemzehi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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Robijns J, Nair RG, Lodewijckx J, Arany P, Barasch A, Bjordal JM, Bossi P, Chilles A, Corby PM, Epstein JB, Elad S, Fekrazad R, Fregnani ER, Genot MT, Ibarra AMC, Hamblin MR, Heiskanen V, Hu K, Klastersky J, Lalla R, Latifian S, Maiya A, Mebis J, Migliorati CA, Milstein DMJ, Murphy B, Raber-Durlacher JE, Roseboom HJ, Sonis S, Treister N, Zadik Y, Bensadoun RJ. Photobiomodulation therapy in management of cancer therapy-induced side effects: WALT position paper 2022. Front Oncol 2022; 12:927685. [PMID: 36110957 PMCID: PMC9468822 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.927685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DisclaimerThis article is based on recommendations from the 12th WALT Congress, Nice, October 3-6, 2018, and a follow-up review of the existing data and the clinical observations of an international multidisciplinary panel of clinicians and researchers with expertise in the area of supportive care in cancer and/or PBM clinical application and dosimetry. This article is informational in nature. As with all clinical materials, this paper should be used with a clear understanding that continued research and practice could result in new insights and recommendations. The review reflects the collective opinion and, as such, does not necessarily represent the opinion of any individual author. In no event shall the authors be liable for any decision made or action taken in reliance on the proposed protocols.ObjectiveThis position paper reviews the potential prophylactic and therapeutic effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) on side effects of cancer therapy, including chemotherapy (CT), radiation therapy (RT), and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).BackgroundThere is a considerable body of evidence supporting the efficacy of PBM for preventing oral mucositis (OM) in patients undergoing RT for head and neck cancer (HNC), CT, or HSCT. This could enhance patients’ quality of life, adherence to the prescribed cancer therapy, and treatment outcomes while reducing the cost of cancer care.MethodsA literature review on PBM effectiveness and dosimetry considerations for managing certain complications of cancer therapy were conducted. A systematic review was conducted when numerous randomized controlled trials were available. Results were presented and discussed at an international consensus meeting at the World Association of photobiomoduLation Therapy (WALT) meeting in 2018 that included world expert oncologists, radiation oncologists, oral oncologists, and oral medicine professionals, physicists, engineers, and oncology researchers. The potential mechanism of action of PBM and evidence of PBM efficacy through reported outcomes for individual indications were assessed.ResultsThere is a large body of evidence demonstrating the efficacy of PBM for preventing OM in certain cancer patient populations, as recently outlined by the Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer/International Society of Oral Oncology (MASCC/ISOO). Building on these, the WALT group outlines evidence and prescribed PBM treatment parameters for prophylactic and therapeutic use in supportive care for radiodermatitis, dysphagia, xerostomia, dysgeusia, trismus, mucosal and bone necrosis, lymphedema, hand-foot syndrome, alopecia, oral and dermatologic chronic graft-versus-host disease, voice/speech alterations, peripheral neuropathy, and late fibrosis amongst cancer survivors.ConclusionsThere is robust evidence for using PBM to prevent and treat a broad range of complications in cancer care. Specific clinical practice guidelines or evidence-based expert consensus recommendations are provided. These recommendations are aimed at improving the clinical utilization of PBM therapy in supportive cancer care and promoting research in this field. It is anticipated these guidelines will be revised periodically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien Robijns
- UHasselt, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Raj G. Nair
- Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Oncology, Griffith University, Department of Haematology and Oncology, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, QL, Australia
| | - Joy Lodewijckx
- UHasselt, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Praveen Arany
- School of Dental Medicine, Oral Biology and Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Andrei Barasch
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Medicine and Dentistry, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jan M. Bjordal
- Physiotherapy Research Group, IGS, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Paolo Bossi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Anne Chilles
- Radiotherapy Department, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Patricia M. Corby
- New York University College of Dentistry, Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York, NY, United States
| | - Joel B. Epstein
- City of Hope Duarte, CA and Cedars-Sinai Health System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sharon Elad
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty – Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Marie-Thérèse Genot
- Laser Therapy Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Centre des Tumeurs de l’Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ana M. C. Ibarra
- Postgraduate Program on Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vladimir Heiskanen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ken Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Rajesh Lalla
- Section of Oral Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Sofia Latifian
- Department of Medicine, Institut Jules Bordet, Universiteí Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arun Maiya
- Manipal College of Health Professions, MAHE, Manipal, India
| | - Jeroen Mebis
- UHasselt, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Cesar A. Migliorati
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Dan M. J. Milstein
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Barbara Murphy
- Department of Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Judith E. Raber-Durlacher
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Oral Medicine, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hendrik J. Roseboom
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Oral Medicine, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Stephen Sonis
- Division of Oral Medicine and Dentistry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine; Division of Oral Medicine and Dentistry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nathaniel Treister
- Division of Oral Medicine and Dentistry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine; Division of Oral Medicine and Dentistry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yehuda Zadik
- Department of Military Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel, and Department of Oral Medicine, Sedation and Maxillofacial Imaging, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - René-Jean Bensadoun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre de Haute Energie, Nice, France
- *Correspondence: René-Jean Bensadoun,
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Fekrazad R, Tondnevis F, Abolhasani MM. In-Vitro Evaluation of Novel Polycaprolactone/ Chitosan/ Carbon Nano Tube Scaffold for Tissue Regeneration. J Biomed Phys Eng 2022; 12:395-402. [PMID: 36059279 PMCID: PMC9395625 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.1188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many patients lose their organs or tissues due to disease, trauma, or a variety of genetic disorders. Tissue engineering is a multidisciplinary science to regenerate or restore tissue or organ function and an appropriate scaffold is the first and certainly a crucial step in tissue engineering strategies. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to fabricate and evaluate the in-vitro response of porous nano Polycaprolactone (PCL)/ chitosan/ multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) scaffold for tissue regeneration. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this experimental research, a novel scaffold containing MWCNTs in polycaprolactone/chitosan nanofibrous scaffold was synthesized by electrospinning technique. RESULTS According to scanning electron microscopy SEM images, by increasing the number of MWCNT in the scaffold by 2%, the average diameter decreased significantly for fabricated scaffolds with 5% MWCNTs. Based on the results, the scaffolds plunged from submicron to nanoscale fibers at about 80 nm. In addition, by adding more MWCNT to the nanofibrous scaffold, the biodegradation rate was decreased by 32%. However, mechanical characterization demonstrates that the higher level of MWCNT increases young modulus by 96%, and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay illustrated that MWCNTs could enhance bioactivity and cell- scaffold relationship in addition to alkaline phosphatase (ALP). CONCLUSION MWCNT significantly improves the physical and mechanical properties of fabricated scaffolds and in-vitro assessment demonstrated that the prepared nanofibrous scaffold containing 4% MWCNT could be a very useful biocompatible material for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Fekrazad
- DDS, Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- DDS, International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farbod Tondnevis
- PhD, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Mahdi Abolhasani
- PhD, Department of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials, Materials & Energy Research Center (MERC), Karaj, Iran
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Salari B, Nikparto N, Babaei A, Fekrazad R. Effect of delayed photobiomodulation therapy on neurosensory recovery in patients with mandibular nerve neurotmesis following traumatic mandibular fracture: A randomized triple-blinded clinical trial. J Photochem Photobiol B 2022; 232:112460. [PMID: 35551053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a possibility of neurotmesis of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) in mandibular fractures, which leads to neurosensory impairment. In this study, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in patients with neurotmesis following trauma and mandibular fracture. MATERIALS AND METHODS This triple-blind randomized trial was carried out on patients who suffered neurotmesis of the IAN following mandibular angle and body fracture at least for 6 months. In the intervention group, laser irradiation was applied with a low-level GaAlAs diode laser (continuous wave of 810 nm wavelength, power of 200 mW, and energy density of 12-14 J/cm2). In the control group, the laser probe was turned off and placed on the affected area. LLLT was done for 12 sessions (2 times/week for 6 weeks). Light touch sensations, two-point discrimination, thermal discrimination (cold and warm stimulus), electric pulp test (EPT), and oral health impact profile (OHIP)-14 questionnaire were performed before the intervention, immediately after each PBMT session, and after 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. RESULTS In both groups, 3 and 23 patients were female and male, respectively. The results showed significantly improved light (cotton swab), light (wooden cotton swab), and sharp (dental needle) touch sensations, and two-point discrimination test in the PBMT group after the 10th, 11th, 10th, and 10th session, respectively. Two-way repeated measure ANOVA revealed that the trend of light touch sensation with cotton swab and two-point discrimination test was statistically significant (p-value = 0.002 and 0.001, respectively). The results of OHIP-14 test showed a significantly higher mean in the PBMT group 3 months after PBMT. There was no statistically significant difference in EPT and thermal discrimination tests regarding the patients' group. CONCLUSION PBMT could be an effective treatment for late post-traumatic nerve neurotmesis following a traumatic mandibular fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Salari
- Department of Orthodontics, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthodontics, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nariman Nikparto
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amirhossein Babaei
- Otolaryngology Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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Fekrazad R, Golshah A, Shirazi ER. Efficacy of Photobiomodulation Therapy Versus Soft Acrylic Wafer for Reduction of Pain Associated with Orthodontic Metal Bracket Removal: A Clinical Trial. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2022; 40:463-471. [DOI: 10.1089/photob.2021.0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Golshah
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ermia Rezaee Shirazi
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Dortaj D, Bassir SH, Hakimiha N, Hong H, Aslroosta H, Fekrazad R, Moslemi N. Efficacy of Nd:YAG laser-assisted periodontal therapy for the management of periodontitis: A double-blind split-mouth randomized controlled clinical trial. J Periodontol 2022; 93:662-672. [PMID: 34411291 DOI: 10.1002/jper.21-0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to explore the efficacy of Nd:YAG laser-assisted periodontal therapy for management of patients with stage II-IV periodontitis. METHODS Patients who presented with residual periodontal pockets were enrolled. After non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT), test sites received Nd:YAG laser (first entrance to pocket: 3 W, 100 μs, 20 Hz; second entrance: 4 W, 600 μs, 20 Hz) and control sites received placebo (laser off). Periodontal probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival recession (GR), bleeding on probing (BOP), and plaque index (PI) were recorded at baseline and 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6-month visits. RESULTS Twenty patients completed the 6-month period. Significant reductions in PPD, CAL, BOP, and PI values and a significant increase in GR at all follow-up visits compared to the baseline (all P < 0.001) were revealed in both groups. Test sites showed significantly greater improvement in PPD (P = 0.0002) and greater increase in GR (P < 0.0001) compared to the control sites at 6-month visit. There was no difference between two groups regarding CAL gain through the study period (P = 0.23). CONCLUSION NSPT+Nd:YAG laser with the current protocol results in greater PPD reduction compared to NSPT alone. However, this reduction is likely because of greater GR rather than attachment gain. Therefore, the adjunction of Nd:YAG laser (with the current setting) to the NSPT for the treatment of residual periodontal pockets did not ameliorate the clinical outcomes (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03365167).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorara Dortaj
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Operative Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Bassir
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Neda Hakimiha
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Houlin Hong
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Hoori Aslroosta
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Tehran, Iran.,International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Moslemi
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Rigi-Ladez MA, Hendi SS, Mirzaei A, Gholami L, Fekrazad R. Near Infrared Laser Photobiomodulation of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells. Chin J Dent Res 2022; 25:57-65. [PMID: 35293711 DOI: 10.3290/j.cjdr.b2752657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of different energy densities of near infrared diode lasers with wavelengths of 810 or 940 nm on the proliferation and survival of periodontal ligament derived stem cells (PDLSCs). METHODS After isolation and characterisation, PDLSCs were cultured in clear 96-well plates. Each well was irradiated by either 810 nm (L1) or 940 nm (L2) lasers, with energy densities of 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 J/cm2 and an output power of 100 mW. A non-irradiated well was used as a control. Cellular viability was measured 24 hours after irradiation using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and proliferation was measured 24, 48 and 72 hours after irradiation using trypan blue staining and counting. Propidium iodide (PI) staining was used to identify any pyknotic nuclei or nuclear fragmentation 72 hours after irradiation. RESULTS An increase in viability was observed only in the group with the 940 nm laser irradiation at energy density of 2.5 J/cm2 (P < 0.001). The proliferation of cells was significantly increased in the group with 940 nm laser irradiation at energy density of 2.5 J/cm2 at all the time points examined in comparison to other groups (P < 0.001). PI staining showed no change in cell nuclei in any of the groups. CONCLUSION Irradiation of PDLSCs with a 940 nm laser at an energy density of 2.5 J/cm2 could promote efficient cell proliferation.
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Fekrazad S, Fekrazad R. Photobiomodulation: The Forth Side of Tissue Engineering Foursquare. J Lasers Med Sci 2022; 13:e73. [PMID: 37041785 PMCID: PMC10082914 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2022.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sepehr Fekrazad
- Department of General Surgery, Subdivision of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Lasers Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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Shakerian K, Birang R, Birang E, Narimani T, Naghsh N, Fekrazad R. Comparison of antimicrobial effect of several decontaminating methods on contaminated Titanium discs. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.363570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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34
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Firoozi P, Farshidfar N, Fekrazad R. Efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy compared to nystatin therapy in reducing Candida colony count in patients with Candida-associated denture stomatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Evid Based Dent 2021. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1038/s41432-021-0208-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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35
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Firoozi P, Farshidfar N, Fekrazad R. Efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy compared to nystatin therapy in reducing Candida colony count in patients with Candida-associated denture stomatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Evid Based Dent 2021:10.1038/s41432-021-0208-9. [PMID: 34862461 DOI: 10.1038/s41432-021-0208-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This meta-analysis assessed the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) compared to conventional nystatin therapy (NYT) in reducing Candida colony count in patients with Candida-associated denture stomatitis (CADS) and critically appraised the available literature.Methods This meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) updated guidelines. A literature search was performed in four electronic databases to identify relevant articles up to 15 August 2021. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed the efficacy of aPDT compared to NYT in reducing Candida colony count in patients with CADS were investigated. The weighted mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval were calculated. The I2 statistic was used to determine heterogeneity at the level of α = 0.10. The Cochrane risk of bias (RoB 2) tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Certainty of the evidence was determined using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) ranking system.Results Only three eligible RCTs with 141 participants were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Based on the pooled results, NYT compared to aPDT generally performed better in reducing Candida colony count (Log10 CFU/mL) in patients' palate and patients' denture. The included studies had a moderate risk of bias and the certainty of the evidence was low.Conclusion Although still inconclusive, based on the current evidence, aPDT may be effective in reducing Candida colony count and treating CADS. Nonetheless, it does not appear to be more effective than conventional NYT in this regard. According to the limited number of included studies, more well-designed RCTs with larger sample sizes and standardised methodology should be conducted to validate this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parsa Firoozi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Nima Farshidfar
- Orthodontic Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Professor of Radiation Sciences Research Centre, Laser Research Centre in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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Shirani F, Birang R, Ahmadpour E, Heidari Z, Ostadsharif Memar R, Zarei Z, Fekrazad R. Evaluation of Microleakage in Resin Composites Bonded to an Er:YAG Laser and Bur-Prepared Root and Coronal Dentin Using Different Bonding Agents. J Lasers Med Sci 2021; 12:e74. [DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2021.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: This study was conducted to assess the microleakage in Er:YAG laser-ablated and bur-prepared root and coronal dentin cavities using self-etch and total-etch adhesive systems. Methods: Sixty extracted caries-free human third molars were sectioned for dentin exposure. Then, two standard class V cavities were prepared in the root and coronal dentin of each tooth and allocated to one of the following conditioning groups randomly (n=12/Group): G1: Diamond bur for cavity preparation and single bond (BESB) etch-and-rinse adhesive for bonding, G2: Er:YAG laser (160 mJ, 20 Hz, 29.88 J/cm2 ) and SB (LESB), G3: Er:YAG laser and SB without acid etching (LSB), G4: Diamond bur and Clearfil SE Bond (BCSE) self-etch system, and G5: Er:YAG laser and Clearfil SE Bond (LCSE). The cavities were filled with Z100 composite resin. Dye penetration was assessed after thermocycling. Data analysis was done by Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results: The results showed there were no statistically significant differences in microleakage between the two preparation methods (bur and laser) or the bonding agents applied (P>0.05). Regardless of the cavity preparation method, dye penetration was significantly higher in coronal dentin than in root dentin (P<0.05). Conclusion: The Er:YAG laser had the same efficacy as the conventional method for cavity preparation, and microleakage did not depend on the bonding agent. Microleakage was significantly higher in coronal restorations than in root restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Shirani
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental Materials Research Center, Dental Research Institue, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Birang
- Torabinejad Dental Research Center, Department of Periodontics, Dental Faculty, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elmira Ahmadpour
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Zeynab Heidari
- School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Zarei
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty – Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Shavakhi M, Tahamtan S, Saki M, Fekrazad R. Effectiveness of Photobiomodulation on Orthodontic Mini Screw Stability: A Systematic Review. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2021; 39:747-758. [DOI: 10.1089/photob.2021.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Shavakhi
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shabnam Tahamtan
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Saki
- Health System Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Solati M, Fekrazad R, Vahdatinia F, Farmany A, Farhadian M, Hakimiha N. Dentinal tubule blockage using nanobioglass in the presence of diode (980 nm) and Nd:YAG lasers: an in vitro study. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:2975-2981. [PMID: 34775517 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The main objective of this study was to enhance the blockage of dentinal tubules using nanobioglass in the presence of diode (980 nm) and Nd:YAG lasers in order to reduce permeability and dentin hypersensitivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six dentinal samples were randomly divided into 6 subgroups (n = 6): (A) control, (B) diode laser (980 nm, 3-W), (C) Nd:YAG laser (1064, 1.0-W), (D) nanobioglass, (E) nanobioglass + diode laser (980 nm), (F) nanobioglass + Nd:YAG laser. The average number of open dentinal tubules was qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were evaluated by SPSS software version 22, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Mann-Whitney tests with Bonferoni's correction (α = 0.008). RESULTS Based on the results of Mann-Whitney test, there was a significant difference in the mean number of open dentinal tubules between the control group and the other groups (p < 0.008). However, the difference among the other groups was not statistically significant (p > 0.008). CONCLUSIONS Findings of this study showed that high-power laser radiation, such as Nd:YAG and diode (980 nm) alone or with nanobioglass, has a significant effect on the blockage of dentinal tubules. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Introduction of non-invasive methods with long-term and lasting effect on reducing pain and discomfort caused by dentin hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Solati
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Vahdatinia
- Dental School, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Dental Implants Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Abbas Farmany
- Dental Research Center & Dental Implant Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Maryam Farhadian
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Neda Hakimiha
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Fornaini C, Fekrazad R, Rocca JP, Zhang S, Merigo E. Use of Blue and Blue-Violet Lasers in Dentistry: A Narrative Review. J Lasers Med Sci 2021; 12:e31. [PMID: 34733754 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2021.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Blue and blue-violet diode lasers (450 and 405 nm) seem to represent an interesting approach for several clinical treatments today. The aim of this narrative review is to describe and comment on the literature regarding the utilization of blue and blue-violet lasers in dentistry. Methods: A search for "blue laser AND dentistry" was conducted using the PubMed database, and all the papers referring to this topic, ranging from 1990 to April 2020, were analyzed in the review. All the original in vivo and in vitro studies using 450 nm or 405 nm lasers were included in this study. All the articles on the LED light, laser wavelengths other than 405 and 450 nm and using lasers in specialties other than dentistry, as well as case reports, guideline papers and reviews were excluded. Results: From a total of 519 results, 47 articles met the inclusion criteria and were divided into 8 groups based on their fields of application: disinfection (10), photobiomodulation (PBM) (4), bleaching (1), resin curing (20), surgery (7), periodontics (1), endodontics (1) and orthodontics (3). Conclusion: Blue and blue-violet diode lasers may represent new and effective devices to be used in a large number of applications in dentistry, even if further studies will be necessary to fully clarify the potentialities of these laser wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Fornaini
- Laboratoire MICORALIS (MICrobiologie ORALe, Immunothérapie et Santé) EA7354, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, UFR Odontologie, Avenue des Diables Bleus, 06000 Nice, France.,Group of Applied Electro Magnetics (GAEM), Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, Viale G. P. Usberti 181/A -43124 -Parma, Italy.,2nd Hospital Shijiazhuang, Dept. of Stomatology, 53 Huaxi Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Jean-Paul Rocca
- Laboratoire MICORALIS (MICrobiologie ORALe, Immunothérapie et Santé) EA7354, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, UFR Odontologie, Avenue des Diables Bleus, 06000 Nice, France.,2nd Hospital Shijiazhuang, Dept. of Stomatology, 53 Huaxi Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Shiying Zhang
- 2nd Hospital Shijiazhuang, Dept. of Stomatology, 53 Huaxi Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Elisabetta Merigo
- Laboratoire MICORALIS (MICrobiologie ORALe, Immunothérapie et Santé) EA7354, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, UFR Odontologie, Avenue des Diables Bleus, 06000 Nice, France.,2nd Hospital Shijiazhuang, Dept. of Stomatology, 53 Huaxi Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
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Poormoradi B, Gholami L, Fekrazad R, Hooshyarfard A, Noorani AR, Loft Haghpanah Z, Farhadian M. Comparison of the Effect of Er,Cr:YSGG Laser and Halita Mouthwash on Oral Malodor in Patients With Chronic Periodontitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Lasers Med Sci 2021; 12:e26. [PMID: 34733749 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2021.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Periodontal disease and tongue coatings are among the major factors associated with oral malodor. The present study, comparatively evaluated the effects of the Er,Cr:YSGG laser and Halita mouthwash as adjunctive treatments to nonsurgical periodontal debridement on oral malodor reduction in chronic periodontitis patients. Methods: Sixty patients with stage II and III chronic periodontitis and bad breath. The patients were randomly divided into two groups (n=30). After conventional scaling and root planing, patients in group 1 underwent Er,Cr:YSGG laser (Waterlase; Biolase, San Clemente, CA, USA) irradiation of the internal surface of the pockets (1.5 W, 30 Hz, 20% A, 40% W) and the dorsum of the tongue (1 W, 30 Hz, 20% A, 40% W) immediately after SRP and on the third and seventh days. Group 2 patients were asked to use Halita mouthwash twice daily for one week. Baseline, 1 and 3-month post-treatment measurements of plaque index (PI), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP) and organoleptic assessment of Halitosis severity were performed. Results: Significant improvement in all parameters was noted in both groups after 1 and 3 months, compared with baseline (P < 0.05). The two groups had significant reductions which occurred in PPD, CAL and BOP levels and the organoleptic score in 1 and 3 months after the intervention (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation and Halita mouthwash as adjuncts to non-surgical periodontal therapy are both effective in the treatment of oral malodor and improvement of periodontal parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banafsheh Poormoradi
- Dental Research Center, Department of Periodontology, Dentistry Faculty, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Leila Gholami
- Assistant Professor, Dental Research Center, Department of Periodontology, Dentistry Faculty, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirarsalan Hooshyarfard
- Dental Research Center, Department of Periodontology, Dentistry Faculty, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Noorani
- Orthodontic Department, Dentistry Faculty, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Farhadian
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Assarzadeh H, Karrabi M, Fekrazad R, Tabarraei Y. Effect of Er:YAG Laser Irradiation and Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride Therapy on Re-Mineralization of White Spot Lesions. J Dent (Shiraz) 2021; 22:153-161. [PMID: 34514061 PMCID: PMC8417547 DOI: 10.30476/dentjods.2020.86300.1187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Statement of the Problem: Studies on the efficacy of erbium laser for enhancement of enamel resistance to acid attacks and its effects on fluoride uptake by the enamel are limited. Purpose: This study sought to assess and compare the effects of erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser irradiation and application of acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel
(alone and in combination) on remineralization of artificial white spot lesions (WSLs). Materials and Method: This in vitro, experimental study evaluated 90 buccal and lingual slabs of extracted human premolars. The specimens underwent pH cycling to induce WSLs. They were then randomly
divided into 6 groups of caries-free positive control (c+), negative control with WSLs (ws), 1.23% APF gel applied on the enamel (F), Er:YAG laser irradiation (80 mJ, 10 Hz, and 8 J/cm2)
of enamel (L), APF gel application followed by laser irradiation (FL), and laser irradiation followed by fluoride gel application (LF). The fluoride ion content of specimens was
measured before and after the intervention using a potentiometer. Data were analyzed by ANOVA (p< 0.05). Results: APF gel application before/after laser irradiation maximally increased the fluoride uptake by the enamel (p= 0.000). Application of APF gel in group F and laser irradiation in
group L increased fluoride uptake by the enamel, compared with groups 1 and 2 (p= 0.000). Laser- treated (L) and APF-treated (F) groups had no significant difference in this respect
(p= 0.945). Maximum fluoride concentration was noted in combined laser and fluoride groups (FL=332.07ppm and LF=341.27ppm) with no significant difference between the two (p= 1.000). Conclusion: Er:YAG laser irradiation changes the chemical composition of enamel and probably promote its remineralization, especially when combined with APF gel application,
which highlights its cariostatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Assarzadeh
- Dept. of Oral and Prosthodontics, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Malihe Karrabi
- Dept. of Oral and Prosthodontics, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Dept. of Periodontology, Dental Faculty, Laser Research Center In Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Radiation Science Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Science, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), University Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaser Tabarraei
- Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Khorsandi K, Fekrazad R, Hamblin MR. Low-dose photodynamic therapy effect on closure of scratch wounds of normal and diabetic fibroblast cells: An in vitro study. J Biophotonics 2021; 14:e202100005. [PMID: 33931943 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chronic wounds such as diabetic ulcers are a serious public health problem. Extensive research is needed to find new alternatives for wound treatment. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive method, which has been studied for several decades to treat cancer, infections, and other diseases. PDT involves the administration of a photosensitizer compound followed by irradiation with using light at specific wavelength to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) using molecular oxygen. It is possible that low dose photodynamic therapy (LDPDT) could improve wound healing and stimulates the cell repair process. This study we explored the effect of LDPDT on wound healing in vitro using normal and diabetic cellular wound models. The effects of different concentrations of 5-ALA and different energy densities (dark or light) on the cell viability of human fibroblast cells were studied using the MTT assay. After ascertaining the optimum parameters, a scratch wound assay was performed on both normal and diabetic cells and then cells treated with 1 and 5 μg/mL of 5-ALA at 1 J/cm2 energy density. ROS production and morphological alteration of the cells were studied. The mortality of normal fibroblast cells increased with increasing 5-ALA concentration and also increasing energy density (up to 3 J/cm2 ). However, in diabetic cells, the mortality rate did not decrease. Diabetic cells showed increased migration and closure of the scratch compared to normal cells under similar conditions. A low concentration of 5-ALA (5 μg/mL) and low energy density of 1 J/cm2 in both normal and diabetic cells gave a small increase in ROS levels compared to controls. This may explain the positive effects of LDPDT on wound healing. The findings of this study suggest that LDPDT may have a potential effect on the wound healing of diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khatereh Khorsandi
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Photodynamic, Medical Laser Research Center, YARA Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Nejat AH, Eshghpour M, Danaeifar N, Abrishami M, Vahdatinia F, Fekrazad R. Effect of Photobiomodulation on the Incidence of Alveolar Osteitis and Postoperative Pain following Mandibular Third Molar Surgery: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 97:1129-1135. [PMID: 34048061 DOI: 10.1111/php.13457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy for the prevention of incidence of alveolar osteitis (AO) and postoperative pain following third molar surgery. In this double-blind clinical trial, the impacted teeth of patients having bilateral impacted mandibular third molars were surgically extracted; for each participant, one socket was randomly assigned to receive photobiomodulation treatment, the other received sham treatment. 660 nm 200 mW CW was applied at a distance of ~1cm to 4 points on the occlusal area of extraction socket (beam area at the tissue ~0.64 cm2 , 312.5 mW cm-2 , 1J, 1.6 J cm-2 ). Also, 810 nm 200 mW CW was applied at tissue surface at three points on the buccal and three points on the lingual gingiva, for 15 s (400 mW cm-2 , 3 J, 6 J cm-2 ). There was a statistically meaningful difference in AO frequency between the two groups, and the photobiomodulation group showed lower AO frequency compared with the sham PBM treatment (P-value = 0.035). According to the findings of this study, photobiomodulation therapy reduced the incidence of AO following surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars. The incidence of AO typically occurs 3-7 days post-extraction, and our results suggest that PBM treatment within the 7 days could help reduce the risk of AO development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Nejat
- Department of Prosthodontics, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Majid Eshghpour
- Oral and Maxillofacial Department, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nasrin Danaeifar
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Majid Abrishami
- Oral and Maxillofacial Department, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farshid Vahdatinia
- Dental Implants Research Center, Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center- Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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Khorsandi K, Hosseinzadeh R, Abrahamse H, Fekrazad R. Biological Responses of Stem Cells to Photobiomodulation Therapy. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 15:400-413. [PMID: 32013851 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x15666200204123722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cells have attracted the researchers interest, due to their applications in regenerative medicine. Their self-renewal capacity for multipotent differentiation, and immunomodulatory properties make them unique to significantly contribute to tissue repair and regeneration applications. Recently, stem cells have shown increased proliferation when irradiated with low-level laser therapy or Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT), which induces the activation of intracellular and extracellular chromophores and the initiation of cellular signaling. The purpose of this study was to evaluate this phenomenon in the literature. METHODS The literature investigated the articles written in English in four electronic databases of PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and Cochrane up to April 2019. Stem cell was searched by combining the search keyword of "low-level laser therapy" OR "low power laser therapy" OR "low-intensity laser therapy" OR "photobiomodulation therapy" OR "photo biostimulation therapy" OR "LED". In total, 46 articles were eligible for evaluation. RESULTS Studies demonstrated that red to near-infrared light is absorbed by the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Mitochondria are significant sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondria play an important role in metabolism, energy generation, and are also involved in mediating the effects induced by PBMT. PBMT may result in the increased production of (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). These changes, in turn, initiate cell proliferation and induce the signal cascade effect. CONCLUSION The findings of this review suggest that PBMT-based regenerative medicine could be a useful tool for future advances in tissue engineering and cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khatereh Khorsandi
- Department of Photodynamic, Medical Laser Research Center, YARA Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran;
and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Medical Laser, Medical Laser Research Center, YARA Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, NRF SARChI Chair: Laser Applications in Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty - Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research
Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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Aslroosta H, Morshedzadeh G, Moslemi N, Moayer A, Rahimi H, Fekrazad R. Clinical Outcomes of Free Gingival Graft Following Recipient Bed Preparation with Er,Cr:YSGG Laser Versus Scalpel: A Split-Mouth Randomized Clinical Trial. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2021; 39:425-433. [PMID: 34029126 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2020.4962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Free gingival graft (FGG) procedure is accompanied with a considerable rate of graft shrinkage. This study was aimed to assess the dimensional changes of FGG after recipient site preparation with Er,Cr:YSGG laser and surgical scalpel. Materials and methods: This split-mouth randomized clinical trial evaluated 11 patients with bilateral lack of keratinized gingiva in mandibular premolars. The test side in each patient was prepared with Er,Cr:YSGG laser (3 W power, 300 mJ energy, 10 Hz frequency, long-pulsed mode), whereas the control side was prepared by surgical scalpel. All FGGs were harvested from the palate with standard dimensions of 14 × 9 mm. The graft width, length, surface area, and shrinkage and color match were measured after 1, 3, and 6 months. Postoperative complications, including pain and bleeding were also evaluated using a questionnaire. Results: In both groups, the surface area and width of graft significantly decreased at all time points compared with baseline but the difference in this respect was not significant between the two groups (p > 0.05). In both groups, maximum shrinkage occurred within the first 3 months. In control group, the surface shrinkage in 3 months was significantly greater than the first month (p = 0.025) without significant difference between groups (p = 0.79). The two groups were not significantly different regarding pain score and bleeding score either. On the day of surgery, the test group had slightly lower pain score and higher bleeding score in comparison to the control group without significant difference. The pain and bleeding scores reduced in both groups with no significant difference (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Er,Cr:YSGG laser has promising results for preparation of FGG recipient site and yields results comparable to those of surgical scalpel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoori Aslroosta
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazal Morshedzadeh
- Post-Doctoral Periodontology Program, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Moslemi
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hamed Rahimi
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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46
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Ebrahimi P, Hadilou M, Naserneysari F, Dolatabadi A, Tarzemany R, Vahed N, Nikniaz L, Fekrazad R, Gholami L. Effect of photobiomodulation in secondary intention gingival wound healing-a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:258. [PMID: 33985492 PMCID: PMC8120828 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01611-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Photobiomodulation is widely being used to improve the wound healing process in dentistry and a vast majority of studies have proven its benefits. But there are plenty of knowledge gaps according to the optimal laser characteristics which should be used to maximize the healing effects of lasers. The goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) as an adjunctive treatment to periodontal therapies to evaluate secondary intention gingival wound healing and post-operative pain. Methods Five databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, ProQuest, and Web of Sciences) were searched up to November 30, 2020, for clinical trials that reported the result of the application of PBM on secondary gingival healing wounds and post-operative pain and discomfort after periodontal surgeries. Two independent reviewers selected the eligible studies and the outcomes of interest were extracted. The quality of eligible studies was assessed using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Results Ultimately, twelve studies were included in this review. The application of PBM as an adjunct to periodontal surgeries resulted in a significant improvement in wound healing indices. The Landry wound healing index at the 7th post-operative day was significantly improved (SMD = 1.044 [95% CI 0.62–1.46]; p < 0.01) in PBM + surgery groups compared to the control groups. There was also a statistically significant increase in the complete wound epithelialization (RR = 3.23 [95% CI 1.66–6.31]; p < 0.01) at the 14th post-operative day compared to the control groups. The methods used to assess the post-operative pain were heterogeneous, and therefore the results were limited which made the meta-analysis for post-operative pain assessment not possible. Conclusion Based on the results of this review, PBM can be effectively used as a method to improve secondary intention wound healing. High-quality randomized clinical trials, however, are needed in the future to identify the optimal PBM irradiation parameters and the effect of PBM on post-operative pain. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-021-01611-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooya Ebrahimi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Hadilou
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ferdos Naserneysari
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amirmohammad Dolatabadi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rana Tarzemany
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nafiseh Vahed
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, A Joanna Briggs Institute Affiliated Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Emergency Medicine Research Team, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Nikniaz
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Faculty of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Gholami
- Department of Periodontics, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Fahmideh Blvd, 654178-38741, Hamadan, Iran.
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Montazeri K, Farhadi M, Fekrazad R, Akbarnejad Z, Chaibakhsh S, Mahmoudian S. Transcranial photobiomodulation in the management of brain disorders. J Photochem Photobiol B 2021; 221:112207. [PMID: 34119804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) is the process of delivering light photons through the skull to benefit from its modifying effect. Brain disorders are important health problems. The aim of this review was to determine the existing evidence of effectiveness, useful parameters, and safety of tPBM in the management of traumatic brain injury, stroke, Parkinson, and Alzheimer's disease as the common brain disorders. Four online databases, including Cochrane, Pub Med, Embase, and Google scholar were searched according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. 4728 articles were obtained in the initial search. Only those articles that were published until September 2020 and designed as randomized clinical trials (RCTs) or animal-controlled studies were included. 6 RCTs, 2 related supplementary articles, and 38 controlled animal studies met the inclusion criteria of this study. No RCTs were performed in the fields of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The human RCTs and animal studies reported no adverse events resulted from the use of tPBM. Useful parameters of tPBM were identified according to the controlled animal studies. Since the investigated RCTs had no homogenous results, making an evidence-based decision for definite therapeutic application of tPBM is still unattainable. Altogether, these data support the need for large confirmatory well-designed RCTs for using tPBM as a novel, safe, and easy-to-administer treatment of brain disorders. EVIDENCE BEFORE THIS STUDY High prevalence and complications of brain disorders and also side effects of neuropsychiatric medications have encouraged researchers to find alternative therapeutic techniques which tPBM can be one of them. In present review we tried to determine the existing evidence of effectiveness, useful parameters, and safety of tPBM in the management of traumatic brain injury, stroke, Alzheimer, and Parkinson's disease as common brain disorders. Four online databases, including "Cochrane", "Pub Med", "Embase", and "Google scholar" were searched. Only those articles that were published until September 2020 and designed as RCTs or animal-controlled studies were included. Search keywords were the followings: transcranial photobiomodulation" OR "transcranial low-level laser therapy" AND "stroke" OR "traumatic brain injury" OR "Alzheimer" OR "Parkinson". Several studies have confirmed effectiveness of tPBM in treatment of different brain disorders but the level of evidence of its effectiveness remain to be determined. ADDED VALUE OF THIS STUDY In this study we systematically reviewed human RCTs to determine the existing evidence of tPBM effectiveness in management of four mentioned brain disorders. Since the outcomes of the reviewed RCTs were not homogeneous, further well-designed RCTs are required to decide more definitively on the evidence of this noninvasive and probably safe therapeutic intervention. We hypothesized that non-homogeneous outcomes could be due to inefficiency of PBM parameters. Controlled animal studies have the advantage of using objective tests to evaluate the results and compare them with the control group. We determined useful tPBM parameters based on these studies. IMPLICATIONS OF ALL THE AVAILABLE EVIDENCE This research is part of our main project of tinnitus treatment using photobiomodulation (PBM). Evidence of central nervous system involvement in tinnitus led us to believe that treatment protocol of tinnitus should also include transcranial PBM. The determined useful parameters can be helpful in designing more efficient tPBM protocols in the management of brain disorders and tinnitus as a common debilitating symptom that can be associated with these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoon Montazeri
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center, The Five Senses Health eInstitute, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farhadi
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center, The Five Senses Health eInstitute, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Akbarnejad
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center, The Five Senses Health eInstitute, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Chaibakhsh
- Neuromusculoskeletal Research Center, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran; Eye Research Center, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Mahmoudian
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center, The Five Senses Health eInstitute, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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Gholami L, Hendi SS, Saidijam M, Mahmoudi R, Tarzemany R, Arkian A, Afshar S, Fekrazad R. Near-infrared 940-nm diode laser photobiomodulation of inflamed periodontal ligament stem cells. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 37:449-459. [PMID: 33740139 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03282-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) is an acceptable method of stimulating stem cells through its non-invasive absorption by the cell photoreceptors and the induction of cellular response. The current research was aimed at evaluating the effect of near-infrared PBM on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in inflamed periodontal ligament stem cells (I-PDLSCs). I-PDLSCs were isolated and characterized. Third passage cells were irradiated with 940-nm laser at an output power of 100 mW in a continuous wave. A fluence of 4 J/cm2 in three sessions at 48-h intervals was applied and compared with non-irradiated controls. Cell viability and proliferation were evaluated by MTT assay. Alkaline phosphatase activity, quantitative Alizarin red staining test, and q-RT-PCR were used to evaluate the osteogenic properties of the I-PDLSCs in four groups of (a) osteogenic differentiation medium + laser (ODM + L), (b) osteogenic differentiation medium without laser (ODM), (c) non-osteogenic differentiation medium + laser (L), and (d) non-osteogenic differentiation medium (control). There was a non-significant increase in the viability of cells at 48- and 72-h post last laser irradiation. Alizarin red staining revealed no significant stimulatory effect of PBM at 14 and 21 days. However, alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly higher in the L + ODM group. Expression of osteogenic-related genes had a statistically significant increase at 21-day post irradiation. The irradiation used in the present study showed no significant increase in the proliferation of I-PDLSCs by PBM. However, expression levels of osteogenic-related genes and alkaline phosphatase activity were significantly increased in irradiated groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Gholami
- Department of Periodontics, Dental Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Sareh Hendi
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Massoud Saidijam
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Mahmoudi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rana Tarzemany
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Aliasghar Arkian
- Dental Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Saeid Afshar
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,International Network for Photomedicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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Fekrazad R, Fekrazad S. The Potential Role of Photobiomodulation in Long COVID-19 Patients Rehabilitation. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2021; 39:229-231. [PMID: 33497594 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2020.4984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,International Network for Photo Medicine, and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research, Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepehr Fekrazad
- Department of Surgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences School of Medicine, Tehran, Iran
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50
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Panahandeh N, Azarsina M, Ostad Hossein N, Fekrazad R. Microshear Bond Strength of Composite Resin to Enamel Treated With Titanium Tetrafluoride and the Carbon Dioxide Laser (10.6 µm): An In Vitro Study. J Lasers Med Sci 2021; 11:486-490. [PMID: 33425302 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2020.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The present study aims to assess the microshear bond strength (µSBS) of composite to enamel treated with titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4 ) and CO2 laser irradiation. Methods: Fifteen human molars were sectioned and their enamel surfaces were abraded. The sections were randomly assigned to 5 groups (n=15): (CO); control group, (AP); treated with 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) for 4 minutes, (Ti); 4% TiF4 for 1 minute, (L+AP); CO2 laser irradiation (10.6 µm wavelength, 1 W peak power, 10 ms pulse duration, 500 ms repetition time, 0.2 mm beam spot size at the tissue level, 2 cm distance of handpiece tip to tissue surface (DSE, South Cores) followed by 1.23% APF, and (L+ Ti); 10.6μm CO2 laser irradiation followed by 4% TiF4 for one minute. Using Tygon tubes, Z250 (3M/ESPE) composite was bonded to the surface of the samples. The µSBS of composite to enamel was measured using a microtensile testing machine after 500 thermal cycles. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and the Tukey HSD test (P <0.05). Results: The mean µSBS was 20.66, 20.21, 13.44, 23.01, and 10.16 MPa in CO, AP, Ti, L+AP, and L+Ti groups respectively. Significant differences were observed between CO and Ti (P =0.026) and also CO and L+ Ti (P <0.0001). Conclusion: The application of TiF4 per se and after CO2 laser irradiation on enamel decreased the µSBS of composite to enamel; on the other hand, APF alone and after laser irradiation did not have any adverse effect on the µSBS of composite to enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Panahandeh
- Associate Professor, Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohadese Azarsina
- Assistant Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Reza Fekrazad
- Professor, Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty - Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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