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Fontana IC, Zimmer AR, Rocha AS, Gosmann G, Souza DO, Lourenco MV, Ferreira ST, Zimmer ER. Amyloid-β oligomers in cellular models of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2020; 155:348-369. [PMID: 32320074 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) dysmetabolism is tightly associated with pathological processes in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Currently, it is thought that, in addition to Aβ fibrils that give rise to plaque formation, Aβ aggregates into non-fibrillar soluble oligomers (AβOs). Soluble AβOs have been extensively studied for their synaptotoxic and neurotoxic properties. In this review, we discuss physicochemical properties of AβOs and their impact on different brain cell types in AD. Additionally, we summarize three decades of studies with AβOs, providing a compelling bulk of evidence regarding cell-specific mechanisms of toxicity. Cellular models may lead us to a deeper understanding of the detrimental effects of AβOs in neurons and glial cells, putatively shedding light on the development of innovative therapies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor C Fontana
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Aline R Zimmer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andreia S Rocha
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Grace Gosmann
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Diogo O Souza
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mychael V Lourenco
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sergio T Ferreira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Zimmer
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics,, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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2
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Ziehm T, Brener O, van Groen T, Kadish I, Frenzel D, Tusche M, Kutzsche J, Reiß K, Gremer L, Nagel-Steger L, Willbold D. Increase of Positive Net Charge and Conformational Rigidity Enhances the Efficacy of d-Enantiomeric Peptides Designed to Eliminate Cytotoxic Aβ Species. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:1088-96. [PMID: 27240424 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common type of dementia. Until now, there is no curative therapy available. Previously, we selected the amyloid-beta (Aβ) targeting peptide D3 consisting of 12 d-enantiomeric amino acid residues by mirror image phage display as a potential drug candidate for the treatment of AD. In the current approach, we investigated the optimization potential of linear D3 with free C-terminus (D3COOH) by chemical modifications. First, the impact of the net charge was investigated and second, cyclization was introduced which is a well-known tool for the optimization of peptides for enhanced target affinity. Following this strategy, three D3 derivatives in addition to D3COOH were designed: C-terminally amidated linear D3 (D3CONH2), cyclic D3 (cD3), and cyclic D3 with an additional arginine residue (cD3r) to maintain the net charge of linear D3CONH2. These four compounds were compared to each other according to their binding affinities to Aβ(1-42), their efficacy to eliminate cytotoxic oligomers, and consequently their potency to neutralize Aβ(1-42) oligomer induced neurotoxicity. D3CONH2 and cD3r versions with equally increased net charge showed superior properties over D3COOH and cD3, respectively. The cyclic versions showed superior properties compared to their linear version with equal net charge, suggesting cD3r to be the most efficient compound among these four. Indeed, treatment of the transgenic AD mouse model Tg-SwDI with cD3r significantly enhanced spatial memory and cognition of these animals as revealed by water maze performance. Therefore, charge increase and cyclization imply suitable modification steps for an optimization approach of the Aβ targeting compound D3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Ziehm
- Institute of Complex
Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Oleksandr Brener
- Institute of Complex
Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas van Groen
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative
Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
| | - Inga Kadish
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative
Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
| | - Daniel Frenzel
- Institute of Complex
Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Markus Tusche
- Institute of Complex
Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Janine Kutzsche
- Institute of Complex
Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Kerstin Reiß
- Institute of Complex
Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Lothar Gremer
- Institute of Complex
Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Luitgard Nagel-Steger
- Institute of Complex
Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dieter Willbold
- Institute of Complex
Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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3
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Liu L, Luo S, Zeng L, Wang W, Yuan L, Jian X. Degenerative alterations in noradrenergic neurons of the locus coeruleus in Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:2249-55. [PMID: 25206534 PMCID: PMC4146034 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.24.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice carrying mutant amyloid-β precursor protein and presenilin-1 genes (APP/PS1 double transgenic mice) have frequently been used in studies of Alzheimer's disease; however, such studies have focused mainly on hippocampal and cortical changes. The severity of Alzheimer's disease is known to correlate with the amount of amyloid-β protein deposition and the number of dead neurons in the locus coeruleus. In the present study, we assigned APP/PS1 double transgenic mice to two groups according to age: young mice (5–6 months old) and aged mice (16–17 months old). Age-matched wild-type mice were used as controls. Immunohistochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase (a marker of catecholaminergic neurons in the locus coeruleus) revealed that APP/PS1 mice had 23% fewer cells in the locus coeruleus compared with aged wild-type mice. APP/PS1 mice also had increased numbers of cell bodies of neurons positive for tyrosine hydroxylase, but fewer tyrosine hydroxylase-positive fibers, which were also short, thick and broken. Quantitative analysis using unbiased stereology showed a significant age-related increase in the mean volume of tyrosine droxylase-positive neurons in aged APP/PS1 mice compared with young APP/PS1 mice. Moreover, the mean volume of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons was positively correlated with the total volume of the locus coeruleus. These findings indicate that noradrenergic neurons and fibers in the locus coeruleus are predisposed to degenerative alterations in APP/PS1 double transgenic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Liu
- Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China ; Department of Nursing, Medical College of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 10013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Saiping Luo
- Third Department of Surgery, Agricultural Division Four Hospital, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Yili 835000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Leping Zeng
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Weihong Wang
- Department of Nursing, Medical College of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 10013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Liming Yuan
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiaohong Jian
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
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4
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Zealley B, de Grey ADNJ. Commentary on some recent theses relevant to combating aging: June 2014. Rejuvenation Res 2014; 17:312-7. [PMID: 24849189 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2014.1578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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van Groen T, Kadish I, Funke SA, Bartnik D, Willbold D. Treatment with D3 removes amyloid deposits, reduces inflammation, and improves cognition in aged AβPP/PS1 double transgenic mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2013; 34:609-20. [PMID: 23271316 DOI: 10.3233/jad-121792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
One of the characteristic pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is neuritic plaques. The sequence of events leading to deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides in plaques is not clear. Here we investigate the effects of D3, an Aβ oligomer directed D-enantiomeric peptide that was obtained from a mirror image phage display selection against monomeric or small oligomeric forms of Aβ42, on Aβ deposition in aged AβPP/PS1 double transgenic AD-model mice. Using Alzet minipumps, we infused the brains of these AD model mice for 8 weeks with FITC-labeled D3, and examined the subsequent changes in pathology and cognitive deficits. Initial cognitive deficits are similar comparing control and D3-FITC-treated mice, but the treated mice show a significant improvement on the last day of testing. Further, we show that there is a substantial reduction in the amount of amyloid deposits in the animals treated with D3-FITC, compared to the control mice. Finally, the amount of activated microglia and astrocytes surrounding Aβ deposits is dramatically reduced in the D3-FITC-treated mice. Our findings demonstrate that treatments with the high affinity Aβ42 oligomer binding D-enantiomeric peptide D3 significantly decrease Aβ deposits and the associated inflammatory response, and improve cognition even when applied only at late stages and high age. Together, this suggests that the treatment reduces the level of Aβ peptide in the brains of AβPP/PS1 mice, possibly by increasing Aβ outflow from the brain. In conclusion, treatments with this D-peptide have great potential to be successful in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas van Groen
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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6
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Zealley B, de Grey AD. Commentary on Some Recent Theses Relevant to Combating Aging: December 2013. Rejuvenation Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1089/rej.2013.1533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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7
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Wright O, Zhang L, Liu Y, Yoshimi T, Zheng Y, Tunnacliffe A. Critique of the use of fluorescence-based reporters in Escherichia coli
as a screening tool for the identification of peptide inhibitors of Aβ42 aggregation. J Pept Sci 2012; 19:74-83. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Wright
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; University of Cambridge; New Museums Site, Pembroke Street Cambridge CB2 3RA UK
| | - Liao Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Gene Engineering; College of Life Sciences; Nanhai Ave 3688 Shenzhen City Guangdong Province China 518060
| | - Yun Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Gene Engineering; College of Life Sciences; Nanhai Ave 3688 Shenzhen City Guangdong Province China 518060
| | - Tatsuya Yoshimi
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology; 35 Gengo, Morioka-machi Obu City Aichi 474-8511 Japan
| | - Yizhi Zheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Gene Engineering; College of Life Sciences; Nanhai Ave 3688 Shenzhen City Guangdong Province China 518060
| | - Alan Tunnacliffe
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; University of Cambridge; New Museums Site, Pembroke Street Cambridge CB2 3RA UK
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