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Joaquim AR, Gionbelli MP, Gosmann G, Fuentefria AM, Lopes MS, Fernandes de Andrade S. Novel Antimicrobial 8-Hydroxyquinoline-Based Agents: Current Development, Structure-Activity Relationships, and Perspectives. J Med Chem 2021; 64:16349-16379. [PMID: 34779640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The search for new antimicrobials is imperative due to the emergent resistance of new microorganism strains. In this context, revisiting known classes like 8-hydroxyquinolines could be an interesting strategy to discover new agents. The 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives nitroxoline and clioquinol are used to treat microbial infections; however, these drugs are underused, being available in few countries or limited to topical use. After years of few advances, in the last two decades, the potent activity of clioquinol and nitroxoline against several targets and the privileged structure of 8-hydroxyquinoline nucleus have prompted an increased interest in the design of novel antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-Alzheimer agents based on this class. Herein, we discuss the current development and antimicrobial structure-activity relationships of this class in the perspective of using the 8-hydroxyquinoline nucleus for the search for novel antimicrobial agents. Furthermore, the most investigated molecular targets concerning 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives are explored in the final section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Rocha Joaquim
- Pharmaceutical Synthesis Group (PHARSG), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Azenha, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Azenha, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pies Gionbelli
- Pharmaceutical Synthesis Group (PHARSG), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Azenha, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Azenha, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Grace Gosmann
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Azenha, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Meneghello Fuentefria
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Azenha, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Sarmento Leite, 500, Farroupilha, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Marcela Silva Lopes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Azenha, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Saulo Fernandes de Andrade
- Pharmaceutical Synthesis Group (PHARSG), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Azenha, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Azenha, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Sarmento Leite, 500, Farroupilha, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil
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da Silva CEH, Gosmann G, de Andrade SF. Limonene and Perillyl Alcohol Derivatives: Synthesis and Anticancer Activity. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:1813-1829. [PMID: 33583370 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210212150504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Limonene and perillyl alcohol are natural monoterpenes that have attracted the attention of medicinal chemists due to their promising anticancer activities. Considering this, both compounds were explored as scaffolds to obtain various derivatives with anticancer activity. In this review, the data are organized for the first time, with a focus on the synthetic methods and strategies to obtain the derivatives, throughout the period from 2000 to 2020. A brief discussion regarding the structure and activity relationships of the most active derivatives, stereoisomers and their mechanisms of action is presented. Among the active compounds, a series of limonenes with thiosemicarbazone groups and perillyl alcohol hybrids with glycosides or drugs are illustrated. Taking all of this into account, this review may help researchers develop new promising anticancer candidates based on the structures of limonene and perillyl alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Emiliano Hoffmann da Silva
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis (LAFIS), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre. Brazil
| | - Grace Gosmann
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis (LAFIS), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre. Brazil
| | - Saulo Fernandes de Andrade
- Pharmaceutical Synthesis Group (PHARSG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre. Brazil
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3
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Leonardi BF, Gosmann G, Zimmer AR. Front Cover: Modeling Diet‐Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rodents. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202070050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
Standardized animal models represent one of the most valuable tools available to understand the mechanism underlying the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and to seek for new therapeutic strategies. However, there is considerable variability in the studies conducted with this essential purpose. This review presents an updated discussion of the most recent studies using diverse experimental conditions to induce MetS in rodents with unbalanced diets, discusses the key findings in metabolic outcomes, and critically evaluates what we have been learned from them and how to advance in the field. The study includes scientific reports sourced from the Web of Science and PubMed databases, published between January 2013 and June 2020, which used hypercaloric diets to induce metabolic disorders, and address the impact of the diet on metabolic parameters. The collected data are used as support to discuss variables such as sex, species, and age of the animals, the most favorable type of diet, and the ideal diet length to generate metabolic changes. The experimental characteristics propose herein improve the performance of a preclinical model that resembles the human MetS and will guide researchers to investigate new therapeutic alternatives with confidence and higher translational validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca F Leonardi
- Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 2752 Ipiranga avenue, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Grace Gosmann
- Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 2752 Ipiranga avenue, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Aline R Zimmer
- Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 2752 Ipiranga avenue, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
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Fontana IC, Zimmer AR, Rocha AS, Gosmann G, Souza DO, Lourenco MV, Ferreira ST, Zimmer ER. Amyloid-β oligomers in cellular models of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2020; 155:348-369. [PMID: 32320074 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) dysmetabolism is tightly associated with pathological processes in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Currently, it is thought that, in addition to Aβ fibrils that give rise to plaque formation, Aβ aggregates into non-fibrillar soluble oligomers (AβOs). Soluble AβOs have been extensively studied for their synaptotoxic and neurotoxic properties. In this review, we discuss physicochemical properties of AβOs and their impact on different brain cell types in AD. Additionally, we summarize three decades of studies with AβOs, providing a compelling bulk of evidence regarding cell-specific mechanisms of toxicity. Cellular models may lead us to a deeper understanding of the detrimental effects of AβOs in neurons and glial cells, putatively shedding light on the development of innovative therapies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor C Fontana
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Aline R Zimmer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andreia S Rocha
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Grace Gosmann
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Diogo O Souza
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mychael V Lourenco
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sergio T Ferreira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Zimmer
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics,, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Fontana IC, Silva da Rocha A, Zimmer AR, Gosmann G, Rodrigues YE, Souza DO, Miron D, Zimmer ER. P2‐041: OPTIMIZATION AND VALIDATION OF A SE‐HPLC METHOD FOR ANALYZING AMYLOID BETA OLIGOMERS. Alzheimers Dement 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Grace Gosmann
- Federal University of Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
| | | | - Diogo O. Souza
- Federal University of Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
| | - Diogo Miron
- Federal University of Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
| | - Eduardo R. Zimmer
- Federal University of Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
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Diedrich D, Wildner AC, Silveira TF, Silva GNS, Santos FD, da Silva EF, do Canto VP, Visioli F, Gosmann G, Bergold AM, Zimmer AR, Netz PA, Gnoatto SCB. SERCA plays a crucial role in the toxicity of a betulinic acid derivative with potential antimalarial activity. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 287:70-77. [PMID: 29604267 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is one of the most significant infectious diseases that affect poor populations in tropical areas throughout the world. Plants have been shown to be a good source for the development of new antimalarial chemotherapeutic agents, as shown for the discovery of quinine and artemisinin derivatives. Our research group has been working with semisynthetic triterpene derivatives that show potential antimalarial activity toward different strains of Plasmodium falciparum by specifically modulating calcium pathways in the parasite. Promising results were obtained for nanomolar concentrations of the semisynthetic betulinic acid derivative LAFIS13 against the P. falciparum 3D7 strain in vitro, with a selectivity index of 18 compared to a mammalian cell line. Continuing these studies, we present here in vitro and in vivo toxicological evaluations of this compound, followed by docking studies with PfATP6, a sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca+2-ATPase (SERCA) protein. LAFIS13 showed an LD50 between 300 and 50 mg/kg, and the acute administration of 50 mg/kg (i.p.) had no negative effects on hematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters. Based on the results of the in vitro assays, LAFIS13 not exerted significant effects on coagulation parameters of human peripheral blood, but a hemolytic activity was verified at higher concentrations. According to the molecular docking study, the PfATP6 protein may be a target for LAFIS13, which corroborates its previously reported modulatory effects on calcium homeostasis in the parasite. Notably, LAFIS13 showed a higher selectivity for the mammalian SERCA protein than for PfATP6, thus impairing the selectivity between parasite and host. In summary, the direct interaction with calcium pumps and the hemolytic potential of the compound proved to be plausible mechanism of LAFIS13 toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Diedrich
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Andreia C Wildner
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Thayse F Silveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Gloria N S Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Francine Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Elenilson F da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Vanessa P do Canto
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Visioli
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Grace Gosmann
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Ana M Bergold
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Aline R Zimmer
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Netz
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Simone C B Gnoatto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil.
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Brito FCD, Gosmann G, Oliveira GT. Extracts of the unripe fruit of Ilex paraguariensis as a potential chemical control against the golden apple snail Pomacea canaliculata (Gastropoda, Ampullariidae). Nat Prod Res 2018; 33:2379-2382. [PMID: 29468897 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1443084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Plant extracts can provide a viable alternative to controlling many crop pests. This study sought to assess the efficacy of vegetable extracts of the unripe fruits of Ilex paraguariensis (yerba maté) for chemical control of the channeled apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) and of non-target species as the South American catfish (Rhamdia quelen) under laboratory conditions. In P. canaliculata, the LC50 of the decoction extract was 31.39 mg.L-1 and the LT50 was over 26 h. The LC50 of the butanol extract was 24.75 mg.L-1 and the LT50 was in the range of 28 to 32 h. In juvenile R. quelen, the LC50 of the decoction was 17.98 mg.L-1 and the LT50 was in the range of 10-12 h. These extracts are particularly attractive considering the source of compounds and their effectiveness as molluscicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano Carvalho de Brito
- a Conservation Physiology Laboratory. Av. Ipiranga, Faculty of Life Sciences , Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) , Porto Alegre/RS , Brazil
| | - Grace Gosmann
- b Faculty of Pharmacy , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Guendalina Turcato Oliveira
- a Conservation Physiology Laboratory. Av. Ipiranga, Faculty of Life Sciences , Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) , Porto Alegre/RS , Brazil
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Cargnin ST, Staudt AF, Medeiros P, de Medeiros Sol Sol D, de Azevedo Dos Santos AP, Zanchi FB, Gosmann G, Puyet A, Garcia Teles CB, Gnoatto SB. Semisynthesis, cytotoxicity, antimalarial evaluation and structure-activity relationship of two series of triterpene derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 28:265-272. [PMID: 29326018 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we describe the semisynthesis of two series of ursolic and betulinic acid derivatives through designed by modifications at the C-3 and C-28 positions and demonstrate their antimalarial activity against chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum (W2 strain). Structural modifications at C-3 were more advantageous to antimalarial activity than simultaneous modifications at C-3 and C-28 positions. The ester derivative, 3β-butanoyl betulinic acid (7b), was the most active compound (IC50 = 3.4 µM) and it did not exhibit cytotoxicity against VERO nor HepG2 cells (CC50 > 400 µM), showing selectivity towards parasites (selectivity index > 117.47). In combination with artemisinin, compound 7b showed an additive effect (CI = 1.14). While docking analysis showed a possible interaction of 7b with the Plasmodium protease PfSUB1, with an optimum binding affinity of -7.02 kcal/mol, the rather low inhibition displayed on a Bacillus licheniformis subtilisin A protease activity assay (IC50 = 93 µM) and the observed accumulation of ring forms together with a delay of appearance of trophozoites in vitro suggests that the main target of 3β-butanoyl betulinic acid on Plasmodium may be related to other molecules and processes pertaining to the ring stage. Therefore, compound 7b is the most promising compound for further studies on antimalarial chemotherapy. The results obtained in this study provide suitable information about scaffolds to develop novel antimalarials from natural sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Tasca Cargnin
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Síntese Orgânica, Faculdade de Fármacia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Andressa Finkler Staudt
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Síntese Orgânica, Faculdade de Fármacia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Medeiros
- Plataforma de Bioensaios de Malária e Leishmaniose, FIOCRUZ, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Grace Gosmann
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Síntese Orgânica, Faculdade de Fármacia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Puyet
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular IV, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Simone Baggio Gnoatto
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Síntese Orgânica, Faculdade de Fármacia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Venturi CR, Bordignon SADL, Roehe PM, Montanha JA, Cibulski SP, Gosmann G. Chemical analysis and antiviral activity evaluation of Baccharis anomala. Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:1960-1962. [PMID: 28722502 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1354186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The chemical composition and antiviral activity of aqueous extract from Baccharis anomala was studied by bioactivity-guided fractionation. Ethanol precipitation and fractionation by molecular permeation allowed the separation of the anti-herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) active fraction from aqueous extract (Fraction B). Natural Product Reagent A, FeCl3 and thin-layer chromatography indicated the presence of phenolic compounds in the aqueous extract. Fraction B showed pronounced antiviral activity when tested with HSV-1 strains VR733/ATCC and Acyclovir-resistant 29-R, displaying virucidal but not virustatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Rita Venturi
- a Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Michel Roehe
- c Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS) , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Jarbas Alves Montanha
- a Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Samuel Paulo Cibulski
- c Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS) , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Grace Gosmann
- a Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre , Brazil
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Yendo ACA, de Costa F, Kauffmann C, Fleck JD, Gosmann G, Fett-Neto AG. Purification of an Immunoadjuvant Saponin Fraction from Quillaja brasiliensis Leaves by Reversed-Phase Silica Gel Chromatography. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1494:87-93. [PMID: 27718187 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6445-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Saponins include a large variety of molecules that find several applications in pharmacology. The use of Quillaja saponaria saponins as immunological adjuvants in vaccines is of interest due to their capacity to stimulate both humoral and cellular responses. The congener species Q. brasiliensis has saponins with chemical similarities and adjuvant activity comparable to that of Q. saponaria fraction Quil-A®, with additional advantages of showing lower toxicity and reduced hemolytic activity. Here we describe in detail the methods for preparing the aqueous extract from Q. brasiliensis leaves, as well as the purification of the bioactive saponin fraction QB-90 using silica reversed-phase chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C A Yendo
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology and Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), CP 15005, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Costa
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology and Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), CP 15005, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Carla Kauffmann
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Univates University Center, Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliane D Fleck
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Grace Gosmann
- Phytochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Arthur G Fett-Neto
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology and Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), CP 15005, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil.
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da Silva GN, Trindade FT, Dos Santos F, Gosmann G, E Silva AA, Gnoatto SC. Larvicidal activity of natural and modified triterpenoids against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Pest Manag Sci 2016; 72:1883-7. [PMID: 27501778 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insecticide resistance to commonly used substances demands new molecules for the chemical control of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti. Because natural product sources have been an alternative to obtain larvicidal compounds, the aim of this study was to evaluate the triterpenoids betulinic (BA) and ursolic (UA) acids and their semi-synthetic derivatives against larval Ae. aegypti. BA, UA, ten derivatives modified at the C-3 position and a positive control (diflubenzuron) were evaluated. Larvicidal assays were carried out with early fourth-instar larvae, and mortality was observed between 48 and 96 h. Doses from 200 to 10 ppm were used to calculate lethal concentrations (LCs). RESULTS Natural compounds, i.e. UA and BA, had the lowest LCs (LC50 of 112 and 142 ppm respectively), except for the modified compound 2b (LC50 of 130 ppm). Larvicidal activity increased significantly from 48 to 96 h for all the compounds evaluated, ranging from 20 to 50% after 48 h and from 48 to 76% after 96 h. Some derivatives, e.g. 2a and 2d, had up to a three-fold larvicidal activity increase from 48 to 96 h. CONCLUSION BA, UA and their derivatives showed larvicidal activity against Ae. aegypti larvae, increasing significantly from 48 to 96 h. The presence of a hydroxyl group is essential for larvicidal potential in these triterpenoids. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Ns da Silva
- Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Frances Tt Trindade
- Insect Bioecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Federal University of Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Francine Dos Santos
- Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Grace Gosmann
- Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A E Silva
- Insect Bioecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Federal University of Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Simone Cb Gnoatto
- Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Allemand A, Leonardi BF, Zimmer AR, Moreno S, Romão PRT, Gosmann G. Red Pepper (Capsicum baccatum) Extracts Present Anti-Inflammatory Effects In Vivo and Inhibit the Production of TNF-α and NO In Vitro. J Med Food 2016; 19:759-67. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2015.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Allemand
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis, Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bianca Franco Leonardi
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis, Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Aline Rigon Zimmer
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis, Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Susana Moreno
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Catholic University Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Pedro Roosevelt Torres Romão
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Grace Gosmann
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis, Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Yendo ACA, de Costa F, Cibulski SP, Teixeira TF, Colling LC, Mastrogiovanni M, Soulé S, Roehe PM, Gosmann G, Ferreira FA, Fett-Neto AG. A rabies vaccine adjuvanted with saponins from leaves of the soap tree (Quillaja brasiliensis) induces specific immune responses and protects against lethal challenge. Vaccine 2016; 34:2305-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Cibulski SP, Silveira F, Mourglia-Ettlin G, Teixeira TF, dos Santos HF, Yendo AC, de Costa F, Fett-Neto AG, Gosmann G, Roehe PM. Quillaja brasiliensis saponins induce robust humoral and cellular responses in a bovine viral diarrhea virus vaccine in mice. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 45:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kiekow CJ, Figueiró F, Dietrich F, Vechia LD, Pires EN, Jandrey EH, Gnoatto SC, Salbego CG, Battastini AMO, Gosmann G. Quercetin derivative induces cell death in glioma cells by modulating NF-κB nuclear translocation and caspase-3 activation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 84:116-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Leão RAC, Lopes RDO, de M. Bezerra MA, Muniz MN, Casanova BB, Gnoatto SCB, Gosmann G, Kocsis L, de Souza RO, de M. Miranda LS. Studies on the continuous-flow synthesis of nonpeptidal bis-tetrahydrofuran moiety of Darunavir. J Flow Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1556/1846.2015.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Silva GNS, Rezende LCD, Emery FS, Gosmann G, Gnoatto SCB. Natural and Semi synthetic Antimalarial Compounds: Emphasis on the Terpene Class. Mini Rev Med Chem 2015; 15:809-36. [PMID: 25553426 DOI: 10.2174/1389557515666150101101519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is one of the most important tropical diseases since more than 40% of the world population is at risk. This disease is endemic to more than 100 nations and remains one of the main leading causes of death in children less than five years of age worldwide. Natural product-derived compounds have played a major role in drug discovery, often as prototypes to obtain more active semi synthetic derivatives. Antimalarial pharmacotherapy is a significant example of plant-derived medicines, such as quinine and artemisinin. This review highlights studies on terpenes and their semi synthetic derivatives from natural sources with antimalarial activity reported in the literature during eleven years (2002-2013). A total of 114 compounds are found among terpenes and their semi synthetic derivatives. Cytotoxicity of the compounds is also found in this review. Furthermore, the physicochemical properties of the terpenes addressed are discussed based on seven well established descriptors, which provide a useful source for the elaboration of a terpene library of antimalarial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - S C B Gnoatto
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy School, UFRGS, Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil.
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Silva GNS, Schuck DC, Cruz LN, Moraes MS, Nakabashi M, Gosmann G, Garcia CRS, Gnoatto SCB. Investigation of antimalarial activity, cytotoxicity and action mechanism of piperazine derivatives of betulinic acid. Trop Med Int Health 2014; 20:29-39. [PMID: 25308185 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To semisynthesise piperazine derivatives of betulinic acid to evaluate antimalarial activity, cytotoxicity and action mechanism. METHODS The new derivatives were evaluated against the CQ-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain by flow cytometry (FC) using YOYO-1 as stain. Cytotoxicity of 4a and 4b was performed with HEK293T cells for 24 and 48 h by MTT assay. The capability of compound 4a to modulate Ca(2+) in the trophozoite stage was investigated. The trophozoites were stained with Fluo4-AM and analysed by spectrofluorimetry. Effect on mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was tested for 4a by FC with DiOC6 (3) as stain. For β-haematin assay, 4a was incubated for 24 h with reagents such as haemin, and the fluorescence was measured by FlexStation at an absorbance of 405 nm. RESULTS Antimalarial activity of 4a and 4b was IC50 = 1 and 4 μm, respectively. Compound 4a displayed cytotoxicity with IC50 = 69 and 29 μm for 24 and 48 h, respectively, and 4b was not cytotoxic at the tested concentrations. Addition of 4a leads to an increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) . We have measured ΔΨm after treating parasites with the compound. Data on Figure 4a show that mitochondria were not affected. The action mechanism for 4a, inhibition of β-haematin formation (17%), was lower than CQ treatment (83%; IC50 = 3 mm). CONCLUSION Compound 4a showed excellent antimalarial activity, and its action mechanism is involved in Ca(2+) pathway(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria N S Silva
- Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Plasmodium Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
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Yendo A, Costa F, Costa C, Colling L, Gosmann G, Fett-Neto A. Biosynthesis of Plant Triterpenoid Saponins: Genes, Enzymes and their Regulation. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x1103140915111425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Innocente AM, Vieira PDB, Frasson AP, Casanova BB, Gosmann G, Gnoatto SCB, Tasca T. Anti-Trichomonas vaginalis activity from triterpenoid derivatives. Parasitol Res 2014; 113:2933-40. [PMID: 24880238 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-3955-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated parasite that causes trichomonosis, the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease (STD) in the world. Worryingly, trichomonosis is associated to increased transmission of HIV. Due to high frequency of the infection during pregnancy and the development of metronidazole-resistant isolates, therapeutic alternatives to 5-nitroimidazole are being searched. Triterpenes are natural products presenting several biological activities such as anti-protozoal activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro anti-T. vaginalis activity from betulinic and ursolic acids, as well as semisynthetic derivatives obtained. Compounds obtained from betulinic acid presented better activity than those from ursolic acid. Piperazine derivatived from betulinic acid presented minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 91.2 μM, and the kinetic growth curve performed with parasites treated with this most active compound revealed complete inhibition of trophozoite proliferation at 2 h of incubation and total abolition of trophozoite growth in 24 h, revealing that the piperazine derivative is an efficient trichomonacidal molecule. The same compound promoted total erythrocyte lysis and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) liberation of 83 and 100% (at 45.6 and 91.2 μM, respectively), indicating parasite membrane damage. The piperazine derivative demonstrated cytotoxic effect against the HMVII and HeLa cell lineages at the MIC value. This is the first report of semisynthetic triterpenoid derivatives with anti-T. vaginalis activity, revealing the high potential of these compounds as trichomonacidal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrine Maria Innocente
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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22
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de Oliveira SQ, Kappel VD, Pires VS, Lencina CL, Sonnet P, Moreira JCF, Gosmann G. Antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds from Baccharis articulata and B. usterii. Nat Prod Commun 2014; 9:941-942. [PMID: 25230498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
As a continuation of our research on the Baccharis genus, the evaluation of the antioxidant effect by TRAP and TBARS assays of three isolated compounds from n-butanol fractions of B. articulata and B. usterii is reported. The structures of these compounds were established as 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-3,5-dimethoxybenzyl-methanol (1), 5-O-[E]-dicaffeoylquinic acid (2), and 7-hydroxy-5,4'-dimethoxyflavone (3). In the TRAP assay it was possible to observe an antioxidant effect of both n-butanol fractions at 1.25 microg/mL. Among the isolated compounds, compound 2 displayed a remarkable contribution to the total antioxidant capacity of the n-butanol fraction of B. usterii. Moreover, the n-butanol fractions of both species, compounds 1 and 2 at 40.0 microg/mL were efficient in protection of lipid peroxidation in the TBARS experiment. They are promising lead compounds for use in medicinal chemistry studies.
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de Oliveira SQ, Kappel VD, Pires VS, Lencina CL, Sonnet P, Moreira JCF, Gosmann G. Antioxidant Properties of Phenolic Compounds from Baccharis articulata and B. usterii. Nat Prod Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1400900714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As a continuation of our research on the Baccharis genus, the evaluation of the antioxidant effect by TRAP and TBARS assays of three isolated compounds from n-butanol fractions of B. articulata and B. usterii is reported. The structures of these compounds were established as 4- O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-3,5-dimethoxybenzyl-methanol (1), 5- O-[ E]-dicaffeoylquinic acid (2), and 7-hydroxy-5,4′-dimethoxyflavone (3). In the TRAP assay it was possible to observe an antioxidant effect of both n-butanol fractions at 1.25 μg/mL. Among the isolated compounds, compound 2 displayed a remarkable contribution to the total antioxidant capacity of the n-butanol fraction of B. usterii. Moreover, the n-butanol fractions of both species, compounds 1 and 2 at 40.0 μg/mL were efficient in protection of lipid peroxidation in the TBARS experiment. They are promising lead compounds for use in medicinal chemistry studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Quintana de Oliveira
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Virgínia Demarchi Kappel
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Viviane Silva Pires
- Laboratoire des Glucides, FRE CNRS 3517, UFR de Pharmacie Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens cedex 1, France
| | - Claiton Leoneti Lencina
- Laboratoire des Glucides, FRE CNRS 3517, UFR de Pharmacie Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens cedex 1, France
| | - Pascal Sonnet
- Laboratoire des Glucides, FRE CNRS 3517, UFR de Pharmacie Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens cedex 1, France
| | - José Cláudio F. Moreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Grace Gosmann
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil
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Duarte MO, Lunardelli S, Kiekow CJ, Stein AC, Müller L, Stolz E, Rates SMK, Gosmann G. Phloroglucinol derivatives present an antidepressant-like effect in the mice tail suspension test (TST). Nat Prod Commun 2014; 9:671-674. [PMID: 25026718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The antidepressant-like effects of phloroglucinol and seven synthetic related derivatives were investigated using the tail suspension test (TST) in mice. Compounds 2-methyl-1-[2,4,6-trihydroxy-3-(2-methylpropanoyl)phenyl] propan-l-one (5), 1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)ethan-l-one (6), 1-(3-acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)ethan-l-one (7), 2-methyl-1 -[2,4,6-trihydroxy-3-(2-methylpropanoyl)-5-{ [2,4,6-trihydroxy-3,5-bis(2-methylpropanoyl)phenyl]methyl phenyl] propan-1-one (9) and 1-{3-acetyl-5-[(3,5-diacetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl}ethan-1-one (10), containing acyl groups, decreased the immobile behavior of mice treated orally with equimolar doses of imipramine 20 mg/kg, with no alterations in locomotor activity as assessed by the open-field test. These results suggest that these phloroglucinol derivatives could represent a new molecular model in the search for antidepressant drugs.
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25
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Duarte MO, Lunardelli S, Kiekow CJ, Stein AC, Müller L, Stolz E, Rates SMK, Gosmann G. Phloroglucinol Derivatives Present an Antidepressant-like Effect in the Mice Tail Suspension Test (TST). Nat Prod Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1400900522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The antidepressant-like effects of phloroglucinol and seven synthetic related derivatives were investigated using the tail suspension test (TST) in mice. Compounds 2-methyl-1-[2,4,6-trihydroxy-3-(2-methylpropanoyl)phenyl] propan-1-one (5), 1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)ethan-1-one (6), 1-(3-acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)ethan-1-one (7), 2-methyl-1-[2,4,6-trihydroxy-3-(2-methylpropanoyl)-5-{[2,4,6-trihydroxy-3,5-bis(2-methylpropanoyl)phenyl]methyl} phenyl] propan-1-one (9) and 1-{3-acetyl-5-[(3,5-diacetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl}ethan-1-one (10), containing acyl groups, decreased the immobile behavior of mice treated orally with equimolar doses of imipramine 20 mg/kg, with no alterations in locomotor activity as assessed by the open-field test. These results suggest that these phloroglucinol derivatives could represent a new molecular model in the search for antidepressant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mônica Oliveira Duarte
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Síntese Orgânica (LAFIS), Faculdade de Farmácia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Soraia Lunardelli
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Síntese Orgânica (LAFIS), Faculdade de Farmácia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Cíntia Janine Kiekow
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Síntese Orgânica (LAFIS), Faculdade de Farmácia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Stein
- Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia Experimental, Faculdade de Farmácia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Liz Müller
- Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia Experimental, Faculdade de Farmácia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Eveline Stolz
- Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia Experimental, Faculdade de Farmácia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Stela Maris Kuze Rates
- Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia Experimental, Faculdade de Farmácia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Grace Gosmann
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Síntese Orgânica (LAFIS), Faculdade de Farmácia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
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Innocente A, Casanova BB, Klein F, Lana AD, Pereira D, Muniz MN, Sonnet P, Gosmann G, Fuentefria AM, Gnoatto SCB. Synthesis of isosteric triterpenoid derivatives and antifungal activity. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 83:344-9. [PMID: 24138556 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Dermatomycoses are among the most widespread and common superficial and cutaneous fungal infections in humans. There is an urgent need to develop efficient and non-toxic antimycotic agents with a specific spectrum of activity. Triterpenes have been demonstrated to exhibit a wide range of biological activities, including antifungal activities. In this study, through hemisynthesis, we aimed to obtain triterpene-isosteric molecules from betulinic and ursolic acids to improve the antifungal activity and spectrum of action of these compounds. Six compounds were resynthesized and tested against eleven mucocutaneous and cutaneous mycotic agents. The results of the susceptibility assays were expressed as the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). The MIC values of the piperazinyl derivatives of ursolic and betulinic acids that were active against pathogenic yeasts were in the range of 16-32 μg/mL and 4-16 μg/mL, respectively, whereas fungicidal effects were observed at concentrations ranging from 16 to 128 μg/mL and 8 to 128 μg/mL, respectively. The piperazinyl derivative of betulinic acid exhibited an antifungal profile similar to that of terbinafine and was the most effective derivative against dermatophytes. This strategy led to a promising candidate for the development of a new antifungal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrine Innocente
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Síntese Orgânica, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, RS, Brazil
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Santos R, Oliveira D, Sodré G, Gosmann G, Brendel M, Pungartnik C. Antimicrobial activity of fermented Theobroma cacao pod husk extract. Genet Mol Res 2014; 13:7725-35. [DOI: 10.4238/2014.september.26.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Dalla-Vechia L, Kiekow C, Leal I, Santos K, Gnoatto S, Verli H, Souza R, Gosmann G. Synthesis of Oxygenated Chalcones with Anti-Staphylococcal Activity. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2013. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180810666131125221032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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29
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de Oliveira CB, Comunello LN, Maciel ÉS, Giubel SR, Bruno AN, Chiela ECF, Lenz G, Gnoatto SCB, Buffon A, Gosmann G. The inhibitory effects of phenolic and terpenoid compounds from Baccharis trimera in Siha cells: differences in their activity and mechanism of action. Molecules 2013; 18:11022-32. [PMID: 24022763 PMCID: PMC6270023 DOI: 10.3390/molecules180911022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Baccharis trimera is used in folk medicine as a tea for digestive and liver diseases. It possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that are related to the presence of phenolic compounds. The aim of this work was to investigate the anti-proliferative properties of phenolic (PHE) and terpenoid (SAP) compounds from B. trimera on human cervical cancer. The treatment of SiHa cells with PHE for 24 h suppressed colony formation in a dose-dependent manner, inhibited proliferation and inhibited cell motility. Although SAP inhibited the proliferation of SiHa cells in a dose-dependent manner, it increased colony formation and did not inhibit cell motility. PHE and SAP also promoted a significant increase in lactate dehydrogenase levels in the culture medium in a dose-dependent manner, indicating a loss of cell membrane integrity. Moreover, PHE promoted necrotic cell death, whereas SAP induced apoptosis. These compounds are new anticancer prototypes due their significant anticancer activity demonstrated herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane B. de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Síntese Orgânica (LAFIS), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.B.O.); (L.N.C.); (É.S.M.); (S.C.B.G.)
- Laboratório de Análises Bioquímicas e Citológicas (LABC), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil; E-Mail:
| | - Lucimara N. Comunello
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Síntese Orgânica (LAFIS), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.B.O.); (L.N.C.); (É.S.M.); (S.C.B.G.)
| | - Érica S. Maciel
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Síntese Orgânica (LAFIS), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.B.O.); (L.N.C.); (É.S.M.); (S.C.B.G.)
| | - Scheron R. Giubel
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia, Porto Alegre 90030-041, RS, Brazil; E-Mails: (S.R.G.); (A.N.B.)
| | - Alessandra N. Bruno
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia, Porto Alegre 90030-041, RS, Brazil; E-Mails: (S.R.G.); (A.N.B.)
| | - Eduardo C. F. Chiela
- Laboratório de Sinalização e Plasticidade Celular, Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil; E-Mails: (E.C.F.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Guido Lenz
- Laboratório de Sinalização e Plasticidade Celular, Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil; E-Mails: (E.C.F.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Simone C. B. Gnoatto
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Síntese Orgânica (LAFIS), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.B.O.); (L.N.C.); (É.S.M.); (S.C.B.G.)
| | - Andréia Buffon
- Laboratório de Análises Bioquímicas e Citológicas (LABC), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil; E-Mail:
| | - Grace Gosmann
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Síntese Orgânica (LAFIS), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.B.O.); (L.N.C.); (É.S.M.); (S.C.B.G.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +55-51-3308-5516; Fax: +55-51-3308-5437
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de Costa F, Yendo ACA, Fleck JD, Gosmann G, Fett-Neto AG. Accumulation of a bioactive triterpene saponin fraction of Quillaja brasiliensis leaves is associated with abiotic and biotic stresses. Plant Physiol Biochem 2013; 66:56-62. [PMID: 23474431 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The saponins from leaves of Quillaja brasiliensis, a native species from Southern Brazil, show structural and functional similarities to those of Quillaja saponaria barks, which are currently used as adjuvants in vaccine formulations. The accumulation patterns of an immunoadjuvant fraction of leaf triterpene saponins (QB-90) in response to stress factors were examined, aiming at understanding the regulation of accumulation of these metabolites. The content of QB-90 in leaf disks was significantly increased by application of different osmotic stress agents, such as sorbitol, sodium chloride and polyethylene glycol in isosmotic concentrations. Higher yields of bioactive saponins were also observed upon exposure to salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, ultrasound and UV-C light. Experiments with shoots indicated a significant increase in QB-90 yields with moderate increases in white light irradiance and by mechanical damage applied to leaves. The increased accumulation of these terpenes may be part of a defense response. The results herein described may contribute to further advance knowledge on the regulation of accumulation of bioactive saponins, and at defining strategies to improve yields of these useful metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda de Costa
- Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Fleck JD, de Costa F, Yendo AC, Segalin J, Dalla Costa TC, Fett-Neto AG, Gosmann G. Determination of new immunoadjuvant saponin named QB-90, and analysis of its organ-specific distribution inQuillaja brasiliensisby HPLC. Nat Prod Res 2013; 27:907-10. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2012.666751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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da Silva GNS, Maria NRG, Schuck DC, Cruz LN, de Moraes MS, Nakabashi M, Graebin C, Gosmann G, Garcia CRS, Gnoatto SCB. Two series of new semisynthetic triterpene derivatives: differences in anti-malarial activity, cytotoxicity and mechanism of action. Malar J 2013; 12:89. [PMID: 23497003 PMCID: PMC3616855 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-12-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The discovery and development of anti-malarial compounds of plant origin and semisynthetic derivatives thereof, such as quinine (QN) and chloroquine (CQ), has highlighted the importance of these compounds in the treatment of malaria. Ursolic acid analogues bearing an acetyl group at C-3 have demonstrated significant anti-malarial activity. With this in mind, two new series of betulinic acid (BA) and ursolic acid (UA) derivatives with ester groups at C-3 were synthesized in an attempt to improve anti-malarial activity, reduce cytotoxicity, and search for new targets. In vitro activity against CQ-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 and an evaluation of cytotoxicity in a mammalian cell line (HEK293T) are reported. Furthermore, two possible mechanisms of action of anti-malarial compounds have been evaluated: effects on mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and inhibition of β-haematin formation. RESULTS Among the 18 derivatives synthesized, those having shorter side chains were most effective against CQ-sensitive P. falciparum 3D7, and were non-cytotoxic. These derivatives were three to five times more active than BA and UA. A DiOC(6)(3) ΔΨm assay showed that mitochondria are not involved in their mechanism of action. Inhibition of β-haematin formation by the active derivatives was weaker than with CQ. Compounds of the BA series were generally more active against P. falciparum 3D7 than those of the UA series. CONCLUSIONS Three new anti-malarial prototypes were obtained from natural sources through an easy and relatively inexpensive synthesis. They represent an alternative for new lead compounds for anti-malarial chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria NS da Silva
- Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
- Plasmodium Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, São Paulo University, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Nicole RG Maria
- Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Desirée C Schuck
- Plasmodium Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, São Paulo University, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Laura N Cruz
- Plasmodium Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, São Paulo University, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Miriam S de Moraes
- Plasmodium Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, São Paulo University, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Myna Nakabashi
- Plasmodium Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, São Paulo University, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Cedric Graebin
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica, 23897/000, Brazil
| | - Grace Gosmann
- Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Célia RS Garcia
- Plasmodium Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, São Paulo University, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Simone CB Gnoatto
- Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
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Braga A, Stein AC, Dischkaln Stolz E, Dallegrave E, Buffon A, do Rego JC, Gosmann G, Fialho Viana A, Kuze Rates SM. Repeated administration of an aqueous spray-dried extract of the leaves of Passiflora alata Curtis (Passifloraceae) inhibits body weight gain without altering mice behavior. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 145:59-66. [PMID: 23107823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Passiflora alata is a Southern American species that constitutes many traditional remedies as well as phytomedicines used for sedative and anxiolytic purposes in Brazil. However studies on repeated treatment effects are scarce. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate behavioral, physiological and biochemical effects of the repeated treatment with an aqueous spray-dried extract of Passiflora alata leaves containing 2.5% (w/v) of flavonoids (PA) in mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS Male adult CF1 mice were treated (p.o.) for 14 days with PA (2.5; 25 or 250 mg/kg). The feeding behavior was evaluated at the beginning (1h after the first administration) and at the end of the treatment (15th day). The body weight gain and food consumption were monitored along the days. On day 15 mice were evaluated on plus maze, spontaneous locomotor activity, catalepsy and barbiturate sleeping time tests. Serum glucose, lipids, ALT and AST enzymes were determined. Liver, kidney, perirenal fat, epididymal and peritoneal fat were analyzed. RESULTS The repeated treatment with the highest dose tested (250 mg/kg) did not alter the mice behavior on open field, elevated plus maze, catalepsy and barbiturate sleeping time tests. Repeated administration of PA 250 decreased mice feeding behavior and weight gain. PA 25 and PA 250 reduced mice relative liver weight and caused mild hepatic hydropic degeneration as well as a decrease in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) serum level. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that Passiflora alata does not present central cumulative effects and point to the needs of further studies searching for its hepatotoxicity as well as potential anorexigenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Braga
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil
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Dahmer T, Berger M, Barlette AG, Reck J, Segalin J, Verza S, Ortega GG, Gnoatto SCB, Guimarães JA, Verli H, Gosmann G. Antithrombotic effect of chikusetsusaponin IVa isolated from Ilex paraguariensis (Maté). J Med Food 2012; 15:1073-80. [PMID: 23134458 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2011.0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The triterpene chikusetsusaponin IVa was isolated from the fruit of Ilex paraguariensis. Using biochemical and pharmacological methods, we demonstrated that chikusetsusaponin IVa (1) prolongs the recalcification time, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and thrombin time of normal human plasma in a dose-dependent manner, (2) inhibits the amidolytic activity of thrombin and factor Xa upon synthetic substrates S2238 and S2222, (3) inhibits thrombin-induced fibrinogen clotting (50% inhibition concentration, 199.4 ± 9.1 μM), and (4) inhibits thrombin- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation. The results also indicate that chikusetsusaponin IVa preferentially inhibits thrombin in a competitive manner (K(i)=219.6 μM). Furthermore, when administered intravenously to rats, chikusetsusaponin IVa inhibited thrombus formation in a stasis model of venous thrombosis, although it did not induce a significant bleeding effect. Chikusetsusaponin IVa also prolonged the ex vivo activated partial thromboplastin time. Altogether, these data suggest that chikusetsusaponin IVa exerts antithrombotic effects, including minor hemorrhagic events. This appears to be important for the development of new therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabitha Dahmer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Innocente AM, Silva GNS, Cruz LN, Moraes MS, Nakabashi M, Sonnet P, Gosmann G, Garcia CRS, Gnoatto SCB. Synthesis and antiplasmodial activity of betulinic acid and ursolic acid analogues. Molecules 2012; 17:12003-14. [PMID: 23085651 PMCID: PMC6268073 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171012003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 40% of the World population is at risk of contracting malaria, which affects primarily poor populations in tropical and subtropical areas. Antimalarial pharmacotherapy has utilised plant-derived products such as quinine and artemisinin as well as their derivatives. However, worldwide use of these antimalarials has caused the spread of resistant parasites, resulting in increased malaria morbidity and mortality. Considering that the literature has demonstrated the antimalarial potential of triterpenes, specially betulinic acid (1) and ursolic acid (2), this study investigated the antimalarial activity against P. falciparum chloroquine-sensitive 3D7 strain of some new derivatives of 1 and 2 with modifications at C-3 and C-28. The antiplasmodial study employed flow cytometry and spectrofluorimetric analyses using YOYO-1, dihydroethidium and Fluo4/AM for staining. Among the six analogues obtained, compounds 1c and 2c showed excellent activity (IC₅₀ = 220 and 175 nM, respectively) while 1a and b demonstrated good activity (IC₅₀ = 4 and 5 μM, respectively). After cytotoxicity evaluation against HEK293T cells, 1a was not toxic, while 1c and 2c showed IC₅₀ of 4 μM and a selectivity index (SI) value of 18 and 23, respectively. Moreover, compound 2c, which presents the best antiplasmodial activity, is involved in the calcium-regulated pathway(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrine M. Innocente
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Síntese Orgânica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil; (A.M.I.); (G.N.S.S.); (G.G.)
| | - Gloria N. S. Silva
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Síntese Orgânica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil; (A.M.I.); (G.N.S.S.); (G.G.)
| | - Laura Nogueira Cruz
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular de Plasmodium, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, USP. Rua do Matão, travessa 14, 321, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil; (L.N.C.); (M.S.M.); (M.N.); (C.R.S.G.)
| | - Miriam S. Moraes
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular de Plasmodium, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, USP. Rua do Matão, travessa 14, 321, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil; (L.N.C.); (M.S.M.); (M.N.); (C.R.S.G.)
| | - Myna Nakabashi
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular de Plasmodium, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, USP. Rua do Matão, travessa 14, 321, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil; (L.N.C.); (M.S.M.); (M.N.); (C.R.S.G.)
| | - Pascal Sonnet
- Laboratoire des Glucides, FRE CNRS 3517, UFR de Pharmacie Université de Picardie Jules Verne1, Rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens cedex 1, France
| | - Grace Gosmann
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Síntese Orgânica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil; (A.M.I.); (G.N.S.S.); (G.G.)
| | - Célia R. S. Garcia
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular de Plasmodium, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, USP. Rua do Matão, travessa 14, 321, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil; (L.N.C.); (M.S.M.); (M.N.); (C.R.S.G.)
| | - Simone C. B. Gnoatto
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Síntese Orgânica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil; (A.M.I.); (G.N.S.S.); (G.G.)
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Gosmann G, Barlette AG, Dhamer T, Arçari DP, Santos JC, de Camargo ER, Acedo S, Gambero A, Gnoatto SCB, Ribeiro ML. Phenolic compounds from maté (Ilex paraguariensis) inhibit adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2012; 67:156-161. [PMID: 22544347 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-012-0289-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Leaves of Ilex paraguariensis are used to prepare a tea known as maté which is a common beverage in several South American countries. The ethanol extract was fractionated to identify the compounds responsible for the anti-adipogenic activity in 3T3-L1 cells. Extracts of both fresh and dried maté leaves were subjected to column chromatography using molecular permeation to obtain the saponin (20 % yields) and the polyphenol extracts (40 % yields) from the fresh and dried leaves. The phenolic content was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis and the Folin-Ciocalteau method. Also, maté extracts (50 μg/ml to 1,000 μg/ml) did not display citotoxicity using MTT. The polyphenol extract from the dried leaves was the most effective (50 μg/ml) in the inhibition of triglyceride accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and rutin (100 μg/ml) likely accounted for a large portion of this activity. Additionally, maté extracts had a modulatory effect on the expression of genes related to the adipogenesis as PPARγ2, leptin, TNF-α and C/EBPα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Gosmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Av. Ipiranga 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Verza SG, de Resende PE, Kaiser S, Quirici L, Teixeira HF, Gosmann G, Ferreira F, Ortega GG. Micellar aggregates of saponins from Chenopodium quinoa: characterization by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Pharmazie 2012; 67:288-292. [PMID: 22570933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Entire seeds of Chenopodium quinoa Willd are a rich protein source and are also well-known for their high saponin content. Due to their amphiphily quinoa saponins are able to form intricate micellar aggregates in aqueous media. In this paper we study the aggregates formed by self-association of these compounds from two quinoa saponin fractions (FQ70 and FQ90) as well as several distinctive nanostructures obtained after their complexation with different ratios of cholesterol (CHOL) and phosphatidylcholine (PC). The FQ70 and FQ90 fractions were obtained by reversed-phase preparative chromatography. The structural features of their resulting aggregates were determined by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Novel nanosized spherical vesicles formed by self-association with mean diameter about 100-200 nm were observed in FQ70 aqueous solutions whereas worm-like micelles an approximate width of 20 nm were detected in FQ90 aqueous solutions. Under experimental conditions similar to those reported for the preparation of Quillaja saponaria ISCOM matrices, tubular and ring-like micelles arose from FQ70:CHOL:PC and FQ90:CHOL:PC formulations, respectively. However, under these conditions no cage-like ISCOM matrices were observed. The saponin composition of FQ70 and FQ90 seems to determine the nanosized structures viewed by TEM. Phytolaccagenic acid, predominant in FQ70 and FQ90 fractions, is accountable for the formation of the nanosized vesicles and tubular structures observed by TEM in the aqueous solutions of both samples. Conversely, ring-like micelles observed in FQ90:CHOL:PC complexes can be attributed to the presence of less polar saponins present in FQ90, in particular those derived from oleanolic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Verza
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Verza SG, Silveira F, Cibulski S, Kaiser S, Ferreira F, Gosmann G, Roehe PM, Ortega GG. Immunoadjuvant activity, toxicity assays, and determination by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS of triterpenic saponins from Chenopodium quinoa seeds. J Agric Food Chem 2012; 60:3113-3118. [PMID: 22394456 DOI: 10.1021/jf205010c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The adjuvant activity of Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa) saponins on the humoral and cellular immune responses of mice subcutaneously immunized with ovalbumin (OVA) was evaluated. Two quinoa saponin fractions were obtained, FQ70 and FQ90, and 10 saponins were determined by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS. Mice were immunized subcutaneously with OVA alone or adjuvanted with Quil A (adjuvant control), FQ70, or FQ90. FQ70 and FQ90 significantly enhanced the amount of anti-OVA-specific antibodies in serum (IgG, IgG1, and IgG2b) in immunized mice. The adjuvant effect of FQ70 was significantly greater than that of FQ90. However, delayed type hypersensitivity responses were higher in mice immunized with OVA adjuvanted with FQ90 than mice treated with FQ70. Concanavalin A (Con A)-, lipopolysaccharide-, and OVA-stimulated splenocyte proliferation were measured, and FQ90 significantly enhanced the Con A-induced splenocyte proliferation. The results suggested that the two quinoa saponin fractions enhanced significantly the production of humoral and cellular immune responses to OVA in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone G Verza
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Av. Ipiranga 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Dalla-Vechia L, Dassonville-Klimpt A, Grellier P, Sonnet P, Gosmann G, C.B. Gnoatto S. The Beckmann Rearrangement Applied to Ursolic Acid with Antimalarial Activity in Medicinal Chemistry Studies. LETT ORG CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.2174/157017812800221708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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de Oliveira CB, Comunello LN, Lunardelli A, Amaral RH, Pires MGS, da Silva GL, Manfredini V, Vargas CR, Gnoatto SCB, de Oliveira JR, Gosmann G. Phenolic enriched extract of Baccharis trimera presents anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Molecules 2012; 17:1113-23. [PMID: 22269829 PMCID: PMC6268486 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17011113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Baccharis trimera is a plant popularly used as a tea and to treat gastrointestinal diseases and inflammatory processes as well. The total phenolic content was determined and the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of six extracts (dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, butanol, aqueous, saponin and phenolic) from B. trimera were evaluated. Using carrageenan-induced pleurisy as a model of acute inflammation, the phenolic extract at 15 mg/kg decreased significantly the analyzed parameters when compared to the carrageenan group (p < 0.05), thus showing potential anti-inflammatory activity. The total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were evaluated by the Folin-Ciocalteau and DPPH methods, respectively. Phenolic and ethyl acetate extracts presented higher antioxidant activity (p < 0.05) than ascorbic acid. The phenolic extract also showed the highest antioxidant potential in relation to the other extracts, thus suggesting that the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were due to the presence of phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane B. de Oliveira
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil; (C.B.O.); (L.N.C.); (S.C.B.G.)
- Laboratório de Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS 90619-900, Brazil; (A.L.); (R.H.A.); (M.G.S.P.); (G.L.S.); (J.R.O.)
| | - Lucimara N. Comunello
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil; (C.B.O.); (L.N.C.); (S.C.B.G.)
| | - Adroaldo Lunardelli
- Laboratório de Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS 90619-900, Brazil; (A.L.); (R.H.A.); (M.G.S.P.); (G.L.S.); (J.R.O.)
| | - Robson H. Amaral
- Laboratório de Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS 90619-900, Brazil; (A.L.); (R.H.A.); (M.G.S.P.); (G.L.S.); (J.R.O.)
| | - Melissa G. S. Pires
- Laboratório de Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS 90619-900, Brazil; (A.L.); (R.H.A.); (M.G.S.P.); (G.L.S.); (J.R.O.)
| | - Gabriela Lucas da Silva
- Laboratório de Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS 90619-900, Brazil; (A.L.); (R.H.A.); (M.G.S.P.); (G.L.S.); (J.R.O.)
| | - Vanusa Manfredini
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil; (C.B.O.); (L.N.C.); (S.C.B.G.)
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Genética Médica, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS 93050-150, Brazil; (V.M.); (C.R.V.)
| | - Carmen Regla Vargas
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil; (C.B.O.); (L.N.C.); (S.C.B.G.)
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Genética Médica, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS 93050-150, Brazil; (V.M.); (C.R.V.)
| | - Simone C. B. Gnoatto
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil; (C.B.O.); (L.N.C.); (S.C.B.G.)
| | - Jarbas R. de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS 90619-900, Brazil; (A.L.); (R.H.A.); (M.G.S.P.); (G.L.S.); (J.R.O.)
| | - Grace Gosmann
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil; (C.B.O.); (L.N.C.); (S.C.B.G.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +55-51-3308-5526; Fax: +55-51-3308-5313
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Zimmer AR, Leonardi B, Miron D, Schapoval E, Oliveira JRD, Gosmann G. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Capsicum baccatum: from traditional use to scientific approach. J Ethnopharmacol 2012; 139:228-233. [PMID: 22100562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 10/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Peppers from Capsicum species (Solanaceae) are native to Central and South America, and are commonly used as food and also for a broad variety of medicinal applications. AIM OF THE STUDY The red pepper Capsicum baccatum var. pendulum is widely consumed in Brazil, but there are few reports in the literature of studies on its chemical composition and biological properties. In this study the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Capsicum baccatum were evaluated and the total phenolic compounds and flavonoid contents were determined. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antioxidant property was assayed by scavenging abilities using DPPH and the anti-inflammatory activity was tested through the carrageenan-induced pleurisy model in mice. The total phenolic compounds and flavonoid contents were determined spectrophotometrically. RESULTS The ethanolic and butanol extracts (200mg/kg, p.o.) presented a significant anti-inflammatory activity toward carrageenan-induced pleurisy model in mice in comparison to dexamethasone (0.5mg/kg, s.c.). Among the parameters evaluated, the treatment with these samples inhibited leukocyte migration and reduced the formation of exudate. The contents of flavonoids and total phenolic compounds could be correlated with the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities observed for Capsicum baccatum. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that Capsicum baccatum contains potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds which could be tested as drug candidates against oxidative and inflammation-related pathological processes in medicinal chemistry studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Rigon Zimmer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
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Rocha TD, de Brum Vieira P, Gnoatto SCB, Tasca T, Gosmann G. Anti-Trichomonas vaginalis activity of saponins from Quillaja, Passiflora, and Ilex species. Parasitol Res 2012; 110:2551-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2798-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gisele Barbon
- a Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Grace Gosmann
- a Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Bordignon
- b Curso de Biologia , Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA) , Canoas, RS, Brazil
- c Curso de Ciências Biológicas , Centro Universitário La Salle (UNILASALLE) , Canoas, Brazil
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Silveira F, Cibulski S, Varela A, Marqués J, Chabalgoity A, de Costa F, Yendo A, Gosmann G, Roehe P, Fernández C, Ferreira F. Quillaja brasiliensis saponins are less toxic than Quil A and have similar properties when used as an adjuvant for a viral antigen preparation. Vaccine 2011; 29:9177-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.09.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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de Costa F, C.A. Yendo A, D. Fleck J, Gosmann G, G. Fett-Neto A. Immunoadjuvant and Anti-Inflammatory Plant Saponins: Characteristics and Biotechnological Approaches Towards Sustainable Production. Mini Rev Med Chem 2011; 11:857-80. [DOI: 10.2174/138955711796575470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Silveira F, Rossi S, Fernández C, Gosmann G, Schenkel E, Ferreira F. Alum-type Adjuvant Effect of Non-haemolytic Saponins Purified from Ilex
and Passiflora
spp. Phytother Res 2011; 25:1783-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Silveira
- Laboratorio de Carbohidratos y Glicoconjugados; Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico/Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Medicina/Química; Instituto de Higiene; Alfredo Navarro 3051 CP 11600 Montevideo Uruguay
| | - S. Rossi
- Cátedra de Inmunología; Facultad de Química; Instituto de Higiene; Alfredo Navarro 3051 CP 11600 Montevideo Uruguay
| | - C. Fernández
- Cátedra de Inmunología; Facultad de Química; Instituto de Higiene; Alfredo Navarro 3051 CP 11600 Montevideo Uruguay
| | - G. Gosmann
- Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Ipiranga 2752; Porto Alegre 90610-000 RS Brazil
| | - E. Schenkel
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas; Centro de Ciencias da Saude; Universidad Federal de Santa Catarina; Campus Universitário-Trindade 88040-970 Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - F. Ferreira
- Laboratorio de Carbohidratos y Glicoconjugados; Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico/Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Medicina/Química; Instituto de Higiene; Alfredo Navarro 3051 CP 11600 Montevideo Uruguay
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Guillon J, Mouray E, Moreau S, Mullié C, Forfar I, Desplat V, Belisle-Fabre S, Pinaud N, Ravanello F, Le-Naour A, Léger JM, Gosmann G, Jarry C, Déléris G, Sonnet P, Grellier P. New ferrocenic pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline derivatives: synthesis, and in vitro antimalarial activity--Part II. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:2310-26. [PMID: 21458112 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Following our search for antimalarial compounds, novel series of ferrocenyl-substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines 1-2 were synthesized from ferrocene-carboxaldehyde and tested for their in vitro activity upon the erythrocytic development of Plasmodium falciparum strains with different chloroquine-resistance status. The ferrocenic pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines 1-2 were prepared in 6 or 9 steps through a Barton-Zard reaction. Promising pharmacological results against FcB1, K1 and F32 strains were obtained with ferrocenyl pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines 1j-l linked by a bis-(3-aminopropyl)piperazine linker substituted by a nitrobenzyl moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Guillon
- Université Bordeaux Segalen, Pharmacochimie, CNRS, Pharmacochimie, FRE 3396, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
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Lencina CL, Cardoso MCD, Zancanaro I, Gosmann G, Pires VS, Sonnet P, Guillaume D, Schenkel EP. Triterpenes and new saponins from Ilex chamaedryfolia: chemotaxonomic tool to ilex species differentiation. QUIM NOVA 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-40422011000200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Yendo ACA, de Costa F, Gosmann G, Fett-Neto AG. Production of plant bioactive triterpenoid saponins: elicitation strategies and target genes to improve yields. Mol Biotechnol 2010; 46:94-104. [PMID: 20204713 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-010-9257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Triterpenoid saponins are a class of plant secondary metabolites with structure derived from the precursor oxidosqualene in which one or more sugar residues are added. They have a wide range of pharmacological applications, such as antiplatelet, hypocholesterolemic, antitumoral, anti-HIV, immunoadjuvant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, insecticide, fungicide and anti-leishmanial agents. Their accumulation in plant cells is stimulated in response to changes mediated by biotic and abiotic elicitors. The enhancement of saponin yields by methyl jasmonate in plants and cell cultures in several species indicates the involvement of these metabolites in plant defence mechanisms. The elucidation of their biosynthesis at the molecular level has advanced recently. Most studies to date have focused on the participation of early enzymes in the pathway, including oxidosqualene cyclase, squalene synthase and dammarenediol synthase, as well as in isolating and characterizing genes that encode beta-amyrin synthase. Yields of bioactive saponins in various plant species and experimental systems have been successfully increased by treating cells and tissues with jasmonate or by exposing these to oxidative stress. These elicitation and molecular studies are consolidating a robust knowledge platform from which to launch the development of improved sources for commercial supply of bioactive saponins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C A Yendo
- Department of Botany, Graduate Program in Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Abstract
Green tea is one of the most consumed beverages in the world. Presently, Camellia sinensis has become a source not only for the development of several food extracts but also nutraceutical, cosmetic and medicinal purposes. The technology developed to produce these extracts aims to improve the organoleptic characteristics of the products as taste and smell, and their shelf life. But it also searches to demonstrate some medicinal attributes like antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-tumor and anti-viral activities in relation to the chemical composition of the green tea catechins, especially (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). The target of this review is to present the various patents related to the extraction methods and their claims, and to discuss the evidence found in the literature about the pharmacological activities of green tea. It summarizes the recent progress in technology to obtain the green tea extract and in clinical studies on its applications. Health-promoting products and disease-preventing applications of green tea extract or compounds isolated from it also take part of this text.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T Saito
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, BA, Brazil.
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