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Alasmar S, Huang J, Chopra K, Baumann E, Aylsworth A, Hewitt M, Sandhu JK, Tauskela JS, Ben RN, Jezierski A. Improved Cryopreservation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC) and iPSC-derived Neurons Using Ice-Recrystallization Inhibitors. Stem Cells 2023; 41:1006-1021. [PMID: 37622655 PMCID: PMC10631806 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxad059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and iPSC-derived neurons (iPSC-Ns) represent a differentiated modality toward developing novel cell-based therapies for regenerative medicine. However, the successful application of iPSC-Ns in cell-replacement therapies relies on effective cryopreservation. In this study, we investigated the role of ice recrystallization inhibitors (IRIs) as novel cryoprotectants for iPSCs and terminally differentiated iPSC-Ns. We found that one class of IRIs, N-aryl-D-aldonamides (specifically 2FA), increased iPSC post-thaw viability and recovery with no adverse effect on iPSC pluripotency. While 2FA supplementation did not significantly improve iPSC-N cell post-thaw viability, we observed that 2FA cryopreserved iPSC-Ns re-established robust neuronal network activity and synaptic function much earlier compared to CS10 cryopreserved controls. The 2FA cryopreserved iPSC-Ns retained expression of key neuronal specific and terminally differentiated markers and displayed functional electrophysiological and neuropharmacological responses following treatment with neuroactive agonists and antagonists. We demonstrate how optimizing cryopreservation media formulations with IRIs represents a promising strategy to improve functional cryopreservation of iPSCs and post-mitotic iPSC-Ns, the latter of which have been challenging to achieve. Developing IRI enabling technologies to support an effective cryopreservation and an efficiently managed cryo-chain is fundamental to support the delivery of successful iPSC-derived therapies to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Alasmar
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Science, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jez Huang
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Karishma Chopra
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Science, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ewa Baumann
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Amy Aylsworth
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Melissa Hewitt
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jagdeep K Sandhu
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, , Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Joseph S Tauskela
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Robert N Ben
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Science, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Anna Jezierski
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, , Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Improving Cell Recovery: Freezing and Thawing Optimization of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050799. [PMID: 35269421 PMCID: PMC8909336 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Achieving good cell recovery after cryopreservation is an essential process when working with induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). Optimized freezing and thawing methods are required for good cell attachment and survival. In this review, we concentrate on these two aspects, freezing and thawing, but also discuss further factors influencing cell recovery such as cell storage and transport. Whenever a problem occurs during the thawing process of iPSC, it is initially not clear what it is caused by, because there are many factors involved that can contribute to insufficient cell recovery. Thawing problems can usually be solved more quickly when a certain order of steps to be taken is followed. Under optimized conditions, iPSC should be ready for further experiments approximately 4–7 days after thawing and seeding. However, if the freezing and thawing protocols are not optimized, this time can increase up to 2–3 weeks, complicating any further experiments. Here, we suggest optimization steps and troubleshooting options for the freezing, thawing, and seeding of iPSC on feeder-free, Matrigel™-coated, cell culture plates whenever iPSC cannot be recovered in sufficient quality. This review applies to two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cell culture and to iPSC, passaged, frozen, and thawed as cell aggregates (clumps). Furthermore, we discuss usually less well-described factors such as the cell growth phase before freezing and the prevention of osmotic shock during thawing.
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Abstract
Cryopreservation is the application of low temperatures to preserve the structural and functional integrity of cells and tissues. Conventional cooling protocols allow ice to form and solute concentrations to rise during the cryopreservation process. The damage caused by the rise in solute concentration can be mitigated by the use of compounds known as cryoprotectants. Such compounds protect cells from the consequences of slow cooling injury, allowing them to be cooled at cooling rates which avoid the lethal effects of intracellular ice. An alternative to conventional cooling is vitrification. Vitrification methods incorporate cryoprotectants at sufficiently high concentrations to prevent ice crystallization so that the system forms an amorphous glass thus avoiding the damaging effects caused by conventional slow cooling. However, vitrification too can impose damaging consequences on cells as the cryoprotectant concentrations required to vitrify cells at lower cooling rates are potentially, and often, harmful. While these concentrations can be lowered to nontoxic levels, if the cells are ultra-rapidly cooled, the resulting metastable system can lead to damage through devitrification and growth of ice during subsequent storage and rewarming if not appropriately handled.The commercial and clinical application of stem cells requires robust and reproducible cryopreservation protocols and appropriate long-term, low-temperature storage conditions to provide reliable master and working cell banks. Though current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) compliant methods for the derivation and banking of clinical grade pluripotent stem cells exist and stem cell lines suitable for clinical applications are available, current cryopreservation protocols, whether for vitrification or conventional slow freezing, remain suboptimal. Apart from the resultant loss of valuable product that suboptimal cryopreservation engenders, there is a danger that such processes will impose a selective pressure on the cells selecting out a nonrepresentative, freeze-resistant subpopulation. Optimizing this process requires knowledge of the fundamental processes that occur during the freezing of cellular systems, the mechanisms of damage and methods for avoiding them. This chapter draws together the knowledge of cryopreservation gained in other systems with the current state-of-the-art for embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cell preservation in an attempt to provide the background for future attempts to optimize cryopreservation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Hunt
- UK Stem Cell Bank, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK.
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Orellana MD, De Santis GC, Abraham KJ, Fontes AM, Magalhães DAR, Oliveira VDC, Costa EDBO, Palma PVB, Covas DT. Efficient recovery of undifferentiated human embryonic stem cell cryopreserved with hydroxyethyl starch, dimethyl sulphoxide and serum replacement. Cryobiology 2015; 71:151-60. [PMID: 25641609 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The therapeutic use of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) is dependent on an efficient cryopreservation protocol for long-term storage. The aim of this study was to determine whether the combination of three cryoprotecting reagents using two freezing systems might improve hESC recovery rates with maintenance of hESC pluripotency properties for potential cell therapy application. METHODS Recovery rates of hESC colonies which were frozen in three cryoprotective solutions: Me2SO/HES/SR medium, Defined-medium® and Me2SO/SFB in medium solution were evaluated in ultra-slow programmable freezing system (USPF) and a slow-rate freezing system (SRF). The hESC pluripotency properties after freezing-thawing were evaluated. RESULTS We estimated the distribution frequency of survival colonies and observed that independent of the freezing system used (USPF or SRF) the best results were obtained with Me2SO/HES/SR as cryopreservation medium. We showed a significant hESC recovery colonies rate after thawing in Me2SO/HES/SR medium were 3.88 and 2.9 in USPF and SRF, respectively. The recovery colonies rate with Defined-medium® were 1.05 and 1.07 however in classical Me2SO medium were 0.5 and 0.86 in USPF and SRF, respectively. We showed significant difference between Me2SO/HES/SR medium×Defined-medium® and between Me2SO/HES/SR medium×Me2SO medium, for two cryopreservation systems (P<0.05). CONCLUSION We developed an in house protocol using the combination of Me2SO/HES/SR medium and ultra-slow programmable freezing system which resulted in hESC colonies that remain undifferentiated, maintain their in vitro and in vivo pluripotency properties and genetic stability. This approach may be suitable for cell therapy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maristela Delgado Orellana
- Hemotherapy Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Clinical Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Gil Cunha De Santis
- Hemotherapy Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Viviane de Cássia Oliveira
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Dimas Tadeu Covas
- Hemotherapy Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Clinical Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Results from a horizon scan on risks associated with transplantation of human organs, tissues and cells: from donor to patient. Cell Tissue Bank 2014; 16:1-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s10561-014-9450-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Imaizumi K, Nishishita N, Muramatsu M, Yamamoto T, Takenaka C, Kawamata S, Kobayashi K, Nishikawa SI, Akuta T. A simple and highly effective method for slow-freezing human pluripotent stem cells using dimethyl sulfoxide, hydroxyethyl starch and ethylene glycol. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88696. [PMID: 24533137 PMCID: PMC3922972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitrification and slow-freezing methods have been used for the cryopreservation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Vitrification requires considerable skill and post-thaw recovery is low. Furthermore, it is not suitable for cryopreservation of large numbers of hPSCs. While slow-freezing methods for hPSCs are easy to perform, they are usually preceded by a complicated cell dissociation process that yields poor post-thaw survival. To develop a robust and easy slow-freezing method for hPSCs, several different cryopreservation cocktails were prepared by modifying a commercially available freezing medium (CP-1™) containing hydroxyethyl starch (HES), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in saline. The new freezing media were examined for their cryopreservation efficacy in combination with several different cell detachment methods. hPSCs in cryopreservation medium were slowly cooled in a conventional −80°C freezer and thawed rapidly. hPSC colonies were dissociated with several proteases. Ten percent of the colonies were passaged without cryopreservation and another 10% were cryopreserved, and then the recovery ratio was determined by comparing the number of Alkaline Phosphatase-positive colonies after thawing at day 5 with those passaged without cryopreservation at day 5. We found that cell detachment with Pronase/EDTA followed by cryopreservation using 6% HES, 5% DMSO, and 5% ethylene glycol (EG) in saline (termed CP-5E) achieved post-thaw recoveries over 80%. In summary, we have developed a new cryopreservation medium free of animal products for slow-freezing. This easy and robust cryopreservation method could be used widely for basic research and for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Imaizumi
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Kobe office, RIKEN Cell Tech Co. Ltd., Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Naoki Nishishita
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Division of Cell Therapy, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Marie Muramatsu
- Division of Cell Therapy, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takako Yamamoto
- Division of Cell Therapy, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Chiemi Takenaka
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Division of Cell Therapy, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shin Kawamata
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Division of Cell Therapy, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- * E-mail: (SK); (TA)
| | - Kenichiro Kobayashi
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Research, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Nishikawa
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Teruo Akuta
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Kobe office, RIKEN Cell Tech Co. Ltd., Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- * E-mail: (SK); (TA)
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Jiang S, Wang S, Sun Y, Ma Y. Nutrients responses of Pleurotus ostreatus to slow frozen storage in the short term. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07313d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper improves the understanding of changes happening with nutraceuticals in slow freezingPleurotus ostreatusduring short-term storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjuan Jiang
- College of Life Science
- Anhui Science and Technology University
- Anhui Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Songhua Wang
- College of Life Science
- Anhui Science and Technology University
- Anhui Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Yujun Sun
- College of Life Science
- Anhui Science and Technology University
- Anhui Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Yuhan Ma
- College of Life Science
- Anhui Science and Technology University
- Anhui Fengyang 233100, China
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Miyazaki T, Nakatsuji N, Suemori H. Optimization of slow cooling cryopreservation for human pluripotent stem cells. Genesis 2013; 52:49-55. [DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takamichi Miyazaki
- Department of Embryonic Stem Cell Research; Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences; Kyoto University; 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8507 Japan
| | - Norio Nakatsuji
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS); Kyoto University; Ushinomiya-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
- Department of Development and Differentiation; Institution for Frontier Medical Sciences; Kyoto University; 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8507 Japan
| | - Hirofumi Suemori
- Department of Embryonic Stem Cell Research; Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences; Kyoto University; 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8507 Japan
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Li Y, Ma T. Bioprocessing of cryopreservation for large-scale banking of human pluripotent stem cells. Biores Open Access 2013; 1:205-14. [PMID: 23515461 PMCID: PMC3559214 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2012.0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cell therapy requires production of therapeutic cells in large quantity, which starts from thawing the cryopreserved cells from a working cell bank or a master cell bank. An optimal cryopreservation and thaw process determines the efficiency of hPSC expansion and plays a significant role in the subsequent lineage-specific differentiation. However, cryopreservation in hPSC bioprocessing has been a challenge due to the unique growth requirements of hPSC, the sensitivity to cryoinjury, and the unscalable cryopreservation procedures commonly used in the laboratory. Tremendous progress has been made to identify the regulatory pathways regulating hPSC responses during cryopreservation and the development of small molecule interventions that effectively improves the efficiency of cryopreservation. The adaption of these methods in current good manufacturing practices (cGMP)-compliant cryopreservation processes not only improves cell survival, but also their therapeutic potency. This review summarizes the advances in these areas and discusses the technical requirements in the development of cGMP-compliant hPSC cryopreservation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida
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Iuso D, Czernik M, Di Egidio F, Sampino S, Zacchini F, Bochenek M, Smorag Z, Modlinski JA, Ptak G, Loi P. Genomic stability of lyophilized sheep somatic cells before and after nuclear transfer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e51317. [PMID: 23308098 PMCID: PMC3540074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The unprecedented decline of biodiversity worldwide is urging scientists to collect and store biological material from seriously threatened animals, including large mammals. Lyophilization is being explored as a low-cost system for storage in bio-banks of cells that might be used to expand or restore endangered or extinct species through the procedure of Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT). Here we report that the genome is intact in about 60% of lyophylized sheep lymphocytes, whereas DNA damage occurs randomly in the remaining 40%. Remarkably, lyophilized nuclei injected into enucleated oocytes are repaired by a robust DNA repairing activity of the oocytes, and show normal developmental competence. Cloned embryos derived from lyophylized cells exhibited chromosome and cellular composition comparable to those of embryos derived from fresh donor cells. These findings support the feasibility of lyophylization as a storage procedure of mammalian cells to be used for SCNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Iuso
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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T'Joen V, Cornelissen R. Xeno-free plant-derived hydrolysate-based freezing of human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21:1716-25. [PMID: 21867427 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are one of the most interesting cell types for tissue engineering and cell therapy. The large-scale banking of hESCs for research and future clinical application requires economic, defined, and xeno-free cryopreservation protocols. In this study, the possibility to substitute knockout serum replacement (KO-SR) in the cryopreservation process with vegetal and synthetic hydrolysates was investigated. To our knowledge, the use of hydrolysates in hESC cryopreservation has not been yet explored. Initially, 3 different hydrolysates (Ultrapep Soy, Hypep 4601 and EX-CELL(®) CD Hydrolysate Fusion) were tested in the cryopreservation solution. A concentration of 8 mg/mL EX-CELL CD Hydrolysate Fusion in the cryopreservation solution leads to the highest recovery ratio; thus, this solution was selected for additional cryopreservation experiments. To ensure reproducibility of the results, 3 hESC lines (HS181, H9, and BG01) were used. The hESCs were collected prefreezing by application of collagenase IV and cell dissociation solution. Experiments showed that it was feasible to substitute the KO-SR in both the cryopreservation solution as the thawing solution. The obtained recovery ratios were comparable to those obtained with KO-SR (no statistical significant difference; Student's t-test, P<0.05). Further optimization protocols showed a doubling of the obtained recovery ratio after addition of Rock-inhibitor Y-27632 post-thawing. The expansion profile and pluripotency analysis revealed no changes in normal hESC behavior. We conclude that the application of vegetal or synthetic hydrolysates is suitable for xeno-free hESC cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronique T'Joen
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Ghent University-UGent, Gent, Belgium.
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