1
|
Kucharski M, Mrowiec P, Ocłoń E. Current standards and pitfalls associated with the transfection of primary fibroblast cells. Biotechnol Prog 2021; 37:e3152. [PMID: 33774920 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cultured fibroblast cells, especially dermal cells, are used for various types of scientific research, particularly within the medical field. Desirable features of the cells include their ease of isolation, rapid cellular growth, and high degree of robustness. Currently, fibroblasts are mainly used to obtain pluripotent cells via a reprogramming process. Dermal fibroblasts, are particularly useful for gene therapies used for promoting wound healing or minimizing skin aging. In recent years, fibroblast transfection efficiencies have significantly improved. In order to introduce molecules (most often DNA or RNA) into cells, viral-based systems (transduction) or non-viral methods (transfection) that include physical/mechanical processes or lipid reagents may be used. In this article, we describe critical points that should be considered when selecting a method for transfecting fibroblasts. The most effective methods used for the transfection of fibroblasts include both viral-based and non-viral nucleofection systems. These methods result in a high level of transgene expression and are superior in terms of transfection efficacy and viability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław Kucharski
- Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Patrycja Mrowiec
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Ocłoń
- Centre for Experimental and Innovative Medicine, Laboratory of Recombinant Proteins Production, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Luo SW, Mao ZW, Luo ZY, Xiong NX, Luo KK, Liu SJ, Yan T, Ding YM, Zhao RR, Wu C, Hu FZ, Liu QF, Feng PH. Chimeric ferritin H in hybrid crucian carp exhibits a similar down-regulation in lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-κB inflammatory signal in comparison with Carassius cuvieri and Carassius auratus red var. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 241:108966. [PMID: 33383192 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ferritin H can participate in the regulation of teleostean immunity. ORF sequences of RCC/WCC/WR-ferritin H were 609 bp, while WR-ferritin H gene possessed chimeric fragments or offspring-specific mutations. In order to elucidate regulation of immune-related signal transduction, three fibroblast-like cell lines derived from caudal fin of red crucian carp (RCC), white crucian carp (WCC) and their hybrid offspring (WR) were characterized and designated as RCCFCs, WCCFCs and WRFCs. A sharp increase of ferritin H mRNA was observed in RCCFCs, WCCFCs and WRFCs following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Overexpression of RCC/WCC/WR-ferritin H can decrease MyD88-IRAK4 signal and antagonize NF-κB, TNFα promoter activity in RCCFCs, WCCFCs and WRFCs, respectively. These results indicated that ferritin H in hybrid offspring harbors highly-conserved domains with a close sequence similarity to those of its parents, playing a regulatory role in inflammatory signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Wei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Zhuang-Wen Mao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha 410022, PR China
| | - Zi-Ye Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Ning-Xia Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Kai-Kun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Shao-Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China.
| | - Teng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Yi-Min Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Ru-Rong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Chang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Fang-Zhou Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Qing-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Ping-Hui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China; Section of Infection and Immunity, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, Los Angeles 90089, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chae SY, Shrestha KR, Jeong SN, Park G, Yoo SY. Bioinspired RGD-Engineered Bacteriophage Nanofiber Cues against Oxidative Stress. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:3658-3671. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seon Yeong Chae
- BIO-IT Foundry
Technology Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Kshitiz Raj Shrestha
- BIO-IT Foundry
Technology Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute
for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Nam Jeong
- BIO-IT Foundry
Technology Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute
for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Geuntae Park
- BIO-IT Foundry
Technology Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Yoo
- BIO-IT Foundry
Technology Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute
for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mouthuy PA, Snelling SJ, Dakin SG, Milković L, Gašparović AČ, Carr AJ, Žarković N. Biocompatibility of implantable materials: An oxidative stress viewpoint. Biomaterials 2016; 109:55-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
5
|
Htwe SS, Harrington H, Knox A, Rose F, Aylott J, Haycock JW, Ghaemmaghami AM. Investigating NF-κB signaling in lung fibroblasts in 2D and 3D culture systems. Respir Res 2015; 16:144. [PMID: 26619903 PMCID: PMC4666055 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-015-0302-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory respiratory diseases are amongst major global health challenges. Lung fibroblasts have been shown to play a key role in lung inflammatory responses. However, their exact role in initiation and maintenance of lung diseases has remained elusive partly due to the limited availability of physiologically relevant in vitro models. Therefore, developing new tools that enable investigating the molecular pathways (e.g. nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation) that underpin inflammatory responses in fibroblasts could be a valuable resource for scientists working in this area of research. RESULTS In order to investigate NF-κB activation in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli in real-time, we first developed two detection systems based on nuclear localization of NF-κB by immunostaining and luciferase reporter assay system. Furthermore using electrospun porous scaffolds, with similar geometry to human lung extracellular matrix, we developed 3D cultures of lung fibroblasts allowing comparing NF-κB activation in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli (i.e. TNF-α) in 2D and 3D. Our data clearly show that the magnitude of NF-κB activation in 2D cultures is substantially higher than 3D cultures. However, unlike 2D cultures, cells in the 3D model remained responsive to TNF-α at higher concentrations. The more subdued and wider dynamic range of NF-κB responses in 3D culture system was associated with a different expression pattern for TNF receptor I in 3D versus 2D cultures collectively reflecting a more in vivo like TNF receptor I expression and NF-κB activation pattern in the 3D system. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that lung fibroblasts are actively involved in the pathogenesis of lung inflammation by activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. The 3D culture detection system provides a sensitive and biologically relevant tool for investigating different pro-inflammatory events involving lung fibroblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Su Htwe
- Cellular Immunology and Allergy Research Group, Division of Immunology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Helen Harrington
- Cellular Immunology and Allergy Research Group, Division of Immunology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Alan Knox
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, City Hospital, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Felicity Rose
- Division of Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Jonathan Aylott
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - John W Haycock
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Amir M Ghaemmaghami
- Cellular Immunology and Allergy Research Group, Division of Immunology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gledhill K, Guo Z, Umegaki-Arao N, Higgins CA, Itoh M, Christiano AM. Melanin Transfer in Human 3D Skin Equivalents Generated Exclusively from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136713. [PMID: 26308443 PMCID: PMC4550351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The current utility of 3D skin equivalents is limited by the fact that existing models fail to recapitulate the cellular complexity of human skin. They often contain few cell types and no appendages, in part because many cells found in the skin are difficult to isolate from intact tissue and cannot be expanded in culture. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) present an avenue by which we can overcome this issue due to their ability to be differentiated into multiple cell types in the body and their unlimited growth potential. We previously reported generation of the first human 3D skin equivalents from iPSC-derived fibroblasts and iPSC-derived keratinocytes, demonstrating that iPSCs can provide a foundation for modeling a complex human organ such as skin. Here, we have increased the complexity of this model by including additional iPSC-derived melanocytes. Epidermal melanocytes, which are largely responsible for skin pigmentation, represent the second most numerous cell type found in normal human epidermis and as such represent a logical next addition. We report efficient melanin production from iPSC-derived melanocytes and transfer within an entirely iPSC-derived epidermal-melanin unit and generation of the first functional human 3D skin equivalents made from iPSC-derived fibroblasts, keratinocytes and melanocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karl Gledhill
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Zongyou Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Noriko Umegaki-Arao
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Claire A. Higgins
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Munenari Itoh
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Angela M. Christiano
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Three-Dimensional (3D) Cell Culture Conditions, Present and Future Improvements. RAZAVI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2014. [DOI: 10.5812/rijm.17803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
|
8
|
Sfikas A, Batsi C, Tselikou E, Vartholomatos G, Monokrousos N, Pappas P, Christoforidis S, Tzavaras T, Kanavaros P, Gorgoulis VG, Marcu KB, Kolettas E. The canonical NF-κB pathway differentially protects normal and human tumor cells from ROS-induced DNA damage. Cell Signal 2012; 24:2007-23. [PMID: 22750558 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage responses (DDR) invoke senescence or apoptosis depending on stimulus intensity and the degree of activation of the p53-p21(Cip1/Waf1) axis; but the functional impact of NF-κB signaling on these different outcomes in normal vs. human cancer cells remains poorly understood. We investigated the NF-κB-dependent effects and mechanism underlying reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated DDR outcomes of normal human lung fibroblasts (HDFs) and A549 human lung cancer epithelial cells. To activate DDR, ROS accumulation was induced by different doses of H(2)O(2). The effect of ROS induction caused a G2 or G2-M phase cell cycle arrest of both human cell types. However, ROS-mediated DDR eventually culminated in different end points with HDFs undergoing premature senescence and A549 cancer cells succumbing to apoptosis. NF-κB p65/RelA nuclear translocation and Ser536 phosphorylation were induced in response to H(2)O(2)-mediated ROS accumulation. Importantly, blocking the activities of canonical NF-κB subunits with an IκBα super-repressor or suppressing canonical NF-κB signaling by IKKβ knock-down accelerated HDF premature senescence by up-regulating the p53-p21(Cip1/Waf1) axis; but inhibiting the canonical NF-κB pathway exacerbated H(2)O(2)-induced A549 cell apoptosis. HDF premature aging occurred in conjunction with γ-H2AX chromatin deposition, senescence-associated heterochromatic foci and beta-galactosidase staining. p53 knock-down abrogated H(2)O(2)-induced premature senescence of vector control- and IκBαSR-expressing HDFs functionally linking canonical NF-κB-dependent control of p53 levels to ROS-induced HDF senescence. We conclude that IKKβ-driven canonical NF-κB signaling has different functional roles for the outcome of ROS responses in the contexts of normal vs. human tumor cells by respectively protecting them against DDR-dependent premature senescence and apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Sfikas
- Cell and Molecular Physiology Unit, Laboratory of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Smith LE, Smallwood R, Macneil S. A comparison of imaging methodologies for 3D tissue engineering. Microsc Res Tech 2011; 73:1123-33. [PMID: 20981758 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Imaging of cells in two dimensions is routinely performed within cell biology and tissue engineering laboratories. When biology moves into three dimensions imaging becomes more challenging, especially when multiple cell types are used. This review compares imaging techniques used regularly in our laboratory in the culture of cells in both two and three dimensions. The techniques reviewed include phase contrast microscopy, fluorescent microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, electron microscopy, and optical coherence tomography. We compare these techniques to the current "gold standard" for imaging three-dimensional tissue engineered constructs, histology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise E Smith
- Department of Engineering Materials, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Cell culture in two dimensions has been routinely and diligently undertaken in thousands of laboratories worldwide for the past four decades. However, the culture of cells in two dimensions is arguably primitive and does not reproduce the anatomy or physiology of a tissue for informative or useful study. Creating a third dimension for cell culture is clearly more relevant, but requires a multidisciplinary approach and multidisciplinary expertise. When entering the third dimension, investigators need to consider the design of scaffolds for supporting the organisation of cells or the use of bioreactors for controlling nutrient and waste product exchange. As 3D culture systems become more mature and relevant to human and animal physiology, the ability to design and develop co-cultures becomes possible as does the ability to integrate stem cells. The primary objectives for developing 3D cell culture systems vary widely - and range from engineering tissues for clinical delivery through to the development of models for drug screening. The intention of this review is to provide a general overview of the common approaches and techniques for designing 3D culture models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John W Haycock
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jindal R, Patel SJ, Yarmush ML. Tissue-engineered model for real-time monitoring of liver inflammation. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2010; 17:113-22. [PMID: 20684748 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2009.0782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-engineered in vitro models have the potential to be used for investigating inflammation in the complex microenvironment found in vivo. We have developed an in vitro model of hepatic tissue that facilitates real-time monitoring of endothelium activation in liver tissue. This was achieved by creating a layered coculture model in which hepatocytes were embedded in collagen gel and a reporter clone of endothelial cells, which synthesizes green fluorescent protein in response to nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation, was overlaid on top of the gel. The efficacy of our approach was established by monitoring in real time the dynamics of NF-κB-regulated fluorescence in response to tumor necrosis factor α. Our studies revealed that endothelial cells in coculture with hepatocytes exhibited a similar NF-κB-mediated fluorescence to both pulse and step stimulation of lipopolysaccharide. By contrast, endothelial cells in monoculture displayed enhanced NF-κB-regulated fluorescence to step in comparison to pulse lipopolysaccharide stimulation. The NF-κB-mediated fluorescence correlated with endothelial cell expression of NF-κB-regulated genes such as intercellular adhesion molecule 1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, and E-Selectin, as well as with leukocyte adhesion. These findings suggest that our model provides a powerful platform for investigating hepatic endothelium activation in real time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Jindal
- 1 Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School, and the Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cantòn I, Cole DM, Kemp EH, Watson PF, Chunthapong J, Ryan AJ, MacNeil S, Haycock JW. Development of a 3D human in vitro skin co-culture model for detecting irritants in real-time. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 106:794-803. [PMID: 20564616 DOI: 10.1002/bit.22742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineered materials for clinical purposes have led to the development of in vitro models as alternatives to animal testing. The aim of this study was to understand the paracrine interactions arising between keratinocytes and fibroblasts for detecting and discriminating between an irritant-induced inflammatory reaction and cytotoxicity. We used two irritants [sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and potassium diformate (Formi] at sub-toxic concentrations and studied interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) release from human keratinocytes and activation of NF-kappaB in human fibroblasts. NF-kappaB activation in fibroblast 2D cultures required soluble factors released by prior incubation of keratinocytes with either SDS or Formi. Neither cell type responded directly to either agent, confirming a paracrine mechanism. Fibroblasts were then cultured in 3D microfiber scaffolds and transfected with an NF-kappaB reporter construct linked to GFP. Findings for 3D cultures were similar to those in 2D in that soluble factors released by prior incubation of keratinocytes with SDS or Formi was required for NF-kappaB activation in fibroblasts. Similarly, direct incubation with either agent did not directly activate NF-kappaB. A technical advantage of using transfected cells in 3D was an ability to detect NF-kappaB activation in live fibroblasts. To confirm paracrine signaling a twofold increase in IL-1 alpha was measured in keratinocyte-conditioned medium after incubation with SDS or Formi, which correlated with fibroblast NF-kappaB activity. In summary, this work has value for developing 3D tissue engineered co-culture models for the in vitro testing of irritant chemicals at sub-toxic concentrations, as an alternative to in vivo models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Cantòn
- Department of Engineering Materials, University of Sheffield, Kroto Research Institute, Broad Lane, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Morris HL, Reed CI, Haycock JW, Reilly GC. Mechanisms of fluid-flow-induced matrix production in bone tissue engineering. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2010; 224:1509-21. [DOI: 10.1243/09544119jeim751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Matrix production by tissue-engineered bone is enhanced when the growing tissue is subjected to mechanical forces and/or fluid flow in bioreactor culture. Cells deposit collagen and mineral, depending upon the mechanical loading that they receive. However, the molecular mechanisms of flow-induced signal transduction in bone are poorly understood. The hyaluronan (HA) glycocalyx has been proposed as a potential mediator of mechanical forces in bone. Using a parallel-plate flow chamber the effects of removal of HA on flow-induced collagen production and NF-κB activation in MLO-A5 osteoid osteocytes were investigated. Short periods of fluid flow significantly increased collagen production and induced translocation of the NF-κB subunit p65 to the cell's nuclei in 65 per cent of the cell population. Enzymatic removal of the HA coat and antibody blocking of CD44 (a transmembrane protein that binds to HA) eliminated the fluid-flow-induced increase in collagen production but had no effect on the translocation of p65. HA and CD44 appear to play roles in transducing the flow signals that modulate collagen production over long-term culture but not in the short-term flow-induced activation of NF-κB, implying that multiple signalling events are initiated from the commencement of flow. Understanding the mechanotransduction events that enable fluid flow to stimulate bone matrix production will allow the optimization of bioreactor design and flow profiles for bone tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H L Morris
- Department of Engineering Materials, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Broad Lane, UK
| | - C I Reed
- Department of Engineering Materials, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Broad Lane, UK
| | - J W Haycock
- Department of Engineering Materials, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Broad Lane, UK
| | - G C Reilly
- Department of Engineering Materials, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Broad Lane, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cantón I, Mckean R, Charnley M, Blackwood KA, Fiorica C, Ryan AJ, MacNeil S. Development of an Ibuprofen-releasing biodegradable PLA/PGA electrospun scaffold for tissue regeneration. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 105:396-408. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
15
|
Jones KS. Assays on the influence of biomaterials on allogeneic rejection in tissue engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2009; 14:407-17. [PMID: 18826337 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2008.0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In tissue engineering, innate responses to biomaterial scaffolds will affect rejection of allogeneic cells. Biomaterials directly influence innate and adaptive immune cell adhesion, reactive oxygen intermediate production, cytokine secretion, nuclear factor-kappa B nuclear translocation, gene expression, and cell surface markers, all of which are likely to affect allogeneic rejection responses. A major goal in tissue engineering is to induce transplant tolerance, potentially by manipulating the biomaterial component. This review describes methods of measuring responses of macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells stimulated in vitro and in vivo and addresses key factors in assay development. Such tests include mixed leukocyte reactions, enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assays, trans-vivo delayed-type hypersensitivity assays, and measurement of dendritic cell subsets and anti-donor antibodies; we propose extending these studies to tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim S Jones
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|