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Watson-Levings RS, Palmer GD, Levings PP, Dacanay EA, Evans CH, Ghivizzani SC. Gene Therapy in Orthopaedics: Progress and Challenges in Pre-Clinical Development and Translation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:901317. [PMID: 35837555 PMCID: PMC9274665 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.901317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In orthopaedics, gene-based treatment approaches are being investigated for an array of common -yet medically challenging- pathologic conditions of the skeletal connective tissues and structures (bone, cartilage, ligament, tendon, joints, intervertebral discs etc.). As the skeletal system protects the vital organs and provides weight-bearing structural support, the various tissues are principally composed of dense extracellular matrix (ECM), often with minimal cellularity and vasculature. Due to their functional roles, composition, and distribution throughout the body the skeletal tissues are prone to traumatic injury, and/or structural failure from chronic inflammation and matrix degradation. Due to a mixture of environment and endogenous factors repair processes are often slow and fail to restore the native quality of the ECM and its function. In other cases, large-scale lesions from severe trauma or tumor surgery, exceed the body’s healing and regenerative capacity. Although a wide range of exogenous gene products (proteins and RNAs) have the potential to enhance tissue repair/regeneration and inhibit degenerative disease their clinical use is hindered by the absence of practical methods for safe, effective delivery. Cumulatively, a large body of evidence demonstrates the capacity to transfer coding sequences for biologic agents to cells in the skeletal tissues to achieve prolonged delivery at functional levels to augment local repair or inhibit pathologic processes. With an eye toward clinical translation, we discuss the research progress in the primary injury and disease targets in orthopaedic gene therapy. Technical considerations important to the exploration and pre-clinical development are presented, with an emphasis on vector technologies and delivery strategies whose capacity to generate and sustain functional transgene expression in vivo is well-established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael S. Watson-Levings
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Glyn D. Palmer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Padraic P. Levings
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - E. Anthony Dacanay
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Christopher H. Evans
- Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MI, United States
| | - Steven C. Ghivizzani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Steven C. Ghivizzani,
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2
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Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Seeded on a Biomimetic Spongiosa-like Scaffold: Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Delivery by Overexpressing Fascia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052712. [PMID: 35269855 PMCID: PMC8911081 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) have the capacity for osteogenic differentiation and, in combination with suitable biomaterials and growth factors, the regeneration of bone defects. In order to differentiate hADSCs into the osteogenic lineage, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have been proven to be highly effective, especially when expressed locally by route of gene transfer, providing a constant stimulus over an extended period of time. However, the creation of genetically modified hADSCs is laborious and time-consuming, which hinders clinical translation of the approach. Instead, expedited single-surgery gene therapy strategies must be developed. Therefore, in an in vitro experiment, we evaluated a novel growth factor delivery system, comprising adenoviral BMP-2 transduced fascia tissue in terms of BMP-2 release kinetics and osteogenic effects, on hADSCs seeded on an innovative biomimetic spongiosa-like scaffold. As compared to direct BMP-2 transduction of hADSCs or addition of recombinant BMP-2, overexpressing fascia provided a more uniform, constant level of BMP-2 over 30 days. Despite considerably higher BMP-2 peak levels in the comparison groups, delivery by overexpressing fascia led to a strong osteogenic response of hADSCs. The use of BMP-2 transduced fascia in combination with hADSCs may evolve into an expedited single-surgery gene transfer approach to bone repair.
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3
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Musculoskeletal tissue engineering: Regional gene therapy for bone repair. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120901. [PMID: 34091300 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone loss associated with fracture nonunion, revision total joint arthroplasty (TJA), and pseudoarthrosis of the spine presents a challenging clinical scenario for the orthopaedic surgeon. Current treatment options including autograft, allograft, bone graft substitutes, and bone transport techniques are associated with significant morbidity, high costs, and prolonged treatment regimens. Unfortunately, these treatment strategies have proven insufficient to safely and consistently heal bone defects in the stringent biological environments often encountered in clinical cases of bone loss. The application of tissue engineering (TE) to musculoskeletal pathology has uncovered exciting potential treatment strategies for challenging bone loss scenarios in orthopaedic surgery. Regional gene therapy involves the local implantation of nucleic acids or genetically modified cells to direct specific protein expression, and has shown promise as a potential TE technique for the regeneration of bone. Preclinical studies in animal models have demonstrated the ability of regional gene therapy to safely and effectively heal critical sized bone defects which otherwise do not heal. The purpose of the present review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current status of gene therapy applications for TE in challenging bone loss scenarios, with an emphasis on gene delivery methods and models, scaffold biomaterials, preclinical results, and future directions.
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Betz VM, Ren B, Betz OB, Jansson V, Müller PE. Osteoinduction within adipose tissue fragments by heterodimeric bone morphogenetic Proteins-2/6 and -2/7 versus homodimeric bone morphogenetic protein-2: Therapeutic implications for bone regeneration. J Gene Med 2021; 23:e3311. [PMID: 33527563 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fragments of subcutaneous adipose tissue that have been genetically modified to express bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) regenerate large segmental osseous lesions in rodents. Gene-activated adipose tissue can be implanted into osseous defects without prior cell extraction and cell culture. The present study aimed to explore whether the heterodimers BMP-2/6 or BMP-2/7 exceed the osteoinductive effect of BMP-2 on adipose tissue. METHODS In an in vitro tissue culture system, freshly harvested rat subcutaneous adipose tissue was cultivated in the presence of either BMP-2 or BMP-2/6 or BMP-2/7 at a high (200 ng/ml) and low (50 ng/ml) concentration. Gene expression analysis as well as histological and immunohistochemical methods were applied to test for osteoinduction. RESULTS A concentration of 200 ng/ml of homodimeric BMP-2 induced osteogenic differentiation most potently, showing more calcification and a higher expression level of bone markers than both concentrations of BMP-2/6 or -2/7. A concentration of 50 ng/ml of BMP-2 was a significantly stronger osteogenic inducer than both concentrations of BMP-2/6 and the low concentration of BMP-2/7. The most potent heterodimeric driver of osteoinduction was BMP-2/7 at a high concentration, demonstrating effects similar to those of BMP-2 at a low concentration. CONCLUSIONS Homodimeric BMP-2 evoked osteoinduction within adipose tissue more potently and at a lower concentration than heterodimeric BMP-2/6 or BMP-2/7. This result agrees well with the fact that it might be easier to translate adipose grafts activated by homodimeric BMP-2 clinically. Preclinical in vivo gene transfer studies are necessary to confirm the results of the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker M Betz
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital Munich, Campus Grosshadern, LMU, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Bin Ren
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital Munich, Campus Grosshadern, LMU, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Oliver B Betz
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital Munich, Campus Grosshadern, LMU, Munich, Bavaria, Germany.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Volkmar Jansson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital Munich, Campus Grosshadern, LMU, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Peter E Müller
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital Munich, Campus Grosshadern, LMU, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
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5
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Tran HD, Park KD, Ching YC, Huynh C, Nguyen DH. A comprehensive review on polymeric hydrogel and its composite: Matrices of choice for bone and cartilage tissue engineering. J IND ENG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Vakhshori V, Bougioukli S, Sugiyama O, Kang HP, Tang AH, Park SH, Lieberman JR. Ex vivo regional gene therapy with human adipose-derived stem cells for bone repair. Bone 2020; 138:115524. [PMID: 32622870 PMCID: PMC7423694 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of complex bone loss scenarios remains challenging. This study evaluates the efficacy of ex vivo regional gene therapy using transduced human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) overexpressing bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) to treat critical-sized bone defects. METHODS Critical-sized femoral defects created surgically in immunocompromised rats were treated with ASCs transduced with a lentivirus encoding BMP-2 (Group 1, n = 14), or green fluorescent protein (Group 2, n = 5), nontransduced ASCs (Group 3, n = 5), or rhBMP-2 (Group 4, n = 14). At 12 weeks, femurs were evaluated for quantity and quality of bone formation with plain radiographs, micro-computed tomography, histology/histomorphometry, and biomechanical strength testing. RESULTS Thirteen of 14 samples in Group 1 and all 14 samples in Group 4 showed radiographic healing, while no samples in either Groups 2 or 3 healed. Groups 1 and 4 had significantly higher radiographic scores (p < 0.001), bone volume fraction (BV/TV) (p < 0.001), and bone area fraction (BA/TA) than Groups 2 and 3 (p < 0.001). Radiographic scores, BV/TV, and BA/TA were not significantly different between Groups 1 and 4. No difference with regards to mean torque, rotation at failure, torsional stiffness, and energy to failure was seen between Groups 1 and 4. CONCLUSIONS Human ASCs modified to overexpress BMP-2 resulted in abundant bone formation, with the quality of bone comparable to that of rhBMP-2. This strategy represents a promising approach in the treatment of large bone defects in the clinical setting. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Large bone defects may require sustained protein production to induce an appropriate osteoinductive response. Ex vivo regional gene therapy using a lentiviral vector has the potential to be part of a comprehensive tissue engineering strategy for treating osseous defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venus Vakhshori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1520 San Pablo Street, Suite 2000, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States of America.
| | - Sofia Bougioukli
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1520 San Pablo Street, Suite 2000, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States of America
| | - Osamu Sugiyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1520 San Pablo Street, Suite 2000, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States of America
| | - Hyunwoo P Kang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1520 San Pablo Street, Suite 2000, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States of America
| | - Amy H Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1520 San Pablo Street, Suite 2000, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States of America
| | - Sang-Hyun Park
- Orthopaedic Institute for Children, J. Vernon Luck Sr. Orthopaedic Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, 403 West Adams Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90007, United States of America
| | - Jay R Lieberman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1520 San Pablo Street, Suite 2000, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States of America.
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7
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De Leon-Rodriguez LM, Park YE, Naot D, Musson DS, Cornish J, Brimble MA. Design, characterization and evaluation of β-hairpin peptide hydrogels as a support for osteoblast cell growth and bovine lactoferrin delivery. RSC Adv 2020; 10:18222-18230. [PMID: 35692623 PMCID: PMC9122575 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03011b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of peptide hydrogels is of growing interest in bone regeneration. Self-assembling peptides form hydrogels and can be used as injectable drug delivery matrices. Injected into the defect site, they can gel in situ, and release factors that aid bone growth. We report on the design, synthesis and characterization of three β-hairpin peptide hydrogels, and on their osteoblast cytocompatibility as well as delivery of the lactoferrin glycoprotein, a bone anabolic factor. Osteoblasts cultured in hydrogels of the peptide with sequence NH2-Leu-His-Leu-His-Leu-Lys-Leu-Lys-Val-dPro-Pro-Thr-Lys-Leu-Lys-Leu-His-Leu-His-Leu-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-CONH2 (H4LMAX-RGDS) increased the osteoblast cell number and the cells appeared healthy after seven days. Furthermore, we showed that H4LMAX-RGDS was capable of releasing up to 60% of lactoferrin (pre-encapsulated in the gel) over five days while retaining the rest of the glycoprotein. Thus, H4LMAX-RGDS hydrogels are cytocompatible with primary osteoblasts and capable of delivering bio-active lactoferrin that increases osteoblast cell number. Self-assembling peptide H4LMAX-RGDS hydrogels, designed to enhance bone regeneration, are cytocompatible and capable of delivering the bone anabolic factor lactoferrin to increase osteoblast cell number.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Young-Eun Park
- Department of Medicine
- University of Auckland
- Auckland 1023
- New Zealand
| | - Dorit Naot
- Department of Medicine
- University of Auckland
- Auckland 1023
- New Zealand
| | - David S. Musson
- Department of Medicine
- University of Auckland
- Auckland 1023
- New Zealand
| | - Jillian Cornish
- Department of Medicine
- University of Auckland
- Auckland 1023
- New Zealand
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences
- The University of Auckland
- Auckland 1010
- New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery
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8
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Ren B, Betz VM, Thirion C, Salomon M, Klar RM, Jansson V, Müller PE, Betz OB. Gene activated adipose tissue fragments as advanced autologous biomaterials for bone regeneration: osteogenic differentiation within the tissue and implications for clinical translation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:224. [PMID: 30659209 PMCID: PMC6338750 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36283-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cost-effective, expedited approaches for bone regeneration are urgently needed in an ageing population. Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) stimulate osteogenesis but their efficacy is impeded by their short half-life. Delivery by genetically modified cells can overcome this problem. However, cell isolation and propagation represent significant obstacles for the translation into the clinic. Instead, complete gene activated fragments of adipose tissue hold great potential for bone repair. Here, using an in-vitro culture system, we investigated whether adenoviral transduction with human BMP-2 can promote osteogenic differentiation within adipose tissue fragments. Osteoinduction in adipose tissue fragments was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, immunohistology and histomorphometry. BMP-2 transduced adipose tissue synthesized BMP-2 protein over 30 days peaking by day six, which significantly promoted osteogenic differentiation as indicated by increased calcium depositions, up-regulation of bone marker genes, and bone-related protein expression. Our results demonstrate that cells within adipose tissue fragments can differentiate osteogenically after BMP-2 transduction of cells on the surface of the adipose tissue. BMP-2 gene activated adipose tissue represents an advanced osteo-regenerative biomaterial that can actively contribute to osteogenesis and potentially enable the development of a novel, cost-effective, one-step surgical approach to bone repair without the need for cell isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ren
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Volker M Betz
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Thirion
- Sirion Biotech GmbH, Am Klopferspitz 19, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Michael Salomon
- Sirion Biotech GmbH, Am Klopferspitz 19, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Roland M Klar
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Volkmar Jansson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter E Müller
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver B Betz
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
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9
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Osteoinduction within BMP-2 transduced muscle tissue fragments with and without a fascia layer: implications for bone tissue engineering. Gene Ther 2018; 26:16-28. [PMID: 30368527 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-018-0047-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bone can be engineered in vivo by implantation of gene-activated muscle tissue fragments. This expedited approach may be further improved by use of muscle tissue with attached fascia. The aim of this in vitro study was to provide an in depth comparison of the osteogenic differentiation capacity of muscle alone and muscle with fascia after BMP-2 transduction. Skeletal muscle tissue from rats was cut into pieces with and without a fascia layer on the surface. Adenoviral BMP-2 or GFP vectors were used for transduction. Osteogenic differentiation within the tissue fragments was evaluated and compared by qRT-PCR, alizarin red S staining, histomorphometry and immunohistology. Transduction efficiency and level of transgene expression were higher for muscle with fascia than muscle alone. Transduction with BMP-2 led to a significant upregulation of bone marker genes, proteins, and calcium deposition in both groups. Interestingly, histological evaluation revealed that osteoinduction did not occur within the fascia layer itself. The upregulation of bone marker genes in muscle with fascia was significantly lower after 2 weeks but similar after 4 weeks of in vitro culture in comparison to muscle alone. The fascia layer led to higher transduction efficiency and enhanced BMP-2 expression. Despite fascia's lower capacity for osteogenic differentiation, muscle implants may benefit from the fascia layer by the improved ability to deliver BMP-2. The presented data may contribute to the development of a novel, cost-effective, single-surgery bone engineering technology and encourage the evaluation of the osteoregenerative potential of muscle with fascia in an animal model.
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10
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Betz VM, Kochanek S, Rammelt S, Müller PE, Betz OB, Messmer C. Recent advances in gene-enhanced bone tissue engineering. J Gene Med 2018; 20:e3018. [PMID: 29601661 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of bone tissue represents a critical clinical condition that is frequently faced by surgeons. Substantial progress has been made in the area of bone research, providing insight into the biology of bone under physiological and pathological conditions, as well as tools for the stimulation of bone regeneration. The present review discusses recent advances in the field of gene-enhanced bone tissue engineering. Gene transfer strategies have emerged as highly effective tissue engineering approaches for supporting the repair of the musculoskeletal system. By contrast to treatment with recombinant proteins, genetically engineered cells can release growth factors at the site of injury over extended periods of time. Of particular interest are the expedited technologies that can be applied during a single surgical procedure in a cost-effective manner, allowing translation from bench to bedside. Several promising methods based on the intra-operative genetic manipulation of autologous cells or tissue fragments have been developed in preclinical studies. Moreover, gene therapy for bone regeneration has entered the clinical stage with clinical trials for the repair of alveolar bone. Current trends in gene-enhanced bone engineering are also discussed with respect to the movement of the field towards expedited, translational approaches. It is possible that gene-enhanced bone tissue engineering will become a clinical reality within the next few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker M Betz
- Department of Gene Therapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Center for Rehabilitation, RKU - University and Rehabilitation Hospitals Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Rammelt
- University Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology and Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter E Müller
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver B Betz
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Carolin Messmer
- Center for Rehabilitation, RKU - University and Rehabilitation Hospitals Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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11
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Bernhard JC, Hulphers E, Rieder B, Ferguson J, Rünzler D, Nau T, Redl H, Vunjak-Novakovic G. Perfusion Enhances Hypertrophic Chondrocyte Matrix Deposition, But Not the Bone Formation. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:1022-1033. [PMID: 29373945 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Perfusion bioreactors have been an effective tool in bone tissue engineering. Improved nutrient delivery and the application of shear forces have stimulated osteoblast differentiation and matrix production, allowing for generation of large, clinically sized constructs. Differentiation of hypertrophic chondrocytes has been considered an alternative strategy for bone tissue engineering. We studied the effects of perfusion on hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation, matrix production, and subsequent bone formation. Hypertrophic constructs were created by differentiation in chondrogenic medium (2 weeks) and maturation in hypertrophic medium (3 weeks). Bioreactors were customized to study a range of flow rates (0-1200 μm/s). During chondrogenic differentiation, increased flow rates correlated with cartilage matrix deposition and the presence of collagen type X. During induced hypertrophic maturation, increased flow rates correlated with bone template deposition and the increased secretion of chondroprotective cytokines. Following an 8-week implantation into the critical-size femoral defect in nude rats, nonperfused constructs displayed larger bone volume, more compact mineralized matrix, and better integration with the adjacent native bone. Therefore, although medium perfusion stimulated the formation of bone template in vitro, it failed to enhance bone regeneration in vivo. However, the promising results of the less developed template in the critical-sized defect warrant further investigation, beyond interstitial flow, into the specific environment needed to optimize hypertrophic chondrocyte-based constructs for bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Bernhard
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York
| | - Elizabeth Hulphers
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York
| | - Bernhard Rieder
- 2 Department of Biochemical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien , Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - James Ferguson
- 3 Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Experimental and Clinical Traumatology , University of Vienna, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominik Rünzler
- 2 Department of Biochemical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien , Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Nau
- 3 Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Experimental and Clinical Traumatology , University of Vienna, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Redl
- 3 Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Experimental and Clinical Traumatology , University of Vienna, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York
- 4 Department of Medicine, Columbia University , New York, New York
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12
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Maisani M, Ziane S, Ehret C, Levesque L, Siadous R, Le Meins J, Chevallier P, Barthélémy P, De Oliveira H, Amédée J, Mantovani D, Chassande O. A new composite hydrogel combining the biological properties of collagen with the mechanical properties of a supramolecular scaffold for bone tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e1489-e1500. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Maisani
- Laboratoire BIOTIS, Inserm U1026Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux France
- Lab. for Biomaterials & Bioengineering (CRC‐I), Dept. Min‐Met‐Materials Engineering & Research Center CHU de QuébecLaval University Québec City Canada
| | - Sophia Ziane
- Laboratoire BIOTIS, Inserm U1026Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux France
| | - Camille Ehret
- Laboratoire BIOTIS, Inserm U1026Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux France
| | - Lucie Levesque
- Lab. for Biomaterials & Bioengineering (CRC‐I), Dept. Min‐Met‐Materials Engineering & Research Center CHU de QuébecLaval University Québec City Canada
| | - Robin Siadous
- Laboratoire BIOTIS, Inserm U1026Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux France
| | - Jean‐François Le Meins
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques LCPO (UMR5629)‐Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, de Biologie et de Physique (ENSCBP)Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux Talence France
| | - Pascale Chevallier
- Lab. for Biomaterials & Bioengineering (CRC‐I), Dept. Min‐Met‐Materials Engineering & Research Center CHU de QuébecLaval University Québec City Canada
| | | | - Hugo De Oliveira
- Laboratoire BIOTIS, Inserm U1026Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux France
| | - Joëlle Amédée
- Laboratoire BIOTIS, Inserm U1026Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux France
| | - Diego Mantovani
- Lab. for Biomaterials & Bioengineering (CRC‐I), Dept. Min‐Met‐Materials Engineering & Research Center CHU de QuébecLaval University Québec City Canada
| | - Olivier Chassande
- Laboratoire BIOTIS, Inserm U1026Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux France
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13
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Ren B, Betz VM, Thirion C, Salomon M, Jansson V, Müller PE, Betz OB. Gene‐activated tissue grafts for sustained bone morphogenetic protein‐2 delivery and bone engineering: Is muscle with fascia superior to muscle and fat? J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:1002-1011. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ren
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital GrosshadernLudwig‐Maximilians‐University Munich Munich Germany
| | - Volker M. Betz
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital GrosshadernLudwig‐Maximilians‐University Munich Munich Germany
| | | | | | - Volkmar Jansson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital GrosshadernLudwig‐Maximilians‐University Munich Munich Germany
| | - Peter E. Müller
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital GrosshadernLudwig‐Maximilians‐University Munich Munich Germany
| | - Oliver B. Betz
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital GrosshadernLudwig‐Maximilians‐University Munich Munich Germany
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15
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Bondarava M, Cattaneo C, Ren B, Thasler WE, Jansson V, Müller PE, Betz OB. Osseous differentiation of human fat tissue grafts: From tissue engineering to tissue differentiation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39712. [PMID: 28054585 PMCID: PMC5213995 DOI: 10.1038/srep39712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional bone tissue engineering approaches require isolation and in vitro propagation of autologous cells, followed by seeding on a variety of scaffolds. Those protracted procedures impede the clinical applications. Here we report the transdifferentiation of human fat tissue fragments retrieved from subcutaneous fat into tissue with bone characteristics in vitro without prior cell isolation and propagation. 3D collagen-I cultures of human fat tissue were cultivated either in growth medium or in osteogenic medium (OM) with or without addition of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) BMP-2, BMP-7 or BMP-9. Ca2+ depositions were observed after two weeks of osteogenic induction which visibly increased when either type of BMP was added. mRNA levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OCN) increased when cultured in OM alone but addition of BMP-2, BMP-7 or BMP-9 caused significantly higher expression levels of ALP and OCN. Immunofluorescent staining for OCN, osteopontin and sclerostin supported the observed real-time-PCR data. BMP-9 was the most effective osteogenic inducer in this system. Our findings reveal that tissue regeneration can be remarkably simplified by omitting prior cell isolation and propagation, therefore removing significant obstacles on the way to clinical applications of much needed regeneration treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryna Bondarava
- University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Munich, DE, Germany
| | - Chiara Cattaneo
- University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Munich, DE, Germany
| | - Bin Ren
- University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Munich, DE, Germany
| | - Wolfgang E Thasler
- University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Biobank under the administration of the Human Tissue and Cell Research (HTCR) Foundation, Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Munich, DE, Germany
| | - Volkmar Jansson
- University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Munich, DE, Germany
| | - Peter E Müller
- University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Munich, DE, Germany
| | - Oliver B Betz
- University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Munich, DE, Germany
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16
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Maisani M, Pezzoli D, Chassande O, Mantovani D. Cellularizing hydrogel-based scaffolds to repair bone tissue: How to create a physiologically relevant micro-environment? J Tissue Eng 2017; 8:2041731417712073. [PMID: 28634532 PMCID: PMC5467968 DOI: 10.1177/2041731417712073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a promising alternative to autografts or allografts for the regeneration of large bone defects. Cell-free biomaterials with different degrees of sophistication can be used for several therapeutic indications, to stimulate bone repair by the host tissue. However, when osteoprogenitors are not available in the damaged tissue, exogenous cells with an osteoblast differentiation potential must be provided. These cells should have the capacity to colonize the defect and to participate in the building of new bone tissue. To achieve this goal, cells must survive, remain in the defect site, eventually proliferate, and differentiate into mature osteoblasts. A critical issue for these engrafted cells is to be fed by oxygen and nutrients: the transient absence of a vascular network upon implantation is a major challenge for cells to survive in the site of implantation, and different strategies can be followed to promote cell survival under poor oxygen and nutrient supply and to promote rapid vascularization of the defect area. These strategies involve the use of scaffolds designed to create the appropriate micro-environment for cells to survive, proliferate, and differentiate in vitro and in vivo. Hydrogels are an eclectic class of materials that can be easily cellularized and provide effective, minimally invasive approaches to fill bone defects and favor bone tissue regeneration. Furthermore, by playing on their composition and processing, it is possible to obtain biocompatible systems with adequate chemical, biological, and mechanical properties. However, only a good combination of scaffold and cells, possibly with the aid of incorporated growth factors, can lead to successful results in bone regeneration. This review presents the strategies used to design cellularized hydrogel-based systems for bone regeneration, identifying the key parameters of the many different micro-environments created within hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Maisani
- Laboratory for Biomaterials & Bioengineering (CRC-I), Department Min-Met-Materials Engineering & Research Center CHU de Québec, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Laboratoire BioTis, Inserm U1026, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Daniele Pezzoli
- Laboratory for Biomaterials & Bioengineering (CRC-I), Department Min-Met-Materials Engineering & Research Center CHU de Québec, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Olivier Chassande
- Laboratoire BioTis, Inserm U1026, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Diego Mantovani
- Laboratory for Biomaterials & Bioengineering (CRC-I), Department Min-Met-Materials Engineering & Research Center CHU de Québec, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
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17
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Betz VM, Betz OB, Rosin T, Keller A, Thirion C, Salomon M, Manthey S, Augat P, Jansson V, Müller PE, Rammelt S, Zwipp H. An expedited approach for sustained delivery of bone morphogenetic protein-7 to bone defects using gene activated fragments of subcutaneous fat. J Gene Med 2016; 18:199-207. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Volker M. Betz
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery and Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, TU Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Oliver B. Betz
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; Munich Germany
| | - Tom Rosin
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery and Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, TU Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Alexander Keller
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; Munich Germany
| | | | | | - Suzanne Manthey
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery and Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, TU Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Peter Augat
- Institute of Biomechanics; Trauma Center Murnau; Murnau Germany
- Paracelsus Medical University; Salzburg Austria
| | - Volkmar Jansson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; Munich Germany
| | - Peter E. Müller
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; Munich Germany
| | - Stefan Rammelt
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery and Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, TU Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Hans Zwipp
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery and Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, TU Dresden; Dresden Germany
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18
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Yin PT, Han E, Lee KB. Engineering Stem Cells for Biomedical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:10-55. [PMID: 25772134 PMCID: PMC5810416 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are characterized by a number of useful properties, including their ability to migrate, differentiate, and secrete a variety of therapeutic molecules such as immunomodulatory factors. As such, numerous pre-clinical and clinical studies have utilized stem cell-based therapies and demonstrated their tremendous potential for the treatment of various human diseases and disorders. Recently, efforts have focused on engineering stem cells in order to further enhance their innate abilities as well as to confer them with new functionalities, which can then be used in various biomedical applications. These engineered stem cells can take on a number of forms. For instance, engineered stem cells encompass the genetic modification of stem cells as well as the use of stem cells for gene delivery, nanoparticle loading and delivery, and even small molecule drug delivery. The present Review gives an in-depth account of the current status of engineered stem cells, including potential cell sources, the most common methods used to engineer stem cells, and the utilization of engineered stem cells in various biomedical applications, with a particular focus on tissue regeneration, the treatment of immunodeficiency diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perry T Yin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Edward Han
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
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19
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Kunkel N, Wagner A, Gehwolf R, Heimel P, Tempfer H, Korntner S, Augat P, Resch H, Redl H, Betz O, Bauer HC, Traweger A. Comparing the osteogenic potential of bone marrow and tendon-derived stromal cells to repair a critical-sized defect in the rat femur. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015; 11:2014-2023. [PMID: 26510918 DOI: 10.1002/term.2097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant advancements in bone tissue-engineering applications, the clinical impact of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) for the treatment of large osseous defects remains limited. Therefore, other cell sources are under investigation for their osteogenic potential to repair bone. In this study, tendon-derived stromal cells (TDSCs) were evaluated in comparison to BMSCs to support the functional repair of a 5 mm critical-sized, segmental defect in the rat femur. Analysis of the trilineage differentiation capacity of TDSCs and BMSCs cultured on collagen sponges revealed impaired osteogenic differentiation and mineral deposition of TDSCs in vitro, whereas chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation was evident for both cell types. Radiographic assessment demonstrated that neither cell type significantly improved the healing rate of a challenging 5 mm segmental femoral defect. Transplanted TDSCs and BMSCs both led to the formation of only small amounts of bone in the defect area, and histological evaluation revealed non-mineralized, collagen-rich scar tissue to be present within the defect area. Newly formed lamellar bone was restricted to the defect margins, resulting in closure of the medullary cavity. Interestingly, in comparison to BMSCs, significantly more TDSC-derived cells were present at the osteotomy gap up to 8 weeks after transplantation and were also found to be located within newly formed lamellar bone, suggesting their capacity to directly contribute to de novo bone formation. To our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the in vivo capacity of TDSCs to regenerate a critical-sized defect in the rat femur. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Kunkel
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Traumatology and Sports Injuries, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Wagner
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Gehwolf
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Heimel
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Herbert Tempfer
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Korntner
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Augat
- Institute of Biomechanics, Trauma Center Murnau, Germany
| | - Herbert Resch
- Department of Traumatology and Sports Injuries, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Heinz Redl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Betz
- Laboratory for Biomechanics and Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Christian Bauer
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Traweger
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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20
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Zhang H, Fu W, Xu Z. Re-epithelialization: a key element in tracheal tissue engineering. Regen Med 2015; 10:1005-23. [PMID: 26388452 DOI: 10.2217/rme.15.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Trachea-tissue engineering is a thriving new field in regenerative medicine that is reaching maturity and yielding numerous promising results. In view of the crucial role that the epithelium plays in the trachea, re-epithelialization of tracheal substitutes has gradually emerged as the focus of studies in tissue-engineered trachea. Recent progress in our understanding of stem cell biology, growth factor interactions and transplantation immunobiology offer the prospect of optimization of a tissue-engineered tracheal epithelium. In addition, advances in cell culture technology and successful applications of clinical transplantation are opening up new avenues for the construction of a tissue-engineered tracheal epithelium. Therefore, this review summarizes current advances, unresolved obstacles and future directions in the reconstruction of a tissue-engineered tracheal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyi Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China.,Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
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21
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Lampert FM, Momeni A, Filev F, Torio-Padron N, Finkenzeller G, Stark GB, Steiner D, Koulaxouzidis G. Utilization of a genetically modified muscle flap for local BMP-2 production and its effects on bone healing: a histomorphometric and radiological study in a rat model. J Orthop Surg Res 2015; 10:55. [PMID: 25924919 PMCID: PMC4424495 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-015-0196-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim of the study We developed an experimental rat model to explore the possibility of enhancing the healing of critical-size bone defects. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of this concept by achieving high local BMP-2 expression via a transduced muscle flap that would facilitate bony union while minimizing systemic sequelae. Methods The transduction potential of the adenoviral vector encoding for BMP-2 was tested in different cell lines in vitro. In vivo experiments consisted of harvesting a pedicled quadriceps femoris muscle flap with subsequent creation of a critical-size defect in the left femur in Sprague-Dawley rats. Next, the pedicled muscle flap was perfused with high titers of Ad.BMP-2 and Ad.GFP virus, respectively. Twelve animals were divided into three groups comparing the effects of Ad.BMP-2 transduction to Ad.GFP and placebo. Bone healing was monitored radiologically with subsequent histological analysis post-mortem. Results The feasibility of this concept was demonstrated by successful transduction in vitro and in vivo as evidenced by a marked increase of BMP-2 expression. The three examined groups only showed minor difference regarding bone regeneration; however, one complete bridging of the defect was observed in the Ad.BMP-2 group. No evidence of systemic viral contamination was noted. Conclusions A marked increase of local BMP-2 expression (without untoward systemic sequelae) was detected. However, bone healing was not found to be significantly enhanced, possibly due to the small sample size of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian M Lampert
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Hugstetterstr. 55, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Arash Momeni
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, 770 Welch Road, Suite 400, Palo Alto, CA, 94304-5715, USA.
| | - Filip Filev
- Department of Ophthalmology, University MedicalCenter Hamburg-Eppendorf, Haus West 40 (W40), Martinistr. 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Nestor Torio-Padron
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Hugstetterstr. 55, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Günter Finkenzeller
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Hugstetterstr. 55, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - G Björn Stark
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Hugstetterstr. 55, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Dominik Steiner
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstrasse 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Georgios Koulaxouzidis
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Hugstetterstr. 55, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany.
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22
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Zhou P, Cheng X, Xia Y, Wang P, Zou K, Xu S, Du J. Organic/inorganic composite membranes based on poly(L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) and mesoporous silica for effective bone tissue engineering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:20895-20903. [PMID: 25394879 DOI: 10.1021/am505493j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of membranes with excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity remains an important technical challenge in bone tissue engineering. In this paper, poly(l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-SBA15 (Santa Barbara Amorphous 15) composite membranes were prepared by using an electrospinning technique; PLGA was used as a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer and SBA15 was used as a mesoporous silica. The PLGA-SBA15 composite membrane facilitates the cell attachment and the cell proliferation versus pure PLGA membrane where human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were seeded. Furthermore, the analysis of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity indicated that this PLGA-SBA15 composite membrane has better osteogenic induction compared with the pure PLGA membrane. Moreover, the presence of SBA15 increased the loading efficiency of the recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) to the membranes. Furthermore, the composite membrane had optimized sustained release of rhBMP-2. Overall, this PLGA-SBA15 composite is an excellent material for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panyu Zhou
- Department of Emergency, Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University , 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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23
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Oryan A, Alidadi S, Moshiri A, Bigham-Sadegh A. Bone morphogenetic proteins: a powerful osteoinductive compound with non-negligible side effects and limitations. Biofactors 2014; 40:459-81. [PMID: 25283434 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Healing and regeneration of large bone defects leading to non-unions is a great concern in orthopedic surgery. Since auto- and allografts have limitations, bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) has attempted to solve this issue. In TERM, healing promotive factors are necessary to regulate the several important events during healing. An ideal treatment strategy should provide osteoconduction, osteoinduction, osteogenesis, and osteointegration of the graft or biomaterials within the healing bone. Since many materials have osteoconductive properties, only a few biomaterials have osteoinductive properties which are important for osteogenesis and osteointegration. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are potent inductors of the osteogenic and angiogenic activities during bone repair. The BMPs can regulate the production and activity of some growth factors which are necessary for the osteogenesis. Since the introduction of BMP, it has added a valuable tool to the surgeon's possibilities and is most commonly used in bone defects. Despite significant evidences suggesting their potential benefit on bone healing, there are some evidences showing their side effects such as ectopic bone formation, osteolysis and problems related to cost effectiveness. Bone tissue engineering may create a local environment, using the delivery systems, which enables BMPs to carry out their activities and to lower cost and complication rate associated with BMPs. This review represented the most important concepts and evidences regarding the role of BMPs on bone healing and regeneration from basic to clinical application. The major advantages and disadvantages of such biologic compounds together with the BMPs substitutes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Oryan
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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24
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ECM inspired coating of embroidered 3D scaffolds enhances calvaria bone regeneration. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:217078. [PMID: 25013767 PMCID: PMC4072022 DOI: 10.1155/2014/217078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Resorbable polymeric implants and surface coatings are an emerging technology to treat bone defects and increase bone formation. This approach is of special interest in anatomical regions like the calvaria since adults lose the capacity to heal large calvarial defects. The present study assesses the potential of extracellular matrix inspired, embroidered polycaprolactone-co-lactide (PCL) scaffolds for the treatment of 13 mm full thickness calvarial bone defects in rabbits. Moreover the influence of a collagen/chondroitin sulfate (coll I/cs) coating of PCL scaffolds was evaluated. Defect areas filled with autologous bone and empty defects served as reference. The healing process was monitored over 6 months by combining a novel ultrasonographic method, radiographic imaging, biomechanical testing, and histology. The PCL coll I/cs treated group reached 68% new bone volume compared to the autologous group (100%) and the biomechanical stability of the defect area was similar to that of the gold standard. Histological investigations revealed a significantly more homogenous bone distribution over the whole defect area in the PCL coll I/cs group compared to the noncoated group. The bioactive, coll I/cs coated, highly porous, 3-dimensional PCL scaffold acted as a guide rail for new skull bone formation along and into the implant.
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25
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Rentsch B, Bernhardt R, Scharnweber D, Schneiders W, Rammelt S, Rentsch C. Embroidered and surface coated polycaprolactone-co-lactide scaffolds: a potential graft for bone tissue engineering. BIOMATTER 2014; 2:158-65. [PMID: 23507867 PMCID: PMC3549869 DOI: 10.4161/biom.21931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative techniques targeting bone include a broad range of strategies and approaches to repair, augment, replace or regenerate bone tissue. Investigations that are aimed at optimization of these strategies until clinical translation require control of systemic factors as well as modification of a broad range of key parameters.
This article reviews a possible strategy using a tissue engineering approach and systematically describes a series of experiments evaluating the properties of an embroidered and surface coated polycaprolactone-co-lactide scaffold being considered as bone graft substitute for large bone defects. The scaffold design and fabrication, the scaffolds properties, as well as its surface modification and their influence in vitro are evaluated, followed by in vivo analysis of the scaffolds using orthotopic implantation models in small and large animals.
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26
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Zwingenberger S, Yao Z, Jacobi A, Vater C, Valladares RD, Li C, Nich C, Rao AJ, Christman JE, Antonios JK, Gibon E, Schambach A, Maetzig T, Goodman SB, Stiehler M. Enhancement of BMP-2 induced bone regeneration by SDF-1α mediated stem cell recruitment. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 20:810-8. [PMID: 24090366 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of critical size bone defects is challenging. Recent studies showed that the cytokine stromal cell-derived factor 1 alpha (SDF-1α) has potential to improve the bone regenerative effect of low bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) concentrations. The goal of this study was to demonstrate the combined effect of SDF-1α and BMP-2 on bone regeneration and stem cell recruitment using a critical size femoral bone defect model. A total of 72 mice were randomized to six groups. External fixators were implanted onto the right femur of each mouse and 3 mm defects were created. Depending on the group affiliation, adenovirally activated fat tissue grafts expressing SDF-1α or/and BMP-2 were implanted at the defect site. One day after operation, 1×10⁶ murine mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), lentivirally transduced to express the gene enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP), firefly luciferase, and CXCR4 were injected systemically in selected groups. Migration of the injected MSCs was observed by bioluminescence imaging on days 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 21, 28, and 42. After 6 weeks, animals were euthanized and 80 μm CT-scans were performed. For histological investigations, hematoxylin and eosin-, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-, alkaline phosphatase-, and anti-eGFP-stained sections were prepared. BMP-2 and SDF-1α combined at the defect site increased bone volume (BV) (2.72 mm³; 95% CI 1.95-3.49 mm³) compared with the negative control group (1.80 mm³; 95% CI 1.56-2.04 mm³; p<0.05). In addition, histological analysis confirmed a higher degree of bone healing in the BMP-2 and SDF-1α combined group compared with the negative control group. Bioluminescence imaging demonstrated higher numbers of migrated MSCs toward the defect site in the presence of both BMP-2 and SDF-1α at the defect site. Furthermore, eGFP-labeled migrated MSCs were found in all defect areas, when cells were injected. The ratio of osteoblasts to osteoclasts, assessed by immunohistological staining, was higher and thus showed a trend toward more bone formation for the combined use of BMP-2 and SDF-1α compared with all other groups. This study demonstrated that SDF-1α enhanced BMP-2 mediated bone healing in a critical size segmental bone defect model. Notably, both proteins alone also provided a cumulative effect on MSC attraction toward the site of injury.
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Mizuno H. Adipose-derived stem cells for regenerative medicine in the field of plastic and reconstructive surgery. J Oral Biosci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Rentsch C, Schneiders W, Hess R, Rentsch B, Bernhardt R, Spekl K, Schneider K, Scharnweber D, Biewener A, Rammelt S. Healing properties of surface-coated polycaprolactone-co-lactide scaffolds: A pilot study in sheep. J Biomater Appl 2013; 28:654-66. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328212471409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the bioactive, surface-coated polycaprolactone-co-lactide scaffolds as bone implants in a tibia critical size defect model. Polycaprolactone-co-lactide scaffolds were coated with collagen type I and chondroitin sulfate and 30 piled up polycaprolactone-co-lactide scaffolds were implanted into a 3 cm sheep tibia critical size defect for 3 or 12 months ( n = 5 each). Bone healing was estimated by quantification of bone volume in the defects on computer tomography and microcomputer tomography scans, plain radiographs, biomechanical testing as well as by histological evaluations. New bone formation occurred at the proximal and distal ends of the tibia in both groups. The current pilot study revealed a mean new bone formation of 63% and 172% after 3 and 12 months, respectively. The bioactive, surface coated, highly porous three-dimensional polycaprolactone-co-lactide scaffold stack itself acted as a guide rail for new bone formation along and into the implant. These preliminary data are encouraging for future experiments with a larger group of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Rentsch
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schneiders
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ricarda Hess
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Konrad Schneider
- Department of Mechanic und Structure, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e.V., Dresden, Germany
| | - Dieter Scharnweber
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden, Germany
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Achim Biewener
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Rammelt
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Zwingenberger S, Yao Z, Jacobi A, Vater C, Valladares RD, Li C, Nich C, Rao AJ, Christman JE, Antonios JK, Gibon E, Schambach A, Mätzig T, Günther KP, Goodman SB, Stiehler M. Stem cell attraction via SDF-1α expressing fat tissue grafts. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 101:2067-74. [PMID: 23281045 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSCs) are key cellular components for site-specific tissue regeneration. The chemokine stromal derived factor 1 alpha (SDF-1α) is known to attract stem cells via the C-X-C chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) receptor. The aim of the study was to develop a model for stem cell attraction using SDF-1α overexpressing fat tissue grafts. Murine MSCs were lentiviral transduced to express the genes for enhanced green fluorescent protein, firefly luciferace, and human CXCR4 (hCXCR4). Murine fat tissue was adenoviral transduced to express SDF-1α and red fluorescent protein transgenes. MSCs were cultured on transwells with SDF-1α containing supernatants from transduced fat tissue. The numbers of migrated MSCs in four groups (with hCXCR4 positive (+) or hCXCR4 negative (-) MSCs with or without SDF-1α containing supernatant) were investigated. After 36 h of culture, 9025 ± 925 cells migrated through the membrane of the transwells in group 1 (CXCR4+/SDF-1α+), 4817 ± 940 cells in group 2 (CXCR4-/SDF-1α+), 2050 ± 766 cells in group 3 (CXCR4+/SDF-1α-), and 2108 ± 426 cells in group 4 (CXCR4-/SDF-1α-). Both, the presence of SDF-1α and the expression of hCXCR4 significantly increased the migration rates (p < 0.0001). MSCs overexpressing the CXCR4 receptor by lentiviral transduction are highly attracted by medium from SDF-1α expressing fat tissue in vitro. Thus, SDF-1α activated tissue grafts may be a strategy to enhance site-specific musculoskeletal tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Zwingenberger
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
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Zwingenberger S, Nich C, Valladares RD, Yao Z, Stiehler M, Goodman SB. Recommendations and considerations for the use of biologics in orthopedic surgery. BioDrugs 2012; 26:245-56. [PMID: 22671767 DOI: 10.2165/11631680-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Reconstruction of extensive bone defects remains technically challenging and has considerable medical and financial impact on our society. Surgical procedures often require a bone/substitute graft to enhance and accelerate bone repair. Bone autografts are associated with morbidity related to bone harvesting and are limited in quantity. Alternatively, bone allografts expose the patient to the risk of transmission of infectious disease. Synthetic bone graft substitutes, such as calcium sulfates, hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, and combinations, circumvent some of the disadvantages of auto- and allografts, but have limited indications. Biomedical research has made possible the stimulation of the body's own healing mechanisms, either by delivering exogenous growth factors locally, or by stimulating their local production by gene transfer. Among all known factors having osteoinductive properties, only two bone morphogenetic proteins (for specific indications) and demineralized bone matrix have been approved for clinical use. In addition, ongoing research is exploring the efficacy of cell therapy and tissue engineering. The present report examines the composition, biological properties, indications, clinical experience and regulations of several of the biotherapeutics employed for bone reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Zwingenberger
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
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Zwingenberger S, Nich C, Valladares RD, Yao Z, Stiehler M, Goodman SB. Recommendations and Considerations for the Use of Biologics in Orthopedic Surgery. BioDrugs 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03261883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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33
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Rose LC, Kucharski C, Uludağ H. Protein expression following non-viral delivery of plasmid DNA coding for basic FGF and BMP-2 in a rat ectopic model. Biomaterials 2012; 33:3363-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Wagner DE, Bhaduri SB. Progress and outlook of inorganic nanoparticles for delivery of nucleic acid sequences related to orthopedic pathologies: a review. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2011; 18:1-14. [PMID: 21707439 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2011.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The anticipated growth in the aging population will drastically increase medical needs of society; of which, one of the largest components will undoubtedly be from orthopedic-related pathologies. There are several proposed solutions being investigated to cost-effectively prepare for the future--pharmaceuticals, implant devices, cell and gene therapies, or some combination thereof. Gene therapy is one of the more promising possibilities because it seeks to correct the root of the problem, thereby minimizing treatment duration and cost. Currently, viral vectors have shown the highest efficacies, but immunological concerns remain. Nonviral methods show reduced immune responses but are regarded as less efficient. The nonviral paradigms consist of mechanical and chemical approaches. While organic-based materials have been used more frequently in particle-based methods, inorganic materials capable of delivery have distinct advantages, especially advantageous in orthopedic applications. The inorganic gene therapy field is highly interdisciplinary in nature, and requires assimilation of knowledge across the broad fields of cell biology, biochemistry, molecular genetics, materials science, and clinical medicine. This review provides an overview of the role each area plays in orthopedic gene therapy as well as possible future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darcy E Wagner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Colleges of Medicine and Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA.
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Virk MS, Sugiyama O, Park SH, Gambhir SS, Adams DJ, Drissi H, Lieberman JR. "Same day" ex-vivo regional gene therapy: a novel strategy to enhance bone repair. Mol Ther 2011; 19:960-8. [PMID: 21343916 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2011.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ex-vivo regional gene therapy with bone marrow cells (BMCs) overexpressing bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) has demonstrated efficacy in healing critical sized bone defects in preclinical studies. The purpose of this preclinical study was to compare the osteoinductive potential of a novel "same day" ex-vivo regional gene therapy versus a traditional two-step approach, which involves culture expansion of the donor cells before implantation. In the "same day" strategy buffy coat cells were harvested from the rat bone marrow, transduced with a lentiviral vector-expressing BMP-2 for 1 hour and implanted into a rat femoral defect in the same sitting. There was no significant difference (P = 0.22) with respect to the radiographic healing rates between the femoral defects treated with the "same day" strategy (13/13; 100%) versus the traditional two-step approach (11/14; 78%). However, the femoral defects treated with the "same day" strategy induced earlier radiographic bone healing (P = 0.004) and higher bone volume (BV) [micro-computed tomography (micro-CT); P < 0.001]. The "same day" strategy represents a significant advance in the field of ex-vivo regional gene therapy because it offers a solution to limitations associated with the culture expansion process required in the traditional ex vivo approach. This strategy should be cost-effective when adapted for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep S Virk
- New England Musculoskeletal Institute, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-5456, USA
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Ward BB, Brown SE, Krebsbach PH. Bioengineering strategies for regeneration of craniofacial bone: a review of emerging technologies. Oral Dis 2010; 16:709-16. [PMID: 20534013 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2010.01682.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although advances in surgical techniques and bone grafting have significantly improved the functional and cosmetic restoration of craniofacial structures lost because of trauma or disease, there are still significant limitations in our ability to regenerate these tissues. The regeneration of oral and craniofacial tissues presents a formidable challenge that requires synthesis of basic science, clinical science, and engineering technology. Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field of study that addresses this challenge by applying the principles of engineering to biology and medicine toward the development of biological substitutes that restore, maintain, and improve normal function. This review will explore the impact of biomaterials design, stem cell biology and gene therapy on craniofacial tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Ward
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Liu Y, Wu G, de Groot K. Biomimetic coatings for bone tissue engineering of critical-sized defects. J R Soc Interface 2010; 7 Suppl 5:S631-47. [PMID: 20484228 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2010.0115.focus] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The repair of critical-sized bone defects is still challenging in the fields of implantology, maxillofacial surgery and orthopaedics. Current therapies such as autografts and allografts are associated with various limitations. Cytokine-based bone tissue engineering has been attracting increasing attention. Bone-inducing agents have been locally injected to stimulate the native bone-formation activity, but without much success. The reason is that these drugs must be delivered slowly and at a low concentration to be effective. This then mimics the natural method of cytokine release. For this purpose, a suitable vehicle was developed, the so-called biomimetic coating, which can be deposited on metal implants as well as on biomaterials. Materials that are currently used to fill bony defects cannot by themselves trigger bone formation. Therefore, biological functionalization of such materials by the biomimetic method resulted in a novel biomimetic coating onto different biomaterials. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2)-incorporated biomimetic coating can be a solution for a large bone defect repair in the fields of dental implantology, maxillofacial surgery and orthopaedics. Here, we review the performance of the biomimetic coating both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelian Liu
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthodontics, Academic Centre of Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), VU University and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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